1
|
McBee D, Kozhaya K, Wang L, Weikert MP, Koch DD. Repeatability of a Combined Adaptive Optics Visual Simulator and Hartman-Shack Aberrometer in Pseudophakic Eyes With and Without Previous Corneal Refractive Surgery. J Refract Surg 2024; 40:e645-e653. [PMID: 39254243 DOI: 10.3928/1081597x-20240718-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the intrasession repeatability of wavefront aberrations obtained by a combined adaptive optics visual simulator and Hartman-Shack aberrometer in pseudophakic eyes with and without previous corneal refractive surgery. METHODS Three consecutive measurements were performed in one eye of each individual. Total ocular aberrations were recorded up to the 5th Zernike order for a 4.5-mm pupil. Repeatability was assessed by calculating the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), the repeatability limit (R), and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Vector analysis was performed to assess astigmatism variability between scans. RESULTS The study enrolled 32 normal individuals and 24 individuals with a history of refractive surgery. In normal and eyes that had previous refractive surgery, respectively, the Sw values were 0.155 and 0.176 diopters (D) for sphere and 0.184 and 0.265 D for cylinder. The Sw values for all 3rd order terms ranged from 0.037 to 0.047 µm in normal eyes and 0.044 to 0.063 µm in eyes that had previous refractive surgery. The Sw for primary spherical aberration was 0.020 µm in normal eyes and 0.026 µm in eyes that had previous refractive surgery. ICC values for measurements of astigmatism yielded larger variability (ICC = 0.751 and 0.879). However, both groups demonstrated excellent repeatability (ICC > 0.9) for root mean square higher order aberrations (RMS-HOA) and total RMS values. CONCLUSIONS In pseudophakic eyes, the adaptive optics Hartmann-Shack device demonstrated acceptable repeatability for measurement of sphere and 3rd and 4th order HOAs with higher variability for astigmatism measurements, especially in eyes with a prior history of corneal refractive surgery. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(9):e645-e653.].
Collapse
|
2
|
Lorenceau J, Ajasse S, Barbet R, Boucart M, Chavane F, Lamirel C, Legras R, Matonti F, Rateaux M, Rouland JF, Sahel JA, Trinquet L, Wexler M, Vignal-Clermont C. Method to Quickly Map Multifocal Pupillary Response Fields (mPRF) Using Frequency Tagging. Vision (Basel) 2024; 8:17. [PMID: 38651438 PMCID: PMC11036301 DOI: 10.3390/vision8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We present a method for mapping multifocal Pupillary Response Fields in a short amount of time using a visual stimulus covering 40° of the visual angle divided into nine contiguous sectors simultaneously modulated in luminance at specific, incommensurate, temporal frequencies. We test this multifocal Pupillary Frequency Tagging (mPFT) approach with young healthy participants (N = 36) and show that the spectral power of the sustained pupillary response elicited by 45 s of fixation of this multipartite stimulus reflects the relative contribution of each sector/frequency to the overall pupillary response. We further analyze the phase lag for each temporal frequency as well as several global features related to pupil state. Test/retest performed on a subset of participants indicates good repeatability. We also investigate the existence of structural (RNFL)/functional (mPFT) relationships. We then summarize the results of clinical studies conducted with mPFT on patients with neuropathies and retinopathies and show that the features derived from pupillary signal analyses, the distribution of spectral power in particular, are homologous to disease characteristics and allow for sorting patients from healthy participants with excellent sensitivity and specificity. This method thus appears as a convenient, objective, and fast tool for assessing the integrity of retino-pupillary circuits as well as idiosyncrasies and permits to objectively assess and follow-up retinopathies or neuropathies in a short amount of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lorenceau
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR8002, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (R.B.); (M.W.)
| | | | - Raphael Barbet
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR8002, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (R.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Muriel Boucart
- CNRS, INSERM UMR-S 1172-Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Frédéric Chavane
- Institut des Neurosciences de la Timone-CNRS UMR 7289, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Cédric Lamirel
- Hopital Fondation, Adolphe de Rothschild 29, rue Manin, 75019 Paris, France; (C.L.); (C.V.-C.)
