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Sample HC, Twamley B, Senge MO. Structures of S-(pyridin-2-yl) 4-nitro-benzo-thio-ate, S-(pyridin-2-yl) 4-methyl-benzo-thio-ate and S-(pyridin-2-yl) 4-meth-oxy-benzo-thio-ate: building blocks for low-symmetry multifunctional tetra-pyrroles. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2023; 79:157-162. [PMID: 36909990 PMCID: PMC9993908 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989023001056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of three S-(pyridin-2-yl) benzo-thio-esters with varying para-phenyl substituents are presented, namely, S-(pyridin-2-yl) 4-nitro-benzo-thio-ate (1, C12H8N2O3S), S-(pyridin-2-yl) 4-methyl-benzo-thio-ate (2, C13H11NO2S) and S-(pyridin-2-yl) 4-meth-oxy-benzo-thio-ate (3, C13H11NO2S). This class of compounds are used in the mono-acyl-ation of pyrrolic species to yield multifunctional tetra-pyrroles. The structures presented herein are the first of their compound class. The dominant inter-actions present in this series are π-π stacking and C-H⋯O inter-actions, and as the para-phenyl motif changes from electron withdrawing (NO2, 1) to electron donating (OCH3, 3), changes are observed in the inter-actions present in the crystal packing, from predominant π-π stacking in 1 to exclusively C-H⋯O/N inter-actions (Car-yl-H⋯Ocarbon-yl, C-H⋯Ometh-oxy and Car-yl-H⋯Npyridine) in 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Sample
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, D02 R590, Dublin, Ireland
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Taniguchi M, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Beyond green with synthetic chlorophylls – Connecting structural features with spectral properties. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2022.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Kiraev SR, Mathieu E, Kovacs D, Wells JAL, Tomar M, Andres J, Borbas KE. Improved emission of Yb( iii) ions in triazacyclononane-based macrocyclic ligands compared to cyclen-based ones. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16596-16604. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02266d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Yb(iii) complexes were synthesised from ligands with a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) macrocyclic core. Tacn-based compounds equipped with 2 picolinate arms were more emissive than their tricarboxamide-cyclen analogues carrying the same antenna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salauat R. Kiraev
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emilie Mathieu
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Kovacs
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jordann A. L. Wells
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Monika Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Julien Andres
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Section, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), BCH 3311, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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Matsumoto N, Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Bioconjugatable synthetic chlorins rendered water-soluble with three PEG-12 groups via click chemistry. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorins provide many ideal features for use as red-region fluorophores but require molecular tailoring for solubilization in aqueous solution. A chlorin building-block bearing 18,18-dimethyl, 15-bromo and 10-[2,4,6-tris(propargyloxy)phenyl] substituents has been transformed via click chemistry with CH3(OCH2CH[Formula: see text]-N3 followed by Suzuki coupling with 3-(4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid, thereby installing a water-solubilization motif and a bioconjugatable handle, respectively. In toluene, [Formula: see text]-dimethylformamide (DMF) or water, the resulting facially encumbered free base chlorin exhibits characteristic chlorin absorption ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]412, 643 nm) and fluorescence ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]645 nm) spectra with only modest variation in fluorescence quantum yield ([Formula: see text] values (0.24, 0.25 and 0.19, respectively). The zinc chlorin derived therefrom exhibits similar spectral constancy ([Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]414 and 613 nm, [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]616 nm) and [Formula: see text] 0.094, 0.10 and 0.086 in the three solvents. The results together indicate the viability of the molecular design and synthetic methodology to create red-region fluorophores for use in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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Xiong R, Bornhof A, Arkhypchuk AI, Orthaber A, Borbas KE. Furan- and Thiophene-Based Auxochromes Red-shift Chlorin Absorptions and Enable Oxidative Chlorin Polymerizations. Chemistry 2017; 23:4089-4095. [PMID: 27859811 PMCID: PMC5396321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The de novo syntheses of chemically