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Gao J, Boos AM, Kopp A, Isella B, Drinic A, Heim A, Christer T, Beier JP, Robering JW. Comparison of adipose derived stromal cells cultured on fibroin scaffolds fabricated by salt-leaching and by freeze-thawing. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 164:213992. [PMID: 39146605 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Fibroin, the main structural protein of Bombyx mori silk, is known for its mechanical properties, its biocompatibility and degradation characteristics in vivo. Various studies investigate its uses as cell carrier and/or material for surgical implants. Multiple protocols have been established to isolate fibroin from silk fibers and to produce scaffolds and films from fibroin solution. There is only limited literature available on how fibroin scaffolds manufactured by different methods compare to each other in terms of performance as cell carriers. This study compares the behaviour of human adipose derived stromal cells (ADSC) seeded on fibroin scaffolds produced by (i) salt-leaching and (ii) freeze-thawing. One type of freeze-thawing scaffold (poresize ≪ 315 μm) and three types of salt-leaching scaffolds (poresize ranging from 315 μm to 1000 μm) were used for this comparison. Measuring the DNA concentration on the seeded scaffolds as well as the seeded cells metabolic activity, we were able to determine freeze-thawed scaffolds to be superior for cell-seeding. ADSC seeded on salt-leaching scaffolds displayed a stronger downregulation of serum deprivation response gene than cells seeded on freeze-thaw scaffolds. In sum, our findings show that salt-leaching scaffolds offering different pore sizes differed much less among each other than salt-leaching from freeze-thawing scaffolds in terms of cell accommodation. Our work underlines the importance of physicochemical scaffold properties directly linked to different manufacturing methods and their influence on the cell seeding capacity of silk fibroin based carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A M Boos
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Kopp
- Fibrothelium GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - B Isella
- Fibrothelium GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Drinic
- Fibrothelium GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Heim
- Fibrothelium GmbH, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Christer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour (ITTN), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - J P Beier
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - J W Robering
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery - Burn Center, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Animal Hygiene, Animal Welfare and Farm Animal Behaviour (ITTN), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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2
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Lin RJ, Lin YC, Braby MF, Zwick A, Hsu YF. Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of silkmoths (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) suggest an origin in Southern Gondwana. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 200:108176. [PMID: 39128794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Silkmoths (Bombycidae) have a disjunct distribution predominantly in the Southern Hemisphere and Asia. Here we reconstruct the phylogenetic history of the family to test competing hypotheses on their origin and assess how vicariance and long-distance dispersal shaped their current distribution. We sequenced up to 5,074 base pairs from six loci (COI, EF1-α, wgl, CAD, GAPDH, and RpS5) to infer the historical biogeography of Bombycidae. The multilocus dataset covering 20 genera (80 %) of the family, including 17 genera (94 %) of Bombycinae and 3 genera (43 %) of Epiinae, was used to estimate phylogenetic patterns, divergence times and biogeographic reconstruction. Dating estimates extrapolated from secondary calibration sources indicate the Bombycidae stem-group originated approximately 64 Mya. The subfamilies Epiinae (South America) and Bombycinae (Australia, Asia, East Palaearctic, and Africa) were reciprocally monophyletic, diverging at c. 56 Mya (95 % credibility interval: 66-46 Mya). The 'basal' lineage of Bombycinae - Gastridiota + Elachyophtalma - split from the rest of Bombycinae c. 53 Mya (95 % credibility interval: 63-43 Mya). Gastridiota is a monobasic genus with a relictual distribution in subtropical forests of eastern Australia. The Oriental and African genera comprised a monophyletic group: the Oriental region was inferred to have been colonized from a long-distance dispersal event from Australia to South-East Asia c. 53 Mya or possibly later (c. 36-26 Mya); Africa was subsequently colonized by dispersal from Asia c. 16 Mya (95 % credibility interval: 21-12 Mya). Based on the strongly supported phylogenetic relationships and estimates of divergence times, we conclude that Bombycidae had its origin in the fragment of Southern Gondwana consisting of Australia, Antarctica and South America during the Paleocene. The disjunction between South America (Epiinae) and Australia (Bombycinae) is best explained by vicariance in the Eocene, whereas the disjunct distribution in Asia and Africa is best explained by more recent dispersal events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rung-Juen Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chow Rd, Sec 4, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, 8 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10041, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chow Rd, Sec 4, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Michael F Braby
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; The Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andreas Zwick
- The Australian National Insect Collection, National Research Collections Australia, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yu-Feng Hsu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chow Rd, Sec 4, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
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3
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Wang W, Ji L, Jing X, Zhao P, Xia Q. MicroRNA let-7 targets BmCDK1 to regulate cell proliferation and endomitosis of silk gland in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 31:1026-1040. [PMID: 38053466 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play critical roles in multiple developmental processes in insects. Our previous study showed that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock down of the microRNA let-7 in silkworms increased the size of larvae and silk glands, thereby improving the silk production capacity. In this study, we elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying of let-7 regulates growth. Identification of differentially expressed genes in response to let-7 knock down revealed enrichment of pathways associated with cell proliferation and DNA replication. let-7 dysregulation affected the cell cycle and proliferation of the Bombyx mori cell line BmN. Dual-luciferase and target site mutation assays showed that BmCDK1 is a direct target gene of let-7, with only 1 binding site on its 3'-untranslated region. RNA interference of BmCDK1 inhibited cell proliferation, but this effect was counteracted by co-transfection with let-7 antagomir. Moreover, let-7 knock down induced BmCDK1 expression and promoted cell proliferation in multiple tissues, and further induced endomitosis in the silk gland in vivo. Knock down of BmCDK1 resulted in abnormal formation of a new epidermis, and larval development was arrested at the 2nd or 3rd molt stage. Taken together, our results demonstrated that BmCDK1 is a novel target of let-7 in cell fate determination, possessing potential for improving silk yield in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Sericultural and Functional Genome and Biotechnology, Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Linshengzhe Ji
