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Boudenot A, Maurel DB, Pallu S, Ingrand I, Boisseau N, Jaffré C, Portier H. Quick benefits of interval training versus continuous training on bone: a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry comparative study. Int J Exp Pathol 2016; 96:370-7. [PMID: 26754273 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To delay age-related bone loss, physical activity is recommended during growth. However, it is unknown whether interval training is more efficient than continuous training to increase bone mass both quickly and to a greater extent. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of a 10-week interval training regime with a 14-week continuous training regime on bone mineral density (BMD). Forty-four male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were separated into four groups: control for 10 weeks (C10), control for 14 weeks (C14), moderate interval training for 10 weeks (IT) and moderate continuous training for 14 weeks (CT). Rats were exercised 1 h/day, 5 day/week. Body composition and BMD of the whole body and femur respectively were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after training to determine raw gain and weight-normalized BMD gain. Both trained groups had lower weight and fat mass gain when compared to controls. Both trained groups gained more BMD compared to controls when normalized to body weight. Using a 30% shorter training period, the IT group showed more than 20% higher whole body and femur BMD gains compared to the CT. Our data suggest that moderate IT was able to produce faster bone adaptations than moderate CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Boudenot
- Movement to Health - Euromov, UFR STAPS, Université de Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France.,UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Delphine B Maurel
- UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,Laboratory of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,UMR 7052 Laboratory for Osteoarticular Bioengineering and Bioimaging, CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris, France.,Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Ingrand
- Epidémiologie et Biostatistique, Inserm CIC 802, CHU Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Boisseau
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, EA 3533, Clermont University, Blaise Pascal University BP 10448, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Jaffré
- UMR-S658 INSERM, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.,EA 3300, Adaptations Physiologiques à l'Exercice et Réadaptation à l'Effort, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Hugues Portier
- UMR 7052 Laboratory for Osteoarticular Bioengineering and Bioimaging, CNRS, Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Paris, France.,Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
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Heinemeier KM, Olesen JL, Haddad F, Langberg H, Kjaer M, Baldwin KM, Schjerling P. Expression of collagen and related growth factors in rat tendon and skeletal muscle in response to specific contraction types. J Physiol 2007; 582:1303-16. [PMID: 17540706 PMCID: PMC2075262 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2007.127639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute exercise induces collagen synthesis in both tendon and muscle, indicating an adaptive response in the connective tissue of the muscle-tendon unit. However, the mechanisms of this adaptation, potentially involving collagen-inducing growth factors (such as transforming growth factor-beta-1 (TGF-beta-1)), as well as enzymes related to collagen processing, are not clear. Furthermore, possible differential effects of specific contraction types on collagen regulation have not been investigated. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 4 days of concentric, eccentric or isometric training (n = 7-9 per group) of the medial gastrocnemius, by stimulation of the sciatic nerve. RNA was extracted from medial gastrocnemius and Achilles tendon tissue 24 h after the last training bout, and mRNA levels for collagens I and III, TGF-beta-1, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), lysyl oxidase (LOX), metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -9) and their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and 2) were measured by Northern blotting and/or real-time PCR. In tendon, expression of TGF-beta-1 and collagens I and III (but not CTGF) increased in response to all types of training. Similarly, enzymes/factors involved in collagen processing were induced in tendon, especially LOX (up to 37-fold), which could indicate a loading-induced increase in cross-linking of tendon collagen. In skeletal muscle, a similar regulation of gene expression was observed, but in contrast to the tendon response, the effect of eccentric training was significantly greater than the effect of concentric training on the expression of several transcripts. In conclusion, the study supports an involvement of TGF-beta-1 in loading-induced collagen synthesis in the muscle-tendon unit and importantly, it indicates that muscle tissue is more sensitive than tendon to the specific mechanical stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Heinemeier
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Bispebjerg Hospital - Building 8, 1st floor, 23 Bispebjerg Bakke, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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