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Bodnaru A, Rusu A, Vîrgă D, Van den Broeck A, Blonk RWB, Trancă LM, Iliescu D. Efficacy of the iJobs Web-Based Psychoeducational Intervention to Improve Job Search Behavior and Promote Mental Health Among Unemployed People: Protocol for a Waitlist Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e55374. [PMID: 38717812 PMCID: PMC11112481 DOI: 10.2196/55374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment affects millions of people worldwide and, beyond its economic impact, has severe implications for people's well-being and mental health. Different programs have been developed in response to this phenomenon, but to date, job-search interventions have proved to be most effective, especially the JOBS II program. The JOBS II program proved not only to be effective for re-employment but also has a positive impact on beneficiaries' mental health (ie, reduces anxiety or depression). However, by now, this evidence-based program has been delivered only on site in the various countries where it was implemented. In the digital era, web-based alternatives to such programs are highly needed because they have the advantages of scalability and cost-effectiveness. OBJECTIVE In this context, we aim to investigate the efficacy of iJobs, the web-based adaptation of the JOBS II program, on job-search intensity and effort, the quality of job-search behaviors, and job-search self-efficacy. Further, 1 month after the intervention, we will also assess the employment status and the satisfaction with the job (if applicable). This study will also investigate the effect of iJobs on well-being and mental health (ie, anxiety and depression). METHODS This study is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial. The 2 independent groups (intervention vs waiting list control group) will be crossed with 3 measurement times (ie, baseline, the postintervention time point, and 1-month follow-up). The design will be a 2 (intervention vs control) × 3 (baseline, the postintervention time point, and 1-month follow-up) factorial design. iJobs is a 2-week intervention consisting of 6 modules: an introductive module and 5 modules adapted from the original JOBS II program to the web-based setting and Romanian population. The web-based intervention also has a human component, as beneficiaries receive personalized written feedback after each module on the platform from a team of psychologists involved in the project. RESULTS The enrollment of study participants started in June 2023 and is expected to end in May 2024. The data collection is expected to be completed by July 2024. The results are expected to be submitted for publication in the summer of 2024. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first large-scale randomized controlled trial aiming to test the efficacy of a web-based adaptation of the JOBS II program. If our results support the efficacy of iJobs, they will offer the premise for it to become an evidence-based, accessible alternative for unemployed people in Romania and might be implemented in other countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05962554; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05962554. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/55374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Bodnaru
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Andrei Rusu
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Delia Vîrgă
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Department of Work and Organization Studies, KU Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
- Optentia, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Roland W B Blonk
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | | | - Dragoș Iliescu
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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Bodnaru A, Rusu A, Blonk RW, Vîrgă D, Iliescu D, Van den Broeck A. iJobs - An online implementation of the JOBS II program for fostering reemployment: A feasibility and acceptability study. Internet Interv 2023; 34:100674. [PMID: 37779606 PMCID: PMC10539657 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of iJobs, an online adaptation of the JOBS II program (Curran et al., 1999). iJobs is a two-week internet intervention for the unemployed, consisting of five modules. This study is an open-label trial with an uncontrolled, within-group, pre-posttest, and follow-up design. Out of the 56 participants allocated to the intervention, 36 completed (Mage = 25 years; 57.1 % females) the post-test (36 % dropout), and 34 the three months follow-up. The protocol-compliant participants followed the modules with great engagement (mean quality of assignments completion above 4 points out of 5 for each module). The online platform's usability was high (84.86 points out of 100). Participants reported high overall satisfaction with the program. Our results suggest that iJobs is a feasible intervention and was accepted by its beneficiaries. Relative to baseline, inoculation against setbacks (d = 0.64), job search self-efficacy (d = 0.50), and self-esteem (d = 0.28) increased significantly, while future career anxiety in the COVID-19 context decreased significantly (d = 0.34). No significant differences were found for depression, anxiety, and job-search behaviors. At three months follow-up, 55.9 % of the participants found employment, 5.9 % were in a job selection process, and 38.2 % were still unemployed. Job satisfaction was high among the employed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrei Rusu
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Romania
| | - Roland W.B. Blonk
- Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Delia Vîrgă
- Department of Psychology, West University of Timișoara, Romania
| | - Dragoș Iliescu
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, University of Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Department of Work and Organization Studies, KU Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