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyuan Jing
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Sericultural and Functional Genome and Biotechnology, Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Sericultural and Functional Genome and Biotechnology, Development and Reform Commission, Chongqing, China
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Kim S, Jang SY, Jha RK, Choi J. Naturally Derived Luminescent Material in Engineered Silk and Its Application as a Fluorescent Dye with a Large Stokes Shift and Sensing Capability. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4552-4561. [PMID: 38922676 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Silkworms have provided valuable byproducts (spanning from high-quality textiles to health supplements) to humans for millennia. Despite their importance in sericultural economy and biotechnology, manifold possibilities inherent in the myriad natural or artificially generated silk varieties have been underestimated. In this paper, we report that the Yeonnokjam silk strain, which shows light-green color, contains quercetin fluorochrome (QueF) in sericin, and QueF can be used as a fluorescence dye with a large Stokes shift and high sensitivity to environmental temperature and pH, thus functioning as an environmental sensing material. A Stokes shift exceeding 180 nm, a quantum efficiency of 1.28%, and a rapid fluorescence decay of 0.67 ns are obtained, which are influenced by solvent polarities. Moreover, QueF can be used as a UV blocker as well, and its low cytotoxicity and biocompatibility further suggest promising prospects for diverse application in cosmetics and medical materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jha
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwan Choi
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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5
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Chen C, Chen L, Liu X, Ma S, Chen K. Study on anti-BmNPV mechanism of branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases in silkworm. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105183. [PMID: 38636699 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is the most important virus that threatens sericulture industry. At present, there is no effective treatment for BmNPV infection in silkworms, and lncRNA plays an important role in biological immune response and host-virus interaction, but there are relatively few studies in silkworms. In this study, the four midgut tissue samples of the resistance strain NB (NB) and susceptible strain 306 (306) and the NB and 306 continuously infected with BmNPV for 96 h are used for whole transcriptome sequencing to analyze the differences in the genetic background of NB and 306 and the differences after inoculation of BmNPV, and the significantly different mRNA, miRNA and lnRNA between NB and 306 after BmNPV inoculation were screened. By comparing NB and 306, 2651 significantly different mRNAs, 57 significantly different miRNAs and 198 significantly different lncRNAs were screened. By comparing NB and 306 after BmNPV inoculation, 2684 significantly different mRNAs, 39 significantly different miRNAs and 125 significantly different lncRNAs were screened. According to the significantly different mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA screened from NB and 306 and NB and 306 after virus inoculation, the mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network was constructed before and after virus inoculation, and the BmBCAT-Bomo_chr7_8305-MSTRG.3236.2 regulatory axis was screened from them, and it was found that BmBCAT was not Bomo_chr7_8305 regulated in the genetic background, after viral infection, MSTRG.3236.2 competes for binding Bomo_chr7_8305 regulates BmBCAT. The whole transcriptome sequencing results were verified by qPCR and the time-series expression analysis was performed to prove the reliability of the regulatory network. The BmBCAT-Bomo_chr7_8305-MSTRG.3236.2 regulatory axis may play a potential role in the interaction between silkworms and BmNPV. These results provide new insights into the interaction mechanism between silkworms and BmNPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Han MJ, Luo C, Hu H, Lin M, Lu K, Shen J, Ren J, Ye Y, Westhof E, Tong X, Dai F. Multiple independent origins of the female W chromosome in moths and butterflies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9851. [PMID: 38896616 PMCID: PMC11186504 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Lepidoptera, the most diverse group of insects, exhibit female heterogamy (Z0 or ZW), which is different from most other insects (male heterogamy, XY). Previous studies suggest a single origin of the Z chromosome. However, the origin of the lepidopteran W chromosome remains poorly understood. Here, we assemble the genome from females down to the chromosome level of a model insect (Bombyx mori) and identify a W chromosome of approximately 10.1 megabase using a newly developed tool. In addition, we identify 3593 genes that were not previously annotated in the genomes of B. mori. Comparisons of 21 lepidopteran species (including 17 ZW and four Z0 systems) and three trichopteran species (Z0 system) reveal that the formation of Ditrysia W involves multiple mechanisms, including previously proposed canonical and noncanonical models, as well as a newly proposed mechanism called single-Z turnover. We conclude that there are multiple independent origins of the W chromosome in the Ditrysia (most moths and all butterflies) of Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaorui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Meixing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianghong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanzhuo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Eric Westhof
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9002 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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NODA M, DANSHIITSOODOL N, KANNO K, SUGIYAMA M. Silk-derived sericin/fibroin mixture drink fermented with plant-derived Lactococcus lactis BM32-1 improves constipation and related microbiota: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2024; 43:282-292. [PMID: 38966048 PMCID: PMC11220338 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
We previously showed through clinical trials that one plant-derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can improve constipation. We preliminarily found that the plant-derived LAB Lactococcus lactis BM32-1 can grow in a mixture of sericin and fibroin, which are extracted from silk and have been reported to help promote health. Thus, in the present study, we evaluated the favorable effect of a sericin/fibroin mixture (S/F-M), which was extracted from silk prepared from cocoons reared in an aseptic rearing system using an artificial diet, fermented with the BM32-1 strain through a clinical trial. The trial was conducted at Hiroshima University from June to October 2022 as a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized parallel-group comparative study with 50 eligible subjects (aged 23-71) who had an average defecation frequency of less than 5 times per week. The subjects were instructed to drink 100 mL of fermented S/F-M or placebo every day. After the 12 weeks of the clinical trial period, the average defecation frequency increased significantly-1.4 times higher than that at baseline in the test group-as compared with the placebo group. Furthermore, the fecal microbiota was also compared before and after treatment, revealing that intake of the fermented S/F-M significantly multiplied the relative abundance of the genera Enterococcus and Clostridium, which have been reported to contribute to the amelioration of constipation by improving the gut microbiota and producing butyric acid, respectively. In conclusion, the S/F-M fermented using the BM32-1 strain improves defecation frequency through alteration of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi NODA
