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Alshehri MA, Seyed MA, Panneerselvam C, Sayed SM, Shukry M. Mechanistic insights into Retama raetam's anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in A549 lung cancer cells: targeting PI3K/Akt pathway and ROS production. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae137. [PMID: 39233844 PMCID: PMC11368664 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms behind the anti-cancer effects of the tropical desert plant Retama raetam (R. raetam) on the A549 NSCLC cell line. The research examined R. raetam's anti-proliferative effects, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, and cell morphology in NSCLC A549 and L-132 cells. In addition, the influence of R. raetam on DNA fragmentation, apoptotic signaling, and PI3K/Akt pathways for its anti-cancer mechanism was examined. Our results indicated that R. raetam's effects were dose- and time-dependent to exhibit anti-proliferative effects on A549 cells. R. raetam treatment promoted apoptotic cell death cycle arrest, increased apoptotic cells, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, and induced morphological alterations in cells and nuclei. It also inhibited A549 cell migration (P < 0.05), colonization, and invasiveness. Moreover, the study demonstrated that R. raetam treatment resulted in the upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of Bcl-2 expression, and apoptotic fragmented DNA in A549 cells. The top five bioactive compounds derived from R. raetam exhibited molecular interactions that inhibit PIK3CA and AKT1. This inhibition leads to an increased frequency of apoptosis and subsequent death of cancer cells. Additionally, R. raetam extract induced an increase in ROS formation and cytochrome c levels, indicating that its toxic effects on A549 cells involve both ROS-dependent cytotoxicity through the disruption of mitochondrial transmembrane potential ΔΨm and ROS-independent cell cycle arrest through downregulation BCL-2, PARP, E-Cadherin, PI3K, and Akt expressions pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ali Seyed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chellasamy Panneerselvam
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Biodiversity Genomics Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy M Sayed
- Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
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Jenča A, Mills DK, Ghasemi H, Saberian E, Jenča A, Karimi Forood AM, Petrášová A, Jenčová J, Jabbari Velisdeh Z, Zare-Zardini H, Ebrahimifar M. Herbal Therapies for Cancer Treatment: A Review of Phytotherapeutic Efficacy. Biologics 2024; 18:229-255. [PMID: 39281032 PMCID: PMC11401522 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s484068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Natural products have proven to be promising anti-cancer agents due to their diverse chemical structures and bioactivity. This review examines their central role in cancer treatment, focusing on their mechanisms of action and therapeutic benefits. Medicinal plants contain bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids and polyphenols, which exhibit various anticancer properties. These compounds induce apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and cell cycle progression, interfere with microtubule formation, act on topoisomerase targets, inhibit angiogenesis, modulate key signaling pathways, improve the tumor microenvironment, reverse drug resistance and activate immune cells. Herbal anti-cancer drugs offer therapeutic advantages, particularly selective toxicity against cancer cells, reducing the adverse side effects associated with conventional chemotherapy. Recent studies and clinical trials highlight the benefits of herbal medicines in alleviating side effects, improving tolerance to chemotherapy and the occurrence of synergistic effects with conventional treatments. For example, the herbal medicine SH003 was found to be safe and potentially effective in the treatment of solid cancers, while Fucoidan showed anti-inflammatory properties that are beneficial for patients with advanced cancer. The current research landscape on herbal anticancer agents is extensive. Numerous studies and clinical trials are investigating their efficacy, safety and mechanisms of action in various cancers such as lung, prostate, breast and hepatocellular carcinoma. Promising developments include the polypharmacological approach, combination therapies, immunomodulation and the improvement of quality of life. However, there are still challenges in the development and use of natural products as anti-cancer drugs, such as the need for further research into their mechanisms of action, possible drug interactions and optimal dosage. Standardizing herbal extracts, improving bioavailability and delivery, and overcoming regulatory and acceptance hurdles are critical issues that need to be addressed. Nonetheless, the promising anticancer effects and therapeutic benefits of natural products warrant further investigation and development. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential to advance herbal cancer therapy and integrate these agents into mainstream cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Jenča
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - David K Mills
- Molecular Science and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA
| | - Hadis Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, USA
| | - Elham Saberian
- Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Klinika and Akadémia Košice Bacikova, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Andrej Jenča
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Adriána Petrášová
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Janka Jenčová
- Klinika of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery Akadémia Košice Bacikova, UPJS LF, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Zeinab Jabbari Velisdeh
- Molecular Science and Nanotechnology, College of Engineering and Science, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, 71272, USA
| | - Hadi Zare-Zardini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran
| | - Meysam Ebrahimifar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University, Shahreza Branch, Shahreza
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3
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Fırat K, Nisari M, Metin İ, Fırat YY, Karatoprak GŞ, Hamurcu Z. Effect of Pistacia Terebinthus (terebinth) resin extract on aggressive breast cancer cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae046. [PMID: 38533180 PMCID: PMC10962014 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer causing high mortality rates among women worldwide. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Pistacia terebinthus (terebinth) resin extract (TRE) on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. In the study, the cytotoxic dose of the resin extract in MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated by MTS analysis. The effect of TRE on apoptosis was examined by Hoechst staining. Caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 protein expressions were determined by western blot analysis. Based on the outcomes of our MTS analysis, the IC50 dose of TRE was calculated at 56.54 μg/mL during a 24-h application period. With Hoechst staining analysis, an increase was observed in cells that underwent apoptotic change at 10 and 100 μg/ml TRE concentrations compared to the control. At 25 and 50 μg/mL TRE concentrations, no apoptotic change was found in comparison to the control; however, a significant drop in the number of viable cells was observed because 200, 300, and 500 μg/mL TRE concentrations were above the toxic dose. The caspase-3 protein expression level was significantly higher in cells treated with 100 μg/ml TRE compared to the control group, while there was no significant change in cleaved caspase-3 protein expression. It was thought that P. terebinthus resin might cause cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells via caspase-independent apoptosis pathway or other cell death pathways, and it was concluded that it could be a supportive treatment for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Fırat
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Nisari
- Department of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - İrem Metin
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Yaşar Fırat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Zühal Hamurcu
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
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4
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Bai Y, Ye B, Li T, Wang R, Qi X. H22954, a long non-coding RNA, inhibits glucose uptake in leukemia cells in a GLUT10-dependent manner. Hematology 2022; 27:469-475. [PMID: 35413230 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the performance of H22954, a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), in inhibiting glucose uptake in leukemia cells. METHODS 18F-FDG uptake, RNA half-life quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and luciferase assays were performed to detect the glucose uptake in the condition of leukemia. Microarrays and qRT-PCR analyses were used to identify the related genes or proteins and elucidate the underlying these processes. RESULTS H22954, a novel lncRNA, inhibited glucose uptake in leukemia cells. Using bioinformatics and microarray analyses, GLUT10 was identified as a possible target molecule of H22954. H22954 targeted the 3'untranslated region of GLUT10. In the luciferase assay, the luciferase activity of pGL3-GLUT10 was inhibited by H22954. Consistently, H22954 expression levels were inversely correlated with GLUT10 expression in cell lines and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) samples. Conversely, the degradation rate of GLUT10 mRNA was increased after H22954 overexpression. Moreover, glucose uptake was recovered when the GLUT10-interaction sites in H22954 were mutated. CONCLUSION The lncRNA H22954 regulated GLUT10 expression to inhibit glucose uptake in leukemia cells. Our findings provide potentially valuable data for designing new targeted strategies based on H22954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Bai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bibo Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Wu Xi, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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5
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Jazani AM, Karimi A, Nasimi Doost Azgomi R. The Potential Role of Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) and its components in Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 48:148-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Wang CZ, Luo Y, Huang WH, Zeng J, Zhang CF, Lager M, Du W, Xu M, Yuan CS. Falcarindiol and dichloromethane fraction are bioactive components in Oplopanax elatus: Colorectal cancer chemoprevention via induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest mediated by cyclin A upregulation. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:113-124. [PMID: 34754259 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oplopanax elatus (Nakai) Nakai has a long history of use as an ethnomedicine by the people living in eastern Asia. However, its bioactive constituents and cancer chemopreventive mechanisms are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to prepare O. elatus extracts, fractions, and single compounds and to investigate the herb's antiproliferative effects on colon cancer cells and the involved mechanisms of action. Two polyyne compounds were isolated from O. elatus, falcarindiol and oplopandiol. Based on our HPLC analysis, falcarindiol and oplopandiol are major constituents in the dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) fraction. For the HCT-116 cell line, the dichloromethane fraction showed significant effects. Furthermore, the IC50 for falcarindiol and oplopandiol was 1.7 μM and 15.5 μM, respectively. In the mechanistic study, after treatment with 5 μg/ml for 48 h, dichloromethane fraction induced cancer cell apoptosis by 36.5% (p < 0.01% vs. control of 3.9%). Under the same treatment condition, dichloromethane fraction caused cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by 32.6% (p < 0.01% vs. control of 23.4%), supported by upregulation of key cell cycle regulator cyclin A to 21.6% (p < 0.01% vs. control of 8.6%). Similar trends were observed by using cell line HT-29. Data from this study filled the gap between phytochemical components and the cancer chemoprevention of O. elatus. The dichloromethane fraction is a bioactive fraction, and falcarindiol is identified as an active constituent. The mechanisms involved in cancer chemoprevention by O. elatus were apoptosis induction and G2/M cell cycle arrest mediated by a key cell cycle regulator cyclin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P.R. China.,University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yun Luo
- Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, P.R. China.,University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Huang
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jinxiang Zeng
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chun-Feng Zhang
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mallory Lager
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wei Du
- University of Chicago, Ben May Department for Cancer Research, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- University of Chicago, Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- University of Chicago, Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,University of Chicago, Committee on Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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7
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Wang J, Li T, Yue C, Zhong S, Yang X, Li J, Li Y. Preparation of nanoparticles of β-cyclodextrin-loaded scutellarein anti-tumor activity research by targeting integrin αvβ3. Cancer Nanotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-021-00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The problems associated with the poor water solubility of anticancer drugs are one of the most important challenges in achieving effective cancer therapy. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of scutellarein on human colon cancer cells in vitro by using a target αvβ3 novel scutellarein (Scu)-loaded niosome nanoparticle (β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD).
