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Ge X, Peng L, Morse JC, Wang J, Zang H, Yang L, Sun C, Wang B. Phylogenomics resolves a 100-year-old debate regarding the evolutionary history of caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 201:108196. [PMID: 39278385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Trichoptera (caddisfly) phylogeny provides an interesting example of aquatic insect evolution, with rich ecological diversification, especially for underwater architecture. Trichoptera provide numerous critical ecosystem services and are also one of the most important groups of aquatic insects for assessing water quality. The phylogenetic relationships of Trichoptera have been debated for nearly a century. In particular, the phylogenetic position of the "cocoon-makers" within Trichoptera has long been contested. Here, we designed a universal single-copy orthologue and sets of ultraconserved element markers specific for Trichoptera for the first time. Simultaneously, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of Trichoptera based on genome data from 111 species, representing 29 families and 71 genera. Our phylogenetic inference clarifies the probable phylogenetic relationships of "cocoon-makers" within Integripalpia. Hydroptilidae is considered as the basal lineage within Integripalpia, and the families Glossosomatidae, Hydrobiosidae, and Rhyacophilidae formed a monophyletic clade, sister to the integripalpian subterorder Phryganides. The resulting divergence time and ancestral state reconstruction suggest that the most recent common ancestor of Trichoptera appeared in the early Permian and that diversification was strongly correlated with habitat change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ge
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lang Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - John C Morse
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Haoming Zang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianfang Yang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Changhai Sun
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Beixin Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Nessimian JL, Santos APM, Sampaio BHL, Dumas LL, Pes AM, Ferreira-Jr N. The Collapsible Light Trap: a portable Pennsylvania Light Trap for collecting aquatic insects. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230784. [PMID: 38985032 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A Collapsible Light Trap (CLT) for collecting insects, particularly aquatic insects, is described here. CLT is a modified Pennsylvania Light Trap with the advantage of being collapsible and lightweight to be carried in a small backpack and very easy to set up in the field. CLT is equipped with LED light strip wrapped around a PVC tube and can be connected to a regular 12 V / 7 Ah battery, running for more than 48 uninterrupted hours. Complete CLT weighs 0.8-1.0 kg, depending on the metal used, and the battery weighs around 2 kg, being easily transportable to more remote collecting areas. Over the years, CLTs have been used for collecting and describing the diversity of aquatic insects from Brazil, particularly caddisflies. Depending on the locality, only one trap for one night can collect over a thousand insect specimens and more than 200 individuals of caddisflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Luiz Nessimian
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia (LABENT), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, sala A1-107, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Allan Paulo M Santos
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Sistemática de Insetos (LabSIN), Av. Pasteur 458, sala 309A, Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Brunno Henrique L Sampaio
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia (LABENT), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, sala A1-107, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro L Dumas
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Laboratório de Insetos Aquáticos (LABIA), Rodovia BR 465, Km 7, Zona Rural, ICBS, sala 22D, 23890-000 Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Entomologia, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão Mourisco, sala 214, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Pes
- Programa Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGENT), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Coordenação de Biodiversidade (COBio), Laboratório de Citotaxonomia e Insetos Aquáticos (LACIA), Av. André Araújo 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Nelson Ferreira-Jr
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Entomologia (LABENT), Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, sala A1-107, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Frandsen PB, Holzenthal RW, Espeland M, Breinholt J, Thomas Thorpe JA, Simon S, Kawahara AY, Plotkin D, Hotaling S, Li Y, Nelson CR, Niehuis O, Mayer C, Podsiadlowski L, Donath A, Misof B, Moriarty Lemmon E, Lemmon A, Morse JC, Liu S, Pauls SU, Zhou X. Phylogenomics recovers multiple origins of portable case making in caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera), nature's underwater architects. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20240514. [PMID: 38955232 PMCID: PMC11285404 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2024.0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are among the most diverse groups of freshwater animals with more than 16 000 described species. They play a fundamental role in freshwater ecology and environmental engineering in streams, rivers and lakes. Because of this, they are frequently used as indicator organisms in biomonitoring programmes. Despite their importance, key questions concerning the evolutionary history of caddisflies, such as the timing and origin of larval case making, remain unanswered owing to the lack of a well-resolved phylogeny. Here, we estimated a phylogenetic tree using a combination of transcriptomes and targeted enrichment data for 207 species, representing 48 of 52 extant families and 174 genera. We calibrated and dated the tree with 33 carefully selected fossils. The first caddisflies originated approximately 295 million years ago in the Permian, and major suborders began to diversify in the Triassic. Furthermore, we show that portable case making evolved in three separate lineages, and shifts in diversification occurred in concert with key evolutionary innovations beyond case making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B. Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | | | - Marianne Espeland
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Sabrina Simon
- Rosenheim University of Applied Sciences, Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Akito Y. Kawahara
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Plotkin
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott Hotaling
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Yiyuan Li
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - C. Riley Nelson
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Oliver Niehuis
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Institute of Biology I (Zoology), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Mayer
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lars Podsiadlowski
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Donath
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernhard Misof
- Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn, Germany
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Alan Lemmon
- Department of Scientific Computing, Florida State University, Dirac Science Library, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - John C. Morse
- Department of Plant & Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Steffen U. Pauls
- LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Medina-Espinoza EF, Juen L, Calvão LB, Arellano Cruz G. Variations in the Odonata Assemblages: How Do the Dry Season and Water Bodies Influence Them? NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:630-640. [PMID: 38656590 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Diverse abiotic and biotic factors drive the ecological variation of communities across spatial and temporal dimensions. Within the Amazonian landscape, various freshwater environments exhibit distinct physicochemical characteristics. Thus, our study delved into the fluctuations of Odonata assemblages amidst distinct water bodies within Amazonia, encompassing two distinct climatic seasons. Comparative analysis was conducted on Odonata species diversity and assemblage composition across a blackwater pond, a lake, and a stream, spanning the initiation and culmination of the dry season in the southwestern Amazon region in Peru. Our methodology involved capturing adult Odonata using entomological nets on three separate occasions between 11:00 and 14:00 h for each water body in May (beginning of the dry season) and October (end of the dry season) of 2018. We also evaluated the influence of temperature, precipitation, and percent cloud cover on the abundance and richness of adult Odonata. Species richness and composition differed among the three water bodies in both periods of the dry season. No effect of the dry season periods on species richness and abundance was observed. However, except in the oxbow lake, the more abundant species were substituted to the end of the dry season. Our study highlights the influence of water body types on Odonata species diversity and composition. The effects of the sampling period during the dry season may not be immediately apparent in conventional diversity metrics, such as species richness and abundance. Instead, its effects manifest predominantly in the relative abundance of the species that compose these assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmy Fiorella Medina-Espinoza
- Depto de Entomología, Museo de Historia Natural, Univ Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Lima, Peru.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Lenize Batista Calvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Zoologia, Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Lab de Ecologia E Conservação (LABECO), Univ Federal Do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Germán Arellano Cruz
- Lab de Ecología de Artrópodos (LEA), Univ Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Lima, Perú
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von Gönner J, Gröning J, Grescho V, Neuer L, Gottfried B, Hänsch VG, Molsberger-Lange E, Wilharm E, Liess M, Bonn A. Citizen science shows that small agricultural streams in Germany are in a poor ecological status. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171183. [PMID: 38408653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural pesticides, nutrients, and habitat degradation are major causes of insect declines in lowland streams. To effectively conserve and restore stream habitats, standardized stream monitoring data and societal support for freshwater protection are needed. Here, we sampled 137 small stream monitoring sites across Germany, 83 % of which were located in agricultural catchments, with >900 citizen scientists in 96 monitoring groups. Sampling was carried out according to Water Framework Directive standards as part of the citizen science freshwater monitoring program FLOW in spring and summer 2021, 2022 and 2023. The biological indicator SPEARpesticides was used to assess pesticide exposure and effects based on macroinvertebrate community composition. Overall, 58 % of the agricultural monitoring sites failed to achieve a good ecological status in terms of macroinvertebrate community composition and indicated high pesticide exposure (SPEARpesticides status class: 29 % "moderate", 19 % "poor", 11 % "bad"). The indicated pesticide pressure in streams was related to the proportion of arable land in the catchment areas (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.001). Also with regards to hydromorphology, monitoring results revealed that 65 % of the agricultural monitoring sites failed to reach a good status. The database produced by citizen science groups was characterized by a high degree of accuracy, as results obtained by citizen scientists and professionals were highly correlated for SPEARpesticides index (R2 = 0.79, p < 0.001) and hydromorphology index values (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.001). Such citizen-driven monitoring of the status of watercourses could play a crucial role in monitoring and implementing the objectives of the European Water Framework Directive, thus contributing to restoring and protecting freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Gönner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Biodiversity and People, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburgerstr.159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Jonas Gröning
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Fortstr. 7, 76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Volker Grescho
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Biodiversity and People, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilian Neuer
- Friends of the Earth Germany e.V. (BUND), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 5, 10553 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Veit G Hänsch
- Saaletreff Jena, Beutnitzer Straße 5, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Eva Molsberger-Lange
- Adolf-Reichwein-Schule, Heinrich-von-Kleist-Straße 14, 65549 Limburg an der Lahn, Germany
| | - Elke Wilharm
- Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Salzdahlumer Straße 46/48, 38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Ecology & Computational Life Science, Templergraben 55, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department Biodiversity and People, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburgerstr.159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Simaika JP, Stribling J, Lento J, Bruder A, Poikane S, Moretti MS, Rivers-Moore N, Meissner K, Macadam CR. Towards harmonized standards for freshwater biodiversity monitoring and biological assessment using benthic macroinvertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170360. [PMID: 38311088 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring programs at sub-national and national scales lack coordination, harmonization, and systematic review and analysis at continental and global scales, and thus fail to adequately assess and evaluate drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation and loss at large spatial scales. Here we review the state of the art, gaps and challenges in the freshwater assessment programs for both the biological condition (bioassessment) and biodiversity monitoring of freshwater ecosystems using the benthic macroinvertebrate community. To assess the existence of nationally- and regionally- (sub-nationally-) accepted freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate protocols that are put in practice/used in each country, we conducted a survey from November 2022 to May 2023. Responses from 110 respondents based in 67 countries were received. Although the responses varied in their consistency, the responses clearly demonstrated a lack of biodiversity monitoring being done at both national and sub-national levels for lakes, rivers and artificial waterbodies. Programs for bioassessment were more widespread, and in some cases even harmonized among several countries. We identified 20 gaps and challenges, which we classed into five major categories, these being (a) field sampling, (b) sample processing and identification, (c) metrics and indices, (d) assessment, and (e) other gaps and challenges. Above all, we identify the lack of harmonization as one of the most important gaps, hindering efficient collaboration and communication. We identify the IUCN SSC Global Freshwater Macroinvertebrate Sampling Protocols Task Force (GLOSAM) as a means to address the lack of globally-harmonized biodiversity monitoring and biological assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Simaika
- Department of Water Resources and Ecosystems, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, the Netherlands.