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine,
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Narandalai DANSHIITSOODOL
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine,
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Keishi KANNO
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Hiroshima University
Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masanori SUGIYAMA
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine,
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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Jia K, Wang J, Jiang D, Zhao Q, Shen D, Zhang X, Qiu Z, Wang Y, Lu C, Xia D. Bombyx mori triose-phosphate transporter protein inhibits Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection by reducing the cell glycolysis pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131197. [PMID: 38554913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Bombyx mori triose-phosphate transporter protein (BmTPT) is a member of the solute carrier (SLC) family. Its main function is to transport triose phosphate between intracellular and extracellular. In this study, BmTPT was cloned and characterised from the fat body of the silkworm Bombyx mori, resulting in an open reading frame (ORF) with a full length of 936 bp, which can encode 311 amino acid residues and has eight transmembrane structural domains. BmTPT was distributed throughout the cell and deposited the most in the nucleus, and is expressed in all tissues of Bombyx mori. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection significantly up-regulated BmTPT expression in immune tissue fat bodies. In addition, overexpression of BmTPT significantly inhibited BmNPV infection and markedly reduced the expression of enzymes related to the cellular glycolytic pathway; on the contrary, down-regulation of BmTPT expression by RNA interference resulted in robust replication of BmNPV and a significant increase in the expression of enzymes related to the cellular glycolytic pathway. This is the first report that BmTPT has antiviral effect in silkworm, and also could result in a lack of energy and raw materials for BmNPV replication and infection through down-regulation of the cellular glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifang Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jinyang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Yin Wang
- Zhenjiang Agricultural Product Quality Inspection and Testing Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dingguo Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural and Animal Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China.
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9
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Wu Q, Jiang X, Wang LX, Liu ZY, Yang WY, Jing C, Xiao Y, Zhu Y, Dong ZQ, Lu C, Pan MH, Chen P. Bombyx moriSuppressor of Hairless is involved in the regulation of the silkworm cell cycle and endoreplication of the silk glands. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131819. [PMID: 38688334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is important in cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation. The transcriptional repressor Suppressor of Hairless [Su(H)] is a molecular switch for downstream target genes of the Notch signaling pathway but the regulatory mechanism of the Su(H) gene in the cell cycle is unclear. We determined the function of the Notch signaling pathway and Bombyx mori Su(H) [BmSu(H)] in the regulation of the silkworm cell cycle. Inhibition of Notch signaling promoted the replication of DNA in silkworm gland cells and expression of the BmSu(H) gene was significantly reduced. Overexpression of the BmSu(H) gene inhibited DNA replication and cell proliferation of silkworm cells, whereas knockout of the BmSu(H) gene promoted DNA replication and cell proliferation. Knockout of the BmSu(H) in silkworms improved the efficiency of silk gland cell endoreplication and increased important economic traits. We demonstrated that BmSu(H) protein can directly bind to the promoters of BmCyclinA, BmCyclinE and BmCDK1 genes, inhibiting or promoting their transcription at the cell and individual level. This study identified molecular targets for genetic improvement of the silkworm and also provided insights into the regulatory mechanism of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Lan-Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Zhen-Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Wen-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Cai Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Zhan-Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China
| | - Min-Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China.
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Beibei 400715, China.
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10
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Liu Z, Li C, Yang W, Wu Q, Xiao W, Zhu Y, Wei Q, Dong Z, Zhang G, Lu C, Pan M, Chen P. The Bombyx mori singed Gene Is Involved in the High-Temperature Resistance of Silkworms. INSECTS 2024; 15:264. [PMID: 38667394 PMCID: PMC11049829 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Temperature is an important factor in the growth, development, survival, and reproduction of organisms. The high-temperature resistance mechanism of insects may be significant for use in the prevention and control of insect pests. The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important Lepidoptera model species for studies on pest control in agriculture and forestry. We identified a gene in B. mori, the B. mori singed (Bmsn) gene, which is involved in the high-temperature resistance of silkworms. Sn proteins are highly conserved among species in many taxonomic groups. The overexpression of the Bmsn gene promoted the proliferation of silkworm cells, reduced oxidation, and reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species under stress. Interfering with the Bmsn gene had the opposite result. We constructed a transgenic B. mori strain that overexpressed the Bmsn gene. The physiological traits of the transgenic strain were significantly improved, and it had stronger high-temperature resistance. The Bmsn gene is involved in the process by which fat bodies respond to high-temperature stress. These findings provide insights into the mechanism of high-temperature resistance of insects and offer a new perspective on agricultural and forestry pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Qiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Wenfu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
- Sericultural Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Qiongqiong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhanqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Guizheng Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sericultural Genetic Improvement and Efficient Breeding, Sericulture Technology Promotion Station of Guangxi, Nanning 530007, China;
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Minhui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.L.); (C.L.); (W.Y.); (Q.W.); (W.X.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (Z.D.); (C.L.)
