1
|
García-Alfonso E, Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Pi M, Halberstadt N. Quantized vortex nucleation in collisions of superfluid nanoscopic helium droplets at zero temperature. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:074305. [PMID: 37602801 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We address the collision of two superfluid 4He droplets at non-zero initial relative velocities and impact parameters within the framework of liquid 4He time-dependent density functional theory at zero temperature. Despite the small size of these droplets (1000 He atoms in the merged droplet) imposed by computational limitations, we have found that quantized vortices may be readily nucleated for reasonable collision parameters. At variance with head-on collisions, where only vortex rings are produced, collisions with a non-zero impact parameter produce linear vortices that are nucleated at indentations appearing on the surface of the deformed merged droplet. Whereas for equal-size droplets, vortices are produced in pairs, an odd number of vortices can appear when the colliding droplet sizes are different. In all cases, vortices coexist with surface capillary waves. The possibility for collisions to be at the origin of vortex nucleation in experiments involving very large droplets is discussed. An additional surprising result is the observation of the drops coalescence even for grazing and distal collisions at relative velocities as high as 80 and 40 m/s, respectively, induced by the long-range van der Waals attraction between the droplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto García-Alfonso
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité (LCAR), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei" and CNISM, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35122 Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, Via Bonomea, 265 - 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité (LCAR), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ulmer A, Heilrath A, Senfftleben B, O'Connell-Lopez SMO, Kruse B, Seiffert L, Kolatzki K, Langbehn B, Hoffmann A, Baumann TM, Boll R, Chatterley AS, De Fanis A, Erk B, Erukala S, Feinberg AJ, Fennel T, Grychtol P, Hartmann R, Ilchen M, Izquierdo M, Krebs B, Kuster M, Mazza T, Montaño J, Noffz G, Rivas DE, Schlosser D, Seel F, Stapelfeldt H, Strüder L, Tiggesbäumker J, Yousef H, Zabel M, Ziołkowski P, Meyer M, Ovcharenko Y, Vilesov AF, Möller T, Rupp D, Tanyag RMP. Generation of Large Vortex-Free Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:076002. [PMID: 37656857 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.076002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Superfluid helium nanodroplets are an ideal environment for the formation of metastable, self-organized dopant nanostructures. However, the presence of vortices often hinders their formation. Here, we demonstrate the generation of vortex-free helium nanodroplets and explore the size range in which they can be produced. From x-ray diffraction images of xenon-doped droplets, we identify that single compact structures, assigned to vortex-free aggregation, prevail up to 10^{8} atoms per droplet. This finding builds the basis for exploring the assembly of far-from-equilibrium nanostructures at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anatoli Ulmer
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Heilrath
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Senfftleben
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Sean M O O'Connell-Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Björn Kruse
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lennart Seiffert
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolatzki
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Langbehn
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hoffmann
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Boll
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Adam S Chatterley
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Swetha Erukala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexandra J Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Fennel
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Markus Ilchen
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Bennet Krebs
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Kuster
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Georg Noffz
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fabian Seel
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Stapelfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department "Life, Light and Matter," Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hazem Yousef
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Zabel
- Institute for Physics, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Michael Meyer
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, 920 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Thomas Möller
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Rupp
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Institute of Optics and Atomic Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Pi M. Nanoscopic jets and filaments of superfluid 4He at zero temperature: A DFT study. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144306. [PMID: 37061465 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The instability of a cryogenic 4He jet exiting through a small nozzle into vacuum leads to the formation of 4He drops, which are considered ideal matrices for spectroscopic studies of embedded atoms and molecules. Here, we present a He-density functional theory (DFT) description of droplet formation resulting from jet breaking and contraction of superfluid 4He filaments. Whereas the fragmentation of long jets closely follows the predictions of linear theory for inviscid fluids, leading to droplet trains interspersed with smaller satellite droplets, the contraction of filaments with an aspect ratio larger than a threshold value leads to the nucleation of vortex rings, which hinder their breakup into droplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei" and CNISM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andersen JM, Voitiv AA, Ford PC, Siemens ME. Amplitude structure of optical vortices determines annihilation dynamics. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:223-228. [PMID: 36821192 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.475907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We show that annihilation dynamics between oppositely charged optical vortex pairs can be manipulated by the initial size of the vortex cores, consistent with hydrodynamics. When sufficiently close together, vortices with strongly overlapped cores annihilate more quickly than vortices with smaller cores that must wait for diffraction to cause meaningful core overlap. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements for vortices with hyperbolic tangent cores of various initial sizes show that hydrodynamics governs their motion, and reveal distinct phases of vortex recombination; decreasing the core size of an annihilating pair can prevent the annihilation event.