| | - James Stribling
- Tetra Tech, Inc., Center for Ecological Sciences, Owings Mills, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Lento
- Canadian Rivers Institute and Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Andreas Bruder
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland. Mendrisio, Switzerland
| | | | - Marcelo S Moretti
- Laboratory of Aquatic Insect Ecology, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Nick Rivers-Moore
- Centre for Water Resources Research, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - Craig R Macadam
- Buglife - The Invertebrate Conservation Trust, United Kingdom
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Ge X, Peng L, Deng Z, Du J, Sun C, Wang B. Chromosome-scale genome assemblies of Himalopsyche anomala and Eubasilissa splendida (Insecta: Trichoptera). Sci Data 2024; 11:267. [PMID: 38443432 PMCID: PMC10914795 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichoptera is one of the most evolutionarily successful aquatic insect lineages and is highly valued value in adaptive evolution research. This study presents the chromosome-level genome assemblies of Himalopsyche anomala and Eubasilissa splendida achieved using PacBio, Illumina, and Hi-C sequencing. For H. anomala and E. splendida, assembly sizes were 663.43 and 859.28 Mb, with scaffold N50 lengths of 28.44 and 31.17 Mb, respectively. In H. anomala and E. splendida, we anchored 24 and 29 pseudochromosomes, and identified 11,469 and 10,554 protein-coding genes, respectively. The high-quality genomes of H. anomala and E. splendida provide critical genomic resources for understanding the evolution and ecology of Trichoptera and performing comparative genomics analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Ge
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Animal Diversity, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Lang Peng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhen Deng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jie Du
- Jiuzhaigou Administration Bureau, Jiuzhaigou County, Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, 623402, China
| | - Changhai Sun
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Beixin Wang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Piersanti S, Rebora M, Salerno G, Vitecek S, Anton S. Sensory pathway in aquatic basal polyneoptera: Antennal sensilla and brain morphology in stoneflies. ARTHROPOD STRUCTURE & DEVELOPMENT 2024; 79:101345. [PMID: 38493543 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2024.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Aquatic insects represent a great portion of Arthropod diversity and the major fauna in inland waters. The sensory biology and neuroanatomy of these insects are, however, poorly investigated. This research aims to describe the antennal sensilla of nymphs of the stonefly Dinocras cephalotes using scanning electron microscopy and comparing them with the adult sensilla. Besides, central antennal pathways in nymphs and adults are investigated by neuron mass-tracing with tetramethylrhodamine, and their brain structures are visualized with an anti-synapsin antibody. No dramatic changes occur in the antennal sensilla during nymphal development, while antennal sensilla profoundly change from nymphs to adults when switching from an aquatic to an aerial lifestyle. However, similar brain structures are used in nymphs and adults to process diverging sensory information, perceived through different sensilla in water and air. These data provide valuable insights into the evolution of aquatic heterometabolous insects, maintaining a functional sensory system throughout development, including a distinct adaptation of the peripheral olfactory systems during the transition from detection of water-soluble chemicals to volatile compounds in the air. From a conservation biology perspective, the present data contribute to a better knowledge of the biology of stoneflies, which are very important bioindicators in rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Manuela Rebora
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Simon Vitecek
- QUIVER, WasserCluster Lunz -Biologische Station, Dr.-Carl-Kupelwieserpromenade5, 3293, Lunz am See, Austria; Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sylvia Anton
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, University of Rennes, 2, rue André Le Nôtre, 49045, Angers Cedex 01, France.
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Bello-González OC, Andersen T, Mercado-Silva N. A revised, annotated checklist of Mexican non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zookeys 2024; 1191:237-286. [PMID: 38389584 PMCID: PMC10882552 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1191.117223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An updated checklist of Mexican non-biting midges (Chironomidae) is presented. A total of 110 species of Chironomidae are known for Mexico: 52 species in 25 genera belong to the subfamily Chironominae, 30 species in 13 genera to Orthocladiinae, 21 species in nine genera to Tanypodinae, five species in two genera to Telmatogetoninae, and two species in one genus to Diamesinae. In addition, 41 genera without identified species are listed. The highest number of species (29) is recorded from the state of Campeche, while 19 species have been found in Veracruz and 15 in Nuevo León. Few or no records exist for states in Central and Northern Mexico, or those on the Pacific coast. The type localities for 34 species are in Mexico; of these, 27 species (25% of the total number of species recorded in the country) are endemic. Twenty-nine species recorded in Mexico have a Neotropical distribution, 15 a Nearctic distribution, and 39 species are distributed in both the Neotropical and Nearctic regions or more widely. It has been suggested that as many as 1000 species might occur in Mexico; so only a little more than 10% of the expected diversity has so far been recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestes C Bello-González
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Trond Andersen
- Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, NO-5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Norman Mercado-Silva
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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10
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Wang YJ, Liu QS, Liu LP, Zhang YC, Qiu S, Zhang WG, Lin JH, Qin YT, Wang X, Wu YY, Zhao P, Xia QY, Ding L, Rong DY, Wang H, Dong ZM. The silk gland proteome of Stenopsyche angustata provides insights into the underwater silk secretion. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:41-54. [PMID: 37740676 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Caddisworms (Trichoptera) spin adhesive silks to construct a variety of underwater composite structures. Many studies have focused on the fibroin heavy chain of caddisworm silk and found that it contains heavy phosphorylation to maintain a stable secondary structure. Besides fibroins, recent studies have also identified some new silk proteins within caddisworm silk. To better understand the silk composition and its secretion process, this study reports the silk gland proteome of a retreat-building caddisworm, Stenopsyche angustata Martynov (Trichoptera, Stenopsychidae). Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 2389 proteins were identified in the silk gland of S. angustata, among which 192 were predicted as secreted silk proteins. Twenty-nine proteins were found to be enriched in the front silk gland, whereas 109 proteins were enriched in the caudal silk gland. The fibroin heavy chain and nine uncharacterized silk proteins were identified as phosphorylated proteins. By analysing the sequence of the fibroin heavy chain, we found that it contains 13 Gly/Thr/Pro-rich regions, 12 Val/Ser/Arg-rich regions and a Gly/Arg/Thr-rich region. Three uncharacterized proteins were identified as sericin-like proteins due to their larger molecular weights, signal peptides and repetitive motifs rich in serine. This study provides valuable information for further clarifying the secretion and adhesion of underwater caddisworm silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jun Wang
- Institute of Sericulture, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Yi-Chuan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Univeristy of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Guang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hang Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing-You Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Dong-Ying Rong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Sericulture, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Dong
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Hölker F, Jechow A, Schroer S, Tockner K, Gessner MO. Light pollution of freshwater ecosystems: principles, ecological impacts and remedies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220360. [PMID: 37899012 PMCID: PMC10613548 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Light pollution caused by artificial light at night (ALAN) is increasingly recognized as a major driver of global environmental change. Since emissions are rapidly growing in an urbanizing world and half of the human population lives close to a freshwater shoreline, rivers and lakes are ever more exposed to light pollution worldwide. However, although light conditions are critical to aquatic species, and freshwaters are biodiversity hotspots and vital to human well-being, only a small fraction of studies conducted on ALAN focus on these ecosystems. The effects of light pollution on freshwaters are broad and concern all levels of biodiversity. Experiments have demonstrated diverse behavioural and physiological responses of species, even at low light levels. Prominent examples are skyglow effects on diel vertical migration of zooplankton and the suppression of melatonin production in fish. However, responses vary widely among taxa, suggesting consequences for species distribution patterns, potential to create novel communities across ecosystem boundaries, and cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. Understanding, predicting and alleviating the ecological impacts of light pollution on freshwaters requires a solid consideration of the physical properties of light propagating in water and a multitude of biological responses. This knowledge is urgently needed to develop innovative lighting concepts, mitigation strategies and specifically targeted measures. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Hölker
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin and 16775 Stechlin, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Jechow
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin and 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Sibylle Schroer
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin and 16775 Stechlin, Germany
| | - Klement Tockner
- Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, 60325 Frankfurt Germany
- Department of BioSciences, Goethe-University, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mark O. Gessner
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), 12587 Berlin and 16775 Stechlin, Germany
- Department of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology, 10587 Berlin, Germany
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12
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Macko P, Derka T, Šamulková M, Novikmec M, Svitok M. Checklist, distribution, diversity, and rarity of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in Slovakia. Zookeys 2023; 1183:39-64. [PMID: 38314037 PMCID: PMC10836656 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1183.109819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the essential role of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) in freshwater ecosystems and their long-term use in research and routine biomonitoring in the Carpathian and Pannonian ecoregions, their distribution data are fragmentary and outdated. All published and unpublished data on mayflies from Slovakia was gathered and a database of > 15,000 species records from 2206 localities built with the aims (i) to critically revise available data and assess the completeness of the species inventory, (ii) to identify hotspots of species diversity, and (iii) to provide a benchmark for assessment of species rarity and conservation status in the region. After the critical revision of the data covering more than 100 years, the occurrence of 109 mayfly species in Slovakia was confirmed. The species inventory appears to be nearly complete, as evidenced by the rarefaction curve and a nonparametric species richness estimator. The highest mayfly gamma diversity was recorded below 500 m a.s.l. and in streams of the fifth order, which can be considered hotspots of mayfly diversity in the region. Six species were last recorded before 1990 and thus can be considered extinct in Slovakia. Twenty-nine species could be classified as very rare, with their occurrence frequency decreasing with increasing altitude and most of them being restricted to large lowland rivers and stagnant water habitats in their floodplains. In conclusion, our study provides comprehensive data on key freshwater bioindicators and suggests increasing conservation priorities, especially in lowland river floodplains occupied by several very rare mayfly species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Macko