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11
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Yu Y, Chen K, Wang J, Zhang Z, Hu B, Liu X, Lin Z, Tan A. Custom-designed, mass silk production in genetically engineered silkworms. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae128. [PMID: 38562581 PMCID: PMC10983830 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Genetically engineered silkworms have been widely used to obtain silk with modified characteristics especially by introducing spider silk genes. However, these attempts are still challenging due to limitations in transformation strategies and difficulties in integration of the large DNA fragments. Here, we describe three different transformation strategies in genetically engineered silkworms, including transcription-activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated fibroin light chain (FibL) fusion (BmFibL-F), TALEN-mediated FibH replacement (BmFibH-R), and transposon-mediated genetic transformation with the silk gland-specific fibroin heavy chain (FibH) promoter (BmFibH-T). As the result, the yields of exogenous silk proteins, a 160 kDa major ampullate spidroin 2 (MaSp2) from the orb-weaving spider Nephila clavipes and a 226 kDa fibroin heavy chain protein (EvFibH) from the bagworm Eumeta variegate, reach 51.02 and 64.13% in BmFibH-R transformed cocoon shells, respectively. Moreover, the presence of MaSp2 or EvFibH significantly enhances the toughness of genetically engineered silk fibers by ∼86% in BmFibH-T and ∼80% in BmFibH-R silkworms, respectively. Structural analysis reveals a substantial ∼40% increase in fiber crystallinity, primarily attributed to the presence of unique polyalanines in the repetitive sequences of MaSp2 or EvFibH. In addition, RNA-seq analysis reveals that BmFibH-R system only causes minor impact on the expression of endogenous genes. Our study thus provides insights into developing custom-designed silk production using the genetically engineered silkworm as the bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Jingxia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Anjiang Tan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sericultural Scientific Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212100, China
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12
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Liu W, Huang T, Deng G, Mei X, Zhong S, Shen D, Zhang X, Jiang L, Zhao Q. Genetic and transcriptome analysis of the smb mutant in Bombyx mori. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101167. [PMID: 38113651 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
More than 600 mutations have been discovered in the history of silkworm domestication. It is important to study the formation mechanism of these mutations to further understand the life and development process of silkworms and agricultural pest control. The silkworm mutant smb was isolated from silkworm strain NCV, and transcriptome analysis was performed on the silkworm mutant. 796 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected at 48 h of the second instar stage with 669 genes significantly upregulated and 127 genes significantly downregulated. During the GO enrichment analysis, it was found that the enrichment of biological processes was mainly concentrated in proteolysis, carbohydrate metabolism, aminoglycan metabolism, organic substance metabolism, protein metabolism and so on. Based on the analysis of KEGG pathways, it revealed that the pathways enriched in lysosomes, AMPK signaling, fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling, galactose metabolism, and protein digestion and absorption were the most significant. Through these most significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG pathways, DEGs consistent with the phenotypic characteristics of the smb mutant were identified, including small body size, slow development, and successive death after the fourth instar. These results provided experimental evidence for the potential formation mechanism of smb mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibin Liu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - TianChen Huang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Gang Deng
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Xinglin Mei
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Shanshan Zhong
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Li Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
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13
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Ma S, Zhang T, Wang R, Wang P, Liu Y, Chang J, Wang A, Lan X, Sun L, Sun H, Shi R, Lu W, Liu D, Zhang N, Hu W, Wang X, Xing W, Jia L, Xia Q. High-throughput and genome-scale targeted mutagenesis using CRISPR in a nonmodel multicellular organism, Bombyx mori. Genome Res 2024; 34:134-144. [PMID: 38191205 PMCID: PMC10903940 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278297.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale genetic mutant libraries are powerful approaches to interrogating genotype-phenotype correlations and identifying genes responsible for certain environmental stimuli, both of which are the central goal of life science study. We produced the first large-scale CRISPR-Cas9-induced library in a nonmodel multicellular organism, Bombyx mori We developed a piggyBac-delivered binary genome editing strategy, which can simultaneously meet the requirements of mixed microinjection, efficient multipurpose genetic operation, and preservation of growth-defect lines. We constructed a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) plasmid library containing 92,917 sgRNAs targeting promoters and exons of 14,645 protein-coding genes, established 1726 transgenic sgRNA lines following microinjection of 66,650 embryos, and generated 300 mutant lines with diverse phenotypic changes. Phenomic characterization of mutant lines identified a large set of genes responsible for visual phenotypic or economically valuable trait changes. Next, we performed pooled context-specific positive screens for tolerance to environmental pollutant cadmium exposure, and identified KWMTBOMO12902 as a strong candidate gene for breeding applications in sericulture industry. Collectively, our results provide a novel and versatile approach for functional B. mori genomics, as well as a powerful resource for identifying the potential of key candidate genes for improving various economic traits. This study also shows the effectiveness, practicality, and convenience of large-scale mutant libraries in other nonmodel organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyuan Ma
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
| | - Tong Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Medical Center of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiasong Chang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Aoming Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xinhui Lan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Le Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Run Shi
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenbo Hu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Weiqing Xing
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ling Jia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;
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14
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Cao HH, Kong WW, Ling B, Wang ZY, Zhang Y, Guo ZX, Liu SH, Xu JP. Bmo-miR-3351 modulates glutathione content and inhibits BmNPV proliferation by targeting BmGSTe6 in Bombyx mori. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38258370 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play pivotal roles in the host response to invading pathogens. Among these pathogens, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is one of the main causes of substantial economic losses in sericulture, and there are relatively few studies on the specific functions of miRNAs in the B. mori-BmNPV interaction. Therefore, we conducted transcriptome sequencing to identify differentially expressed (DE) messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs in the midgut of 2 B. mori strains (BmNPV-susceptible strain P50 and BmNPV-resistant strain A35) after BmNPV infection. Through correlation analysis of the miRNA and mRNA data, we identified a comprehensive set of 21 miRNAs and 37 predicted target mRNAs. Notably, miR-3351, which has high expression in A35, exhibited remarkable efficacy in suppressing BmNPV proliferation. Additionally, we confirmed that miR-3351 binds to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of B. mori glutathione S-transferase epsilon 6 (BmGSTe6), resulting in its downregulation. Conversely, BmGSTe6 displayed an opposite expression pattern to miR-3351, effectively promoting BmNPV proliferation. Notably, BmGSTe6 levels were positively correlated with glutathione S-transferase activity, consequently influencing intracellular glutathione content in the infected samples. Furthermore, our investigation revealed the protective role of glutathione against BmNPV infection in BmN cells. In summary, miR-3351 modulates glutathione content by downregulating BmGSTe6 to inhibit BmNPV proliferation in B. mori. Our findings enriched the research on the role of B. mori miRNAs in the defense against BmNPV infection, and suggests that the antiviral molecule, glutathione, offers a novel perspective on preventing viral infection in sericulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hua Cao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Wei Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Bing Ling