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Kazak L, Meiwes-Broer KH, Tiggesbäumker J. Ionization potentials of Mg N ( N = 7-56) clusters formed by spontaneous collapse of magnesium foam in helium nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:23350-23356. [PMID: 36134466 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ionization potentials of magnesium clusters (MgN, N = 7-56) are determined by doping ultracold helium nanodroplets (HeM, M ≈ 52 000) with Mg atoms. Inspecting the particle size distributions resulting from non-resonant, short-wavelength, single-photon ionization gives evidence that beyond a certain ensemble size, the developing foam structure undergoes a spontaneous collapse on the way to the laser interaction region. As a result, hot Mg clusters form in the relaxation process. The spontaneous collapse manifests in a substantial change in the size distributions, when recording mass spectra at wavelengths shorter than 272 nm. Tracing individual MgN signals as a function of laser photon energy allows extraction of size-specific ionization potentials, which for small clusters show a good agreement with results obtained from density functional theory simulations. The further development is compared to calculations based on the liquid drop model. However, even when quantum effects are included, the simple scaling law is not able to reproduce the development of the ionization potentials. The results suggest that small neutral magnesium clusters behave as non-metallic. The comparison to electron affinities and band gaps obtained from photoemission experiments on MgN- provides information on the charge state dependence of the non-metal-to-metal transition and properties like the Mulliken electron negativity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lev Kazak
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department "Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Josef Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany. .,Department "Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Briant M, Mestdagh JM, Gaveau MA, Poisson L. Reaction dynamics within a cluster environment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9807-9835. [PMID: 35441619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective article reviews experimental and theoretical works where rare gas clusters and helium nanodroplets are used as a nanoreactor to investigate chemical dynamics in a solvent environment. A historical perspective is presented first followed by specific considerations on the mobility of reactants within these reaction media. The dynamical response of pure clusters and nanodroplets to photoexcitation is shortly reviewed before examining the role of the cluster (or nanodroplet) degrees of freedom in the photodynamics of the guest atoms and molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Briant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Marc-André Gaveau
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lionel Poisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang J, Kong W. Electron diffraction as a structure tool for charged and neutral nanoclusters formed in superfluid helium droplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:6349-6362. [PMID: 35257134 PMCID: PMC10508180 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This perspective presents the current status and future directions in using electron diffraction to determine the structures of clusters formed in superfluid helium droplets. The details of the experimental setup and data treatment procedures are explained, and several examples are illustrated. The ease of forming atomic and molecular clusters has been recognized since the invention of superfluid helium droplet beams. To resolve atomic structures from clusters formed in droplets, substantial efforts have been devoted to minimizing the contribution of helium to diffraction signals. With active background subtraction, we have obtained structures from clusters containing a few to more than 10 monomers, with and without heavy atoms to assist with the diffraction intensity, for both neutral and ionic species. From fittings of the diffraction profiles using model structures, we have observed that some small clusters adopt the structures of the corresponding solid sample, even for dimers such as iodine and pyrene, while others require trimers or tetramers to reach the structural motif of bulk solids, and smaller clusters such as CS2 dimers adopt gas phase structures. Cationic clusters of argon clusters contain an Ar3+ core, while pyrene dimers demonstrate a change in the intermolecular distance, from 3.5 Å for neutral dimers to 3.0 Å for cations. Future improvements in reducing the background of helium, and in expanding the information content of electron diffraction such as detection of charge distributions, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lei L, Zhang J, Trejo M, Bradford SD, Kong W. Resolving the interlayer distance of cationic pyrene clusters embedded in superfluid helium droplets using electron diffraction. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:051101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0080365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Marisol Trejo