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava 4, SlovakiaComenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Tomáš Derka
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava 4, SlovakiaComenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Michaela Šamulková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava 4, SlovakiaComenius University in BratislavaBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Milan Novikmec
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Ul. T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
| | - Marek Svitok
- Department of Biology and General Ecology, Faculty of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen, Ul. T. G. Masaryka 24, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaTechnical University in ZvolenZvolenSlovakia
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 30 05, České Budějovice, Czech RepublicUniversity of South BohemiaČeské BudějoviceCzech Republic
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13
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Lagopati N, Pippa N, Gatou MA, Papadopoulou-Fermeli N, Gorgoulis VG, Gazouli M, Pavlatou EA. Marine-Originated Materials and Their Potential Use in Biomedicine. APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 13:9172. [DOI: 10.3390/app13169172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic habitats cover almost 70% of the Earth, containing several species contributing to marine biodiversity. Marine and aquatic organisms are rich in chemical compounds that can be widely used in biomedicine (dentistry, pharmacy, cosmetology, etc.) as alternative raw biomaterials or in food supplements. Their structural characteristics make them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches in regenerative medicine. Thus, seaweeds, marine sponges, arthropods, cnidaria, mollusks, and the biomaterials provided by them, such as alginate, vitamins, laminarin, collagen, chitin, chitosan, gelatin, hydroxyapatite, biosilica, etc., are going to be discussed focusing on the biomedical applications of these marine-originated biomaterials. The ultimate goal is to highlight the sustainability of the use of these biomaterials instead of conventional ones, mainly due to the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anticancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria-Anna Gatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Papadopoulou-Fermeli
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), 11527 Athens, Greece
- Clinical Molecular Pathology, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7YH, UK
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- School of Science and Technology, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patra, Greece
| | - Evangelia A. Pavlatou
- Laboratory of General Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 15772 Athens, Greece
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14
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Csabai Z, Čiamporová-Zaťovičová Z, Boda P, Čiampor F. 50%, not great, not terrible: Pan-European gap-analysis shows the real status of the DNA barcode reference libraries in two aquatic invertebrate groups and points the way ahead. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160922. [PMID: 36539085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The essential key to routine molecular species identification (DNA barcoding/metabarcoding) is the existence of an error-free DNA barcode reference library providing full coverage of all species. Published studies generally state the need to produce more barcodes, and control their quality, but unfortunately, the number of barcoded species is still low. However, to initiate real progress, we need to know where the gaps lie, how big they are and why they persist. Our aims were to draw and understand the current state of knowledge regarding species diversity, distribution, and barcode coverage, and offer solutions for improvement. In this study, we used two groups of aquatic insects, beetles and true bugs. We have compiled and critically evaluated an essentially complete and up-to-date European list, containing 1527 species. The list served as a basis for the barcode gap analyses in the Barcode-of-Life-Data-System (BOLD) conducted in three subsequent years (2020-2022). The overall barcode coverage of the pan-European fauna was around 50 % in both groups. The lowest coverage was in the Mediterranean, the Balkans and South-eastern Europe. The coverage in each country depended significantly on the local diversity, the number of rare, endemic species and the similarity of its fauna to that of the most active barcoding European countries. Gap analyses showed a very small increase in species coverage (<1 % in European aquatic beetles) despite an ~25 % increase in the number of barcodes. Hence, it is clear that future barcoding campaigns must prioritise quality over quantity. To visibly improve reference libraries, we need to increase the involvement of taxonomic experts and focus on targeted studies and underexplored but biodiversity-rich areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Csabai
- University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Hydrobiology, Ifjúság útja 6, H7624 Pécs, Hungary; Masaryk University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Zoology and Botany, Kotlářská 2, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; Balaton Limnological Research Institute, Klebelsberg Kuno utca 3, 8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Zuzana Čiamporová-Zaťovičová
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Ecology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pál Boda
- Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Bem tér 18/c, H4026 Debrecen, Hungary.
| | - Fedor Čiampor
- Slovak Academy of Sciences, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Ecology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84523 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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15
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A Checklist of the Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the Middle and Lower Basins of Jinsha River, Southwestern China; Including One New Species and Nine New Records in China. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A checklist of trichopteran species in the middle and lower basins of the Jinsha River (southwestern China) is compiled for the first time. upon collected materials. It recorded ten families, 13 genera, and 23 species were recorded. Among them, the male of a new species Cheumatopsyche latisecta Ge & Sun, sp. nov., which can be diagnosed by its genitalia, is described and illustrated. In addition, nine other species are recorded for the first time from China, six species and three ones are recorded for the first time for Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, respectively. This trichopteran species list can provide guidance for caddisfly identification of the river and the region.
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16
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von Gönner J, Bowler DE, Gröning J, Klauer AK, Liess M, Neuer L, Bonn A. Citizen science for assessing pesticide impacts in agricultural streams. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159607. [PMID: 36273564 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The majority of central European streams are in poor ecological condition. Pesticide inputs from terrestrial habitats present a key threat to sensitive insects in streams. Both standardized stream monitoring data and societal support are needed to conserve and restore freshwater habitats. Citizen science (CS) offers potential to complement international freshwater monitoring while it is often viewed critically due to concerns about data accuracy. Here, we developed a CS program based on the Water Framework Directive that enables citizen scientists to provide data on stream hydromorphology, physicochemical status and benthic macroinvertebrates to apply the trait-based bio-indicator SPEARpesticides for pesticide exposure. We compared CS monitoring data with professional data across 28 central German stream sites and could show that both CS and professional monitoring identified a similar average proportion of pesticide-sensitive macroinvertebrate taxa per stream site (20 %). CS data were highly correlated to the professional data for both stream hydromorphology and SPEARpesticides (r = 0.72 and 0.76). To assess the extent to which CS macroinvertebrate data can indicate pesticide exposure, we tested the relationship of CS generated SPEARpesticides values and measured pesticide concentrations at 21 stream sites, and found a fair correlation similar to professional results. We conclude that given appropriate training and support, citizen scientists can generate valid data on the ecological status and pesticide contamination of streams. By complementing official monitoring, data from well-managed CS programs can advance freshwater science and enhance the implementation of freshwater conservation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Gönner
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Ecosystem Services, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburgerstr.159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Diana E Bowler
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburgerstr.159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Jonas Gröning
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Klauer
- Saxony State Foundation for Nature and the Environment (LaNU), Riesaer Str. 7, 01129 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Liess
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department System-Ecotoxicology, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lilian Neuer
- Friends of the Earth Germany e.V. (BUND), Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 5, 10553 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department Ecosystem Services, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Biodiversity, Dornburgerstr.159, 07743 Jena, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstr. 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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17
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Sanchez MDLL, Caltzontzin V, Feregrino-Pérez AA. Nutritional Composition, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Different Samples of Water Boatmen Eggs (Hemiptera: Corixidae). Foods 2022; 12:foods12010028. [PMID: 36613244 PMCID: PMC9818163 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The group of aquatic insects collectively called "water boatmen" or "Axayacatl" (Hemiptera: Corixidae) and their eggs, called "Ahuahutle", have been consumed and cultivated since the pre-Hispanic era in Mexico. Nevertheless, food composition databases contain limited information on the nutritional composition of these eggs. This work evaluates the macronutrients and bioactive compounds of water boatmen eggs obtained from three different locations in Mexico. The primary analyses to be determined for the first time were some bioactive compounds in the eggs, such as phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, condensed tannins content, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), and, additionally, fatty acids and proximal composition. The results showed that the sample from Hidalgo (AMC) presented the highest number of phenolic compounds (855.12 ± 0.52), followed by ALT (125.52 ± 0.05) and, with the lowest amount, AMT (99.92 ± 0.13), all expressed in an mg GAE/g sample. ALT indicated the highest mol TE/g sample concentration for ABTS (25.34 ± 0.472) and DPPH (39.76 ± 0.054), showing a significant difference in the DPPH method with the AMT samples. The three Corixidae egg samples had between 15 to 18 different fatty acid profiles, and there were statistically significant differences (Student's t-test ≤ 0.05) between the means using MSD. The total fats of the three samples were between 12.5 and 15.5 g/100 g dry basis. In addition, Corixidae eggs are excellent protein sources. Thus, water boatmen's eggs can be considered to be a food rich in bioactive compounds.