- Optentia, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Blair M, Mitchell L, Gibson S, Rees CE, Ottrey E, Monrouxe LV, Palermo C. The graduate dietitian experience of employment and employability: A longitudinal qualitative research study from one Australian university. Nutr Diet 2023; 80:377-388. [PMID: 37400363 DOI: 10.1111/1747-0080.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diet-related chronic disease contributes significantly to the global burden of disease. Dietitians are best placed to address this disease burden, yet graduate dietitians may struggle to find employment. This study aimed to explore dietetics graduates' experiences of employment and employability, up to 6-month post-degree completion. METHODS Secondary data analysis of in-depth qualitative interview data and longitudinal audio-diaries was undertaken. An interpretivist approach was employed whereby knowledge was viewed as subjective and multiple realities exist. A total of five entrance interviews, 31 audio-diaries and three exit interviews, from nine graduates were included in the analysis. This comprised 12 h of longitudinal audio data. Thematic analysis was undertaken using a framework analysis method. RESULTS Four key themes were identified: (1) The tumultuous process of applying for jobs demonstrated that graduates struggled with repeated rejections. (2) The uncertain journey to employment indicated that job-seeking was a limbo stage marked by uncertainty. (3) Feeling the pressure showed that graduates experienced pressure from multiple sources. (4) Enhancing employability explained that graduates were not prepared for available employment opportunities, but utilised resources to increase their employability. CONCLUSION Diverse placement experiences may better prepare graduates for available employment opportunities. To enhance employability, it may be beneficial to assist students to develop job-seeking skills, and to engage in networking and volunteering experiences during their education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merran Blair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lana Mitchell
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simone Gibson
- School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charlotte E Rees
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Monash Centre for Scholarship in Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ella Ottrey
- Monash Centre for Scholarship in Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynn V Monrouxe
- Waranara (Healthcare Professions Education Research Network), Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Palermo
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang Y, Xu S, Chen Y, Liu H. A decline in perceived social status leads to post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adults half a year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic: consideration of the mediation effect of perceived vulnerability to disease. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1217264. [PMID: 37547198 PMCID: PMC10402898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1217264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose In December 2019, Wuhan, Hubei, China firstly reported the existence of the COVID-19 virus. It is crucial to prioritize the psychological well-being of citizens in lockdown cities and make more strides in the academic field of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to prepare for the post-pandemic era. Methods We took the cognitive-relational theory as our basis and collected Hubei province-level data (N = 3,465) to examine the impact of perceived social status decline on the prevalence of PTSD symptoms, and checked the mediating effect of perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) during the period of psychological adjustment. Results Using propensity score matching, we estimate the average treatment effect of perceived social status decline on PTSD level, and we robustly regress the two with weight adjustment generated in matching. We found that more decline in perceived social status is associated with a worse degree of PTSD symptoms, and confirmed PVD's buffering role although the mediating effect was not as high as hypothesized. Conclusion and implications Our study confirmed the decisive role of subject social status in health prediction compared to traditional socioeconomic measures, which extends the cognitive-relational in examining socioeconomic status and contributes to the dialog on socioeconomic inequality. We also suggested providing more social support at the community level and enhancing individuals' positive understanding to protect mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yean Wang
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuge Xu
- School of Sociology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijuan Liu
- School of Sociology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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Paul KI, Hollederer A. Unemployment and Job Search Behavior among People with Disabilities during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6036. [PMID: 37297640 PMCID: PMC10252648 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Not much is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic affected the labor market experiences of people with disabilities. Since they constitute a generally disadvantaged group in the labor market, it is important to scrutinize whether their position has worsened during these difficult times and how they reacted with regard to their job search behavior. We therefore used data for the year 2020 from a large German panel (Panel Arbeitsmarkt und Soziale Sicherung, PASS), in order to scrutinize the prevalence of unemployment among people with disabilities (N = 739) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The factors that affected their unemployment status were also analyzed. The study found that people with legally recognized disabilities were more often unemployed than non-disabled people, even when controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, gender, or education. This effect was significant for severe disabilities and marginally significant for minor disabilities. Additionally, the type of disability affected the probability of being unemployed, with cardiovascular diseases, mental illnesses, and musculoskeletal disorders carrying a higher risk. In terms of job-seeking behavior, unemployed people with disabilities reported using some job search methods more frequently than their non-disabled counterparts. However, the intensity of the job search did not differ significantly between the two groups. Further differences were found when analyzing the reasons for abstinence from searching for a job, with unemployed people with disabilities primarily citing health-related factors (with a frequency of over 90%). In summary, health played a pivotal role in determining disabled people's labor market experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Ingmar Paul