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Stephen D. Bradford
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tanyag RMP, Bacellar C, Pang W, Bernando C, Gomez LF, Jones CF, Ferguson KR, Kwok J, Anielski D, Belkacem A, Boll R, Bozek J, Carron S, Chen G, Delmas T, Englert L, Epp SW, Erk B, Foucar L, Hartmann R, Hexemer A, Huth M, Leone SR, Ma JH, Marchesini S, Neumark DM, Poon BK, Prell J, Rolles D, Rudek B, Rudenko A, Seifrid M, Swiggers M, Ullrich J, Weise F, Zwart P, Bostedt C, Gessner O, Vilesov AF. Sizes of pure and doped helium droplets from single shot x-ray imaging. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:041102. [PMID: 35105059 DOI: 10.1063/5.0080342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in x-ray free-electron lasers on producing ultrashort, ultrabright, and coherent x-ray pulses enable single-shot imaging of fragile nanostructures, such as superfluid helium droplets. This imaging technique gives unique access to the sizes and shapes of individual droplets. In the past, such droplet characteristics have only been indirectly inferred by ensemble averaging techniques. Here, we report on the size distributions of both pure and doped droplets collected from single-shot x-ray imaging and produced from the free-jet expansion of helium through a 5 μm diameter nozzle at 20 bars and nozzle temperatures ranging from 4.2 to 9 K. This work extends the measurement of large helium nanodroplets containing 109-1011 atoms, which are shown to follow an exponential size distribution. Additionally, we demonstrate that the size distributions of the doped droplets follow those of the pure droplets at the same stagnation condition but with smaller average sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Weiwu Pang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Luis F Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Curtis F Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Ken R Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Justin Kwok
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Denis Anielski
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Belkacem
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John Bozek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Carron
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tjark Delmas
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lars Englert
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße, 85741 Garching, Germany
| | - Sascha W Epp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Foucar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Medizinische Forschung, Jahnstrasse 29, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Martin Huth
- PNSensor GmbH, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739 München, Germany
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jonathan H Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stefano Marchesini
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Billy K Poon
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - James Prell
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rudek
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Artem Rudenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Seifrid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Michele Swiggers
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joachim Ullrich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Weise
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Petrus Zwart
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang J, Trejo M, Bradford SD, Lei L, Kong W. Electron Diffraction of Ionic Argon Nanoclusters Embedded in Superfluid Helium Droplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:9644-9650. [PMID: 34586826 PMCID: PMC8550877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report electron diffraction of cationic argon nanoclusters embedded in superfluid helium droplets. Superfluid helium droplets are first doped with neutral argon atoms to form nanoclusters, and then the doped droplets are ionized by electrons. The much lower ionization energy of argon ensures that the positive charge resides on the Ar nanocluster. Using different stagnation temperatures and therefore droplets with different sizes, we have been able to preferentially form a small ionic cluster containing 2-4 Ar atoms and a larger cluster containing 7-11 atoms. The fitting results of the diffraction profiles agree with structures reported from theoretical calculations, containing a cationic trimer core with the remaining atoms largely neutral. This work testifies to the feasibility of performing electron diffraction from ionic species embedded in superfluid helium droplets, dispelling the concern over the particle density in the diffraction region. However, the large number of neutral helium atoms surrounding the cationic nanoclusters poses a challenge for the detection of the helium solvation layer, and the detection of which awaits further technological improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Kong
- Corresponding author, , 541-737-6714