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18
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Ahmed SF, Kumar PS, Kabir M, Zuhara FT, Mehjabin A, Tasannum N, Hoang AT, Kabir Z, Mofijur M. Threats, challenges and sustainable conservation strategies for freshwater biodiversity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:113808. [PMID: 35798264 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing human population, deforestation and man-made climate change are likely to exacerbate the negative effects on freshwater ecosystems and species endangerment. Consequently, the biodiversity of freshwater continues to dwindle at an alarming rate. However, this particular topic lacks sufficient attention from conservation ecologists and policymakers, resulting in a dearth of data and comprehensive reviews on freshwater biodiversity, specifically. Despite the widespread awareness of risks to freshwater biodiversity, organized action to reverse this decline has been lacking. This study reviews prospective conservation and management strategies for freshwater biodiversity and their associated challenges, identifying current key threats to freshwater biodiversity. Engineered nanomaterials pose a significant threat to aquatic species, and will make controlling health risks to freshwater biodiversity increasingly challenging in the future. When fish are exposed to nanoparticles, the surface area of their respiratory and ion transport systems can decline to 60% of their total surface area, posing serious health risks. Also, about 50% of freshwater fish species are threatened by climate change, globally. Freshwater biodiversity that is heavily reliant on calcium perishes when the calcium content of their environments degrades, posing another severe threat to world biodiversity. To improve biodiversity, variables such as species diversity, population and water quality, and habitat are essential components that must be monitored continuously. Existing research on freshwater biota and ecosystems is still lacking. Therefore, data collection and the establishment of specialized policies for the conservation of freshwater biodiversity should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Forruque Ahmed
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Maliha Kabir
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Fatema Tuz Zuhara
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Aanushka Mehjabin
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzaba Tasannum
- Science and Math Program, Asian University for Women, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Zobaidul Kabir
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - M Mofijur
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Mechanical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar, 31952, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Yang L, Zhao Z, Luo D, Liang M, Zhang Q. Global Metabolomics of Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) Explore Metabolic Adaptation to Fresh Water in Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:823. [PMID: 36135524 PMCID: PMC9503472 DOI: 10.3390/insects13090823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects are well-adapted to freshwater environments, but metabolic mechanisms of such adaptations, particularly to primary environmental factors (e.g., hypoxia, water pressure, dark light, and abundant microbes), are poorly known. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of a few species are aquatic. We generated 24 global metabolomic profiles of larvae and adults of Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) to identify freshwater adaptation-related metabolites (AARMs). We identified 110 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in A. leii (adults vs. aquatic larvae) and 183 DAMs in L. praetexta (adults vs. terrestrial larvae). Furthermore, 100 DAMs specific to aquatic A. leii larvae were screened as AARMs via interspecific comparisons (A. leii vs. L. praetexta), which were primarily involved in antioxidant activity, immune response, energy production and metabolism, and chitin biosynthesis. They were assigned to six categories/superclasses (e.g., lipids and lipid-like molecules, organic acids and derivatives, and organoheterocyclic compound). Finally, ten metabolic pathways shared between KEGG terms specific to aquatic fireflies and enriched by AARMs were screened as aquatic adaptation-related pathways (AARPs). These AARPs were primarily involved in energy metabolism, xenobiotic biodegradation, protection of oxidative/immune damage, oxidative stress response, and sense function (e.g., glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and taste transduction), and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., steroid hormone biosynthesis). These results provide evidence suggesting that abundance changes in metabolomes contribute to freshwater adaptation of fireflies. The metabolites identified here may be vital targets for future work to determine the mechanism of freshwater adaptation in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zishun Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- YEN, Chuxiong People’s Hospital, Chuxiong 675000, China
| | - Mingzhong Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster in the Beibu Gulf, Ocean College, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China
| | - Qilin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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20
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A high-quality genome of the dobsonfly Neoneuromus ignobilis reveals molecular convergences in aquatic insects. Genomics 2022; 114:110437. [PMID: 35902070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neoneuromus ignobilis is an archaic holometabolous aquatic predatory insect. However, a lack of genomic resources hinders the use of whole genome sequencing to explore their genetic basis and molecular mechanisms for adaptive evolution. Here, we provided a high-contiguity, chromosome-level genome assembly of N. ignobilis using high coverage Nanopore and PacBio reads with the Hi-C technique. The final assembly is 480.67 MB in size, containing 12 telomere-ended pseudochromosomes with only 17 gaps. We compared 42 hexapod species genomes including six independent lineages comprising 11 aquatic insects, and found convergent expansions of long wavelength-sensitive and blue-sensitive opsins, thermal stress response TRP channels, and sulfotransferases in aquatic insects, which may be related to their aquatic adaptation. We also detected strong nonrandom signals of convergent amino acid substitutions in aquatic insects. Collectively, our comparative genomic analysis revealed the evidence of molecular convergences in aquatic insects during both gene family evolution and convergent amino acid substitutions.
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21
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Heckenhauer J, Frandsen PB, Sproul JS, Li Z, Paule J, Larracuente AM, Maughan PJ, Barker MS, Schneider JV, Stewart RJ, Pauls SU. Genome size evolution in the diverse insect order Trichoptera. Gigascience 2022; 11:6537159. [PMID: 35217860 PMCID: PMC8881205 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome size is implicated in the form, function, and ecological success of a species. Two principally different mechanisms are proposed as major drivers of eukaryotic genome evolution and diversity: polyploidy (i.e., whole-genome duplication) or smaller duplication events and bursts in the activity of repetitive elements. Here, we generated de novo genome assemblies of 17 caddisflies covering all major lineages of Trichoptera. Using these and previously sequenced genomes, we use caddisflies as a model for understanding genome size evolution in diverse insect lineages. Results We detect a ∼14-fold variation in genome size across the order Trichoptera. We find strong evidence that repetitive element expansions, particularly those of transposable elements (TEs), are important drivers of large caddisfly genome sizes. Using an innovative method to examine TEs associated with universal single-copy orthologs (i.e., BUSCO genes), we find that TE expansions have a major impact on protein-coding gene regions, with TE-gene associations showing a linear relationship with increasing genome size. Intriguingly, we find that expanded genomes preferentially evolved in caddisfly clades with a higher ecological diversity (i.e., various feeding modes, diversification in variable, less stable environments). Conclusion Our findings provide a platform to test hypotheses about the potential evolutionary roles of TE activity and TE-gene associations, particularly in groups with high species, ecological, and functional diversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.,Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA
| | - John S Sproul
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Juraj Paule
- Department of Botany and Molecular Evolution, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | | | - Peter J Maughan
- Department of Plant & Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Michael S Barker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Julio V Schneider
- Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt 60325, Germany.,Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen 35390, Germany
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22
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Montagné N, Jager M, Chertemps T, Persyn E, Jaszczyszyn Y, Meslin C, Jacquin-Joly E, Manuel M. The Chemosensory Transcriptome of a Diving Beetle. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.773915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects astoundingly dominate Earth’s land ecosystems and have a huge impact on human life. Almost every aspect of their life relies upon their highly efficient and adaptable chemosensory system. In the air, most chemical signals that are detected at long range are hydrophobic molecules, which insects detect using proteins encoded by multigenic families that emerged following land colonization by insect ancestors, namely the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) and the odorant receptors (ORs). However, land-to-freshwater transitions occurred in many lineages within the insect tree of life. Whether chemosensory gene repertoires of aquatic insects remained essentially unchanged or underwent more or less drastic modifications to cope with physico-chemical constraints associated with life underwater remains virtually unknown. To address this issue, we sequenced and analyzed the transcriptome of chemosensory organs of the diving beetle Rhantus suturalis (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). A reference transcriptome was assembled de novo using reads from five RNA-seq libraries (male and female antennae, male and female palps, and wing muscle). It contained 47,570 non-redundant unigenes encoding proteins of more than 50 amino acids. Within this reference transcriptome, we annotated sequences coding 53 OBPs, 48 ORs, 73 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 53 ionotropic receptors (IRs). Phylogenetic analyses notably revealed a large OBP gene expansion (35 paralogs in R. suturalis) as well as a more modest OR gene expansion (9 paralogs in R. suturalis) that may be specific to diving beetles. Interestingly, these duplicated genes tend to be expressed in palps rather than in antennae, suggesting a possible adaptation with respect to the land-to-water transition. This work provides a strong basis for further evolutionary and functional studies that will elucidate how insect chemosensory systems adapted to life underwater.
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23
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Suvorov A, Scornavacca C, Fujimoto MS, Bodily P, Clement M, Crandall KA, Whiting MF, Schrider DR, Bybee SM. Deep ancestral introgression shapes evolutionary history of dragonflies and damselflies. Syst Biol 2021; 71:526-546. [PMID: 34324671 PMCID: PMC9017697 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introgression is an important biological process affecting at least 10% of the extant species in the animal kingdom. Introgression significantly impacts inference of phylogenetic species relationships where a strictly binary tree model cannot adequately explain reticulate net-like species relationships. Here we use phylogenomic approaches to understand patterns of introgression along the evolutionary history of a unique, non-model insect system: dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). We demonstrate that introgression is a pervasive evolutionary force across various taxonomic levels within Odonata. In particular, we show that the morphologically "intermediate" species of Anisozygoptera (one of the three primary suborders within Odonata besides Zygoptera and Anisoptera), which retain phenotypic characteristics of the other two suborders, experienced high levels of introgression likely coming from zygopteran genomes. Additionally, we find evidence for multiple cases of deep inter-superfamilial ancestral introgression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Suvorov
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Celine Scornavacca
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE CC 064, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
| | - M Stanley Fujimoto
- Department of Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Paul Bodily
- Department of Computer Science, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
| | - Mark Clement
- Department of Computer Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Keith A Crandall
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michael F Whiting
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.,M.L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Daniel R Schrider
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Seth M Bybee
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States.,M.L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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24
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Factors Influencing the Distribution of Endemic Damselflies in Vanuatu. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080670. [PMID: 34442236 PMCID: PMC8396446 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Predicting the distribution of endemic insects is vital to continual study and conservation efforts. Here we used ecological niche models and pH data to determine which environmental factors may be influencing the distribution of a group of damselflies in Vanuatu. We tested the utility of niche models in this context and found pH to be a strong predictor for this genus. Abstract Vanuatubasis Ober and Staniczek is a genus of damselfly endemic to Vanuatu. Little is known about the distribution and general natural history of the genus. We present the results of 14 weeks of fieldwork in Vanuatu to provide a better understanding of the biology of this genus. Specifically, we tested ecological niche models to predict the presence of Vanuatubasis throughout the region and explored how water pH may play a role in their distribution and ecology. The results of this fieldwork refined our model and further predicted the presence of this genus on additional islands. We also found stream pH as a strong predictor for the presence of Vanuatubasis, with their presence in alkaline streams significantly higher (p < 0.001). The mean pH for those streams where the genus was collected was 8.44 (n = 53).