- School of Business, Economics, and Society, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90403 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Hollederer
- Department of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Faculty of Human Sciences (FB 01), University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany;
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Withdrawing from job search: The effect of age discrimination on occupational future time perspective, career exploration, and retirement intentions. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 234:103875. [PMID: 36870104 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Older job seekers dropping out of the active workforce is a major challenge for individuals, organizations, and society, resulting in the need to protect and extend their working lives. Based on the discouraged workers approach, this study used career construction theory to study how past experiences can discourage older job seekers and make them withdraw from the job search. Specifically, we explored how age discrimination is connected to lower levels of older job seekers' occupational future time perspective (i.e., remaining time and future opportunities) and how it results in less career exploration and higher retirement intentions. Using a three-wave design, we followed 483 older job seekers in two countries (the United Kingdom and the United States) over a total period of two months. Results of structural equation modeling showed that perceived age discrimination decreased older job seekers' remaining time and future opportunities. Further, remaining time was negatively linked to retirement intentions, whereas future opportunities were positively linked to career exploration. Furthermore, results revealed two indirect effects of age discrimination on (1) retirement intentions via remaining time and (2) career exploration via future opportunities. These results show how damaging age discrimination can be in the job search context and we call for the search of potential moderators that can buffer the negative impact of age discrimination. Practitioners should work on protecting older job seekers' occupational future time perspective to keep them active instead of losing them to early retirement.
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Begerowski SR, Hedrick KN, Waldherr F, Mears L, Shuffler ML. The forgotten teammate: Considering the labor perspective in human-autonomy teams. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
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Khachatryan K, Grigoryan A. Multidimensional Deprivation from Labor Market Opportunities in Armenia: Evidence from 2018 and 2020. COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC STUDIES 2023:1-40. [PMID: 36844108 PMCID: PMC9936945 DOI: 10.1057/s41294-023-00206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the multidimensional deprivation from labor market opportunities in Armenia by constructing a Quality of Employment measure. Using Labor Force Survey datasets for the years 2018 and 2020, we conduct a comparative analysis for a group of job-separated individuals. The identified dimensions of deprivation from labor market opportunities prior to and after the onset of COVID-19 are reasons for separating from a job, reasons for not looking for a job, and main obstacles in finding a job. These dimensions enable to study employee-level (supply factors) and job-related characteristics (demand factors). Our study shows that demand factors are the primary drivers of amplified deprivation in times of the pandemic. Also, we observe that the gender gap in the labor market deprivation has been increased during the pandemic, further amplified for married women. Interestingly, gender gap in deprivation is invariant to the occupational composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knar Khachatryan
- Manoogian Simone College of Business and Economics, American University of Armenia, 40, Baghramyan Avenue, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
- CERMi, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Aleksandr Grigoryan
- Manoogian Simone College of Business and Economics, American University of Armenia, 40, Baghramyan Avenue, 0019 Yerevan, Armenia
- CERGE-EI, Prague, Czech Republic
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Ferreira AI, Rodrigues R, Carvalho H, Truxillo D. Social interaction matters to job search over the long haul. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:1-19. [PMID: 36684465 PMCID: PMC9838532 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Based on social cognitive, reasoned action, and basic needs theories, this study examines whether co-rumination with others about the job search mediates the positive relation between state negative affect and job search intentions. In addition, we looked at how this positive indirect effect interacts with the social support received from different sources (such as friends, family, and significant others) at the beginning and six months after the initial job search process. Using a sample of 87 graduates (job seekers) from a Portuguese masters program, we used multilevel modeling to test this moderated mediation. Ages ranged from 22 to 53 years old (M = 29.45; SD = 7.60). Data were collected using measures to assess negative affect, co-rumination, perceived social support, and job search intentions. We found an indirect effect of state negative affect on job search intentions; when job seekers perceive higher levels of social support from significant others at the beginning of the job search, the positive, mediating role of co-rumination in this relationship is increased. Further, for a sub-sample of six-month job seekers, this positive indirect effect increased when there was also an increased perception of social support from family. Discussion focuses on implications for theory and practice and the role of co-rumination for unemployed people during job search.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides I. Ferreira
- Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rosa Rodrigues
- Instituto Superior de Gestão - Business & Economics School, Avenida Merechal Craveiro Lopes, nº 2, 1700-097 Lisboa, Portugal
- CEFAGE – Center for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics, Évora, Portugal
| | - Helena Carvalho
- Iscte – Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Centro de Investigação e Estudos de Sociologia (CIES-IUL), Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donald Truxillo