Results
β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD has a diameter of 140.2 nm and zeta potential of − 11.3 mV with constant physicochemical stability. The MTT assay showed both Scu and β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD caused a decrease in cell proliferation and viability of LoVo, but β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD showed better activity in vitro. Colony formation assay and flow cytometry assay showed that β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD has a better effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis. In vivo, animal experimental results showed that β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD can significantly inhibit tumor growth, and the bodyweight of mice decreases during the treatment of scutellarein and its derivatives. β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD could inhibit the protein levels of Ki67 and αvβ3, thereby inhibiting tumor growth.
Conclusions
Although further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary, our results suggested that β-CD-CL-Scu-cRGD could be an outstanding carrier to deliver Scu for potential therapeutic approaches into colon cancer.
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Dowlath MJH, Karuppannan SK, Sinha P, Dowlath NS, Arunachalam KD, Ravindran B, Chang SW, Nguyen-Tri P, Nguyen DD. Effects of radiation and role of plants in radioprotection: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146431. [PMID: 34030282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Radiation can be lethal at high doses, whereas controlled doses are useful in medical applications. Other applications include power generation, agriculture sterilization, nuclear weapons, and archeology. Radiation damages genetic material, which is reflected in genotoxicity and can cause hereditary damage. In the medical field, it is essential to avoid the harmful effects of radiation. Radiation countermeasures and the need for radioprotective agents have been explored in recent years. Considering plants that evolve in radiative conditions, their ability to protect organisms against radiation has been studied and demonstrated. Crude extracts, fractioned extracts, isolated phytocompounds, and plant polysaccharides from various plants have been used in radioprotection studies, and their efficiency has been proven in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is important to identify the mechanism of action to develop a potent plant-based radioprotective agent. To identify this protective mechanism, it is necessary to understand the damage caused by radiation in biological systems. This review intends to discuss the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems and evaluate plant-based radioprotectants that have tested thus far as well as their mechanism of action in protecting against the toxic effects of radiation. From the review, the mechanism of radioprotection exhibited by the plant-based products could be understood. Meanwhile, we strongly suggest that the potential products identified so far should undergo clinical trials for critically evaluating their effects and for developing an ideal and compatible radioprotectant with no side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Junaid Hussain Dowlath
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sathish Kumar Karuppannan
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pamela Sinha
- Project Management, Bioneeds India Pvt. Ltd, Peenya Industrial Area, Bengaluru 560058, India
| | - Nihala Sultana Dowlath
- Department of Biochemistry, Ethiraj College for Women, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600008, India
| | - Kantha Deivi Arunachalam
- Center for Environmental Nuclear Research, Directorate of Research, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, 603203, Kanchipuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
| | - S Woong Chang
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Phuong Nguyen-Tri
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - D Duc Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam; Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University Youngtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea.
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9
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Jin J, Chen B, Zhan X, Zhou Z, Liu H, Dong Y. Network pharmacology and molecular docking study on the mechanism of colorectal cancer treatment using Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252508. [PMID: 34125845 PMCID: PMC8202922 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We aimed to predict the targets and signal pathways of Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (XCHT) in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) based on network pharmacology, just as well as to further analyze its anti-CRC material basis and mechanism of action. METHODS We adopted Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP) and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID) databases to screen the active ingredients and potential targets of XCHT. CRC-related targets were retrieved by analyzing published microarray data (accession number GSE110224) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The common targets were used to construct the "herb-active ingredient-target" network using the Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. Next, we constructed and analyzed protein-to-protein interaction (PPI) using BisoGenet and CytoNCA plug-in in Cytoscape. We then performed Gene Ontology (GO) functional and the Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of target genes using the R package of clusterProfiler. Furthermore, we used the AutoDock Tools software to conduct molecular docking studies on the active ingredients and key targets to verify the network pharmacological analysis results. RESULTS We identified a total of 71 active XCHT ingredients and 20 potential anti-CRC targets. The network analysis revealed quercetin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, baicalein, and acacetin as potential key compounds, and PTGS2, NR3C2, CA2, and MMP1 as potential key targets. The active ingredients of XCHT interacted with most CRC disease targets. We showed that XCHT's therapeutic effect was attributed to its synergistic action (multi-compound, multi-target, and multi-pathway). Our GO enrichment analysis showed 46 GO entries, including 20 biological processes, 6 cellular components, and 20 molecular functions. We identified 11 KEGG signaling pathways, including the IL-17, TNF, Toll-like receptor, and NF-kappa B signaling pathways. Our results showed that XCHT could play a role in CRC treatment by regulating different signaling pathways. The molecular docking experiment confirmed the correlation between five core compounds (quercetin, stigmasterol, kaempferol, baicalein, and acacetin) just as well as PTGS2, NR3C2, CA2, and MMP1. CONCLUSION In this study, we described the potential active ingredients, possible targets, and key biological pathways responsible for the efficacy of XCHT in CRC treatment, providing a theoretical basis for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhan
- Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Nasry WHS, Martin CK. Intersecting Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inflammation in the Comparative Biology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:539361. [PMID: 34094895 PMCID: PMC8175905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.539361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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11
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Arzi L, Hoshyar R. Saffron anti-metastatic properties, ancient spice novel application. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:3939-3950. [PMID: 33653190 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1871320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Crocus sativus L. (saffron), was applied as a spice, food colorant and medicine since four millennia ago and has been used as a remedy for various maladies. In the last three decades, the anti-primary tumor properties of saffron and its main carotenoids, crocin and crocetin, have been well explored. Despite the fact that metastasis is the leading cause of death in cancer patients, the anti-metastatic potential of saffron and its carotenoids has been surveyed only this decade. This review aims to provide an unprecedented overview of the anti-metastatic effects of saffron, crocin and crocetin, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Investigations on various cancers demonstrated the anti-migratory, anti-invasion, anti-angiogenic potentials of saffron and its carotenoids, as well as their effects suppressing cell-ECM adhesion and enhancing cell-cell attachment. Saffron and its carotenoids exert their impact through different mechanisms such as reduction of CD34 and suppression of Wnt/β-catenin, Ras/ERK, P38, DCLK1, EMT, matrix metalloproteinases and urokinases. Crocin displayed more effective anti-metastatic potency, in comparison with saffron extract and crocetin. The bioaccessibility/bioavailability, nontoxicity on normal cells, confirmed anti-tumor efficiency and the recent evidence on the anti-metastatic potential of saffron and its carotenoids, recommends them as a propitious multipotent dietary agent and herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Arzi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hoshyar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Liyanagamage DSNK, Jayasinghe S, Attanayake AP, Karunaratne V. Dual mechanisms of a Sri Lankan traditional polyherbal mixture in the improvement of pancreatic beta cell functions and restoration of lipoprotein alterations in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113613. [PMID: 33242620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional polyherbal preparations have been utilized in Sri Lanka since ancient times and have gained a wide acceptance throughout the country. Although an extensive body of evidence supports the use of traditional herbal mixtures in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, only a few polyherbal mixtures have been subjected to systematic scientific investigations and their mechanisms for long-term glucose control remain unclear. In general, scientific evaluations of the effectiveness of antidiabetic formulations which are prescribed by traditional practitioners have received great attention, and therefore uncovering their mechanism of action would be beneficial. AIM The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy, in terms of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic activities, of a well-known traditional polyherbal mixture composed of leaves of Murraya koenigii L., -cloves of Allium sativum L., - fruits of Garcinia quaesita Pierre and seeds of Piper nigrum L. in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Equal amounts from each of the above plant parts (100 g) were mixed together and extracted into cold water, hot water (3 h, refluxed) and water-acetone (1:1) separately. Dose response study of cold water, hot water, and water-acetone extracts of the polyherbal mixture at three selected doses of 0.5 g/kg, 1.0 g/kg and 1.5 g/kg was conducted in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Based on the dose response data, hot water and water-acetone extracts at the therapeutic dose of 1.0 g/kg were administered to STZ induced diabetic rats (n = 6/group) daily for 30 days in the long-term study. Glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg) was used as the positive control. Glycaemic parameters, pancreatic β cell restoration, and lipid profile were evaluated in diabetic rats treated with the plant extract mixture. HPLC fingerprints of hot water and water-acetone extracts of the polyherbal mixture were compared with those of extracts of individual plants with the respective solvents, in the standardisation protocol. RESULTS The hot water and water-acetone extracts were shown to be active in the dose response study and 1.0 g/kg was selected for the long term study. Treatment with the hot water and water-acetone extracts of the polyherbal mixture and glibenclamide significantly lowered the glycated haemoglobin by 19%, 26%, and 43%, respectively, at the end of the intervention (p < 0.05). The serum insulin concentration was significantly increased (p < 0.05) upon the plant treatment, corroborating the evidence of β-cell restoration in the pancreas of H and E stained sections. Moreover, the above extracts reported an impressive restoration of lipoproteins in diabetic rats compared to the diabetic control rats. The homeostatic assessment of β-cell functions (HOMA-β) was also improved in rats treated with the hot water and water-acetone extracts of the polyherbal mixture. The HPLC fingerprints of the polyherbal mixture and the individual plants showed shifts in some peaks and formation of new peaks. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the aforementioned polyherbal mixture possesses potent antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects with considerable restoration of pancreatic β-cells, justifying the traditional use of the mixture in diabetes associated dyslipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanthi Jayasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - Veranja Karunaratne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