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25
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Moore MP. Larval habitats impose trait-dependent limits on the direction and rate of adult evolution in dragonflies. Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210023. [PMID: 34006119 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection on juveniles is often invoked as a constraint on adult evolution, but it remains unclear when such restrictions will have their greatest impact. Selection on juveniles could, for example, mainly limit the evolution of adult traits that mostly develop prior to maturity. Alternatively, selection on juveniles might primarily constrain the evolution of adult traits that experience weak or context-dependent selection in the adult stage. Using a comparative study of dragonflies, I tested these hypotheses by examining how a species' larval habitat was related to the evolution of two adult traits that differ in development and exposure to selection: adult size and male ornamentation. Whereas adult size is fixed at metamorphosis and experiences consistent positive selection in the adult stage, ornaments develop throughout adulthood and provide context-dependent fitness benefits. My results show that species that develop in less stable larval habitats have smaller adult sizes and slower rates of adult size evolution. However, these risky larval habitats do not limit ornament expression or rates of ornament evolution. Selection on juveniles may therefore primarily affect the evolution of adult traits that mostly develop prior to maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Moore
- Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA
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26
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Chagas TQ, Araújo APDC, Malafaia G. Biomicroplastics versus conventional microplastics: An insight on the toxicity of these polymers in dragonfly larvae. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 761:143231. [PMID: 33138995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The toxicological safety of products developed as alternative for conventional plastics (i.e., petroleum derivatives) inevitably demands conducting (eco)toxicological studies. Thus, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the biochemical toxicity of polyethylene microplastics (PE MPs) (representative of conventional MPs) and polylactic acid biomicroplastics (PLA BioMPs) in Aphylla williamsoni larvae used as experimental models. Animals subjected to short exposure to both pollutants (48 h), at environmentally relevant concentration (6 mg/L). At the end of the experiment, different toxicity biomarkers were evaluated. To assess the possible impact of pollutants on the nutritional status of the animals, the total protein, total soluble carbohydrate and triglyceride levels were determined. However, we did not observe differences between the groups, which suggests that PE MPs and PLA BioMPs did not affect the animals' energy metabolism, inducing them to a nutritional deficit. However, larvae exposed to PLA BioMPs have shown increased nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels, which supports the hypothesis that these pollutants increase oxidative stress processes in the animals evaluated, which can affect the animals' physiological homeostasis from different changes. In addition, the decrease in superoxide dismutase activity and of total thiols levels, in these same animals, is suggestive of the impact of PLA BioMPs on the antioxidant defenses, causing a REDOX imbalance, never before reported. On the other hand, decreased AChE activity was only observed in larvae exposed to PLA BioMPs, which demonstrates the anticholinergic activity of the tested polymers; the consequences of which include changes in different neurophysiological functions. Thus, the current study has helped improving the scientific knowledge about impacts caused by PLA BioMPs on freshwater ecosystems, as well as corroborated assertions about the risks posed by such biopolymers on these environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Quintão Chagas
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute - Urutaí Campus Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institute and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
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27
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Maggioni D, Assandri G, Ramazzotti F, Magnani D, Pellegrino I, Valsecchi E, Galimberti A. Differential genetic variability at two mtDNA COI regions does not imply mismatches in Odonata molecular identification performances. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2021.1896795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. Maggioni
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
- Marine Research and High Education (MaRHE) Center, University of Milano - Bicocca, Faafu Magoodhoo, Maldives
| | - G. Assandri
- Area Avifauna Migratrice, Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy
| | - F. Ramazzotti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - D. Magnani
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - I. Pellegrino
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, Alessandria, Italy
| | - E. Valsecchi
- Department of Environmental and Earth Sciences (DISAT), University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - A. Galimberti
- ZooPlantLab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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28
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Bao L, Martínez S, Cadenazzi M, Urrutia M, Seijas L, Castiglioni E. Aquatic macroinvertebrates in Uruguayan rice agroecosystem. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e60745. [PMID: 33716544 PMCID: PMC7952373 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e60745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This work is a first approach to the knowledge of insects and other aquatic macroinvertebrates of rice agroecosystems from eastern Uruguay. The composition of the groups collected may represent an approximation to the knowledge of the quality of water sources associated with Uruguayan rice production. Sampling of aquatic macroinvertebrates was carried out during the grain-filling stage in crops without insecticide use, in three localities of Treinta y Tres Department. In each crop, macroinvertebrates were collected with a Surber-type network at the inlet and outlet of water to and from the paddy field and a neighbouring control area. Differences in morphospecies composition were found according to the location and source of water. Insecta was the most represented class in macroinvertebrate samplings (41.5%). Diptera (59.9%), Hemiptera (16.3%) and Ephemeroptera (14.0%) were the most abundant orders within insects. The Richness and Shannon Diversity Indices were higher than those recorded for similar studies in Costa Rica, Italy and Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Bao
- Crop Protection Department, University of Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Crop Protection Department, University of Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Martínez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción de Arroz, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, Estación Experimental INIA Treinta y Tres, Ruta 8 km 281, Treinta y Tres, C.P. 33000, Treinta y Tres, Uruguay Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Programa Nacional de Investigación en Producción de Arroz, Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, Estación Experimental INIA Treinta y Tres, Ruta 8 km 281, Treinta y Tres, C.P. 33000 Treinta y Tres Uruguay
| | - Mónica Cadenazzi
- Department of Statistical Biometrics and Computing, University of Republic, Paysandú, Uruguay Department of Statistical Biometrics and Computing, University of Republic Paysandú Uruguay
| | - Mónica Urrutia
- University of Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay University of Republic Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Lucía Seijas
- Crop Protection Department, University of Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay Crop Protection Department, University of Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay Montevideo Uruguay
| | - Enrique Castiglioni
- Eastern Region University Centre, University of Republic, Rocha, Uruguay Eastern Region University Centre, University of Republic Rocha Uruguay
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29
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Chin TA, Cristescu ME. Speciation in Daphnia. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:1398-1418. [PMID: 33522056 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The microcrustacean Daphnia is arguably one of the most studied zooplankton species, having a well understood ecology, life history, and a relatively well studied evolutionary history. Despite this wealth of knowledge, species boundaries within closely related species in this genus often remain elusive and the major evolutionary forces driving the diversity of daphniids remain controversial. This genus contains more than 80 species with multiple cryptic species complexes, with many closely related species able to hybridize. Here, we review speciation research in Daphnia within the framework of current speciation theory. We evaluate the role of geography, ecology, and biology in restricting gene flow and promoting diversification. Of the 253 speciation studies on Daphnia, the majority of studies examine geographic barriers (55%). While evidence shows that geographic barriers play a role in species divergence, ecological barriers are also probably prominent in Daphnia speciation. We assess the contribution of ecological and nonecological reproductive isolating barriers between closely related species of Daphnia and found that none of the reproductive isolating barriers are restricting gene flow completely. Research on reproductive isolating barriers has disproportionally focused on two species complexes, the Daphnia pulex and Daphnia longispina species complexes. Finally, we identify areas of research that remain relatively unexplored and discuss future research directions that build our understanding of speciation in daphniids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Chin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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30
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Montalvão MF, Guimarães ATB, Rodrigues ASDL, Malafaia G. Carbon nanofibers are bioaccumulated in Aphylla williamsoni (Odonata) larvae and cause REDOX imbalance and changes of acetylcholinesterase activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143991. [PMID: 33302068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based materials have been considered very promising for the technological industry due to their unique physical and chemical properties, namely: ability to reduce production costs and to improve the efficiency of several products. However, there is little information on what is the level of exposure that leads to adverse effects and what kind of effects is expected in aquatic biota. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in dragonfly larvae (Aphylla williamsoni) based on predictive oxidative-stress biomarkers, antioxidant activity reduction and neurotoxicity. After ephemeral models' exposure to CNFs (48 h; at 500 μg/L), data have shown that these pollutants did not change larvae's nutritional status given the concentration of total soluble carbohydrates, total proteins and triglycerides in them. However, the levels of both nitric oxide and substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (lipid peroxidation indicators) have increased and the antioxidant activity based on total thiol levels and on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (%) has reduced, and it suggests REDOX imbalance induction by CNFs. In addition, larvae exposed to these pollutants showed significant acetylcholinesterase activity reduction in comparison to the control group. Thus, the present study has brought further knowledge about how carbon-based materials can affect benthic macroinvertebrates and emphasized their ecotoxicological potential in freshwater environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Flores Montalvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisas Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação de Recursos Naturais do Cerrado, Instituto Federal Goiano, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
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31
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Olsen LK, Heckenhauer J, Sproul JS, Dikow RB, Gonzalez VL, Kweskin MP, Taylor AM, Wilson SB, Stewart RJ, Zhou X, Holzenthal R, Pauls SU, Frandsen PB. Draft Genome Assemblies and Annotations of Agrypnia vestita Walker, and Hesperophylax magnus Banks Reveal Substantial Repetitive Element Expansion in Tube Case-Making Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera). Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6121109. [PMID: 33501983 PMCID: PMC7936034 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoptera (caddisflies) play an essential role in freshwater ecosystems; for instance, larvae process organic material from the water and are food for a variety of predators. Knowledge on the genomic diversity of caddisflies can facilitate comparative and phylogenetic studies thereby allowing scientists to better understand the evolutionary history of caddisflies. Although Trichoptera are the most diverse aquatic insect order, they remain poorly represented in terms of genomic resources. To date, all long-read based genomes have been sequenced from individuals in the retreat-making suborder, Annulipalpia, leaving ∼275 Ma of evolution without high-quality genomic resources. Here, we report the first long-read based de novo genome assemblies of two tube case-making Trichoptera from the suborder Integripalpia, Agrypnia vestita Walker and Hesperophylax magnus Banks. We find that these tube case-making caddisflies have genome sizes that are at least 3-fold larger than those of currently sequenced annulipalpian genomes and that this pattern is at least partly driven by major expansion of repetitive elements. In H. magnus, long interspersed nuclear elements alone exceed the entire genome size of some annulipalpian counterparts suggesting that caddisflies have high potential as a model for understanding genome size evolution in diverse insect lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Olsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Jacqueline Heckenhauer
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John S Sproul
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca B Dikow
- Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Vanessa L Gonzalez
- Global Genome Initiative, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Matthew P Kweskin
- Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Adam M Taylor
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Seth B Wilson
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ralph Holzenthal
- Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Steffen U Pauls
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Entomology III, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Germany
| | - Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA.,LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (LOEWE-TBG), Frankfurt, Germany.,Data Science Lab, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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32
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Guimarães ATB, de Lima Rodrigues AS, Pereira PS, Silva FG, Malafaia G. Toxicity of polystyrene nanoplastics in dragonfly larvae: An insight on how these pollutants can affect bentonic macroinvertebrates. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141936. [PMID: 32889289 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although nanoplastics (NPs) are known to be toxic to several groups of animals, the effects of such a toxicity on freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate communities remain unknown. Thus, the aim of the current study is to test the hypothesis that polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) (34 μg/L - 48 h of exposure) lead to biochemical damage in Aphylla williamsoni larvae. Data have evidenced high bioaccumulation factor in the analyzed individuals; this finding indicates that, similar to sediments, water is also part of aquatic systems and favors PS NPs retention in dragonfly larvae. Despite the lack of evidence about the interference of these pollutants in the nutritional status of the analyzed animals, their bioaccumulation was associated with REDOX imbalance featured by concomitant increase in the number of evaluated oxidative stress biomarkers (nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation) and antioxidants (antioxidant activity against the DPPH radical and the superoxide dismutase enzyme). On the other hand, the reduced acetylcholinesterase activity observed in larvae exposed to PS NPs has suggested the neurotoxic effect of these pollutants, with potential impact on their nerve and neuromuscular functions. Therefore, the current study is pioneer in showing that PS NPs can affect the health of the investigated larvae, even at small concentrations, for short exposure-time; this outcome reinforces the ecotoxicological risk of these pollutants for freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraão Tiago Batista Guimarães
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Aline Sueli de Lima Rodrigues
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Pereira
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Malafaia
- Biological Research Laboratory, Post-graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí Campus, Urutaí, GO, Brazil; Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity, Goiano Federal Institution and Federal University of Goiás, GO, Brazil.
