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Chandra S, Qureshi S, Chopra D, Shukla S, Patel SK, Singh J, Ray RS. UVR-induced phototoxicity mechanism of methyl N-methylanthranilate in human keratinocyte cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 80:105322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sarma A, Bania R, Devi JR, Deka S. Therapeutic nanostructures and nanotoxicity. J Appl Toxicol 2021; 41:1494-1517. [PMID: 33641187 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, with its continuous advancement, leads to the development of nanoscale-level therapeutics to mitigate many complex diseases. This results in the emergence of numerous novel nanomaterials and its composite products into the market such as liposome, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanostructured lipid carrier. However, their application is always determined by a high benefit to risk ratio. Very few research have been done on the toxicity assessment of nanoparticles in the biological system; therefore, the limited knowledge regarding the toxicity profile of nanotherapeutics is available leading to the ignorance of its side effects. Nanoparticles can distribute in the whole body through translocating in the bloodstream by crossing membrane barriers efficiently and shows effect in organs and tissues at cellular and molecular levels. The interaction of nanoparticle with cell may consequences into nanotoxicity. The narrow size distribution, large surface area to mass ratio and surface properties of nanoparticle are significantly associated with nanotoxicity. Nanoparticles can enter into the tissue and cell by invading the membranes and cause cellular injury as well as toxicity. Therefore, the exploration of mechanisms of nanotoxicity has prime importance now a day. The toxicity assessment should be an integral part of the development of nanotherapeutics using various toxicity evaluation models. This review has focused on the exploration of different nanostructures for therapeutic delivery system along with its physicochemical characteristics responsible for adverse effects on human biology, various toxicity evaluation models, and environmental and regulatory hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Ratnali Bania
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Juti Rani Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, India
| | - Satyendra Deka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Pratiksha Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guwahati, India
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3
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Li X, An R, Liang K, Wang X, You L. Phototoxicity of traditional chinese medicine (TCM). Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:1012-1019. [PMID: 30542599 DOI: 10.1039/c8tx00141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototoxicity can cause toxic responses such as edemas and lesions, and is one of the severe adverse effects that largely limit the use of these phototoxic drugs. Some traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their constituents have been reported to be phototoxic. However, to date, their phototoxicity information is still very limited, and lacks systemic investigation. This article presents the phototoxicity potential of various types of TCMs and their active components in an effort to provide valuable information for drug research and discovery to mitigate phototoxicity concerns. Some potential mechanisms of action (MoAs) of phototoxicity are discussed. In addition, in vivo and in vitro phototoxicity assays are summarized this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China .
| | - Rui An
- Department of Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China .
| | - Kun Liang
- Department of Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China .
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China .
| | - Lisha You
- Department of Chemistry , College of Pharmacy , Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , P.R. China .
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4
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Athmouni K, El Feki A, Ayadi H. Hepatotoxic effects of Euphol-rich fractions from Euphorbia bivonae-Relevance to cytotoxic and anti-tumor activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 26:69-76. [PMID: 30401578 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
These studies were designed to evaluate the preliminary oral toxicity profile of the crude ethanolic aerial part extract of E. bivonae in the Male albino Wistar rats and its active chemical constituents. The 24-h LD50 was determined using probit analysis method. The single dose LD50was found to be 2568.64 mg/kg bw when administrated orally in mice. Additionally, the Wistar rats were used to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of E. bivonae ethanolic extract. The serum biomarkers, lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in liver and histopathological analysis were investigated in normal and treated groups. Subchronic toxicity studies in rats with oral doses of 50, 150, 350 and 500 mg/kg body weight showed significant increase in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels. In addition, the administration of this extract significantly (p < 0.05) decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and an increment in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. Finally, we suggest that the three compounds of E. bivonae extract (sitosterol, euphol and lupeol) are the mainly responsible of this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Athmouni
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Plankktonology, University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Unit UR 11 ES 72/ Street of Soukra Km 3,5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia; University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, B.P. 95, 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Abdelfattah El Feki
- University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology, B.P. 95, 3000, Tunisia
| | - Habib Ayadi
- Department of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Aquatic Ecosystems, Ecology and Plankktonology, University of Sfax Tunisia, Faculty of Sciences, Unit UR 11 ES 72/ Street of Soukra Km 3,5, B.P. 1171, CP 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
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Yamashita H, Hoenerhoff MJ, Shockley KR, Peddada SD, Gerrish KE, Sutton D, Cummings CA, Wang Y, Julie FF, Behl M, Waidyanatha S, Sills RC, Pandiri AR. Reduced Disc Shedding and Phagocytosis of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Contributes to Kava Kava Extract-induced Retinal Degeneration in F344/N Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:564-573. [PMID: 29806545 DOI: 10.1177/0192623318778796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There was a significant increase in the incidence of retinal degeneration in F344/N rats chronically exposed to Kava kava extract (KKE) in National Toxicology Program (NTP) bioassay. A retrospective evaluation of these rat retinas indicated a similar spatial and morphological alteration as seen in light-induced retinal degeneration in albino rats. Therefore, it was hypothesized that KKE has a potential to exacerbate the light-induced retinal degeneration. To investigate the early mechanism of retinal degeneration, we conducted a 90-day F344/N rat KKE gavage study at doses of 0 and 1.0 g/kg (dose which induced retinal degeneration in the 2-year NTP rat KKE bioassay). The morphological evaluation indicated reduced number of phagosomes in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) of the superior retina. Transcriptomic alterations related to retinal epithelial homeostasis and melatoninergic signaling were observed in microarray analysis. Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segment by the underlying RPE is essential to maintain the homeostasis of the photoreceptor layer and is regulated by melatonin signaling. Therefore, reduced photoreceptor outer segment disc shedding and subsequent lower number of phagosomes in the RPE and alterations in the melatonin pathway may have contributed to the increased incidences of retinal degeneration observed in F344/N rats in the 2-year KKE bioassay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiro Yamashita