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Xiao Guo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
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15
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Ouyang G, Qian H, Sun J, Yang R, Gui T, Wang W, Liu Q, Chen A. Proteomics Analysis to Explore the Resistance Genes of Silkworm to Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:59. [PMID: 38254949 PMCID: PMC10815149 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The resistance of silkworms to Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is controlled by a major dominant gene and multiple modifying genes. Given the presence of modified genes, it is difficult to determine the main gene by positional cloning. In this study, the main anti-BmNPV gene of BmNPV-resistant silkworm variety N was introduced into the susceptible variety Su to breed the near-isogenic line SuN with BmNPV resistance. The infection process of BmNPV in the hemolymph of Su and SuN was analyzed using the cell analysis system TissueFAXS PLUS. According to the law of infection and proliferation, hemolymph was extracted every 6 h for two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Seven DEPs were found in comparisons between Su and SuN by 2-DE analysis. Among them, acid phosphatase, storage protein, and phenoloxidase can prevent pathogen invasion, which may play a role against BmNPV. Polyamine oxidase plays an important role in energy metabolism, which may be indirectly involved in the process of resisting BmNPV. Most of the transcriptional expression profiles of the seven DEPs were consistent with the 2-DE results. This study can provide a reference for the identification of anti-BmNPV genes and the breeding of BmNPV-resistant silkworm varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Heying Qian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
- Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Juan Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Runhuan Yang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Tao Gui
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
| | - Wenbing Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Anli Chen
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China
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16
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Qie X, Yan X, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhang L, Hao C, Lu Z, Ma L. Serpin-4 Negatively Regulates Prophenoloxidase Activation and Antimicrobial Peptide Synthesis in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:313. [PMID: 38203484 PMCID: PMC10778760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The prophenoloxidase (PPO) activation and Toll antimicrobial peptide synthesis pathways are two critical immune responses in the insect immune system. The activation of these pathways is mediated by the cascade of serine proteases, which is negatively regulated by serpins. In this study, we identified a typical serpin, BmSerpin-4, in silkworms, whose expression was dramatically up-regulated in the fat body and hemocytes after bacterial infections. The pre-injection of recombinant BmSerpin-4 remarkably decreased the antibacterial activity of the hemolymph and the expression of the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) gloverin-3, cecropin-D, cecropin-E, and moricin in the fat body under Micrococcus luteus and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O: 3 (YP III) infection. Meanwhile, the inhibition of systemic melanization, PO activity, and PPO activation by BmSerpin-4 was also observed. Hemolymph proteinase 1 (HP1), serine protease 2 (SP2), HP6, and SP21 were predicted as the candidate target serine proteases for BmSerpin-4 through the analysis of residues adjacent to the scissile bond and comparisons of orthologous genes in Manduca sexta. This suggests that HP1, SP2, HP6, and SP21 might be essential in the activation of the serine protease cascade in both the Toll and PPO pathways in silkworms. Our study provided a comprehensive characterization of BmSerpin-4 and clues for the further dissection of silkworm PPO and Toll activation signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Qie
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Xizhong Yan
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Wentao Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Yaya Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Chi Hao
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
| | - Zhiqiang Lu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (X.Q.); (X.Y.); (W.W.); (Y.L.); (L.Z.); (C.H.)
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17
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Qian L, Yang X, Xu X, Yang D, Zhu C, Yi M, Bi H, Wang Y, Huang Y. SPSL1 is essential for spermatophore formation and sperm activation in Spodoptera frugiperda. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011073. [PMID: 38048348 PMCID: PMC10721193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The reproductive process in various species has undergone evolutionary adaptations at both the physiological and molecular levels, playing a significant role in maintaining their populations. In lepidopteran insects, the spermatophore is a unique structure formed in the female reproductive system, in which sperm storage and activation take place. It is known that the formation of the spermatophore is regulated by seminal fluid proteins derived from males. However, studies investigating the genetic mechanisms behind spermatophore formation in lepidopterans have been limited. In this study, our focus was on SPSL1, a gene that encodes a trypsin-type seminal fluid protein in Spodoptera frugiperda, a pest species with global invasive tendencies. Our findings revealed that SPSL1 expression was predominantly observed in the male reproductive tracts, and the disruption of this gene resulted in male sterility. Surprisingly, fluorescence analysis indicated that the absence of SPSL1 did not affect spermatogenesis or sperm migration within the male reproductive system. However, when females mated with SPSL1-mutant males, several defects were observed. These included disruptions in spermatophore formation, sperm activation in the copulatory bursae, and sperm migration into the spermathecae. Additionally, mass spectrometry analysis highlighted reduced levels of energy-related metabolites, suggesting that SPSL1 plays an essential role in promoting hydrolysis reactions during copulation. Consequently, our study demonstrates that SPSL1 is crucial for male fertility due to its functions in spermatophore formation and sperm activation. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic factors underlying reproductive processes in lepidopteran insects and sheds light on potential strategies for controlling invasive pest populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lansa Qian
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaomiao Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism/School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism/School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Liu H, Xu J, Wang L, Guo P, Tang Z, Sun X, Tang X, Wang W, Wang L, Cao Y, Xia Q, Zhao P. Serpin-1a and serpin-6 regulate the Toll pathway immune homeostasis by synergistically inhibiting the Spätzle-processing enzyme CLIP2 in silkworm, Bombyx mori. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011740. [PMID: 37851691 PMCID: PMC10629668 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Toll receptor signaling pathway is an important innate immune response of insects to pathogen infection; its extracellular signal transduction involves serine protease cascade activation. However, excessive or constitutive activation of the Toll pathway can be detrimental. Hence, the balance between activation and inhibition of the extracellular protease cascade must be tightly regulated to achieve favorable outcomes. Previous studies have shown that serpins-serine protease inhibitors-negatively regulate insect innate immunity by inhibiting extracellular protease cascade signaling. Although the roles of serpins in insect innate immunity are well described, the physiological mechanisms underlying their synergistic effects remain poorly understand. Here, we characterize the molecular mechanism by which serpin-1a and serpin-6 synergistically maintain immune homeostasis of the silkworm Toll pathway under physiological and pathological conditions. Through in vitro biochemical assays and in vivo bioassays, we demonstrate that clip-domain serine protease 2 (CLIP2), as the Toll cascade-activating terminal protease, is responsible for processing proSpätzle1 to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides. Further biochemical and genetic analyses indicate that constitutively expressed serpin-1a and inducible serpin-6 synergistically target CLIP2 to maintain homeostasis of the silkworm Toll pathway under physiological and pathological conditions. Taken together, this study provides new insights into the precise regulation of Toll cascade activation signals in insect innate immune responses and highlights the importance and complexity of insect immune homeostasis regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luoling Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pengchao Guo