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Starr SM, Wallace JR. Ecology and Biology of Aquatic Insects. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010051. [PMID: 33440606 PMCID: PMC7827063 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Starr
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - John R. Wallace
- Department of Biology, Millersville University, Millersville, PA 17551, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-717-871-4318
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Garcia Junior MDN, Damasceno MTDS, Martins MJL, Costa TSD, Ferreira RMDA, Souto RNP. New records of dragonflies and damselflies (Insecta: Odonata) from Amapá state, Brazil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Odonata Order comprises one of the largest groups of aquatic insects, 7,000 species are described worldwide, with approximately 860 species registered in Brazil, around 14% of the global fauna known to date. However, there are still great gaps in the knowledge of Odonata fauna in many areas of Brazil. This study aims to present the results of the survey of Odonata species sampled in three counties in the state of Amapá. The state is located in the north of the country, inserted in the Amazon Biome. Odonata were caught between January and December 2018, with 472 specimens being sampled, belonging to seven families, 36 genera and 53 species. In total, 27 of the species found during the study correspond to new records for the state of Amapá. Due to the lack of information on the diversity of the Odonata order in Amapá, the list of species presented should serve as input for new studies contributing to the knowledge of the order in the state.
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Piersanti S, Rebora M, Salerno G, Anton S. The Antennal Pathway of Dragonfly Nymphs, from Sensilla to the Brain. INSECTS 2020; 11:E886. [PMID: 33339188 PMCID: PMC7765675 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dragonflies are hemimetabolous insects, switching from an aquatic life style as nymphs to aerial life as adults, confronted to different environmental cues. How sensory structures on the antennae and the brain regions processing the incoming information are adapted to the reception of fundamentally different sensory cues has not been investigated in hemimetabolous insects. Here we describe the antennal sensilla, the general brain structure, and the antennal sensory pathways in the last six nymphal instars of Libellula depressa, in comparison with earlier published data from adults, using scanning electron microscopy, and antennal receptor neuron and antennal lobe output neuron mass-tracing with tetramethylrhodamin. Brain structure was visualized with an anti-synapsin antibody. Differently from adults, the nymphal antennal flagellum harbors many mechanoreceptive sensilla, one olfactory, and two thermo-hygroreceptive sensilla at all investigated instars. The nymphal brain is very similar to the adult brain throughout development, despite the considerable differences in antennal sensilla and habitat. Like in adults, nymphal brains contain mushroom bodies lacking calyces and small aglomerular antennal lobes. Antennal fibers innervate the antennal lobe similar to adult brains and the gnathal ganglion more prominently than in adults. Similar brain structures are thus used in L. depressa nymphs and adults to process diverging sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Piersanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Manuela Rebora
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy; (S.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Sylvia Anton
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Univ Rennes, 49045 Angers, France
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36
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Rodriguez G, Fikáček M, Minoshima YN, Archangelsky M, Torres PLM. Going underwater: multiple origins and functional morphology of piercing-sucking feeding and tracheal system adaptations in water scavenger beetle larvae (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea). Zool J Linn Soc 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Larvae of water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophiloidea) are adapted to a wide variety of aquatic habitats, but little is known about functional and evolutionary aspects of these adaptations. We review the functional morphology and evolution of feeding strategies of larvae of the families Hydrophilidae and Epimetopidae based on a detailed scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, analysis of video records of feeding behaviour and observations of living larvae. There are two main types of feeding mechanisms: chewing and piercing-sucking. The character mapping using the latest phylogenetic hypothesis for Hydrophiloidea infers the chewing system as the ancestral condition. The piercing-sucking mechanism evolved at least four times independently: once in Epimetopidae (Epimetopus) and three times in Hydrophilidae (Berosini: Berosus + Hemiosus; Laccobiini: Laccobius group; Hydrobiusini: Hybogralius). The piercing-sucking apparatus allows underwater extra-oral digestion and decreases the dependence of larvae on an aerial environment. A detailed study of the tracheal morphology of the piercing-sucking lineages reveals four independent origins of the apneustic respiratory system, all of them nested within lineages with piercing-sucking mouthparts. We conclude that piercing-sucking mouthparts represent a key innovation, which allows for the subsequent adaptation of the tracheal system, influences the diversification dynamics of the lineages and allows the shift to new adaptive zones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Rodriguez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Entomología, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Fikáček
- Department of Zoology, National Museum, Praha 9, Czech Republic and Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yȗsuke N Minoshima
- Natural History Division, Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, 2-4-1 Higashida, Yahatahigashi-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 805-0071 Japan
| | - Miguel Archangelsky
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones en Ecología y Sistemática Animal (LIESA), Centro de Investigaciones Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP) (CONICET e UNPSJB), Roca 780, 9200 Esquel, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Patricia L M Torres
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Entomología, CONICET, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sarremejane R, Cid N, Stubbington R, Datry T, Alp M, Cañedo-Argüelles M, Cordero-Rivera A, Csabai Z, Gutiérrez-Cánovas C, Heino J, Forcellini M, Millán A, Paillex A, Pařil P, Polášek M, Tierno de Figueroa JM, Usseglio-Polatera P, Zamora-Muñoz C, Bonada N. DISPERSE, a trait database to assess the dispersal potential of European aquatic macroinvertebrates. Sci Data 2020; 7:386. [PMID: 33177529 PMCID: PMC7658241 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is an essential process in population and community dynamics, but is difficult to measure in the field. In freshwater ecosystems, information on biological traits related to organisms' morphology, life history and behaviour provides useful dispersal proxies, but information remains scattered or unpublished for many taxa. We compiled information on multiple dispersal-related biological traits of European aquatic macroinvertebrates in a unique resource, the DISPERSE database. DISPERSE includes nine dispersal-related traits subdivided into 39 trait categories for 480 taxa, including Annelida, Mollusca, Platyhelminthes, and Arthropoda such as Crustacea and Insecta, generally at the genus level. Information within DISPERSE can be used to address fundamental research questions in metapopulation ecology, metacommunity ecology, macroecology and evolutionary ecology. Information on dispersal proxies can be applied to improve predictions of ecological responses to global change, and to inform improvements to biomonitoring, conservation and management strategies. The diverse sources used in DISPERSE complement existing trait databases by providing new information on dispersal traits, most of which would not otherwise be accessible to the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Sarremejane
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Núria Cid
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rachel Stubbington
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Thibault Datry
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Maria Alp
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Miguel Cañedo-Argüelles
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adolfo Cordero-Rivera
- ECOEVO Lab, E.E. Forestal, Univesidade de Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira, 36005, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Zoltán Csabai
- Department of Hydrobiology, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H7624, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cayetano Gutiérrez-Cánovas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Jani Heino
- Finnish Environment Institute, Freshwater Centre, Paavo Havaksen Tie 3, FI-90570, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maxence Forcellini
- INRAE, UR RiverLy, centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 5 rue de la Doua CS70077, 69626, Villeurbanne, Cedex, France
| | - Andrés Millán
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Biology Faculty, Murcia University, Campus de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Amael Paillex
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ECOTEC Environment SA, 1203, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petr Pařil
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Polášek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - José Manuel Tierno de Figueroa
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Philippe Usseglio-Polatera
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR 7360, LIEC, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux, F-57070, Metz, France
| | - Carmen Zamora-Muñoz
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuente Nueva, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Núria Bonada
- Grup de Recerca Freshwater Ecology, Hydrology and Management (FEHM), Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Ye Z, Chen D, Yuan J, Zheng C, Yang X, Wang W, Zhang Y, Wang S, Jiang K, Bu W. Are population isolations and declines a threat to island endemic water striders? A lesson from demographic and niche modelling of Metrocoris esakii (Hemiptera: Gerridae). Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4573-4587. [PMID: 33006793 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic stochasticity and bottlenecking in the course of Pleistocene glaciations have been identified as threatening the survival of local endemics. However, the mechanisms by which local endemic species balance the influences of these two events remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) data set, mined mitochondrial sequences and constructed ecological niche models for the island endemic water strider Metrocoris esakii (Hemiptera: Gerridae). We found that M. esakii comprised three divergent lineages (i.e., north, central and south) isolated by geographical barriers and generally experienced population declines with the constriction of suitable areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Further demographic model testing and stairway plots revealed a history of recent gene flow among the neighbouring lineages and rapid recovery at the end of the LGM, indicating that M. esakii at least had the potential for an adaptive response to population fragmentation and bottlenecking. The northern lineage did not show genetic bottlenecking during the LGM, which was probably due to its large effective population size (Ne ) from migration, which improved its adaptive potential. Relative to the ddRAD-seq data set, the demographic results based on mitochondrial sequences were less conclusive, showing weak differentiation and oversimplified demographic trajectories for the three genetic lineages. Overall, this study provides some degree of optimism for the survival of island endemic water striders from a demographic perspective, but further evaluation of their extinction risk under the impacts of human activities is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ye
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juanjuan Yuan
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenguang Zheng
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwu Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjun Bu
- Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Santos AP, Dumas LL, Henriques-Oliveira AL, Souza WRM, Camargos LM, Calor AR, Pes AM. Taxonomic Catalog of the Brazilian Fauna: order Trichoptera (Insecta), diversity and distribution. ZOOLOGIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/zoologia.37.e46392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Caddisflies are a highly diverse group of aquatic insects, particularly in the Neotropical region where there is a high number of endemic taxa. Based on taxonomic contributions published until August 2019, a total of 796 caddisfly species have been recorded from Brazil. Taxonomic data about Brazilian caddisflies are currently open access at the “Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil” website (CTFB), an on-line database with taxonomic information on the animal species occurring in Brazil. The order Trichoptera at CTFB includes a catalog of species recorded for the country, with synonymic lists, distribution throughout six biomes, 12 hydrographic regions, and 27 political states (including Federal District) from Brazil. The database is constantly updated to include newly published data. In this study, we reviewed the taxonomic effort on Brazilian caddisflies based on data currently in CTFB database. The accumulation curve of species described or recorded from the country, by year, shows a strong upward trend in last 25 years, indicating that it is possible that there are many more species to be described. Based on presence/absence of caddisfly species at three geographic levels (biomes, hydrographic regions, and states), second order Jackknife estimated at least 1,586 species occurring in Brazil (with hydrographic regions as unities), indicating we currently know about 50% of the Brazilian caddisfly fauna. Species distribution by Brazilian biomes reveals that the Atlantic Forest is the most diverse, with 490 species (298 endemic), followed by the Amazon Forest, with 255 species (101 endemic). Even though these numbers may be biased because there has been more intense collecting in these two biomes, the percentage of endemic caddisfly species in the Atlantic Forest is remarkable. Considering the distribution throughout hydrographic regions, clustering analyses (UPGMA) based on incidence data reveals two groups: northwestern basins and southeastern. Although these groups have weak bootstrap support and low similarity in species composition, this division of Brazilian caddisfly fauna could be related to Amazon-Atlantic Forest disjunction, with the South American dry diagonal acting as a potential barrier throughout evolutionary time.