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fárník M, Fedor J, Kočišek J, Lengyel J, Pluhařová E, Poterya V, Pysanenko A. Pickup and reactions of molecules on clusters relevant for atmospheric and interstellar processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3195-3213. [PMID: 33524089 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this perspective, we review experiments with molecules picked up on large clusters in molecular beams with the focus on the processes in atmospheric and interstellar chemistry. First, we concentrate on the pickup itself, and we discuss the pickup cross sections. We measure the uptake of different atmospheric molecules on mixed nitric acid-water clusters and determine the accommodation coefficients relevant for aerosol formation in the Earth's atmosphere. Then the coagulation of the adsorbed molecules on the clusters is investigated. In the second part of this perspective, we review examples of different processes triggered by UV-photons or electrons in the clusters with embedded molecules. We start with the photodissociation of hydrogen halides and Freon CF2Cl2 on ice nanoparticles in connection with the polar stratospheric ozone depletion. Next, we mention reactions following the excitation and ionization of the molecules adsorbed on clusters. The first ionization-triggered reaction observed between two different molecules picked up on the cluster was the proton transfer between methanol and formic acid deposited on large argon clusters. Finally, negative ion reactions after slow electron attachment are illustrated by two examples: mixed nitric acid-water clusters, and hydrogen peroxide deposited on large ArN and (H2O)N clusters. The selected examples are discussed from the perspective of the atmospheric and interstellar chemistry, and several future directions are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Messner R, Ernst WE, Lackner F. Shell-Isolated Au Nanoparticles Functionalized with Rhodamine B Fluorophores in Helium Nanodroplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:145-150. [PMID: 33315408 PMCID: PMC7812593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles consisting of three different materials in a layered core@shell@shell structure are synthesized in cold helium droplets by sequential doping. Upon the formation of Au core particles, a first shell layer is formed by adding either Ar, isopropyl alcohol, or hexane. Subsequently, the droplets are doped with rhodamine B (RB) molecules; fluorescence spectra recorded upon laser excitation at 532 nm provide insight into the structure of the formed complexes. For the two-component Au@RB system, the RB fluorescence is quenched in the presence of the Au core. If an intermediate isolating shell layer is introduced (Au@shell@RB), the fluorescence increases again. The results demonstrate that shell-isolated nanoparticles can be formed inside He nanodroplets and functionalized in situ with additional molecules. As the structure of the particles depends on the pickup sequence, the approach can be exploited for the synthesis and investigation of a large variety of different combinations of plasmonic metals, intermediate layers, and molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Messner
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU
| | - Wolfgang E. Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU
| | - Florian Lackner
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria/EU
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Stielow T, Schmidt R, Peltz C, Fennel T, Scheel S. Fast reconstruction of single-shot wide-angle diffraction images through deep learning. MACHINE LEARNING: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/abb213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Single-shot x-ray imaging of short-lived nanostructures such as clusters and nanoparticles near a phase transition or non-crystalizing objects such as large proteins and viruses is currently the most elegant method for characterizing their structure. Using hard x-ray radiation provides scattering images that encode two-dimensional projections, which can be combined to identify the full three-dimensional object structure from multiple identical samples. Wide-angle scattering using XUV or soft x-rays, despite yielding lower resolution, provides three-dimensional structural information in a single shot and has opened routes towards the characterization of non-reproducible objects in the gas phase. The retrieval of the structural information contained in wide-angle scattering images is highly non-trivial, and currently no efficient rigorous algorithm is known. Here we show that deep learning networks, trained with simulated scattering data, allow for fast and accurate reconstruction of shape and orientation of nanoparticles from experimental images. The gain in speed compared to conventional retrieval techniques opens the route for automated structure reconstruction algorithms capable of real-time discrimination and pre-identification of nanostructures in scattering experiments with high repetition rate—thus representing the enabling technology for fast femtosecond nanocrystallography.