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Panossian AG, Efferth T, Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Kuchta K, Mukherjee PK, Banerjee S, Heinrich M, Wu W, Guo D, Wagner H. Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress- and aging-related diseases. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:630-703. [PMID: 33103257 PMCID: PMC7756641 DOI: 10.1002/med.21743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used in various traditional medical systems (TMS) and conventional medicine and to provide a modern rationale for their use in the treatment of stress-induced and aging-related disorders. Adaptogens have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on the neuroendocrine-immune system, which explain their traditional use for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. They exhibit a biphasic dose-effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress-mimetics, which activate the adaptive stress-response signaling pathways to cope with severe stress. That is in line with their traditional use for preventing premature aging and to maintain good health and vitality. However, the potential of adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment of stress and aging-related diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations of adaptogenic plants provide unique effects due to their synergistic interactions in organisms not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress in this field needs to focus on discovering new combinations of adaptogens based on traditional medical concepts. Robust and rigorous approaches including network pharmacology and systems pharmacology could help in analyzing potential synergistic effects and, more broadly, future uses of adaptogens. In conclusion, the evolution of the adaptogenic concept has led back to basics of TMS and a new level of understanding of holistic approach. It provides a rationale for their use in stress-induced and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and BiochemistryJohannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Alexander N. Shikov
- Department of technology of dosage formsSaint‐Petersburg State Chemical‐Pharmaceutical UniversitySt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Olga N. Pozharitskaya
- Department of BiotechnologyMurmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS)MurmanskRussia
| | - Kenny Kuchta
- Department of Far Eastern Medicine, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal OncologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany
| | - Pulok K. Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Subhadip Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product StudiesJadavpur UniversityKolkataIndia
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Pharmacognosy and PhytotherapyUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - De‐an Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Hildebert Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Pharma ResearchLudwig‐Maximilians‐Universität MünchenMunichGermany
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Lotfaliani M, Ghanadian M, Ayatollahi SA, Aghaei M, Kobarfard F. Anticancer Activity of Delphinium semibarbatum Alkaloid Fractions against LNCaP, and DU 145 Human Prostate Cancer Cells through the Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2021; 20:107-116. [PMID: 35194432 PMCID: PMC8842624 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2021.115462.15382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the common cancers with a high mortality rate in men. Therefore, there is always a necessity to discover new medications for treatment or alleviating its symptoms. In recent years, anticancer properties of a number of delphinium species were reported, but there is no study on the anticancer effects of Delphinium semibarbatum (D. semibarbatum) alkaloid contents. Therefore, this survey aimed to check the cytotoxicity and apoptotic properties of D. semibarbatum alkaloid fractions (DSAFs) against prostate cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay. We examined the apoptosis by detecting annexin V-FITC/PI staining, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) disruption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, the activity of caspase-3, and expression of the Bax and Bcl-2 in cancer cells. DSAFs treatment inhibited the growth of LNCaP and DU-145 cells by the increase of apoptotic (Q2+Q3) cells detected by annexin V/PI assay. We found over-generation of intracellular ROS and ΔΨm loss in mitochondrial membrane potential treated cell lines. Attenuation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 followed by the increase in pro-apoptotic Bax bands, as well as activation of the caspase-3 enzyme was shown in Western blot analysis. Phytochemical analysis suggested that hetisine type diterpene alkaloids were probably responsible for apoptotic activities. Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that D. semibarbatum alkaloid content exerted antiproliferative effects against prostate cancer cells by inducing the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Lotfaliani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Science and Health Service, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Sadoughi University of Medical Science and Health Service, Yazd, Iran.
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Aghaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farzad Kobarfard
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Phytochemistry Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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Shebbo S, El Joumaa M, Kawach R, Borjac J. Hepatoprotective effect of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract against 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine-induced carcinogenic hepatic damage in mice. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04082. [PMID: 32509999 PMCID: PMC7265058 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethylhydrazine (DMH) is a potent colonic and hepatic carcinogen that is metabolized into oxyradicals causing liver injury and DNA mutations. Matricaria chamomilla is a well-documented medicinal herb that possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumor activities and is commonly used to treat diverse ailments. The present study aimed to reveal the hepatoprotective effects of Matricaria chamomilla aqueous extract during an intermediate stage of colorectal cancer (CRC) in mice. Male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: group A served as control, group B received chamomile extract (150 mg/Kg b.w.) orally for 12 weeks, and groups C-F received weekly intraperitoneal injections of DMH (20 mg/Kg b.w.) once a week for 12 weeks. In addition to DMH, groups D and F received chamomile during the initiation and post-initiation stages, respectively. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical and molecular analyses. The results showed that DMH induced hepatic injury in mice as shown by significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. The changes in biochemical parameters were accompanied by activation of the Wnt signaling pathway leading to increased hepatocytes proliferation as well as inflammation evidenced by high levels of pro-inflammatory enzymes cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The results also showed potential hepatoprotective effects of chamomile extract against DMH-induced liver injury, proliferation and inflammation. Chamomile restored the biochemical and molecular parameters and this improvement was more pronounced in mice pretreated with the extract. In conclusion, chamomile extract may exert its hepatoprotective activities against DMH probably due to the antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of its flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salima Shebbo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Manal El Joumaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Kawach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Jamilah Borjac
- Department of Biological Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
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Arzi L, Hoshyar R, Jafarzadeh N, Riazi G, Sadeghizadeh M. Anti-metastatic properties of a potent herbal combination in cell and mice models of triple negative breast cancer. Life Sci 2020; 243:117245. [PMID: 31926253 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To determine the anti-metastatic potential of combinations of two bioactive carotenoids of saffron, crocin and crocetin, on 4T1 breast cancer and on a mice model of TNBC, and assess the effect of the most potent combination on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MAIN METHODS The effects of the carotenoid combinations on the viability of 4T1 cells were determined by MTT assay. The effects of the nontoxic doses on migration, mobility, invasion and adhesion to ECM were examined by scratch assay, Transwell/Matrigel-coated Transwell chamber and adhesion assay respectively. Tumors were inoculated by injecting mice with 4T1 cells. The weights and survival rates of the mice and tumor sizes were monitored. Histological analysis of the tissues was conducted. The expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes were measured by Real-time PCR and western blotting. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of 4T1 cells with combination doses inhibited viability in a dose-dependent manner. The nontoxic combinations significantly inhibited migration, cell mobility and invasion, also attenuating adhesion to ECM. The combination therapy mice possessed more weight, higher survival rates and smaller tumors. Histological examination detected remarkably fewer metastatic foci in their livers and lungs. It was also demonstrated that the combinations exerted anti-metastatic effects by disturbing the Wnt/β-catenin target genes in the liver and tumors. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings propose a carotenoid combination as an alternative potent herbal treatment for TNBC, which lacks the adverse effects associated with either chemotherapeutic agents or herb-chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laleh Arzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Hoshyar
- Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nazli Jafarzadeh
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Riazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang L, Hervault A, Southern P, Sandre O, Couillaud F, Thanh NTK. In vitro exploration of the synergistic effect of alternating magnetic field mediated thermo–chemotherapy with doxorubicin loaded dual pH- and thermo-responsive magnetic nanocomposite carriers. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10527-10539. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01983f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle induced hyperthermia has been considered as a promising approach for cancer treatment for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilin Wang
- Biophysics Group
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Aziliz Hervault
- Biophysics Group
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Paul Southern
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetic and Nanomaterials Laboratories
- London
- UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering
- University College London
| | - Olivier Sandre
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO)
- Univ. Bordeaux
- CNRS
- Bordeaux INP
- UMR 5629
| | - Franck Couillaud
- Molecular Imaging and Innovative Therapies (IMOTION)
- Univ. Bordeaux
- EA7435
- Bordeaux
- France
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Thanh
- Biophysics Group
- Department of Physics & Astronomy
- University College London
- London
- UK
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18
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Khan T, Ali M, Khan A, Nisar P, Jan SA, Afridi S, Shinwari ZK. Anticancer Plants: A Review of the Active Phytochemicals, Applications in Animal Models, and Regulatory Aspects. Biomolecules 2019; 10:E47. [PMID: 31892257 PMCID: PMC7022400 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising burden of cancer worldwide calls for an alternative treatment solution. Herbal medicine provides a very feasible alternative to western medicine against cancer. This article reviews the selected plant species with active phytochemicals, the animal models used for these studies, and their regulatory aspects. This study is based on a meticulous literature review conducted through the search of relevant keywords in databases, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Twenty plants were selected based on defined selection criteria for their potent anticancer compounds. The detailed analysis of the research studies revealed that plants play an indispensable role in fighting different cancers such as breast, stomach, oral, colon, lung, hepatic, cervical, and blood cancer cell lines. The in vitro studies showed cancer cell inhibition through DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-inducing enzymes by the secondary metabolites in the plant extracts. Studies that reported in vivo activities of these plants showed remarkable results in the inhibition of cancer in animal models. Further studies should be performed on exploring more plants, their active compounds, and the mechanism of anticancer actions for use as standard herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Zoology, University of Buner, Sowari 17290, Pakistan;
| | - Parveen Nisar
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Sohail Ahmad Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan;
| | - Shakeeb Afridi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (P.N.); (S.A.); (Z.K.S.)
