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Cioc RC, Crockatt M, van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx PCA. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels-Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114720. [PMID: 35014138 PMCID: PMC9304315 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomass-derived furanic platform molecules have emerged as promising building blocks for renewable chemicals and functional materials. To this aim, the Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition stands out as a versatile strategy to convert these renewable resources in highly atom-efficient ways. Despite nearly a century worth of examples of furan DA chemistry, clear structure-reactivity-stability relationships are still to be established. Detailed understanding of the intricate interplay between kinetics and thermodynamics in these very particular [4+2] cycloadditions is essential to push further development and truly expand the scope beyond the ubiquitous addend combinations of electron-rich furans and electron-deficient olefins. Herein, we provide pertinent examples of DA chemistry, taken from various fields, to highlight trends, establish correlations and answer open questions in the field with the aim to support future efforts in the sustainable chemicals and materials production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Răzvan C. Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc Crockatt
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNOLeeghwaterstraat 442628CADelftThe Netherlands
| | - Jan C. van der Waal
- Department of Sustainable Process and Energy Systems, TNOLeeghwaterstraat 442628CADelftThe Netherlands
| | - Pieter C. A. Bruijnincx
- Organic Chemistry and CatalysisDebye Institute for Nanomaterials ScienceFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUniversiteitsweg 993584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Cioc R, Crockatt M, Van der Waal JC, Bruijnincx P. The Interplay between Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Furan Diels‐Alder Chemistry for Sustainable Chemicals Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Cioc
- Utrecht University: Universiteit Utrecht Chemistry NETHERLANDS
| | - Marc Crockatt
- TNO Sustainable Process and Energy Systems NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Pieter Bruijnincx
- Utrecht University Chemistry Universiteitsweg99Netherlands 3584 CG Utrecht NETHERLANDS
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On the Question of Stepwise [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions and Their Stereochemical Aspects. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Even at the end of the twentieth century, the view of the one-step [4+2] cycloaddition (Diels-Alder) reaction mechanism was widely accepted as the only possible one, regardless of the nature of the reaction components. Much has changed in the way these reactions are perceived since then. In particular, multi-step mechanisms with zwitterionic or diradical intermediates have been proposed for a number of processes. This review provided a critical analysis of such cases.
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Pelipko VV, Makarenko SV, Baichurin RI, Berestovitskaya VM, Kovalenko KS. Alkyl 3-nitroacrylates: Synthesis and reactions with cyclohexane-1,3-diones and Meldrum’s acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801712003x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pullella GA, Wild DA, Nealon GL, Elyashberg M, Piggott MJ. What Is the Structure of the Antitubercular Natural Product Eucapsitrione? J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn A. Pullella
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Duncan A. Wild
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gareth L. Nealon
- Centre
for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Mikhail Elyashberg
- Moscow
Department, Advanced Chemistry Development Ltd., 6 Akademik Bakulev
Street, Moscow 117513, Russian Federation
| | - Matthew J. Piggott
- Chemistry,
School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Li N, Liang X, Su W. New insights into the asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction: the endo- and S-selective retro-Diels–Alder reaction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17788j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endo- and S-selective retro-Diels–Alder reactions have been proposed and verified in an imidazolethione-catalyzed asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Xianrui Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Weike Su
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- China
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7
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Manabe A, Ohfune Y, Shinada T. Toward the total synthesis of tetrodotoxin: stereoselective construction of the 7-oxanorbornane intermediate. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Jasiński R, Kwiatkowska M, Barański A. Kinetics of the [4+2] cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene with ( E)-2-aryl-1-cyano-1-nitroethenes. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012; 143:895-899. [PMID: 26166865 PMCID: PMC4495029 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-012-0735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The electrophilicity of (E)-2-aryl-1-cyano-1-nitroethenes is not sufficient to induce a zwitterionic course of their [4+2] cycloaddition to cyclopentadiene. The one-step mechanism of these reactions is indicated by the activation parameters, and the substituent and solvent effects on the reaction. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Jasiński
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Barański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
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Volkova YA, Averina EB, Grishin YK, Rybakov VB, Kuznetsova TS, Zefirov NS. A simple nitration of electrophilic alkenes with tetranitromethane in the presence of triethylamine. Synthesis of functionalized β-nitroalkenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Araújo N, Gil MV, Román E, Serrano JA. Synthesis and ring opening reactions of 2-glyco-1,4-dimethyl-3-nitro-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Itoh K, Kishimoto S, Sagi K. Novel formation of isoxazoline N-oxide in addition to Michael adduct from the reaction of β-nitrostyrenes with 2-methoxyfuran — Experimental and theoretical studies. CAN J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1139/v09-068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
2-Methoxyfuran reacts with β-nitrostyrenes to give Michael adducts. Interestingly, isoxazoline N-oxides were obtained in the reactions with β-nitrostyrenes possessing additional electron-withdrawing groups [COPh (2f) and CO2Et (2g)]. (Z)-Nitrostyrene (2g) gives trans-isoxazoline (4g) and (E)-nitrostyrene (2f) leads to the cis-form product 4f. We have used theoretical methods to investigate the mechanism and to probe the regio- and stereo-selectivity observed in the rearrangement and the Michael reactions. To account for the selectivity observed in these reactions, we examined the Fukui functions and located the transition states (TS) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6–31G* level. The first step involves a nucleophilic attack by the α-carbon atom (C4) of the furan ring on the vinyl C-atom (C5) of the nitrostyrene part to give a zwitterionic intermediate (IN1). Fission of the C–O bond of the furan ring in the intermediate and ring closure via the oxygen atom (endo-O atom) of the nitro group gives the isoxazoline N-oxide. Alternatively, the intermediate (IN1) may be transformed into the Michael adduct by an intramolecular proton transfer mediated by the formation of a four-membered transition-state structure. The potential-energy barriers for these reactions had the following values: 5.1 kcal/mol for 2f and 17.0 kcal/mol for 2g′ (CO2Me) at the rearrangement step, and 41–49 kcal/mol for the proton-transfer step. The solvent effect in CHCl3 stabilized the electrophilic attack by 1–14 kcal/mol. DFT analysis of these reactions is in good agreement with the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniaki Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sagi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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13
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Itoh K, Kishimoto S. Novel formation of phenylcyclopropanes from the reaction of β-cyanostyrenes and related compounds with 2-methoxyfuran: experimental and theoretical studies. NEW J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b814841d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Singh RS, Adachi S, Tanaka F, Yamauchi T, Inui C, Harada T. Oxazaborolidinone-Catalyzed Enantioselective Diels−Alder Reaction of Acyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. J Org Chem 2007; 73:212-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702043g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Shanker Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shinya Adachi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Fumi Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toyonao Yamauchi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Chieko Inui
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiro Harada
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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