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangchen Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine & Health Science, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory for Germplasm Creation in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing, China
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19
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Sun J, Zheng X, Ouyang G, Qian H, Chen A. Ebony plays an important role in egg hatching and 30k protein expression of silkworm (Bombyx mori). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 113:e22014. [PMID: 37032458 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
QiufengN is a silkworm strain. During the feeding process of QiufengN, a mutant of black pupal cuticle QiufengNBP was found. Some silkworm pupae of the mutant were unable to easily molt during pupation, and some silkworm eggs produced by developed normally but larvae were unable to break out of the eggshells. These phenomena had not been observed in other black pupa mutants. Genetic analysis showed that the melanization trait of QiufengNBP is controlled by a recessive gene located on the autosome and follows Mendelian inheritance. Results of positional cloning and qRT-PCR showed that the occurrence of black pupae was caused by the mutation of the ebony gene on chromosome 26. 2-DE analysis of the pupal cuticle of QiufengN and QiufengNBP found that the 30K protein, the main storage protein for the growth and development of silkworms and an important energy substance for embryonic development, has changed significantly. In addition, the expression level of Bombyx mori hatching enzyme (BmHEL), which can soften the eggshell during the hatching process of silkworm, was significantly higher in the eggs of black pupae before and after hatching than in normal eggs. The mutation of ebony makes hatching difficult for silkworms, and increases in BmHEL is needed to soften the eggshell. This study showed that ebony may have important effects on the formation of silkworm pigment and egg hatching, and its formation mechanism is complex and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gui Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Heying Qian
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anli Chen
- Key Sericultural Laboratory of Shaanxi, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
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20
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Fan YX, Andoh V, Chen L. Multi-omics study and ncRNA regulation of anti-BmNPV in silkworms, Bombyx mori: an update. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123448. [PMID: 37275131 PMCID: PMC10232802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori silkworm is an important economic insect which has a significant contribution to the improvement of the economy. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a vitally significant purulent virus that impedes the sustainable and stable development of the silkworm industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. In recent years, with the development of biotechnology, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the related techniques have been used to select BmNPV-resistant genes, proteins, and metabolites. The regulatory networks between viruses and hosts have been gradually clarified with the discovery of ncRNAs, such as miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in cells. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the results of current multi-omics and ncRNA studies on BmNPV resistance in the silkworm, providing some references for resistant strategies in the silkworm to BmNPV.
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21
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Yang Z, Wang K, Liu S, Li X, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang H, Yu H. Identification and functional analysis of isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase genes in the whiteflies Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2023; 23:16. [PMID: 37335595 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The juvenile hormone (JH) plays a vital role in the regulation of a number of physiological processes, including development, reproduction, and ovarian maturation. Isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (IPPI) is a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of JH. In this study, we identified an isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase protein from Bemisia tabaci and named it BtabIPPI. The open reading frame (ORF) of BtabIPPI is 768 bp and encodes a protein of 255 amino acids that contains a conserved domain of the Nudix family. The temporal and spatial expression profiles showed that BtabIPPI was highly expressed in the female adults.RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated silencing of BtabIPPI reduced JH titers and the relative expression of vitellogenin receptor (VgR) and JH signaling pathway genes, resulting in a dramatic reduction in fecundity and hatchability. These results indicate that the BtabIPPI gene plays an important role in the female fecundity of B. tabaci. This study will broaden our understanding of the function of IPPI in regulating insect reproduction and provide a theoretical basis for targeting IPPI for pest control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Yang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Kui Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Shunxiao Liu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agrarian Technology and Natural Resources, Sumy National Agrarian University, Sumy 40021, Ukraine
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Liuhao Wang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Natural Resources, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
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22
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Li H, He Y, Lu J, Jia L, Liu Y, Yang D, Shao S, Lv G, Yang H, Zheng H, Zhou Y, Peng Z. A pilot study of stable isotope fractionation in Bombyx mori rearing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6643. [PMID: 37095173 PMCID: PMC10126144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen isotopes derived from three different strains of silkworms at different life stages involved in silkworm rearing, were measured to understand the fractionation characteristics of stable isotopes at different stages of silkworm development, and to trace the movement of these isotopes from food to larva to excrement and finally to silk. We found that silkworm strain had little effect on δ2H, δ18O and δ13C values. However, a large difference was found in the δ15N levels of newly-hatched silkworms between Jingsong Haoyue and Hua Kang No. 3 orthogonal strains, suggesting that the mating and egg laying differences may result in an inconsistent kinetic nitrogen isotope fractionation. The δ13C values of silkworm pupae and silkworm cocoon also displayed significant differences, suggesting that heavy carbon isotopes are greatly fractionated from the larva to the silk during cocoon formation. Overall, these results may be used to clarify the relationship between isotope fractionation and the ecological process of the Bombyx mori and expand our ability to resolve stable isotope anomalies at a small regional-scale level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yujie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jinzhong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Liling Jia
- China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Gang Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | | | | | - Yang Zhou
- China National Silk Museum, Hangzhou, 310002, China.