- Kemmy Business School, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
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Wang F, Qu JG. A study of relationship between social support, work values and job search behavior. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1021299. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1021299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has put more pressure on the labor market, reducing employment opportunities and increasing graduate unemployment. Therefore, this study was undertaken to explore the relationship between social support, work values and job search behavior. The theoretical model was tested using the data collected from 560 Chinese fresh graduates (Mage = 23.45 years; standard deviation = 2.02). The participants completed questionnaires that assessed their social support, work values and job search behavior. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. The results indicated that social support was positively and directly associated job search behavior and work value mediated the association between social support and job search behavior. These findings will encourage future researchers to investigate the phenomena of job search behavior.
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Fu C, Cai Y, Yang Q, Pan G, Xu D, Shi W. Career Adaptability Development in the School-To-Work Transition. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221120366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The development pattern of career adaptability has an important influence on individual mental health and career outcomes. Based on career construction theory, our study explored the development characteristics of the career adaptability of college students during the school-to-work transition and discussed how the notions of future work selves and core self-evaluation affect the development trajectories and development patterns of career adaptability. Our study investigated 429 college graduates at an interval of 6 months over the course of 1 year. The results indicated that the graduates had a positive career adaptability trajectory during the school-to-work transition. There were three different development patterns: rapid growth group, growth group, and stationary group. Future work selves predicted career adaptability positively and dynamically. A higher core self-evaluation predicted a higher initial level of career adaptability and a slower development speed. Our study has important implications for enriching career construction theory and career counseling practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhang Fu
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cai
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiandong Yang
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Pan
- Department of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dezhen Xu
- Department of Management, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendian Shi
- Department of Psychology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
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Yu X, Yuan Y, Liu X, He B. Different Dimensions of Grit as the Predictor of Job-Search Intensity and Clarity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:825509. [PMID: 35874379 PMCID: PMC9299424 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.825509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Job-search is considered as a developmental task for college students to move from campus to workplace. Based on the self-determination theory, 859 Chinese college students were selected as the study sample and hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore the perseverance of effort and consistency of interest on job-search intensity and clarity. The survey showed that the perseverance of effort has a significant positive effect on the job-search intensity, while it has no significant positive effect on job-search clarity. Consistency of interest has a significant negative effect on job-search intensity and a significant positive effect on job-search clarity. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed and the directions for future research are outlined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- School of State Governance, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuhong Liu
- Department of Police Management, Sichuan Police College, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin He
- School of State Governance, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Rice S, Leahy M, Klatt G. Navigating the matrix: career development and the responsibilisation of employability in Australia. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2022.2057923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Rice
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mary Leahy
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gosia Klatt
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Taye GD, Feleke YA. Prediction of failures in the project management knowledge areas using a machine learning approach for software companies. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-022-05051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper we propose a novel machine-learning model to predict project management knowledge areas failure for software companies using ten knowledge areas in project management based solely on the criteria of unambiguity, measurability, consistency, and practicability. The majority of software projects fail in software companies due to a lack of software project managers who are unfamiliar with the Project Management Knowledge Areas (PMKAs) that are used without considering the company's conditions or project contexts. By distributing questionnaires, we use an experimental methodology and the snowball sampling method to collect data from software businesses. We employ machine learning techniques including Support Vector Machines (92.13%), Decision Trees (90%), K-Nearest Neighbors (87.64%), Logistic Regression (76.4%), and Naive Bayes (66%) to adapt data from failed software projects. When we look at the results, Support Vector Machine outperforms the other four machine learning methods. High dimensional data is more efficient and contains nonlinear changes since Support Vector Machines deal with categorical data. The study's purpose is to improve project quality and decrease software project failure. Finally, we recommend collecting more failed project datasets from software businesses and comparing them to our findings to predict knowledge domain failure.
