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Kokkosi A, Garofallidou E, Zacharopoulos N, Tsoureas N, Diamanti K, Thomaidis NS, Cheilari A, Machalia C, Emmanouilidou E, Philippopoulos AI. Ruthenium p-Cymene Complexes Incorporating Substituted Pyridine-Quinoline-Based Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxic Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:3215. [PMID: 38999167 PMCID: PMC11243419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Organometallic complexes of the formula [Ru(N^N)(p-cymene)Cl][X] (N^N = bidentate polypyridyl ligands, p-cymene = 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, X = counter anion), are currently studied as possible candidates for the potential treatment of cancer. Searching for new organometallic compounds with good to moderate cytotoxic activities, a series of mononuclear water-soluble ruthenium(II)-arene complexes incorporating substituted pyridine-quinoline ligands, with pending -CH2OH, -CO2H and -CO2Me groups in the 4-position of quinoline ring, were synthesized, for the first time, to study their possible effect to modulate the activity of the ruthenium p-cymene complexes. These include the [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqhyme)Cl][X] (X = Cl- (1-Cl), PF6- (1-PF6), pqhyme = 4-hydroxymethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline), [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqca)Cl][Cl] ((2-Cl), pqca = 4-carboxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline), and [Ru(η6-p-cymene)(pqcame)Cl][X] (X = Cl- (3-Cl), PF6- (3-PF6), pqcame = 4-carboxymethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline) complexes, respectively. Identification of the complexes was based on multinuclear NMR and ATR-IR spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, UV-Vis spectroscopic, and ESI-HRMS techniques. The solid-state structures of 1-PF6 and 3-PF6 have been elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealing a three-legged piano stool geometry. This is the first time that the in vitro cytotoxic activities of these complexes are studied. These were conducted in HEK293T (human embryonic kidney cells) and HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells) via the MTT assay. The results show poor in vitro anticancer activities for the HeLa cancer cell lines and 3-Cl proved to be the most potent (IC50 > 80 μΜ). In both cell lines, the cytotoxicity of the ligand precursor pqhyme is significantly higher than that of cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afroditi Kokkosi
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Elpida Garofallidou
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Zacharopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsoureas
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Diamanti
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Antigoni Cheilari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Machalia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Emmanouilidou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios I Philippopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Liu ZN, He CX, Yin HJ, Yu SW, Xu JB, Dong JW, Liu Y, Xia SB, Cheng FX. Novel Ru(II)/Os(II)‐Exchange Homo‐ and Heterometallic Polypyridyl Complexes with Effective Energy Transfer. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi Ning Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Chi Xian He
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Hong Ju Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Shi Wen Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Jian Bin Xu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Jian Wei Dong
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Shu Biao Xia
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environment Science Qujing Normal University 655011 Qujing P. R. China
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Yu T, Yang Q, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Liu X, Wei C, Zhang H. Synthesis, characterization and photophysical properties of a new Cu 2+ selective phosphorescent sensor. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Li MJ, Wong KMC, Yi C, Yam VWW. New Ruthenium(II) Complexes Functionalized with Coumarin Derivatives: Synthesis, Energy-Transfer-Based Sensing of Esterase, Cytotoxicity, and Imaging Studies. Chemistry 2012; 18:8724-30. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Li MJ, Kwok WM, Lam WH, Tao CH, Yam VWW, Phillips DL. Synthesis of Coumarin-Appended Pyridyl Tricarbonylrhenium(I) 2,2′-Bipyridyl Complexes with Oligoether Spacer and Their Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om8006486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wai-Ming Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wai Han Lam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi-Hang Tao
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of China
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Marin V, Holder E, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US. Functional ruthenium(II)- and iridium(III)-containing polymers for potential electro-optical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 36:618-35. [PMID: 17387410 DOI: 10.1039/b610016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The need for novel materials with luminescent properties and advanced processing features requires reliable and reproducible synthetic routes for the design of suitable materials, such as e.g. polypyridyl ruthenium(II) and iridium(III)-containing polymers. The most popular ligand for those purposes is the 4,4'-functionalized bipyridine unit. Therefore, several synthetic strategies for the derivatization of the 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine are highlighted, and in particular functionalities, which enable further covalent linkage to polymeric structures, are discussed in this critical review. Subsequently, the different synthetic strategies for the preparation of polymeric metal-complexes are described, either starting from small functionalized complexes (later covalently attached to the polymer), or from macroligands (subsequently coordinated to the metal ions). The designed materials reveal good processing properties using spin coating and inkjet printing, as well as beneficial electro-optical properties for potential thin functional film applications, such as light-emitting electrochemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marin
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology and Dutch Polymer Institute, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Farah AA, Hall N, Morin S, Pietro WJ. Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-block-polystyrene metallopolymers via sequential ROP and ATRP condition with in situ generated ruthenium catalyst. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hoogenboom R, Schubert US. The use of (metallo-)supramolecular initiators for living/controlled polymerization techniques. Chem Soc Rev 2006; 35:622-9. [PMID: 16791333 DOI: 10.1039/b515911c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of supramolecular interactions in synthetic polymers seems to be a promising approach towards novel 'smart' materials that combine both the (reversible) supramolecular interactions and the properties of the polymers. In this tutorial review, the use of (metallo-)supramolecular initiators for the preparation of end-functionalized (metallo-)supramolecular polymers will be discussed in detail. The different polymerization techniques that have been applied as well as the different ligands and metal complexes that were used to initiate these polymerizations will be discussed together with the resulting polymer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hoogenboom
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Chemistry and Nanoscience, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Nawaby AV, Farah AA, Liao X, Pietro WJ, Day M. Biodegradable Open Cell Foams of Telechelic Poly(ε-caprolactone) Macroligand with Ruthenium (II) Chromophoric Subunits via Sub-Critical CO2 Processing. Biomacromolecules 2005; 6:2458-61. [PMID: 16153080 DOI: 10.1021/bm050223n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work reports on the effect of CO2 at subcritical conditions and the gaseous state on the telechelic poly(epsilon-caprolactone) polymers. The tested polymers are semi-crystalline in nature and thus the effect of functional groups and their overall contribution to foaming and formation of microstructures with open-cell morphollogy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Victoria Nawaby
- Institute for Chemical Process and Environmental Technology, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6.
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Farah AA, Pietro WJ. Synthesis and characterization of multifunctional polymers via atom transfer radical polymerization ofN-(ω′-alkylcarbazolyl) methacrylates initiated by Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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