- National Council for Tibb, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Xiao H, Xue Q, Zhang Q, Li C, Liu X, Liu J, Li H, Yang J. How Ginsenosides Trigger Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:1737-1754. [PMID: 31795742 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Panax ginseng is a natural medicine that has been used globally for a long time. Moreover, several studies have reported the effective activity of ginseng in treating malignancies. Various agents containing ginseng were widely used as an antitumor treatment nowadays. Lung cancer is the most common fatal cancer in China, and lung adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). What's worse, many patients may have a failed response to conventional therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or molecule-targeted therapy due to drug resistance. Apoptosis is a highly ordered cellular suicidal process that plays an essential role in maintaining normal homeostasis. The pharmacological mechanism of many antineoplastic drugs involves triggering of apoptotic process. In several recent studies, ginsenosides are regarded as major active components of ginseng that have the potential to control lung cancer. Most of these results have proved that ginsenosides induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells through many different signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, EGFR, and so on. This study is aimed at reviewing the signaling pathways that underlie ginsenosides-triggered apoptotic process and encourage further studies to target promising agents against lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qianfei Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Zheng SW, Xiao SY, Wang J, Hou W, Wang YP. Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenoside Ro on the Growth of B16F10 Melanoma via Its Metabolites. Molecules 2019; 24:E2985. [PMID: 31426477 PMCID: PMC6721120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24162985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Ro (Ro), a major saponin derived and isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, exerts multiple biological activities. However, the anti-tumour efficacy of Ro remains unclear because of its poor in vitro effects. In this study, we confirmed that Ro has no anti-tumour activity in vitro. We explored the anti-tumour activity of Ro in vivo in B16F10 tumour-bearing mice. The results revealed that Ro considerably suppressed tumour growth with no significant side effects on immune organs and body weight. Zingibroside R1, chikusetsusaponin IVa, and calenduloside E, three metabolites of Ro, were detected in the plasma of Ro-treated tumour-bearing mice and showed excellent anti-tumour effects as well as anti-angiogenic activity. The results suggest that the metabolites play important roles in the anti-tumour efficacy of Ro in vivo. Additionally, the haemolysis test demonstrated that Ro has good biocompatibility. Taken together, the findings of this study demonstrate that Ro markedly suppresses the tumour growth of B16F10-transplanted tumours in vivo, and its anti-tumour effects are based on the biological activity of its metabolites. The anti-tumour efficacy of these metabolites is due, at least in part, to its anti-angiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wen Zheng
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Sheng-Yuan Xiao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Wei Hou
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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Effects of Hexane Root Extract of Ferula hermonis Boiss. on Human Breast and Colon Cancer Cells: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3079895. [PMID: 31380416 PMCID: PMC6662478 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3079895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast and colon cancers are leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally. Plants are a potential source of natural products that may be used for the treatment of cancer. Ferula hermonis (FH) is reported to have diverse therapeutic effects. However, there are few reports on the in vitro anticancer potential of FH extract. Our results showed that the Ferula hermonis root hexane extract (FHRH) can induce dose-dependent cytotoxic effects in breast and colon cancer cells with MTT IC50 values of 18.2 and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The FHRH extract induced apoptosis in both breast and colon cancer cells; this was confirmed by light and nuclear staining, q-PCR, and caspase 3/7 activation. This study also demonstrated the antitumor activity of FHRH in 9,10-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene DMBA-induced rodent mammary tumor model. The GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of 3,5-Dimethylbenzenemethanol, Alpha-Bisabolol, Alpha-pinene, Beta-pinene, and Baccatin III that have various pharmacological potentials. Overall, the present study suggests that FHRH extract possesses anticancer potential which is mediated through apoptotic effects in MDA-MB-231 and LoVo cells. The present study also considered a basis for further investigations into the potential use of FHRH extract as an anticancer therapy for breast and colon cancers.
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Ahmad B, Khan S, Nabi G, Gamallat Y, Su P, Jamalat Y, Duan P, Yao L. Natural gypenosides: targeting cancer through different molecular pathways. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:2287-2297. [PMID: 31114315 PMCID: PMC6497488 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s185232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The second foremost cause of mortality around the word is cancer. Conventional therapies, such as radiation, surgery, and chemotherapy have limited accessibility owing to secondary resistance. Therefore, convenient, safe, and nonresistant drugs are urgently needed. Plant-derived natural products have attracted considerable interest owing to their high efficacy, low toxicity, and convenience. Gypenosides (Gyp) inhibit invasion, migration, metastasis, and proliferation and induce apoptosis in different cancers, including oral, lung, colorectal, hepatocellular, and leukemic cancers through different molecular pathways. This review summarizes Gyp studies on cancer to serve as a reference for further research and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir Ahmad
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Health Products of Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China.,College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, People's Republic of China
| | - Suliman Khan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Health Products of Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province/Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaser Gamallat
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyu Su
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, People's Republic of China
| | - Yazeed Jamalat
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Duan
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Health Products of Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province/Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lunguang Yao
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Health Products of Livestock and Poultry, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province/Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project of Henan Province, School of Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang, People's Republic of China
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Kuruppu AI, Paranagama P, Goonasekara CL. Medicinal plants commonly used against cancer in traditional medicine formulae in Sri Lanka. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:565-573. [PMID: 31061626 PMCID: PMC6488922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a global burden. In low- and middle-income countries around 70% of deaths are due to cancer. For a number of years natural products have been a good source of agents for combatting cancer and plants have played a huge role in anti-cancer product development. For many centuries, indigenous cultures around the world have used traditional herbal medicine to treat a myriad of diseases including cancer. In Sri Lanka, a number of plants have been reported to have anti-cancer properties and some of the commonly used plants are described in this review with an account of their compounds and modes of action. Only a small number of the plants in Sri Lanka have been tested for their bioactivity and more research is required to determine their medicinal activity with the aim of developing novel drugs to fight this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchala I Kuruppu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
| | - Priyani Paranagama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka.,Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Charitha L Goonasekara
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
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Li C, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Yan W, Si C, Lee MH, Li Z. Inhibitory Effects of the Extracts of Juglans sigillata Green Husks on the Proliferation, Migration and Survival of KYSE150 and EC9706 Human Esophageal Cancer Cell Lines. Nutr Cancer 2019; 71:149-158. [PMID: 30633592 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1557223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Li
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Wenqiang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chuanling Si
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Mong-Hong Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhigang Li
- Tianjin Institute of Acute Abdominal Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
- Cancer Center of Minimally Invasive and Comprehensive Therapy, Hainan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou City, P.R. China
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MICONIDINE acetate, a new selective and cytotoxic compound with synergic potential, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:912-922. [PMID: 30569243 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Plants are important sources of biologically active compounds and they provide unlimited opportunities for the discovery and development of new drug leads, including new chemotherapeutics. Miconidin acetate (MA) is a hydroquinone derivative isolated from E. hiemalis. In this study we demonstrated that MA was cytotoxic against acute leukemia (AL), solid tumor cells and cancer stem cells, with the strongest effect exhibited against AL. Furthermore, it was non-cytotoxic against non-tumor cells and did not cause significant hemolysis. MA blocks the G2/M phase and causes cytostatic effects, acting in a similar way to dexamethasone by increasing PML expression. The compound also triggered intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis by modulating Bax, FasR and survivin expression. This led to an extensive mitochondrial damage that resulted in AIF, cytochrome c and endonuclease G release, caspase-3 and PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation. We have further demonstrated that MA was strongly cytotoxic against neoplastic cells collected from patients with different AL subtypes. Interestingly, MA increased the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutics cytarabine and vincristine. This study indicates that MA may be a new agent for AL and highlights its potential as a new source of anticancer drugs. Graphical abstract MA blocks G2/M phase with PML expression and KI67 inhibition, ROS generation and intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, leading to mitochondrial damage, caspase 3 and PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation.