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Hotaling S, Kelley JL, Frandsen PB. Aquatic Insects Are Dramatically Underrepresented in Genomic Research. INSECTS 2020; 11:E601. [PMID: 32899516 PMCID: PMC7563230 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic insects comprise 10% of all insect diversity, can be found on every continent except Antarctica, and are key components of freshwater ecosystems. However, aquatic insect genome biology lags dramatically behind that of terrestrial insects. If genomic effort was spread evenly, one aquatic insect genome would be sequenced for every ~9 terrestrial insect genomes. Instead, ~24 terrestrial insect genomes have been sequenced for every aquatic insect genome. This discrepancy is even more dramatic if the quality of genomic resources is considered; for instance, while no aquatic insect genome has been assembled to the chromosome level, 29 terrestrial insect genomes spanning four orders have. We argue that a lack of aquatic insect genomes is not due to any underlying difficulty (e.g., small body sizes or unusually large genomes), yet it is severely hampering aquatic insect research at both fundamental and applied scales. By expanding the availability of aquatic insect genomes, we will gain key insight into insect diversification and empower future research for a globally important taxonomic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hotaling
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Joanna L. Kelley
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Paul B. Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84062, USA
- Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20002, USA
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41
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Urcola JI, Benetti CJ, Alarie Y, Rodriguez G, Michat MC. Characterization and mapping of sensilla on the head appendages of noterid larvae (Coleoptera: Noteridae), and development of a preliminary biometric method for taxa delimitation. J Morphol 2020; 281:1210-1222. [PMID: 32865277 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of the burrowing water beetle family Noteridae are distributed worldwide and are often abundant in a broad range of aquatic habitats, playing an important role in structuring freshwater communities, yet they have remained among the most poorly studied groups of aquatic beetles. Studies on sensillar equipment of aquatic insect larvae are largely lacking, despite their potential use in phylogeny and biometric identification methods. In this article, the external morphology and distribution of sensilla on the head appendages of first instar larvae of selected genera of Noteridae were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Seven main types were distinguished based on their morphological structure: basiconica (3 subtypes), campaniformia (2 subtypes), chaetica (7 subtypes), coeloconica (6 subtypes), coniform complex (2 subtypes), placodea, and styloconica (3 subtypes). The apex of the labial palpus was found to be the most variable and informative region in regard to the number, relative position, and topology of sensilla. Fingerprint models were, therefore, generated for this region in each of the studied genera, allowing their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan I Urcola
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Entomology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar J Benetti
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia (PPGEnt), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Yves Alarie
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Georgina Rodriguez
- CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano C Michat
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Laboratory of Entomology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Institute of Biodiversity and Experimental and Applied Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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42
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De León LF, Cornejo A, Gavilán RG, Aguilar C. Hidden biodiversity in Neotropical streams: DNA barcoding uncovers high endemicity of freshwater macroinvertebrates at small spatial scales. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231683. [PMID: 32764752 PMCID: PMC7413512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquatic macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in freshwater ecosystems, but their diversity remains poorly known, particularly in the tropics. This “taxonomic void” limits our understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes in freshwater ecosystems, and the scale at which they operate. We used DNA barcoding to estimate lineage diversity (and the diversity of unique haplotypes) in 224 specimens of freshwater macroinvertebrates at a small spatial scale within the Panama Canal Watershed (PCW). In addition, we compiled available barcoding data to assess macroinvertebrate diversity at a broader spatial scale spanning the Isthmus of Panama. Consistently across two species delimitation algorithms (i.e., ABGD and GMYC), we found high lineage diversity within the PCW, with ~ 100–106 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) across 168 unique haplotypes. We also found a high lineage diversity along the Isthmus of Panama, but this diversity peaked within the PCW. However, our rarefaction/extrapolation approach showed that this diversity remains under-sampled. As expected, these results indicate that the diversity of Neotropical freshwater macroinvertebrates is higher than previously thought, with the possibility of high endemicity even at narrow spatial scales. Consistent with previous work on aquatic insects and other freshwater taxa in this region, geographic isolation is likely a main factor shaping these patterns of diversity. However, other factors such as habitat variability and perhaps local adaptation might be reshaping these patterns of diversity at a local scale. Although further research is needed to better understand the processes driving diversification in freshwater macroinvertebrates, we suggest that Neotropical streams hold a high proportion of hidden biodiversity. Understanding this diversity is crucial in the face of increasing human disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. De León
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
- * E-mail:
| | - Aydeé Cornejo
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá, República de Panamá
| | - Ronnie G. Gavilán
- Centro Nacional de Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Lima, Perú
- Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Lima, Perú
| | - Celestino Aguilar
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá, República de Panamá
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panamá
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Kovalev A, Rebora M, Salerno G, Gorb S. Air-entrapping capacity in the hair coverage of Malacosoma castrensis (Lasiocampidae: Lepidoptera) caterpillar: a case study. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb225029. [PMID: 32527961 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.225029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The moth Malacosoma castrensis (Lasiocampidae) is commonly found along the Northern Germany coasts, the habitats of which are mainly represented by salt marshes subjected to sea level variations. Surprisingly, terrestrial caterpillars can withstand many hours of being flooded by seawater. The ability to withstand periods of submersion in a terrestrial insect raises the problem of respiration related to avoiding water percolation into the tracheal system. In the present study, we investigated under laboratory conditions the role of water-repellent cuticle structures in oxygen supply in caterpillars of M. castrensis submerged in water. For this purpose, air-layer stability tests using force measurements, and micromorphology of cuticle structures using SEM and fluorescence microscopy, were performed. A plastron appeared when a caterpillar is underwater. The stability, gas composition and internal pressure of the plastron were estimated. The plastron is stabilized by long and scarce hairs, which are much thicker than the corresponding hairs of aquatic insects. Thick and stiff hairs with sclerotized basal and middle regions protrude into the water through the plastron-water interface, while substantial regions of thin and flexible hairs are aligned along the plastron-water interface and their side walls can support pressure in the plastron even below atmospheric pressure. Additional anchoring points between hair's stalk and microtrichia near the hair base provide enhanced stiffness to the hair layer and prevent the hair layer from collapse and water entering between hairs. The advancing contact angle on hairs is more than 90 deg, which is close to the effective contact angle for the whole caterpillar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kovalev
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Manuela Rebora
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianandrea Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stanislav Gorb
- Department of Functional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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Ramulifho PA, Foord SH, Rivers‐Moore NA. The role of hydro-environmental factors in Mayfly (Ephemeroptera, Insecta) community structure: Identifying threshold responses. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:6919-6928. [PMID: 32760502 PMCID: PMC7391557 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater organisms are threatened by changes in stream flow and water temperature regimes due to global climate change and anthropogenic activities. Threats include the disappearance of narrow-tolerance species and loss of favorable thermal conditions for cold-adapted organisms. Mayflies are an abundant and diverse indicator of river health that performs important functional roles. The relative importance of key hydro-environmental factors such as water temperature and flow volumes in structuring these communities has rarely been explored in the tropical regions of Africa. Here, we investigate the response of mayfly species diversity to these factors in the Luvuvhu catchment, a strategic water source area in the arid northeastern region of South Africa. Mayfly larvae were sampled monthly in stones-in-current biotopes across 23 sites over a one-year period. The relationship between these environmental drivers and mayfly diversity was modeled using linear mixed effects models (LMMs) and a model-based multivariate approach. Threshold Indicator Taxa Analysis (TITAN) was used to model the response of mayfly species to important gradients and identify thresholds of change. Site-specific characteristic were the most important predictor of mayfly diversity, and there was considerable variation over time, with mayfly diversity peaking during winter. Along this, gradient temperature was the best predictor of assemblage structure, with five out of six reliable indicator species being cold-adapted, and a community threshold response at 19°C. Results support laboratory-based thresholds of temperature for mayfly species survival and development, extending empirical evidence to include field-based observations. Increased global (climate change) and local (riparian vegetation removal, impoundments) changes are predicted to have negative impacts on mayfly diversity and ultimately on ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pfananani A. Ramulifho
- SARChI‐Chair in Biodiversity Value and ChangeUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
- Department of Zoology and Centre for Invasion BiologyUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
| | - Stefan H. Foord
- SARChI‐Chair in Biodiversity Value and ChangeUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
- Department of Zoology and Centre for Invasion BiologyUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa
| | - Nick A. Rivers‐Moore
- Centre for Water Resources ResearchUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalScottsvilleSouth Africa
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Zhang QL, Li HW, Dong ZX, Yang XJ, Lin LB, Chen JY, Yuan ML. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) to explore the molecular adaptations to fresh water. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2676-2691. [PMID: 32512643 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic insects are well adapted to freshwater environments, but the molecular basis of these adaptations remains largely unknown. Most firefly species (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) are terrestrial, but the larvae of several species are aquatic. Here, larval and adult transcriptomes from Aquatica leii (freshwater) and Lychnuris praetexta (terrestrial) were generated to test whether the genes associated with metabolic efficiency and morphology have undergone adaptive evolution to fresh water. The aquatic fireflies had a significantly lower ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions than the terrestrial insects, indicating a genomewide evolutionary constraint in the aquatic fireflies. We identified 341 fast-evolving genes and 116 positively selected genes in the aquatic fireflies. Of these, 76 genes exhibiting both fast evolution and positive selection were primarily involved in ATP production, energy metabolism and the hypoxia response. We identified 7,271 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in A. leii (adults versus larvae) and 8,309 DEGs in L. praetexta (adults versus larvae). DEGs specific to the aquatic firefly (n = 1,445) were screened via interspecific comparisons (A. leii versus L. praetexta) and were significantly enriched for genes involved in metabolic efficiency (e.g., ATP production, hypoxia, and immune responses) and certain aspects of morphology (e.g., cuticle chitin, tracheal and compound eye morphology). These results indicate that sequence and expression-level changes in genes associated with both metabolic efficiency and morphological attributes related to the freshwater lifestyle contributed to freshwater adaptation in fireflies. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of aquatic adaptation in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Lin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Hong-Wei Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Dong