Collapse
|
15
|
Qiu H, Si Z, Luo Y, Feng P, Wu X, Hou W, Zhu Y, Chan-Park MB, Xu L, Huang D. The Mechanisms and the Applications of Antibacterial Polymers in Surface Modification on Medical Devices. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:910. [PMID: 33262975 PMCID: PMC7686044 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Medical device contamination caused by microbial pathogens such as bacteria and fungi has posed a severe threat to the patients' health in hospitals. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens to antibiotics, the efficacy of traditional antibiotics treatment is gradually decreasing for the infection treatment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new antibacterial drugs to meet clinical or civilian needs. Antibacterial polymers have attracted the interests of researchers due to their unique bactericidal mechanism and excellent antibacterial effect. This article reviews the mechanism and advantages of antimicrobial polymers and the consideration for their translation. Their applications and advances in medical device surface coating were also reviewed. The information will provide a valuable reference to design and develop antibacterial devices that are resistant to pathogenic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Qiu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhangyong Si
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peipei Feng
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xujin Wu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Wenjia Hou
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yabin Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Mary B. Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Long Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dongmei Huang
- Ningbo Baoting Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ernst WE, Hauser AW. Metal clusters synthesized in helium droplets: structure and dynamics from experiment and theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 23:7553-7574. [PMID: 33057510 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04349d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metal clusters have drawn continuous interest because of their high potential for the assembly of matter with special properties that may significantly differ from the corresponding bulk. Controlled combination of particular elements in one nanoparticle can increase the options for the creation of new materials for photonic, catalytic, or electronic applications. Superfluid helium droplets provide confinement and ultralow temperature, i.e. an ideal environment for the atom-by-atom aggregation of a new nanoparticle. This perspective presents a review of the current research progress on the synthesis of tailored metal and metal oxide clusters including core-shell designs, their characterization within the helium droplet beam, deposition on various solid substrates, and analysis via surface diagnostics. Special attention is given to the thermal properties of mixed metal clusters and questions about alloy formation on the nanoscale. Experimental results are accompanied by theoretical approaches employing computational chemistry, molecular dynamics simulations and He density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang E Ernst
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
González-Lezana T, Echt O, Gatchell M, Bartolomei M, Campos-Martínez J, Scheier P. Solvation of ions in helium. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2020.1794585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás González-Lezana
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olof Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Michael Gatchell
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massimiliano Bartolomei
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Campos-Martínez
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IFF-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tanyag RMP, Feinberg AJ, O’Connell SMO, Vilesov AF. Disintegration of diminutive liquid helium jets in vacuum. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:234306. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0004503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rico Mayro P. Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alexandra J. Feinberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Sean M. O. O’Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Andrey F. Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
O'Connell SMO, Tanyag RMP, Verma D, Bernando C, Pang W, Bacellar C, Saladrigas CA, Mahl J, Toulson BW, Kumagai Y, Walter P, Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Pi M, Bostedt C, Gessner O, Vilesov AF. Angular Momentum in Rotating Superfluid Droplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:215301. [PMID: 32530661 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.215301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The angular momentum of rotating superfluid droplets originates from quantized vortices and capillary waves, the interplay between which remains to be uncovered. Here, the rotation of isolated submicrometer superfluid ^{4}He droplets is studied by ultrafast x-ray diffraction using a free electron laser. The diffraction patterns provide simultaneous access to the morphology of the droplets and the vortex arrays they host. In capsule-shaped droplets, vortices form a distorted triangular lattice, whereas they arrange along elliptical contours in ellipsoidal droplets. The combined action of vortices and capillary waves results in droplet shapes close to those of classical droplets rotating with the same angular velocity. The findings are corroborated by density functional theory calculations describing the velocity fields and shape deformations of a rotating superfluid cylinder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M O O'Connell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Rico Mayro P Tanyag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Deepak Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Charles Bernando