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Ding C, Tang W, Fan X, Wu G. Intestinal microbiota: a novel perspective in colorectal cancer biotherapeutics. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:4797-4810. [PMID: 30147331 PMCID: PMC6097518 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s170626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that genetic factors, immune system dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota (IM) dysbiosis contribute to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The beneficial role played by the direct regulation of IM in inflammatory bowel disease treatment is identified by the decreased growth of harmful bacteria and the increased production of anti-inflammatory factors. Interestingly, gut microbiota has been proven to inhibit tumor formation and progression in inflammation/carcinogen-induced CRC mouse models. Recently, evidence has indicated that IM is involved in the negative regulation of tumor immune response in tumor microenvironment, which then abolishes or accelerates anticancer immunotherapy in several tumor animals. In clinical trials, a benefit of IM-based CRC therapies in improving the intestinal immunity balance, epithelial barrier function, and quality of life has been reported. Meanwhile, specific microbiota signature can modulate host's sensitivity to chemo-/radiotherapy and the prognosis of CRC patients. In this review, we aim to 1) summarize the potential methods of IM-based therapeutics according to the recent results; 2) explore its roles and underlying mechanisms in combination with other therapies, especially in biotherapeutics; 3) discuss its safety, deficiency, and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Ding
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Wendong Tang
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Xiaobo Fan
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guoqiu Wu
- Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
- Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China,
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Alamgir ANM. Secondary Metabolites: Secondary Metabolic Products Consisting of C and H; C, H, and O; N, S, and P Elements; and O/N Heterocycles. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-92387-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Synergistic anticancer effect of combined crocetin and cisplatin on KYSE-150 cells via p53/p21 pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:98. [PMID: 29093644 PMCID: PMC5663096 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than 400,000 patients die from esophageal cancer annually. Considerable efforts have been made to develop new and effective treatments, one of which is directed toward herbal medication. Crocetin is a natural carotenoid dicarboxylic acid isolated from the Chinese herb saffron. We recently reported on the anticancer effects of saffron. This study aimed to determine whether crocetin combined cisplatin has synergistic effect in KYSE-150 cells and explore the underlying mechanism. Methods KYSE-150 cells were treated with crocetin and/or cisplatin. The effects on cell viability, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as well as the expression levels of PI3K/AKT, MAPKs, p53/p21, and apoptosis-related protein were evaluated. MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, Rh123 staining, and Western blot analysis were used. Results The cell proliferation significantly decreased and cell apoptosis was induced with combined crocetin and cisplatin, compared with either crocetin only or cisplatin only. The outcome suggested that crocetin combined cisplatin has synergistic effects on inhibition of cell proliferation and pro-apoptotic effect of cisplatin on KYSE-150 cells. Disruption of MMP, upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 expression, and downregulation of Bcl-2 occurred in the group treated with combined treatment. No significant differences in p-PI3K, p-AKT, and MAPKs activity were indicated between combined treatment group and the individual treatment group. However, the expression levels of p53 and p21 were markedly higher in the combined treatment group than in the individual treatment group. The wild-type p53 inhibitor, PFT-α suppressed the overexpression of p53/p21 and the synergistic effect induced by the combination of crocetin and cisplatin. Conclusions We concluded that crocetin combined with cisplatin exerts a synergistic anticancer effect by up-regulating the p53/p21 pathway.
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Chen J, Huang J, Li JV, Lv Y, He Y, Zheng Q. The Characteristics of TCM Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of ClinicalTrials.gov. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:9461415. [PMID: 29138646 PMCID: PMC5613643 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9461415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to characterize current status of global TCM clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. METHODS We examined all the trials registered within ClinicalTrials.gov up to 25 September 2015, focusing on study interventions to identify TCM-related trials, and extracted 1,270 TCM trials from the data set. RESULTS Overall, 691 (54.4%) trials were acupuncture, and 454 (35.8%) trials were herbal medicines. Differences in TCM trial intervention types were also evident among the specific therapeutic areas. Among all trials, 55.7% that were small studies enrolled <100 subjects, and only 8.7% of completed studies had reported results of trials. As for the location, the United States was second to China in conducting the most TCM trials. CONCLUSION This review is the first snapshot of the landscape of TCM clinical trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, providing the basis for treatment and prevention of diseases within TCM and offering useful information that will guide future research on TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Chen
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jihan Huang
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jordan V. Li
- Medical Science & Computing, LLC, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Yinghua Lv
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yingchun He
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qingshan Zheng
- Center for Drug Clinical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Pumiputavon K, Chaowasku T, Saenjum C, Osathanunkul M, Wungsintaweekul B, Chawansuntati K, Wipasa J, Lithanatudom P. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by methanolic leaves extracts of four Annonaceae plants. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:294. [PMID: 28583139 PMCID: PMC5460496 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1811-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Uvaria longipes (Craib) L.L.Zhou, Y.C.F.Su & R.M.K.Saunders, Artabotrys burmanicus A.DC, Marsypopetalum modestum (Pierre) B.Xue & R.M.K.Saunders and Dasymaschalon sp. have been used for traditional medicine to treat cancer-like symptoms in some ethnic groups of Thailand and Laos. Methods We evaluated the anti-cancer activity of these Annonaceae plants against several human cancer cell lines. The apoptosis induction was detected by Annexin/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Phytochemical screening was tested by standard protocols and bioactive compounds were determined by HPLC. Results The crude extracts from leaves of U. longipes, Dasymaschalon sp., A. burmanicus, and M. modestum showed particular effects that were found to vary depending on the cancer cell line, suggesting that the effect was in a cell-type specific manner. Interestingly, the induction of apoptotic cell death was prominent by the leaves-derived crude extract of M. modestum. This crude was, therefore, subjected to cell cycle analysis by PI staining. Results showed that this crude extract arrested cell cycle and increased the percentage of cells in the SubG1 phase in some cancer cell lines. The phytochemical screening tests indicated that all crude extracts contained tannins and flavonoids. HPLC of flavonoids using standards identified rutin as an active compound in U. longipes and Dasymaschalon sp., whereas quercetin was found in U. longipes and M. modestum. Conclusions These crude extracts provide a new source for rutin and quercetin, which might be capable of inducing cancer cell apoptotic death in a cell-type specific manner. This suggests, by analyzing the major bioactive compounds, the potential use of these crudes for chemotherapy in the future.