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Dorstyn D, Oxlad M, Roberts R, Murphy G, Potter E, Kneebone I, Craig A. MS JobSeek: A pilot randomized controlled trial of an online peer discussion forum for job-seekers with multiple sclerosis. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-211174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Peer-facilitated interventions have been successfully used in chronic disease management. Less is known about their application in vocational rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To pilot-test an online peer discussion forum to improve exploration of employment options in job-seekers with long-term multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Twenty-nine persons with relapsing/progressive MS (4–27 years since diagnosis) were recruited online and randomly assigned to an 8-week discussion forum led by peers and a moderator, MS JobSeek (n = 14), or an active control group (n = 15). Forum engagement and user satisfaction were examined, as were pre-post self-evaluations of job search behaviour, efficacy, and quality of life. RESULTS: A high (43%) attrition rate was noted, although intervention completers acknowledged and valued online mentors’ guidance and expertise. Group and time effects were not significant (p < 0.05), with both MS JobSeek and control participants reporting positive (e.g., increase in job search activities) and negative (e.g., lowered self-efficacy) change. CONCLUSIONS: The pilot findings suggest that online peer support is feasible, however more can be done to promote peer-to-peer communication. Recommendations for improving forum engagement and satisfaction in a future controlled trial, including strategies to better support mentees’ individualised needs, are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dorstyn
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa Oxlad
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Rachel Roberts
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gregory Murphy
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Potter
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ian Kneebone
- Discipline of Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ashley Craig
- Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, RNSH, St Leonards, Australia
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Jabbar H, Boggs R, Childs J. Race, Gender, and Networks: How Teachers' Social Connections Structure Access to Job Opportunities in Districts With School Choice. AERA OPEN 2022; 8:233285842210847. [PMID: 38881835 PMCID: PMC11178070 DOI: 10.1177/23328584221084719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Research in sociology demonstrates the way social connections shape access to information about job opportunities. In education, we understand less about how social networks impact the job process for marginalized teachers and teachers in nontraditional labor markets. This study examines how teachers in New Orleans and Detroit, cities with high concentrations of charter schools, use their networks to search for jobs, and how their experiences vary by race and gender. We find that in choice-rich environments, there was an extensive reliance on social networks in the hiring process, and teachers had different access to key social networks that can help to land jobs. Hiring decisions and unequal access to job opportunities among teacher candidates, in part due to the reliance on networks, created conditions where teachers who cultivated stronger networks, or with access to the "right" networks, had greater opportunity, with implications for racial and gender equity and diversity.