| | - Richard Legras
- LuMIn, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Centrale Supelec, Université Paris-Saclay, 91192 Orsay, France;
| | - Frédéric Matonti
- Centre Monticelli Paradis d’Ophtalmologie, 13008 Marseille, France;
| | - Maxence Rateaux
- Centre BORELLI, Université Paris Cité, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INSERM, SSA, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-François Rouland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpital Claude Huriez, CHRU de Lille, 59037 Lille, France;
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;
| | - Laure Trinquet
- Faculté des Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, Aix-Marseille Université, 13385 Marseille, France;
| | - Mark Wexler
- Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR8002, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France; (R.B.); (M.W.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barbieri M, Albanese GA, Merello A, Crepaldi M, Setti W, Gori M, Canessa A, Sabatini SP, Facchini V, Sandini G. Assessing REALTER simulator: analysis of ocular movements in simulated low-vision conditions with extended reality technology. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1285107. [PMID: 38638317 PMCID: PMC11024368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1285107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Immersive technology, such as extended reality, holds promise as a tool for educating ophthalmologists about the effects of low vision and for enhancing visual rehabilitation protocols. However, immersive simulators have not been evaluated for their ability to induce changes in the oculomotor system, which is crucial for understanding the visual experiences of visually impaired individuals. This study aimed to assess the REALTER (Wearable Egocentric Altered Reality Simulator) system's capacity to induce specific alterations in healthy individuals' oculomotor systems under simulated low-vision conditions. We examined task performance, eye movements, and head movements in healthy participants across various simulated scenarios. Our findings suggest that REALTER can effectively elicit behaviors in healthy individuals resembling those observed in individuals with low vision. Participants with simulated binocular maculopathy demonstrated unstable fixations and a high frequency of wide saccades. Individuals with simulated homonymous hemianopsia showed a tendency to maintain a fixed head position while executing wide saccades to survey their surroundings. Simulation of tubular vision resulted in a significant reduction in saccade amplitudes. REALTER holds promise as both a training tool for ophthalmologists and a research instrument for studying low vision conditions. The simulator has the potential to enhance ophthalmologists' comprehension of the limitations imposed by visual disabilities, thereby facilitating the development of new rehabilitation protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Barbieri
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia A. Albanese
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Merello
- Electronic Design Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Crepaldi
- Electronic Design Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Walter Setti
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Canessa
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvio P. Sabatini
- Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Sandini
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lotze A, Love K, Velisar A, Shanidze NM. A low-cost robotic oculomotor simulator for assessing eye tracking accuracy in health and disease. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:80-92. [PMID: 35948762 PMCID: PMC9911554 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-022-01938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Eye tracking accuracy is affected in individuals with vision and oculomotor deficits, impeding our ability to answer important scientific and clinical questions about these disorders. It is difficult to disambiguate decreases in eye movement accuracy and changes in accuracy of the eye tracking itself. We propose the EyeRobot-a low-cost, robotic oculomotor simulator capable of emulating healthy and compromised eye movements to provide ground truth assessment of eye tracker performance, and how different aspects of oculomotor deficits might affect tracking accuracy and performance. The device can operate with eccentric optical axes or large deviations between the eyes, as well as simulate oculomotor pathologies, such as large fixational instabilities. We find that our design can provide accurate eye movements for both central and eccentric viewing conditions, which can be tracked by using a head-mounted eye tracker, Pupil Core. As proof of concept, we examine the effects of eccentric fixation on calibration accuracy and find that Pupil Core's existing eye tracking algorithm is robust to large fixation offsets. In addition, we demonstrate that the EyeRobot can simulate realistic eye movements like saccades and smooth pursuit that can be tracked using video-based eye tracking. These tests suggest that the EyeRobot, an easy to build and flexible tool, can aid with eye tracking validation and future algorithm development in healthy and compromised vision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Al Lotze
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | | | - Anca Velisar
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA
| | - Natela M Shanidze
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, 2318 Fillmore Street, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Venugopal D, Wood JM, Black AA, Bentley SA. Effect of low luminance on face recognition in adults with central and peripheral vision loss. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:1344-1355. [PMID: 37392062 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of low luminance on face recognition, specifically facial identity discrimination (FID) and facial expression recognition (FER), in adults with central vision loss (CVL) and peripheral vision loss (PVL) and to explore the association between clinical vision measures and low luminance FID and FER. METHODS Participants included 33 adults with CVL, 17 with PVL and 20 controls. FID and FER were assessed under photopic and low luminance conditions. For the FID task, 12 sets of three faces with neutral expressions were presented and participants asked to indicate the odd-face-out. For FER, 12 single faces were presented and participants asked to name the expression (neutral, happy or angry). Photopic and low luminance visual acuity (VA) and contrast sensitivity (CS) were recorded for all participants and for the PVL group, Humphrey Field Analyzer (HFA) 24-2 mean deviation (MD). RESULTS FID accuracy in CVL, and to a lesser extent PVL, was reduced under low compared with photopic luminance (mean reduction 20% and 8% respectively; p < 0.001). FER accuracy was reduced only in CVL (mean reduction 25%; p < 0.001). For both CVL and PVL, low luminance and photopic VA and CS were moderately to strongly correlated with low luminance FID (ρ = 0.61-0.77, p < 0.05). For PVL, better eye HFA 24-2 MD was moderately correlated with low luminance FID (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.02). Results were similar for low luminance FER. Together, photopic VA and CS explained 75% of the variance in low luminance FID, and photopic VA explained 61% of the variance in low luminance FER. Low luminance vision measures explained little additional variance. CONCLUSION Low luminance significantly reduced face recognition, particularly for adults with CVL. Worse VA and CS were associated with reduced face recognition. Clinically, photopic VA is a good predictor of face recognition under low luminance conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Venugopal