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Afifi FU, Kasabri V, Litescu S, Abaza IF, Tawaha K. Phytochemical and Biological Evaluations of Arum hygrophilum Boiss. (Araceae). Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:275-280. [PMID: 28539721 PMCID: PMC5421426 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.204551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Arum hygrophilum is a traditional medicinal plant indigenous to Jordan. The present study explores its phytochemistry, antioxidative, antidiabesity, and antiproliferative potentialities. Materials and Methods: Column chromatography and HPLC-MS analysis were used for its phytochemical evaluation. Using leaf crude water and ethanol extracts, the antioxidative capacities, their modulation of pancreatic β-cell proliferation, and insulin secretion as well as glucose diffusion and enzymatic bioassays were evaluated. Results: Three flavonoids (luteolin, isoorientin, and vitexin) and β-sitosterol have been isolated and their structures determined. HPLC-MS analysis of the ethanol extract further revealed the presence of caffeic, ferulic, gallic, and rosmarinic acids and quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside. The ethanol extract exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and antioxidative capacities. A. hygrophilum (1), vitexin (2), and rosmarinic acid (3) inhibited pancreatic lipase (PL) dose dependently with PL-IC50 (µg/mL) values in an ascending order: (3); 51.28 ± 7.55 < (2); 260.9 ± 21.1 < (1); 1720 ± 10. Comparable to GLP-1-enhanced β-cell proliferation in 2-day treatment wells, a dose-dependent augmentation of BrdU incorporation was obtained with the A. hygrophilum aqueous extract (AE) (0.5 and 1 mg/mL, with respective 1.33- and 1.41-folds, P < 0.001). A. hygrophilum AE was identified as an inhibitor of α-amylase/α-glucosidase with IC50 value of 30.5 ± 2.1 mg/mL but lacked antiproliferative effects in colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT116, and SW620) and insulinotropic effects in β-cell line MIN6. Conclusion: A. hygrophilum extracts inhibited gastrointestinal enzymes involved in carbohydrate and lipid digestion and absorption. SUMMARY Phytochemical evaluation of Arum hygrophilum recovered flavonoids (luteolin, isoorientin and vitexin) and β-sitosterol HPLC-MS analysis of its antioxidative ethanol extract further revealed the presence of caffeic-, ferulic-, gallic- and rosmarinic acids and quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside A. hygrophilum inhibited α-amylase/α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase dose-dependently A. hygrophilum augmented β-cell proliferation dose dependently, but it lacked antiproliferative effects in colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29, HCT116, and SW620) and insulinotropic effects in β-cell line MIN6
Abbreviations used: ABTS: 2,2’-Azino-Bis-3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid, AE: Aqueous Extract, ANOVA: Analysis Of Variance, AUC: Area Under Curve, BrdU: 5-Bromo-2’-Deoxyuridine, DPPH: 2,2-Diphenyl -1-Pycriylhydrazyl, ELISA: Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay, GLP1: Glucagon Like Peptide 1, GSIS: Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion, HPLC-MS: High Performance Liquid Chromatography –Mass Spectrometry, IC50: 50% Inhibitory Concentration, KRH: Krebs/Ringer/Hepes, MTT: 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide, OGTT: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, ORAC: Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity, OSTT: Oral Starch Tolerance Test, PL: Pancreatic Lipase, SEM: Standard Error Of The Mean, SRB: Sulforhodamine B, TEAC: Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity, TLC: Thin Layer Chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma U Afifi
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Violet Kasabri
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Simona Litescu
- National Institute for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ismail F Abaza
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khalid Tawaha
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Lu J, Xu J, Shi Q. Effect of ethanol extract of HPRS, a Traditional Chinese Medicine formula, on HCT116 cell Line. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2016; 36:760-7. [PMID: 29949709 DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the effects of ethanol extract of Hupiruisu Fang (HPRS), a
formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, on HCT116 cell line. METHODS MKN45, A549, Hela and HCT116 cells were treated with ethanol extract of HPRS alone or
the extract plus 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) for 48 h, and then the cell viabilities were measured using CCK-8
Kit. The early apoptosis rate and total apoptosis rate in both HCT116 cells were evaluated by flow
cytometry. The mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes including caspase-3, caspase-8, Bcl2 and Bax were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lastly, the protein activities
and expressions of those apoptosis related genes were observed for further verifying the pro-apoptosis
of the extract of HPRS. RESULTS Ethanol extract of HPRS could significantly induce apoptosis in HCT116 cell line. Synergistic
analysis revealed that the extract exhibited a significant effect upon 5-FU-associated cytotoxicity in the
cell line. CONCLUSION The ethanol extract of HPRS plus 5-FU might have the potential to improve the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Singh S, Awasthi M, Pandey VP, Dwivedi UN. Plant derived anti-cancerous secondary metabolites as multipronged inhibitor of COX, Topo, and aromatase: molecular modeling and dynamics simulation analyses. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:3082-3097. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1241720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manika Awasthi
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Veda P. Pandey
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Upendra N. Dwivedi
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jeong MK, Cho CK, Yoo HS. General and Genetic Toxicology of Enzyme-Treated Ginseng Extract: Toxicology of Ginseng Rh2. J Pharmacopuncture 2016; 19:213-224. [PMID: 27695630 PMCID: PMC5043085 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2016.19.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ginseng Rh2+ is enzyme-treated ginseng extract containing high amounts of converted ginsenosides, such as compound k, Rh2, Rg3, which have potent anticancer activity. We conducted general and genetic toxicity tests to evaluate the safety of ginseng Rh2+. METHODS An acute oral toxicity test was performed at a high-level dose of 4,000 mg/kg/day in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. A 14-day range-finding study was also conducted to set dose levels for the 90-day study. A subchronic 90-day toxicity study was performed at dose levels of 1,000 and 2,000 mg/kg/day to investigate the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of ginseng Rh2+ and target organs. To identify the mutagenic potential of ginseng Rh2+, we conducted a bacterial reverse mutation test (Ames test) using amino-acid-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli (E. coli), a chromosome aberration test with Chinese hamster lung (CHL) cells, and an in vivo micronucleus test using ICR mice bone marrow as recommended by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. RESULTS According to the results of the acute oral toxicity study, the approximate lethal dose (ALD) of ginseng Rh2+ was estimated to be higher than 4,000 mg/kg. For the 90-day study, no toxicological effect of ginseng Rh2+ was observed in body-weight changes, food consumption, clinical signs, organ weights, histopathology, ophthalmology, and clinical pathology. The NOAEL of ginseng Rh2+ was established to be 2,000 mg/kg/day, and no target organ was found in this test. In addition, no evidence of mutagenicity was found either on the in vitro genotoxicity tests, including the Ames test and the chromosome aberration test, or on the in vivo in mice bone marrow micronucleus test. CONCLUSION On the basis of our findings, ginseng Rh2+ is a non-toxic material with no genotoxicity. We expect that ginseng Rh2+ may be used as a novel adjuvant anticancer agent that is safe for long-term administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Kyung Jeong
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Rather RA, Malik VS, Trikha D, Bhat O, Dhawan V. Aqueous Terminalia arjuna extract modulates expression of key atherosclerosis-related proteins in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit: A proteomic-based study. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:750-759. [PMID: 26934842 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study evaluates the effect of an aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna (aqTAE) on protein expression in aortic plaques of hypercholesterolemic rabbits using a proteomic approach. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty male New Zealand rabbits (n = 6) were employed as Gp1 (stock diet); Gp2 (high-fat diet [HFD]); Gp3 (stock diet + aqTAE); Gp4 (HFD + aqTAE); and Gp5 (HFD + atorvastatin) and followed for 6 months. Protein lysates of aortic tissues were separated by 2DE and proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/MS. RESULTS Serum lipids were found to be significantly increased by an HFD and reduced by aqTAE both at 3 and 6 months (Gp4 vs. Gp2; p < 0.05). Total 79 spots were differentially expressed, among which 60 individual proteins were identified, 31 grouped as atherosclerosis-related proteins and 29 classified as others. aqTAE significantly attenuated the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor α, cyclooxygenase-2, MMP-9, HSP60, ICAM-5, Endothelin-3, Vimentin, Protein S100-A9 besides others. Many of the observed proteins are known to be consistently associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, plaque rupture, and immune imbalance. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Strong hypolipidemic effects of aqTAE and attenuation of these signature atherogenic biomarkers using proteomics highlights the fact that aqTAE may be useful in the prevention and management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyaz Ahmad Rather
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vivek Singh Malik
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dimple Trikha
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Owais Bhat
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Veena Dhawan
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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In silico identification of anti-cancer compounds and plants from traditional Chinese medicine database. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25462. [PMID: 27145869 PMCID: PMC4857115 DOI: 10.1038/srep25462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a constant demand to develop new, effective, and affordable anti-cancer drugs. The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a valuable and alternative resource for identifying novel anti-cancer agents. In this study, we aim to identify the anti-cancer compounds and plants from the TCM database by using cheminformatics. We first predicted 5278 anti-cancer compounds from TCM database. The top 346 compounds were highly potent active in the 60 cell lines test. Similarity analysis revealed that 75% of the 5278 compounds are highly similar to the approved anti-cancer drugs. Based on the predicted anti-cancer compounds, we identified 57 anti-cancer plants by activity enrichment. The identified plants are widely distributed in 46 genera and 28 families, which broadens the scope of the anti-cancer drug screening. Finally, we constructed a network of predicted anti-cancer plants and approved drugs based on the above results. The network highlighted the supportive role of the predicted plant in the development of anti-cancer drug and suggested different molecular anti-cancer mechanisms of the plants. Our study suggests that the predicted compounds and plants from TCM database offer an attractive starting point and a broader scope to mine for potential anti-cancer agents.