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Gabriel AS, Butts MM, Chawla N, da Motta Veiga SP, Turban DB, Green JD. Feeling Positive, Negative, or Both? Examining the Self-Regulatory Benefits of Emotional Ambivalence. ORGANIZATION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1287/orsc.2021.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
According to self-regulation theories, affect plays a crucial role in driving goal-directed behaviors throughout employees’ work lives. Yet past work presents inconsistent results regarding the effects of positive and negative affect with theory heavily relying on understanding the separate, unique effects of each affective experience. In the current research, we integrate tenets of emotional ambivalence with self-regulation theories to examine how the conjoint experience of positive and negative affect yields benefits for behavioral regulation. We test these ideas within a self-regulatory context that has frequently studied the benefits of affect and has implications for all employees at one point in their careers: the job search. Adopting a person-centered (i.e., profile-based) perspective across two within-person investigations, we explore how emotional ambivalence relates to job search success (i.e., interview invitations, job offers) via job search self-regulatory processes (i.e., metacognitive strategies, effort). Results illustrate that the subsequent week (i.e., at time t + 1; Study 1) and month (Study 2) after job seekers experience emotional ambivalence (i.e., positive and negative affect experienced jointly at similar levels at time t), they receive more job offers via increased job search effort and interview invitations. Theoretical and practical implications for studying emotional ambivalence in organizational scholarship are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison S. Gabriel
- Eller College of Management, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Marcus M. Butts
- Edwin L. Cox School of Business, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75205
| | - Nitya Chawla
- Mays Business School, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - Daniel B. Turban
- Robert J. Trulaske, Sr. College of Business, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Jeffrey D. Green
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
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Gulla B, Golonka K. Exploring Protective Factors in Wellbeing: How Sensory Processing Sensitivity and Attention Awareness Interact With Resilience. Front Psychol 2021; 12:751679. [PMID: 34867640 PMCID: PMC8634940 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.751679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between sensory processing sensitivity (SPS), attention awareness, and resilience and to determine whether attention awareness may moderate the relation between sensitivity and resilience. The sample consisted of 273 adults (239 women; Mage=24.12, SD=6.59years). The highly sensitive person scale, the resiliency assessment scale, and the mindful attention awareness scale were used in the study. The results indicate significant relationships between SPS and resilience; emotional reactivity is especially associated with lower resilience, whereas sensing the subtle is associated with higher resilience. The regression analyses revealed that SPS is a significant predictor of resilience, but diverse aspects of sensitivity explain resilience differently. Attentional awareness was found to be a significant moderator that strengthens the positive relationship between sensing the subtle and tolerance of negative emotions. The consequences of high sensitivity include high levels of distress, anxiety, and a sense of overload; therefore, searching for protective factors is important to maintain the wellbeing of highly sensitive people. As one of the characteristics of highly sensitive persons, sensing the subtle may be an important resource that allows to them to deal effectively with difficult situations. Training on attention awareness and conscious presence may be an important way to deal with negative emotions and develop personal competences. The results indicate that these strategies may be of high significance for improving wellbeing and protecting highly sensitive persons against various stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Gulla
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krystyna Golonka
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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19
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How to successfully manage the school-to-work transition: Integrating job search quality in the social cognitive model of career self-management. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Cmar JL, Steverson A. Job-Search Activities, Job-Seeking Barriers, and Work Experiences of Transition-Age Youths With Visual Impairments. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x211059182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to describe the job-seeking and work experiences of transition-age youths with visual impairments. Methods: We analyzed follow-up data from a quasi-experimental study of a job-search intervention conducted from 2016 to 2019. Participants were 88 youths with visual impairments from three states; approximately half received the job-search intervention, and the other half served as a comparison group. Measures included job-search activities and outcomes, job-seeking barriers, volunteer and work experiences, and parental support for job-seeking. Results: Commonly reported job-search activities were preparing or revising resumes, talking to people about jobs, submitting applications, and submitting resumes, but most participants performed these activities infrequently. Many job-seekers encountered barriers during their job search, and few searches resulted in paid employment. Participants generally reported moderate levels of preparation to handle job-seeking barriers and parental support for job-seeking. Intervention and comparison participants had similar results on most measures, with few exceptions. Discussion: When youths actively search for a job but do not find one, their motivation to continue job-seeking may be reduced, particularly if their preparedness to overcome job-seeking barriers is low. Although many participants had some engagement in volunteer or work activities, short-term work experiences were the most common—and perhaps most misunderstood—work activity. Implications for practitioners: Youths with visual impairments may benefit from feedback on their job-seeking approach, application materials, and interview skills so they can make changes and determine how to focus or refocus their efforts. In addition to offering feedback, service providers can provide ongoing support to youth job-seekers and encourage them to persist in their job search. Explicit discussions about different types of work activities may help transition-age youths understand how short-term work experiences differ from paid jobs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Cmar