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joanne M Wood
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex A Black
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon A Bentley
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen C, Lee VG. Looking away to see: The acquisition of a search habit away from the saccade direction. Vision Res 2023; 211:108276. [PMID: 37356376 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that attention can be habit-like, unconsciously and persistently directed toward locations that have frequently contained search targets in the past. The attentional preference typically arises when the eye gaze aligns with the attended location. Here we tested whether this spatial alignment is necessary for the acquisition of a search habit. To divert eye movements away from an attended location, we used gaze-contingent eye tracking, restricting the visible portion of the screen to an area opposite to the current gaze. Participants searched for a T target amidst a circular array of L distractors. Unbeknownst to them, the target appeared more frequently in one screen quadrant. Despite fixating on a location diametrically opposite to the visible, attended region, participants acquired probability cuing, producing quicker responses when the target appeared in the high-probability quadrant. They also showed a speed advantage in the diagonal quadrant. The attentional preference for the high-probability quadrant persisted during a testing phase in which the target's location was unbiased, but only when participants continued to search with the restricted view. These results indicate that a search habit can be acquired even when participants are required to look away from the high-probability locations. The finding suggests that the learned search habit is not solely a result of oculomotor learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States.
| | - Vanessa G Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, United States; Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tarita-Nistor L, Sverdlichenko I, Mandelcorn MS. What Is a Preferred Retinal Locus? Annu Rev Vis Sci 2023; 9:201-220. [PMID: 36944313 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-111022-123909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the concept of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) in patients with macular diseases. Considering monocular and binocular viewing, we (a) explain how to identify the PRL and discuss the pitfalls associated with its measurement, (b) review the current hypotheses for PRL development, (c) assess whether the PRL is the new reference point of the ocular motor system, and discuss (d) the functional and (e) the clinical implications of the PRL. We conclude that the current definition of the PRL is probably incomplete and should incorporate the need to evaluate the PRL in the framework of binocular viewing. We emphasize the need for more research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luminita Tarita-Nistor
- Krembil Research Institute, Donald K Johnson Eye Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;
| | | | - Mark S Mandelcorn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benedetto A, Kagan I. Active vision: How you look reflects what you are looking for. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R303-R305. [PMID: 37098332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
While we fixate an object, our eyes are never stationary but constantly drifting, with miniature movements traditionally thought to be random and involuntary. A new study shows that the orientation of such drift in humans is actually not random but is influenced by the task demands to improve performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Benedetto
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - Igor Kagan
- Decision and Awareness Group, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Goettingen 37077, Germany; Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yoshida K, Sakai O, Honda T, Kikuya T, Takeda R, Sawabe A, Inaba M, Koike C. Effects of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Eye-Hand Coordination and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movement after Visual Display Terminal Operation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intergroup Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061459. [PMID: 36986186 PMCID: PMC10054128 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The impairment of eye-hand coordination and smooth-pursuit eye movement caused by visual display terminal (VDT) operation is thought to impair daily living activities, for which no effective methods are currently known. On the other hand, various food ingredients, including astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin, are known to help improve the eye health of VDT operators. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the combination of astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin can prevent the impairment of eye-hand coordination and smooth-pursuit eye movement caused by VDT operation. (2) Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. Healthy subjects who regularly worked with VDTs were randomly assigned to the active and placebo groups. All of the subjects took soft capsules containing 6 mg of astaxanthin, 10 mg of lutein, and 2 mg of zeaxanthin or placebo soft capsules once daily for eight weeks. We evaluated the eye-hand coordination, smooth-pursuit eye movements, and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) at 0, two, four, and eight weeks after soft-capsule intake. (3) Results: The active group showed significantly improved eye-hand coordination after VDT operation at eight weeks. However, there was no clear improvement in the effect of the supplementation on smooth-pursuit eye movements. The active group also showed a significant increase in MPOD levels. (4) Conclusions: Consumption of a supplement containing astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin mitigates the decline of eye-hand coordination after VDT operation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Osamu Sakai
- Senju Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0048, Japan
| | - Tomoo Honda
- Senju Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0048, Japan
| | - Tomio Kikuya
- Senju Pharmaceutical, Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0048, Japan