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,2 Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.,6 In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Keith R Shockley
- 3 Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Shyamal D Peddada
- 3 Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin E Gerrish
- 4 Molecular Genomics Core Laboratory, NIEHS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deloris Sutton
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Yu Wang
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Foley F Julie
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mamta Behl
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suramya Waidyanatha
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert C Sills
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Arun R Pandiri
- 1 National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Ketola RA, Viinamäki J, Rasanen I, Pelander A, Goebeler S. Fatal kavalactone intoxication by suicidal intravenous injection. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 249:e7-11. [PMID: 25684328 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kavalactones are a group of compounds found in kava, a beverage or extract prepared from the rhizome of the kava plant (Piper methysticum). Traditionally kava extracts have been used for their anxiolytic and sedative properties. Sales of kava extracts were severely restricted or prohibited in European countries in 2002 following several cases of serious hepatotoxicity. Here we report a case where high concentrations of kavalactones and ethanol were detected in post mortem femoral blood. An injection needle with a 10-mL syringe containing 7.5 mL of slightly yellowish liquid was found next to the victim, and there were numerous needle prints on both lower arms following the venous tracks. No evidence of other cause of death was found in the medico-legal investigation. The case was therefore classified as suicide using an injection of kavalactones intravenously together with alcohol poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo A Ketola
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, P.O. Box 40, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jenni Viinamäki
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, P.O. Box 40, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilpo Rasanen
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, P.O. Box 40, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Pelander
- University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, P.O. Box 40, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sirkka Goebeler
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Department of Forensic Medicine, P.O. Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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Wu PS, Huang LN, Guo YC, Lin CC. Effects of the novel poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-encapsulated organic ultraviolet (UV) filters on the UV absorbance and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 131:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Fu PP, Xia Q, Hwang HM, Ray PC, Yu H. Mechanisms of nanotoxicity: generation of reactive oxygen species. J Food Drug Anal 2014; 22:64-75. [PMID: 24673904 PMCID: PMC9359151 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 690] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing field in the 21st century, and the commercial use of nanomaterials for novel applications is increasing exponentially. To date, the scientific basis for the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of most manufactured nanomaterials are not understood. The mechanisms underlying the toxicity of nanomaterials have recently been studied intensively. An important mechanism of nanotoxicity is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overproduction of ROS can induce oxidative stress, resulting in cells failing to maintain normal physiological redox-regulated functions. This in turn leads to DNA damage, unregulated cell signaling, change in cell motility, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and cancer initiation. There are critical determinants that can affect the generation of ROS. These critical determinants, discussed briefly here, include: size, shape, particle surface, surface positive charges, surface-containing groups, particle dissolution, metal ion release from nanometals and nanometal oxides, UV light activation, aggregation, mode of interaction with cells, inflammation, and pH of the medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA.
| | - Qingsu Xia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Huey-Min Hwang
- Department of Biology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Paresh C Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Xia Q, Yin JJ, Zhao Y, Wu YS, Wang YQ, Ma L, Chen S, Sun X, Fu PP, Yu H. UVA photoirradiation of nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-induction of reactive oxygen species and formation of lipid peroxides. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2013; 10:1062-84. [PMID: 23493032 PMCID: PMC3709304 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10031062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAHs) are a class of genotoxic environmental contaminants. We have long been interested in determining the mechanisms by which nitro-PAHs induce genotoxicity. Although the metabolic activation of nitro-PAHs leading to toxicological activities has been well studied, the photo-induced activation of nitro-PAHs has seldom been reported. In this paper, we report photo-induced lipid peroxidation by 19 nitro-PAHs. The results indicated that all but two of the nitro-PAHs can induce lipid peroxidation. Mechanistic studies suggest that lipid peroxidation by nitro-PAHs is mediated by free radicals generated in the reaction. There was no structural correlation between the nitro-PAHs and their ability to induce lipid peroxidation upon UVA irradiation, or between the HOMO-LUMO gap and the ability to cause lipid peroxidation. Most of the nitro-PAHs are less potent in terms of causing lipid peroxidation than their parent PAHs. The lack of correlation is attributed to the complex photophysics and photochemistry of the nitro-PAHs and the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsu Xia
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Jun J. Yin
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Yuewei Zhao
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Yuh-Sen Wu
- Hung Kuang University, Sha-Lu, Taichung, 443, Taiwan; E-Mail:
| | - Yu-Qui Wang
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Liang Ma
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Shoujun Chen
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Xin Sun
- National Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; E-Mail:
| | - Peter P. Fu
- National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA; E-Mails: (Q.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.-Q.W.); (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Hongtao Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Fu PP, Xia Q, Zhao Y, Wang S, Yu H, Chiang HM. Phototoxicity of herbal plants and herbal products. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2013; 31:213-255. [PMID: 24024520 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2013.824206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants are used by humans in daily life in many different ways, including as food, herbal medicines, and cosmetics. Unfortunately, many natural plants and their chemical constituents are photocytotoxic and photogenotoxic, and these phototoxic phytochemicals are widely present in many different plant families. To date, information concerning the phototoxicity and photogenotoxicity of many plants and their chemical constituents is limited. In this review, we discuss phototoxic plants and their major phototoxic constituents; routes of human exposure; phototoxicity of these plants and their constituents; general mechanisms of phototoxicity of plants and phototoxic components; and several representative phototoxic plants and their photoactive chemical constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fu
- a National Center for Toxicological Research , Jefferson , Arkansas , USA
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