- The National Research and Training Center on Blindness and Low Vision, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Anne Steverson
- The National Research and Training Center on Blindness and Low Vision, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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21
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Nurmohamed S, Kundro TG, Myers CG. Against the odds: Developing underdog versus favorite narratives to offset prior experiences of discrimination. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2021.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Santilli S, Ginevra MC, Di Maggio I, Soresi S, Nota L. In the same boat? An online group career counseling with a group of young adults in the time of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 2021; 22:623-641. [PMID: 34642592 PMCID: PMC8496436 DOI: 10.1007/s10775-021-09505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An online group of career counseling for unemployed young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic was developed. Twelve participants were involved in online group career counseling intervention, based on the Life Design for an inclusive and sustainable future. Results indicated at post-test on increased scores on career adaptability, resilience, future orientation, and propensity to identify inclusive and sustainable actions for the future than pre-test. Overall, the online group career counseling intervention effectively promoted particular aspects of young adults' life design for an inclusive e-sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Santilli
- University of Padua, Via Venezia, 14, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - M. C. Ginevra
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 14, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - I. Di Maggio
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 14, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - S. Soresi
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 14, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - L. Nota
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology, University of Padua, Via Venezia, 14, 35100 Padua, Italy
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Pavani JB, Fort I, Moncel C, Ritz H, Dauvier B. Influence of extraversion and neuroticism on the weekly dynamics of jobseekers' self-regulation. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Kreemers LM, van Hooft EAJ, van Vianen AEM. If you want a job, don’t just search hard, search systematically: A field study with career starters. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2021.1955857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loes M. Kreemers
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Okay-Somerville B, Scholarios D. Focused for Some, Exploratory for Others: Job Search Strategies and Successful University-to-Work Transitions in the Context of Labor Market Ambiguity. JOURNAL OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08948453211016058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article examines the role of student job search strategies that differ in goal-directedness (focused, exploratory, and haphazard) in achieving successful university-to-work transitions (i.e., employment in jobs with high skill use/development and qualification–job match). The relationship between job search and employment outcomes is considered in two labor market contexts—high or low ambiguity—which are represented by the comparison between arts, humanities, and social sciences (AHSS) and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduates, respectively. Using two-wave survey data, we find that job search strategies during university do not explain, yet differentially impact, successful outcomes one year after graduation. Fully exploring opportunities was particularly beneficial for STEM graduates (low ambiguity context) and more focused job search was beneficial for AHSS graduates (high ambiguity context). Paradoxically, findings both question and reinforce the efficacy of career agency for overcoming barriers to labor market entry, depending on the job search context. The study contributes to the agency and context debates relevant for school-to-work transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dora Scholarios
- Department of Work, Employment and Organisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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26
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A temporal perspective of job search: The relation between personality attributes, motivation, job search behavior, and outcomes. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Paver R, De Witte H, Rothmann S, Van den Broeck A, Blonk RWB. The Implementation and Evaluation of the South African Adaptation of the JOBS Program. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1418. [PMID: 32760313 PMCID: PMC7371856 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
No validated intervention that specifically addresses the psychosocial needs of unemployed people exists in the South African context. This study intends to evaluate an evidence-based job-search program, called the JOBS intervention, that is aimed at the self-efficacy, amotivation, and self-esteem related to participants searching for jobs. A quasi-experimental research design was used. Convenient samples were taken of unemployed individuals from two low-income communities (N = 130; experimental group = 69; control group = 61). The Qhubekela Phambili program, which is based on the JOBS program, was adapted for the South African context and was implemented over six 4-h sessions. Data collection took place pre- and post-intervention. One-way repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Those who had undergone the intervention showed statistically significantly higher levels of job-search self-efficacy and self-esteem. This study makes a novel contribution to the literature on the JOBS program, particularly regarding developing countries. This study showed that in a context characterized by poverty and a lack of support for the unemployed, the program also delivered promising results. It confirms previous findings that the JOBS program is suitable in a variety of labor market and economic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Paver
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Research Group Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans De Witte
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Research Group Work, Organizational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastiaan Rothmann
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Department of Work and Organization Studies, KU Leuven, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roland Willem Bart Blonk
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University Vaal Triangle Campus, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.,Healthy Living, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, Netherlands
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