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Singh S, Awasthi M, Pandey VP, Dwivedi UN. Lipoxygenase directed anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous secondary metabolites: ADMET-based screening, molecular docking and dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:657-668. [PMID: 26942689 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1159985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOXs), key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, are well known to participate in the inflammatory and immune responses. With the recent reports of involvement of 5-LOX (one of the isozymes of LOX in human) in cancer, there is a need to find out selective inhibitors of 5-LOX for their therapeutic application. In the present study, plant-derived 300 anti-inflammatory and anti-cancerous secondary metabolites (100 each of alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids) have been screened for their pharmacokinetic properties and subsequently docked for identification of potent inhibitors of 5-LOX. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed that only 18 alkaloids, 26 flavonoids, and 9 terpenoids were found to fulfill all the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity descriptors as well as those of Lipinski's Rule of Five. Docking analyses of pharmacokinetically screened metabolites and their comparison with a known inhibitor (drug), namely zileuton revealed that only three alkaloids, six flavonoids and three terpenoids were found to dock successfully with 5-LOX with the flavonoid, velutin being the most potent inhibitor among all. The results of the docking analyses were further validated by performing molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy calculations for the complexes of 5-LOX with velutin, galangin, chrysin (in order of LibDock scores), and zileuton. The data revealed stabilization of all the complexes within 15 ns of simulation with velutin complex exhibiting least root-mean-square deviation value (.285 ± .007 nm) as well as least binding energy (ΔGbind = -203.169 kJ/mol) as compared to others during the stabilization phase of simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- a Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry , University of Lucknow , Lucknow 226007 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Manika Awasthi
- a Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry , University of Lucknow , Lucknow 226007 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Veda P Pandey
- a Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry , University of Lucknow , Lucknow 226007 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Upendra N Dwivedi
- a Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry , University of Lucknow , Lucknow 226007 , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Ginseng alleviates cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity via reversing disordered homeostasis of glutathione and bile acid. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17536. [PMID: 26625948 PMCID: PMC4667192 DOI: 10.1038/srep17536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CP), a chemotherapeutic agent, is restricted due to its side effects, especially hepatotoxicity. Ginseng has often been clinically used with CP in China, but whether and how ginseng reduces the hepatotoxicity is unknown. In this study, the hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms under the combined usage were investigated. It was found that ginseng could ameliorate CP-induced elevations of ALP, ALT, ALS, MDA and hepatic deterioration, enhance antioxidant enzymes’ activities and GSH’s level. Metabolomics study revealed that 33 endogenous metabolites were changed by CP, 19 of which were reversed when ginseng was co-administrated via two main pathways, i.e., GSH metabolism and primary bile acids synthesis. Furthermore, ginseng could induce expression of GCLC, GCLM, GS and GST, which associate with the disposition of GSH, and expression of FXR, CYP7A1, NTCP and MRP 3, which play important roles in the synthesis and transport of bile acids. In addition, NRF 2, one of regulatory elements on the expression of GCLC, GCLM, GS, GST, NTCP and MRP3, was up-regulated when ginseng was co-administrated. In conclusion, ginseng could alleviate CP-induced hepatotoxicity via modulating the disordered homeostasis of GSH and bile acid, which might be mediated by inducing the expression of NRF 2 in liver.
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States. Angiogenesis inhibitors have been introduced for the treatment of cancer. Based on the fact that many anticancer agents have been developed from botanical sources, there is a significant untapped resource to be found in natural products. American ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in the U.S., which possesses antioxidant properties. After oral ingestion, natural ginseng saponins are biotransformed to their metabolites by the enteric microbiome before being absorbed. The major metabolites, ginsenoside Rg3 and compound K, showed significant potent anticancer activity compared to that of their parent ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, and Rd. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of ginseng metabolites on cancer chemoprevention, especially apoptosis and angiogenic inhibition, are discussed. Ginseng gut microbiome metabolites showed significant anti-angiogenic effects on pulmonary, gastric and ovarian cancers. This review suggests that in addition to the chemopreventive effects of ginseng compounds, as angiogenic inhibitors, ginsenoside metabolites could be used in combination with other cancer chemotherapeutic agents in cancer management.
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Wang CZ, Moss J, Yuan CS. Commonly Used Dietary Supplements on Coagulation Function during Surgery. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 2:157-185. [PMID: 26949700 PMCID: PMC4777343 DOI: 10.3390/medicines2030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who undergo surgery appear to use dietary supplements significantly more frequently than the general population. Because they contain pharmacologically active compounds, dietary supplements may affect coagulation and platelet function during the perioperative period through direct effects, pharmacodynamic interactions, and pharmacokinetic interactions. However, in this regard, limited studies have been conducted that address the pharmacological interactions of dietary supplements. To avoid possible bleeding risks during surgery, information of potential complications of dietary supplements during perioperative management is important for physicians. METHODS Through a systematic database search of all available years, articles were identified in this review if they included dietary supplements and coagulation/platelet function, while special attention was paid to studies published after 1990. RESULTS Safety concerns are reported in commercially available dietary supplements. Effects of the most commonly used natural products on blood coagulation and platelet function are systematically reviewed, including 11 herbal medicines (echinacea, ephedra, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, ginseng, green tea, kava, saw palmetto, St John's wort, and valerian) and 4 other dietary supplements (coenzyme Q10, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, fish oil, and vitamins). Bleeding risks of garlic, ginkgo, ginseng, green tea, saw palmetto, St John's wort, and fish oil are reported. Cardiovascular instability was observed with ephedra, ginseng, and kava. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions between dietary supplements and drugs used in the perioperative period are discussed. CONCLUSIONS To prevent potential problems associated with the use of dietary supplements, physicians should be familiar with the perioperative effects of commonly used dietary supplements. Since the effects of dietary supplements on coagulation and platelet function are difficult to predict, it is prudent to advise their discontinuation before surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-773-702-0166; Fax: +1-773-834-0601
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42
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Wang CZ, Zhang Z, Anderson S, Yuan CS. Natural products and chemotherapeutic agents on cancer: prevention vs. treatment. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 42:1555-8. [PMID: 25482675 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1420002x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural products play an important role in cancer therapeutics, and lately more attentions have been paid to the prevention of major lethal malignancies, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). After oral ingestion, botanicals' parent compounds can be converted to their metabolites by the enteric microbiome, and these metabolites may have different bioactivities and variable bioavailability. In this study, we used an active ginseng metabolite, protopanaxadiol (PPD), as an example to assess its colon cancer preventive effect by comparing its effect with the treatment effect of fluorouracil (5-FU). A xenograft tumor nude mouse model with human colon cancer cell inoculation was used. After preventive PPD or treatment 5-FU administration with the same dose (30 mg/kg), tumor growth inhibition was evaluated by both a Xenogen bioluminescence imaging technique and manual tumor size measurement. Our data showed that preventive PPD very significantly inhibited the tumor growth compared to 5-FU (p < 0.01). Our data suggest that the PPD is a promising cancer prevention agent. More studies are needed to explore the chemopreventive actions of PPD and its potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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43
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A strategy for the identification of combinatorial bioactive compounds contributing to the holistic effect of herbal medicines. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198093 PMCID: PMC4510521 DOI: 10.1038/srep12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well claimed that herbal medicines (HMs) elicit effects via a multi-compounds and multi-targets synergistic mode. However, it lacks appropriate strategies to uncover the combinatory compounds that take effect together and contribute to a certain pharmacological effect of an herb as a whole, which represents a major bottleneck in providing sound evidence in supporting the clinic benefits of HMs. Here, we proposed a strategy to the identification of combinatory compounds contributing to the anti-inflammatory activity of Cardiotonic Pill (CP). The strategy proposed herein contains four core steps, including the identification of bioequivalent combinatorial compounds, chemical family classification-based combinatorial screen, interactive mode evaluation, and activity contribution index assay. Using this strategy, we have successfully identified six compounds in combination responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of CP, whose anti-inflammatory activities were found comparable to that of the whole CP. Additionally, these six compounds take effect via an additive mode but little synergism. This study, together with our recent work in the identification of bioactive equivalent compounds combination, provides a widely applicable strategy to the identification of combinatory compounds responsible for a certain pharmacological activity of HMs.