stable chlorins with five-membered heterocyclic (furane, thiophene, formylfurane and formylthiophene) substituents in selected meso- and β-positions are reported. Heterocycle incorporation in the 3- and 13-positions shifted the chlorin absorption and emission to the red (up to λem =680 nm), thus these readily incorporated substituents function analogously to auxochromes present in chlorophylls, for example, formyl and vinyl groups. Photophysical, theoretical and X-ray crystallographic experiments revealed small but significant differences between the behavior of the furan- and the thiophene-based auxochromes. Four regioisomeric bis-thienylchlorins (3,10; 3,13, 3,15 and 10,15) were oxidatively electropolymerized; the chlorin monomer geometry had a profound impact on the polymerization efficiency and the electrochemical properties of the resulting material. Chemical co-polymerization of 3,13-bis-thienylchlorin with 3-hexylthiophene yielded an organic-soluble red-emitting polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruisheng Xiong
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Anna‐Bea Bornhof
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
| | - K. Eszter Borbas
- Department of ChemistryÅngström LaboratoryUppsala University, Box 52375120UppsalaSweden
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Liu M, Chen CY, Mandal AK, Chandrashaker V, Evans-Storms RB, Pitner JB, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Bioconjugatable, PEGylated Hydroporphyrins for Photochemistry and Photomedicine. Narrow-Band, Red-Emitting Chlorins. NEW J CHEM 2016; 40:7721-7740. [PMID: 28154477 DOI: 10.1039/c6nj01154c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chromophores that absorb and emit in the red spectral region (600-700 nm), are water soluble, and bear a bioconjugatable tether are relatively rare yet would fulfill many applications in photochemistry and photomedicine. Here, three molecular designs have been developed wherein stable synthetic chlorins - analogues of chlorophylls - have been tailored with PEG groups for use in aqueous solution. The designs differ with regard to order of the installation (pre/post-formation of the chlorin macrocycle) and position of the PEG groups. Six PEGylated synthetic chlorins (three free bases, three zinc chelates) have been prepared, of which four are equipped with a bioconjugatable (carboxylic acid) tether. The most effective design for aqueous solubilization entails facial encumbrance where PEG groups project above and below the plane of the hydrophobic disk-like chlorin macrocycle. The chlorins possess strong absorption at ~400 nm (B band) and in the red region (Qy band); regardless of wavelength of excitation, emission occurs in the red region. Excitation in the ~400 nm region thus provides an effective Stokes shift of >200 nm. The four bioconjugatable water-soluble chlorins exhibit Qy absorption/emission in water at 613/614, 636/638, 698/700 and 706/710 nm. The spectral properties are essentially unchanged in DMF and water for the facially encumbered chlorins, which also exhibit narrow Qy absorption and emission bands (full-width-at-half maximum of each <25 nm). The water-solubility was assessed by absorption spectroscopy over the concentration range ~0.4 μM - 0.4 mM. One chlorin was conjugated to a mouse polyclonal IgG antibody for use in flow cytometry with compensation beads for proof-of-principle. The conjugate displayed a sharp signal when excited by a violet laser (405 nm) with emission in the 620-660 nm range. Taken together, the designs described herein augur well for development of a set of spectrally distinct chlorins with relatively sharp bands in the red region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Chih-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
| | - Amit Kumar Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889
| | | | | | | | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0403
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4889
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204
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Lindsey JS. De novo synthesis of gem-dialkyl chlorophyll analogues for probing and emulating our green world. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6534-620. [PMID: 26068531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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Jiang J, Yang E, Reddy KR, Niedzwiedzki DM, Kirmaier C, Bocian DF, Holten D, Lindsey JS. Synthetic bacteriochlorins bearing polar motifs (carboxylate, phosphonate, ammonium and a short PEG). Water-solubilization, bioconjugation, and photophysical properties. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00759c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A bacteriochlorin scaffold has been derivatized for life sciences applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry
- North Carolina State University
- Raleigh
- USA
| | - Eunkyung Yang
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University
- St. Louis
- USA
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