| | - Zhiqin Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
- Institute of Textile Conservation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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23
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Ye X, Wu M, Wang X, Dai X, Yu S, Tang X, Wang X, Zhong B. Sex separation by body color via a W-chromosome-linked transgene. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123649. [PMID: 36780960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Sex separation processes are important for commercial insect production and sterile insect techniques. Here, we describe the transgenic insertion of a DsRed expression cassette driven by the enhancer HR3 and strong promoter IE1 into the silkworm W chromosome as a dominant visible marker of sex separation. The obtained transgenic lines showed female-specific body color visible to the naked eye at the second- to fifth-instar larval, pupal and adult stages, and their performance traits were comparable to those of a nontransgenic practical silkworm variety. This strategy can greatly facilitate the sex separation of silkworms for male-only rearing and to obtain hybrids while avoiding sibling mating, and it can also be applied to the sex separation of other light-colored insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Ye
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Meiyu Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinqiu Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiangping Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shihua Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Tang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Boxiong Zhong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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24
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Li J, Deng J, Deng X, Liu L, Zha X. Metabonomic Analysis of Silkworm Midgut Reveals Differences between the Physiological Effects of an Artificial and Mulberry Leaf Diet. INSECTS 2023; 14:347. [PMID: 37103160 PMCID: PMC10146990 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori is a model lepidopteran insect of great economic value. Mulberry leaves are its only natural food source. The development of artificial diets can not only resolve the seasonal shortage of mulberry leaves but also enable changes to be made to the feed composition according to need. Metabolomic differences between the midguts of male and female silkworms fed either on fresh mulberry leaves or an artificial diet were studied using liquid chromatography-mass spectrography (LC-MS/MS) analysis. A total of 758 differential metabolites were identified. Our analysis showed that they were mainly involved in disease resistance and immunity, silk quality, and silkworm growth and development. These experimental results provide insights into the formulation of optimized artificial feed for silkworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lianlian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xingfu Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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25
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Hasan MM, Hossain MA, Athanassiou CG. Improved Quality Management of the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for Enhanced Efficacy of the Sterile Insect Technique. INSECTS 2023; 14:344. [PMID: 37103161 PMCID: PMC10144046 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) is considered an environmentally friendly, autocidal control tactic to manage insect pests. This work dealt with the improvement of quality management of the Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) for enhanced efficacy of the SIT. The results indicated that egg hatching of irradiated mature eggs of P. interpunctella was higher than that of younger eggs, indicating that mature eggs were significantly more tolerant than younger eggs. Moreover, our data revealed that a dose of 500 Gy completely prevented pupal formation in irradiated young and mature larvae. Crosses between irradiated and non-irradiated adults resulted in considerable variations in fecundity. The mating competitiveness index (CI) value was higher for a ratio of 5:1:1 (sterile male, fertile male, and fertile female, respectively) as compared with the ratio 1:1:1 for the irradiated individuals of all life stages. Low temperature (5 °C) maintenance of irradiated pupae significantly affected adult emergence. Using cylinders to assess flight ability, we found that the flight performance of adults that were developed from cold treated irradiated pupae was influenced by cylinder diameter, cylinder height and the number of hours the insects were in the cylinders. The percentage of DNA damage of the reproductive organs of adults developed from cold treated pupae that were irradiated with 100 and 150 Gy varied significantly. The results of this study should be used to implement pilot-scale field tests aiming at a sterile- to-fertile male ratio of 5 to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mahbub Hasan
- Department of Zoology, Rajshahi University, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Christos G. Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str., 38446 Volos, Greece
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26
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Wang J, Zhu HD, Wang YX, Guo ZX, Liu YX, Huang ZH, Zhu LB, Liu MH, Liu SH, Xu JP. Trehalose hydrolysis and transport-related genes promote Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus proliferation through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signalling pathway in BmN cell. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:104625. [PMID: 36572165 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The reprogramming of host physiology has been considered an essential process for baculovirus propagation. Trehalose, the main sugar in insect blood, plays a crucial role as an instant energy source. Although the trehalose level is modulated following infection with Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV), the mechanism of trehalose metabolism in response to BmNPV infection is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the trehalose level tended to be lower in BmNPV-infected hemolymph and higher in the midgut. The omics analysis revealed that two trehalose transporters, BmTret1-1 and BmTret1-2, and trehalase, BmTRE1 and BmTRE2, were differentially expressed in the midgut after BmNPV infection. BmTret1-1 and BmTret1-2 had the ability to transport trehalose into the cell and promoted cellular absorption of trehalose. Furthermore, the functions of BmTret1-1, BmTret1-2, BmTRE1 and BmTRE2 in BmNPV infection were analyzed. These genes were upregulated in the midgut after BmNPV infection. Virus amplification analysis revealed that these genes could promote BmNPV proliferation in BmN cells. In addition, these genes could promote the expression of BmPI3K, BmPDK1 and BmAkt and inhibit the expression of BmFoxO in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signalling pathway. Similarly, the increased trehalose level in BmN cells could promote the expression of BmPI3K, BmPDK1 and BmAkt and inhibit the expression of BmFoxO. Taken together, BmNPV infection promote the expression of trehalose hydrolysis and transport-related genes. These changes affect the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway to facilitate BmNPV proliferation. These findings help clarify the relationship between trehalose metabolism and BmNPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Han-Dan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhe-Xiao Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ying-Xue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Hui Liu
- Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China.