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- OVO (PT. Visionet Internasional), Lippo Kuningan 20th floor, Jalan HR Rasuna Said No. B-12, Setiabudi, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia
| | - Weiwu Pang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Catherine A Saladrigas
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Johannes Mahl
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin W Toulson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia and CNISM, Università di Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Física, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université Toulouse 3, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Marti Pi
- Departament FQA, Universitat de Barcelona, Facultat de Física, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Andrey F Vilesov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
García-Alfonso E, Coppens F, Barranco M, Pi M, Stienkemeier F, Halberstadt N. Alkali atoms attached to vortex-hosting helium nanodroplets. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:194109. [PMID: 33687233 DOI: 10.1063/5.0008923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Light absorption or fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of alkali atoms attached to 4He droplets is investigated as a possible way for detecting the presence of vortices. To this end, we have calculated the equilibrium configuration and energetics of alkali atoms attached to a 4He1000 droplet hosting a vortex line using 4He density functional theory. We use them to study how the dipole absorption spectrum of the alkali atom is modified when the impurity is attached to a vortex line. Spectra are found to be blue-shifted (higher frequencies) and broadened compared to vortex-free droplets because the dimple in which the alkali atom sits at the intersection of the vortex line and the droplet surface is deeper. This effect is smaller for lighter alkali atoms and all the more so when using a quantum description since, in this case, they sit further away from the droplet surface on average due to their zero-point motion. Spectral modifications due to the presence of a vortex line are minor for np ← ns excitation and therefore insufficient for vortex detection. In the case of higher n'p ← ns or n's ← ns (n' > n) excitations, the shifts are larger as the excited state orbital is more extended and therefore more sensitive to changes in the surrounding helium density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Francois Coppens
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS, Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Pi
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei” and CNISM, Università di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35122 Padova, Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos, via Bonomea, 265 - 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Departament FQA, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Université Toulouse 3, Laboratoire des Collisions, Agrégats et Réactivité, IRSAMC, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lei L, Yao Y, Zhang J, Tronrud D, Kong W, Zhang C, Xue L, Dontot L, Rapacioli M. Electron Diffraction of Pyrene Nanoclusters Embedded in Superfluid Helium Droplets. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:724-729. [PMID: 31884792 PMCID: PMC7104692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report electron diffraction of pyrene nanoclusters embedded in superfluid helium droplets. Using a least-squares fitting procedure, we have been able to separate the contribution of helium from those of the pyrene nanoclusters and determine the most likely structures for dimers and trimers. We confirm that pyrene dimers form a parallel double-layer structure with an interlayer distance of 3.5 Å and suggest that pyrene trimers form a sandwich structure but that the molecular planes are not completely parallel. The relative contributions of the dimers and trimers are ∼6:1. This work is an extension of our effort of solving structures of biological molecules using serial single-molecule electron diffraction imaging. The success of electron diffraction from an all-light-atom sample embedded in helium droplets offers reassuring evidence of the feasibility of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Yuzhong Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Dale Tronrud
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Chengzhu Zhang
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Lan Xue
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Léo Dontot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Coppens F, Ancilotto F, Barranco M, Halberstadt N, Pi M. Dynamics of impurity clustering in superfluid 4He nanodroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17423-17432. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Snapshot taken at 75 ps of the capture of six Ar atoms hitting a 4He5000 droplet at 100 m s−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Coppens
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS
- Laboratoire des Collisions
- Agrégats et Réactivité
- IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
| | - Francesco Ancilotto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei” and CNISM
- Università di Padova
- 35122 Padova
- Italy
- CNR-IOM Democritos
| | - Manuel Barranco
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS
- Laboratoire des Collisions
- Agrégats et Réactivité
- IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
| | - Nadine Halberstadt
- Université Toulouse 3 and CNRS
- Laboratoire des Collisions
- Agrégats et Réactivité
- IRSAMC
- F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 09
| | - Martí Pi
- Departament FQA
- Facultat de Física
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|