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Kleinhaus JT, Wolf J, Pellumbi K, Wickert L, Viswanathan SC, Junge Puring K, Siegmund D, Apfel UP. Developing electrochemical hydrogenation towards industrial application. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7305-7332. [PMID: 37814786 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical hydrogenation reactions gained significant attention as a sustainable and efficient alternative to conventional thermocatalytic hydrogenations. This tutorial review provides a comprehensive overview of the basic principles, the practical application, and recent advances of electrochemical hydrogenation reactions, with a particular emphasis on the translation of these reactions from lab-scale to industrial applications. Giving an overview on the vast amount of conceivable organic substrates and tested catalysts, we highlight the challenges associated with upscaling electrochemical hydrogenations, such as mass transfer limitations and reactor design. Strategies and techniques for addressing these challenges are discussed, including the development of novel catalysts and the implementation of scalable and innovative cell concepts. We furthermore present an outlook on current challenges, future prospects, and research directions for achieving widespread industrial implementation of electrochemical hydrogenation reactions. This work aims to provide beginners as well as experienced electrochemists with a starting point into the potential future transformation of electrochemical hydrogenations from a laboratory curiosity to a viable technology for sustainable chemical synthesis on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian T Kleinhaus
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jonas Wolf
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Leon Wickert
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Sangita C Viswanathan
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Kai Junge Puring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Daniel Siegmund
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
| | - Ulf-Peter Apfel
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany
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Chen G, Liang L, Li N, Lu X, Yan B, Cheng Z. Upgrading of Bio-Oil Model Compounds and Bio-Crude into Biofuel by Electrocatalysis: A Review. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1037-1052. [PMID: 33320411 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Limited availability of fossil energy and serious environmental pollution have caused the emergence of bio-oil, which can serve as an alternative and promising green energy source. However, bio-oil generated from the rapid pyrolysis of biomass cannot be utilized immediately owing to its corrosivity, instability, and low heating value. Herein, the electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) process towards bio-oil upgrading is reviewed. Specifically, the ECH integrates the advantages of mild operating conditions, no petrochemically derived hydrogen and good controllability. The influence of different factors on the conversion of bio-oil components and product selectivity in the ECH process are presented comprehensively. In addition, various reaction mechanisms are discussed in the designed ECH systems. Finally, some challenges need to be further overcome for real bio-oil reduction in the ECH process: exploration of efficient multifunctional electrocatalysts for specific bio-oil components and determination of the dominant steps in the complicated reaction path network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin City, P. R. China
| | - Lan Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin City, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin City, P. R. China
| | - Xukai Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin City, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin City, P. R. China
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Bio Gas/Oil Technology, Tianjin University, No.135, Yaguan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin City, P. R. China
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Akhade SA, Singh N, Gutiérrez OY, Lopez-Ruiz J, Wang H, Holladay JD, Liu Y, Karkamkar A, Weber RS, Padmaperuma AB, Lee MS, Whyatt GA, Elliott M, Holladay JE, Male JL, Lercher JA, Rousseau R, Glezakou VA. Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Biomass-Derived Organics: A Review. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11370-11419. [PMID: 32941005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable energy generation calls for a shift away from centralized, high-temperature, energy-intensive processes to decentralized, low-temperature conversions that can be powered by electricity produced from renewable sources. Electrocatalytic conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks would allow carbon recycling of distributed, energy-poor resources in the absence of sinks and sources of high-grade heat. Selective, efficient electrocatalysts that operate at low temperatures are needed for electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) to upgrade the feedstocks. For effective generation of energy-dense chemicals and fuels, two design criteria must be met: (i) a high H:C ratio via ECH to allow for high-quality fuels and blends and (ii) a lower O:C ratio in the target molecules via electrochemical decarboxylation/deoxygenation to improve the stability of fuels and chemicals. The goal of this review is to determine whether the following questions have been sufficiently answered in the open literature, and if not, what additional information is required:(1)What organic functionalities are accessible for electrocatalytic hydrogenation under a set of reaction conditions? How do substitutions and functionalities impact the activity and selectivity of ECH?(2)What material properties cause an electrocatalyst to be active for ECH? Can general trends in ECH be formulated based on the type of electrocatalyst?(3)What are the impacts of reaction conditions (electrolyte concentration, pH, operating potential) and reactor types?
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha A Akhade
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Nirala Singh
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2136, United States
| | - Oliver Y Gutiérrez
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Juan Lopez-Ruiz
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Huamin Wang
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jamie D Holladay
- TU München, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-84747 Garching, Germany
| | - Yue Liu
- TU München, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-84747 Garching, Germany
| | - Abhijeet Karkamkar
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Robert S Weber
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Asanga B Padmaperuma
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Greg A Whyatt
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Michael Elliott
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Johnathan E Holladay
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Jonathan L Male
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Johannes A Lercher
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,TU München, Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-84747 Garching, Germany
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Institute for Integrated Catalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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