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Jiang SL, Liu HJ, Liu ZC, Liu N, Liu R, Kang YR, Ji JG, Zhang C, Hua BJ, Kang SJ. Adjuvant effects of fermented red ginseng extract on advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 23:331-337. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhang H, Xu HL, Fu WW, Xin Y, Li MW, Wang SJ, Yu XF, Sui DY. 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol induces human breast cancer MCF-7 apoptosis through a caspase-mediated pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:7919-23. [PMID: 25292087 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a ginsenoside isolated from Pananx quinquefolium L., has been shown to inhibit growth and proliferation in several cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate its anticancer activity in human breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 20(S)-PPD and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Occurrence of apoptosis was detected by DAPI and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured with Rhodamine 123. The Bcl-2 and Bax expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Caspase activity was measured by colorimetric assay. 20(S)-PPD dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 33.3 μM at 24h. MCF-7 cells treated with 20(S)-PPD presented typical apoptosis, as observed by morphological analysis in cell stained with DAPI. The percentages of annexin V-FITC positive cells were 8.92%, 17.8%, 24.5% and 30.5% in MCF-7 cells treated with 0, 15, 30 and 60μM of 20(S)-PPD, respectively. Moreover, 20(S)-PPD could induce mitochondrial membrane potential loss, up-regulate Bax expression and down-regulate Bcl-2 expression. These events paralleled activation of caspase-9, -3 and PARP cleavage. Apoptosis induced by 20(S)-PPD was blocked by z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, suggesting induction of caspase-mediated apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, the 20(S)-PPD investigated is able to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce cancer cell death by a caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China E-mail : ,
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Kumar M, Kaur P, Kumar S, Kaur S. Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Inducing Effects of Non-Polar Fractions from Lawsonia inermis L. in Cervical (HeLa) Cancer Cells. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 21:249-60. [PMID: 25931778 PMCID: PMC4411381 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-015-0285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two non-polar fractions viz. hexane (Hex-LI) and chloroform fraction (CHCl3-LI) of Lawsonia inermis were studied for their antiproliferative potential in various cancer cell lines viz. HeLa, MCF-7, A549 and C6 glioma cells. Both the fractions showed more than 60 % of growth inhibition in all the tested cell lines at highest tested concentration. In clonogenic assay, different concentrations of Hex-LI and CHCl3-LI decreased the number and size of colonies as compared to control in HeLa cells. The apoptotic effects as nuclear condensation, fragmentation were visualized with Hoechst-33342 staining of HeLa cells using confocal microscope. Both fractions induced apoptotic cell death in human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells as evident from flow cytometric analysis carried out using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide dyes. CHCl3-LI treated cells significantly induced apoptosis (25.43 %) in comparison to control. Results from Neutral Comet assay demonstrated that both fractions induced double stranded breaks (DSB's) in HeLa cells. Our data indicated that Hex-LI and CHCl3-LI treated cells showed significant increase of 32.2 and 18.56 % reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in DCFH-DA assay respectively. Further, experimental studies to decipher exact pathway via which these fractions induce cell death are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Paramjeet Kaur
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- />Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- />Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005 Punjab India
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Lindkær-Jensen S, Larsen S, Habib-Lindkær-Jensen N, Fagertun HE. Positive effects on hematological and biochemical imbalances in patients with metastatic breast cancer stage IV, of BP-C1, a new anticancer substance. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:1481-90. [PMID: 25792808 PMCID: PMC4364592 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s80451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A benzene-poly-carboxylic acid complex with cis-diammineplatinum(II) dihydrocholride, BP-C1 is currently used in clinical trials in treating metastatic breast cancer. BP-C1 controls tumor growth with a few mild side-effects, improving quality of life. METHODS The data consisted of prospectively collected laboratory results from 47 patients in two controlled clinical trials of daily intramuscular injections of BP-C1 for 32 days. Study I was performed as an open, nonrandomized, Phase I dose-response, multicenter study with a three-level, between-patient, response surface pathway design. The second study was a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled, multicenter study with a stratified semi-crossover design. RESULTS Hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) increased significantly (P<0.01) during BP-C1 treatment, while red blood cell (RBC) count increased but not significantly. The most pronounced increase in Hb, RBC, Hct, and white blood cell (WBC) was in anemic patients (P≤0.01). WBC count and neutrophils increased significantly (P=0.01) in the overall data. WBCs and neutrophils (P<0.01), eosinophils (P=0.05) and monocytes (P<0.01) increased significantly and markedly in patients with lowest baseline levels. Additionally, low levels of thrombocytes significantly increased. No changes in liver parameters, amylase, glucose, creatinine, or albumin, were detected except for albumin in the subgroup with low baseline levels, where levels increased significantly (P=0.04). An increase in K(+), Ca(2+), and PO4 (3-) was most pronounced in patients with low baseline levels (P≤0.02). A similar pattern detected for Mg(2+), prothrombin time (PT), coagulation factors II, VII, X (KFNT), and C-reactive protein (CRP), which increased significantly (P≤0.05) in the groups with the lowest values. CONCLUSION Our findings support the safety profile of BP-C1 use in cancer patients. BP-C1 did not induce anemia, infection, bleeding, hepatic insufficiency or electrolyte imbalances. In contrast, BP-C1 corrected abnormalities. No hematological and biochemical toxicity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Lindkær-Jensen
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Stig Larsen
- Center of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science, Oslo, Norway
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Oh BS, Shin EA, Jung JH, Jung DB, Kim B, Shim BS, Yazdi MC, Iranshahi M, Kim SH. Apoptotic Effect of Galbanic Acid via Activation of Caspases and Inhibition of Mcl-1 in H460 Non-Small Lung Carcinoma Cells. Phytother Res 2015; 29:844-9. [PMID: 25753585 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Galbanic acid (GBA), a major compound of Ferula assafoetida, was known to have cytotoxic, anti-angiogenic and apoptotic effects in prostate cancer and murine Lewis lung cancer cells; the underling apoptotic mechanism of GBA still remains unclear so far. Thus, in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of GBA was investigated mainly in H460 non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells because H460 cells were most susceptible to GBA than A549, PC-9 and HCC827 NSCLC cells. Galbanic acid showed cytotoxicity in wild EGFR type H460 and A549 cells better than other mutant type PC-9 and HCC827 NSCLC cells. Also, GBA significantly increased the number of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positive cells and sub G1 population in H460 cells. Western blotting revealed that GBA cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), activated Bax and caspase 9, attenuated the expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl-1) in H460 cells. However, interestingly, overexpression of Mcl-1 blocked the ability of GBA to exert cytotoxicity, activate caspase9 and Bax, cleave PARP, and increase sub G1 accumulation in H460 cells. Overall, these findings suggest that GBA induces apoptosis in H460 cells via caspase activation and Mcl-1 inhibition in H460 cells as a potent anticancer agent for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Seok Oh
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Eun Ah Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Deok-Beom Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
| | - Mahsa Chitsazian Yazdi
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center and School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashad, Iran
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 131-701, Korea
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Chen J, Han H, Chen M, Xu XZ, Wang B, Shi LY. Inactivated Sendai virus strain Tianjin induces apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:5023-8. [PMID: 24998581 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sendai virus strain Tianjin is a novel genotype. Here, we investigate the antitumor and proapoptotic effects of ultraviolet-inactivated Sendai virus strain Tianjin (UV-Tianjin) on human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, as well as the involvement of the apoptotic pathway in the mechanism of UV-Tianjin-induced antitumor effects. MTT assays showed that treatment with UV-Tianjin dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of MDA- MB-231 cells but not normal MCF 10A breast epithelium cells. Hoechst staining and flow cytometric analysis revealed that UV-Tianjin induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, UV-Tianjin treatment resulted in reduction in the mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and release of cytochrome complex (cyt c) via regulation of Bax and Bcl-2, as well as activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, Fas, FasL and caspase-8 in MDA-MB-231 cells. In summary, our study suggests that UV-Tianjin exhibits anticancer activity in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through inducing apoptosis, which may involve both the endogenous mitochondrial and exogenous death receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China E-mail :
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50
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Wang CY, Bai XY, Wang CH. Traditional Chinese medicine: a treasured natural resource of anticancer drug research and development. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:543-59. [PMID: 24871650 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To discover and develop novel natural compounds, active ingredients, single herbs and combination formulas or prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with therapeutic selectivity that can preferentially kill cancer cells and inhibit the amplification of cancer without significant toxicity is an important area in cancer therapy. A lot of valuable TCMs were applied as alternative or complementary medicines in the United States and Europe. But these TCMs, as one of the main natural resources, were widely used to research and develop new drugs in Asia. In TCMs, some specific herbs, animals, minerals and combination formulas were recorded and exploited due to their active ingredients and specific natural compounds with antitumor activities. The article focused on the antitumor properties of natural compounds and combination formulas or prescriptions in TCMs, described its influence on tumor progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and revealed its mechanisms of antitumor and inhibitory action. Among the nature compounds, triptolide, berberine, matrine, oxymatrine, kurarinone and deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) with specific molecular structures have been separated, purified, and evaluated their antitumor properties in vitro and in vivo. Cancer is a multifactorial and multistep disease, so the treatment effect of combination formulas and prescriptions in TCMs involving multi-targets and multi-signal pathways on tumor may be superior than that of agents targeting a single molecular target alone. Shi Quan Da Bu Tang and Yanshu injection, as well known combination formulas and prescriptions in TCMs, have shown an excellent therapeutic effect on cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yun Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
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