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lian-Bing Lin
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Yuan Chen
- LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming-Long Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agricultural Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Rocha-Ortega M, Rodríguez P, Bried J, Abbott J, Córdoba-Aguilar A. Why do bugs perish? Range size and local vulnerability traits as surrogates of Odonata extinction risk. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192645. [PMID: 32228412 PMCID: PMC7209059 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite claims of an insect decline worldwide, our understanding of extinction risk in insects is incomplete. Using bionomic data of all odonate (603 dragonflies and damselflies) North American species, we assessed (i) regional extinction risk and whether this is related to local extirpation; (ii) whether these two patterns are similar altitudinally and latitudinally; and (iii) the areas of conservation concern. We used geographic range size as a predictor of regional extinction risk and body size, thermal limits and habitat association as predictors of local extirpation. We found that (i) greater regional extinction risk is related to narrow thermal limits, lotic habitat use and large body size (this in damselflies but not dragonflies); (ii) southern species are more climate tolerant but with more limited geographic range size than northern species; and (iii) two priority areas for odonate conservation are the cold temperate to sub-boreal northeastern USA and the transversal neo-volcanic system. Our approach can be used to estimate insect extinction risk as it compensates for the lack of abundance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rocha-Ortega
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. P. 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Pilar Rodríguez
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Liga Periférico-Insurgentes Sur 4903 Col. Parques del Pedregal, Tlalpan, CP 14010 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Jason Bried
- Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1816 South Oak Street, MC 652, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
| | - John Abbott
- Alabama Museum of Natural History, The University of Alabama, Box 870340, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. P. 70-275, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, Distrito Federal, Mexico
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Osozawa S, Sato F, Wakabayashi J. Quaternary Vicariance of Lotic Coeliccia in the Ryukyu-Taiwan Islands Contrasted with Lentic Copera. J Hered 2020; 108:280-287. [PMID: 28164229 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lotic dragonflies and damselflies are expected to be more affected by vicariance than lentic sister species. We demonstrated that severe vicariant speciation acted on lotic Coeliccia in contrast to lentic Copera damselflies, which are both included in the family Platycnemididae. We constructed maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees of these Platycnemididae species from the continental islands of Ryukyu (Amami, Okinawa, and Yaeyama islands), Taiwan, and Japan relative to Chinese species using raxmlGUI and BEAST, based on the mitochondrial COI gene (682 bp), COII gene (494 bp), 16SrRNA (478 bp), and the nuclear 28SrRNA gene (807 bp). In BEAUti, we calibrated the splitting age of the MRCA of all the Coeliccia species as 1.55-0.15 million years ago (Ma), a date that corresponds to a geologic constraint: the Okinawa trough and associated straits, including the Yilan basin in Taiwan, began to rift at 1.55 Ma, isolating the Ryukyu-Taiwan islands from the Chinese continent. The vicariance split Coeliccia into the Ryukyu-side clade of Coeliccia ryukyuensis (Coe. r. ryukyuensis in Okinawa and Coe. r. amamii in Amami) and Coeliccia flavicauda (Coe. f. masakii in Yaeyama and Coe. f. flavicauda in southern Taiwan), and the Chinese-side clade of Coeliccia cyanomelas (northern Taiwan and China), separated by the Okinawa trough. These Coeliccia species were further deeply differentiated to form local populations on the major islands and some of the minor islands. The Copera clade constituted a sister of the lotic Coeliccia clade, but genetic differentiation was not recognizable in lentic Copera between China, Taiwan, and Japan. Base substitution rates applying a strict clock model were estimated for COI: 0.0783, COII: 0.0803, 18SrRNA: 0.0186, 28SrRNA: 0.00577, and combined: 0.0408 substitutions/site/myr, and these rates are relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Osozawa
- From the Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (Osozawa); Kumejima Firefly Museum, Kumejima-cho, Okinawa, Japan (Sato); and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Fresno, CA (Wakabayashi)
| | - Fumiyasu Sato
- From the Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (Osozawa); Kumejima Firefly Museum, Kumejima-cho, Okinawa, Japan (Sato); and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Fresno, CA (Wakabayashi)
| | - John Wakabayashi
- From the Department of Earth Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan (Osozawa); Kumejima Firefly Museum, Kumejima-cho, Okinawa, Japan (Sato); and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, California State University, Fresno, CA (Wakabayashi)
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Hrivniak Ľ, Sroka P, Bojková J, Godunko RJ, Soldán T, Staniczek AH. The impact of Miocene orogeny for the diversification of Caucasian Epeorus (Caucasiron) mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 146:106735. [PMID: 32001364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A common hypothesis for the high biodiversity of mountains is the diversification driven by orogeny creating conditions for rapid in situ speciation of resident lineages. The Caucasus is a young mountain system considered as a biodiversity hotspot; however, the origin and evolution of its diversity remain poorly understood. This study focuses on mayflies of the subgenus Caucasiron, one of the most diversified stenotopic mayflies inhabiting various types of streams throughout the Caucasus. Using the time-calibrated phylogeny based on two mitochondrial (COI, 16S) and three nuclear (EF-1α, wg, 28S) gene fragments, we tested the role of Caucasian orogeny in biogeography, diversification patterns, and altitudinal diversification of Caucasiron mayflies. We found that orogeny promoted the lineage diversification of Caucasiron in the Miocene. The highest diversification rate corresponding with the uplift of mountains was followed by a significant slowdown towards the present suggesting minor influence of Pleistocene climatic oscillations on the speciation. The Caucasiron lineages cluster into three principal clades originating in the Upper Miocene. We found a strong support that one of the three clades diversified via allopatric speciation in the Greater Caucasus isolated in the Parathetys Sea. The other two clades originating most likely outside the Greater Caucasus diversified towards high and low altitude, respectively, indicating possible role of climatic factors and/or passive uplift on their differentiation. Current high Caucasiron diversity in the Greater Caucasus is a result of in situ speciation and later immigration from adjacent mountain ranges after the Parathetys Sea retreat. Our phylogeny supported the monophyly of Rhithrogeninae, Epeorus s.l., Caucasiron, and Iron. Epeorus subgenus Ironopsis was found paraphyletic, with its European representatives more closely related to Epeorus s.str. than to Iron. Therefore, we re-arranged taxa treated within Ironopsis to comply with the phylogeny recovered herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľuboš Hrivniak
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Sroka
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Bojková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman J Godunko
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Tomáš Soldán
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Arnold H Staniczek
- Department of Entomology, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
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49
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Cain DJ, Croteau MN, Fuller CC. Competitive interactions among H, Cu, and Zn ions moderate aqueous uptake of Cu and Zn by an aquatic insect. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 255:113220. [PMID: 31546121 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The absorption of aqueous copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) by aquatic insects, a group widely used to assess water quality, is unresolved. This study examined interactions among Cu, Zn, and protons that potentially moderate Cu and Zn uptake by the acid-tolerant stonefly Zapada sp. Saturation uptake kinetics were imposed to identify competitive mechanisms. Decreasing pH reduced the maximum transport capacity, Jmax, in both metals, had little effect on the Cu dissociation constant, KD, and increased the Zn KD. Partial noncompetitive (Cu) and partial mixed competitive (Zn) inhibitor models most closely tracked the observed Cu and Zn influx rates across pH treatments. The estimated values for acid dissociation constants for the binary (proton-receptor) and ternary (proton-metal-receptor) complexes indicated the strong inhibitory effect of protons on Cu and Zn. In neutral pH water, Cu inhibited Zn influx, but Zn had little effect on Cu influx. The mechanism of Cu-Zn interaction was not identified. Results from separate Zn experiments suggested that the insect's developmental stage may affect the apparent Jmax. The study underscores some of the challenges of modeling metal bioaccumulation and informs future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Cain
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - M-N Croteau
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - C C Fuller
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
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50
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Frandsen PB, Bursell MG, Taylor AM, Wilson SB, Steeneck A, Stewart RJ. Exploring the underwater silken architectures of caddisworms: comparative silkomics across two caddisfly suborders. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 374:20190206. [PMID: 31495307 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caddisfly (Trichoptera) larvae assemble a variety of underwater structures using bioadhesive silk. The order is divided into two primary sub-orders distinguished by how the larvae deploy their silk. Foraging Integripalpia larvae construct portable tube cases. Annulipalpia larvae construct stationary retreats, some with suspended nets to capture food. To identify silk molecular adaptations that may have contributed to caddisfly diversification, we report initial characterization of silk from a net-spinner genus, Parapsyche, for comparison with the silk of a tube case-maker genus, Hesperophylax. Overall, general features of silk structure and processing are conserved across the sub-orders despite approximately 200 Ma of divergence: the H-fibroin proteins comprise repeating phosphoserine-rich motifs, naturally spun silk fibres contain approximately 1 : 1 molar ratios of divalent metal ions to phosphate, silk fibre precursors are stored as complex fluids of at least two types of complexes, and silk gland proteins contain only traces of divalent metal ions, suggesting metal ions that solidify the fibres are absorbed from the aqueous environment after silk extrusion. However, the number and arrangement of the repeating phosphoserine blocks differ between genera, suggesting molecular adaptation of H-fibroin through duplication and shuffling of conserved structural modules may correspond with the radiation of caddisflies into diverse environments. This article is part of the theme issue 'Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul B Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.,Data Science Lab, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20002, USA
| | - Madeline G Bursell
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam M Taylor
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Seth B Wilson
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Amy Steeneck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Russell J Stewart
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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