| | - Ryuji Takeda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences for Well-Being, Faculty of Health Sciences for Welfare, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Osaka 582-0026, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Sawabe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | | | - Chieko Koike
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
- Center for Systems Vision Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zult T, Timmis MA, Pardhan S. The effects of age and central field loss on maintaining balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14743. [PMID: 36846451 PMCID: PMC9948744 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of age and central field loss on the landing mechanics and balance control when stepping up to a new level under time-pressure. Methods Eight older individuals with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), eight visually normal older and eight visually normal younger individuals negotiated a floor-based obstacle followed by a 'step-up to a new level' task. The task was performed under (1) no-pressure; (2) time-pressure: an intermittent tone was played that increased in frequency and participants had to complete the task before the tone ceased. Landing mechanics and balance control for the step-up task was assessed with a floor-mounted force plate on the step. Results Increased ground reaction forces and loading rates were observed under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. Across conditions, loading rates and ground reaction forces were higher in young normals compared to older normals and AMD participants. Young visual normals also demonstrated 35-39% shorter double support times prior to and during the step-up compared to older normals and AMD participants. All groups shortened their double support times (31-40%) and single support times (7-9%) in the time-pressure compared to no-pressure condition. Regarding balance control, the centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the anterior-poster direction were increased under time-pressure for young and older visual normals but not for AMD participants. The centre-of-pressure displacement and velocity in the medial-lateral direction were decreased for the AMD participants under time-pressure but not for young and older visual normals. Conclusions Despite walking faster, AMD participants did not adapt their landing mechanics under time-pressure (i.e., they remained more cautious), whilst older and young adults with normal vision demonstrated more forceful landing mechanics with the young being most forceful. A more controlled landing might be a safety strategy to maintain balance control during the step-up, especially in time-pressure conditions when balance control in the anterior-posterior direction is more challenged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk Zult
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Timmis
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom,Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine, and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nuthmann A, Thibaut M, Tran THC, Boucart M. Impact of neovascular age-related macular degeneration on eye-movement control during scene viewing: Viewing biases and guidance by visual salience. Vision Res 2022; 201:108105. [PMID: 36081228 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Human vision requires us to analyze the visual periphery to decide where to fixate next. In the present study, we investigated this process in people with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In particular, we examined viewing biases and the extent to which visual salience guides fixation selection during free-viewing of naturalistic scenes. We used an approach combining generalized linear mixed modeling (GLMM) with a-priori scene parcellation. This method allows one to investigate group differences in terms of scene coverage and observers' well-known tendency to look at the center of scene images. Moreover, it allows for testing whether image salience influences fixation probability above and beyond what can be accounted for by the central bias. Compared with age-matched normally sighted control subjects (and young subjects), AMD patients' viewing behavior was less exploratory, with a stronger central fixation bias. All three subject groups showed a salience effect on fixation selection-higher-salience scene patches were more likely to be fixated. Importantly, the salience effect for the AMD group was of similar size as the salience effect for the control group, suggesting that guidance by visual salience was still intact. The variances for by-subject random effects in the GLMM indicated substantial individual differences. A separate model exclusively considered the AMD data and included fixation stability as a covariate, with the results suggesting that reduced fixation stability was associated with a reduced impact of visual salience on fixation selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Nuthmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Miguel Thibaut
- University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Thi Ha Chau Tran
- University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, Lille, France; Ophthalmology Department, Lille Catholic Hospital, Catholic University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Muriel Boucart
- University of Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, INSERM, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shanidze NM, Lively Z, Lee R, Verghese P. Saccadic contributions to smooth pursuit in macular degeneration. Vision Res 2022; 200:108102. [PMID: 35870286 PMCID: PMC9831682 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2022.108102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Saccades during smooth pursuit can help bring the fovea on target, particularly in cases of low pursuit gain. Individuals with macular degeneration often suffer damage to the central retina including the fovea, which impacts oculomotor function such as fixation, saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements. We hypothesized that these oculomotor changes in macular degeneration (MD) would make saccades less appropriately directed (even if more numerous). To investigate saccades during pursuit in MD, we conducted a quantitative analysis of smooth pursuit eye movement data from a prior study, Vision Research 141 (2017) 181-190. Here we examined saccade frequency, magnitude, and direction across viewing conditions for MD and control participants during pursuit of a target moving in a modified step-ramp paradigm. Individuals with MD had more variability in saccade directions that included directions orthogonal to the target trajectory. PRL eccentricity significantly correlated with increases in saccades in non-target directions during smooth pursuit. These results suggest that a large number of saccades during pursuit in MD participants are unlikely to be catch-up saccades that serve to keep the eye on the target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zachary Lively
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Lee
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Preeti Verghese
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|