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei, China.
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Chen J, Du X, Xu X, Zhang S, Yao L, He X, Wang Y. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Provides New Insights into the Molecular Basis of Thermal-Induced Parthenogenesis in Silkworm ( Bombyx mori). INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14020134. [PMID: 36835703 PMCID: PMC9962255 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Artificial parthenogenetic induction via thermal stimuli in silkworm is an important technique that has been used in sericultural production. However, the molecular mechanism underlying it remains largely unknown. We have created a fully parthenogenetic line (PL) with more than 85% occurrence and 80% hatching rate via hot water treatment and genetic selection, while the parent amphigenetic line (AL) has less than 30% pigmentation rate and less than 1% hatching rate when undergoing the same treatment. Here, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based analysis were used to investigate the key proteins and pathways associated with silkworm parthenogenesis. We uncovered the unique proteomic features of unfertilized eggs in PL. In total, 274 increased abundance proteins and 211 decreased abundance proteins were identified relative to AL before thermal induction. Function analysis displayed an increased level of translation and metabolism in PL. After thermal induction, 97 increased abundance proteins and 187 decreased abundance proteins were identified. An increase in stress response-related proteins and decrease in energy metabolism suggested that PL has a more effective response to buffer the thermal stress than AL. Cell cycle-related proteins, including histones, and spindle-related proteins were decreased in PL, indicating an important role of this decrease in the process of ameiotic parthenogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jine Chen
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xin Du
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lusong Yao
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiuling He
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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28
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The Prmt5-Vasa module is essential for spermatogenesis in Bombyx mori. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010600. [PMID: 36634107 PMCID: PMC9876381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In lepidopteran insects, dichotomous spermatogenesis produces eupyrene spermatozoa, which are nucleated, and apyrene spermatozoa, which are anucleated. Both sperm morphs are essential for fertilization, as eupyrene sperm fertilize the egg, and apyrene sperm is necessary for the migration of eupyrene sperm. In Drosophila, Prmt5 acts as a type II arginine methyltransferase that catalyzes the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the RNA helicase Vasa. Prmt5 is critical for the regulation of spermatogenesis, but Vasa is not. To date, functional genetic studies of spermatogenesis in the lepidopteran model Bombyx mori has been limited. In this study, we engineered mutations in BmPrmt5 and BmVasa through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. Both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa loss-of-function mutants had similar male and female sterility phenotypes. Through immunofluorescence staining analysis, we found that the morphs of sperm from both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa mutants have severe defects, indicating essential roles for both BmPrmt5 and BmVasa in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Mass spectrometry results identified that R35, R54, and R56 of BmVasa were dimethylated in WT while unmethylated in BmPrmt5 mutants. RNA-seq analyses indicate that the defects in spermatogenesis in mutants resulted from reduced expression of the spermatogenesis-related genes, including BmSxl, implying that BmSxl acts downstream of BmPrmt5 and BmVasa to regulate apyrene sperm development. These findings indicate that BmPrmt5 and BmVasa constitute an integral regulatory module essential for spermatogenesis in B. mori.
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29
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Zhao S, Ye X, Dai X, Wang X, Yu S, Zhong B. Drosophila melanogaster resilin improves the mechanical properties of transgenic silk. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282533. [PMID: 36867637 PMCID: PMC9983856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resilin is a natural protein with high extensibility and resilience that plays a key role in the biological processes of insects, such as flight, bouncing, and vocalization. This study used piggyBac-mediated transgenic technology to stably insert the Drosophila melanogaster resilin gene into the silkworm genome to investigate whether exogenous protein structures improve the mechanical properties of silkworm silk. Molecular detection showed that recombinant resilin was expressed and secreted into silk. Secondary structure and mechanical property analysis showed that the β-sheet content in silk from transgenic silkworms was higher than in wild-type silk. The fracture strength of silk fused with resilin protein was 7.2% higher than wild-type silk. The resilience of recombinant silk after one-time stretching and cyclic stretching was 20.5% and 18.7% higher than wild-type silk, respectively. In summary, Drosophila resilin can enhance the mechanical properties of silk, and this study is the first to improve the mechanical properties of silk using proteins other than spider silk, which broadens the possibilities for the design and application of biomimetic silk materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zheng Zhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Ye
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangping Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinqiu Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shihua Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boxiong Zhong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Tan D, Hu H, Tong X, Han M, Gai T, Lou J, Yan Z, Xiong G, Lu C, Dai F. Mutation of a lepidopteran-specific PMP-like protein, BmLSPMP-like, induces a stick body shape in silkworm, Bombyx mori. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5334-5346. [PMID: 36039742 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lepidoptera is one of the largest orders of insects, some of which are major pests of crops and forests. The cuticles of lepidopteran pests play important roles in defense against insecticides and pathogens, and are indispensable for constructing and maintaining extracellular structures and locomotion during their life cycle. Lepidopteran-specific cuticular proteins could be potential targets for lepidopteran pest control. But information on this is limited. Our research aimed to screen the lepidopteran-specific cuticular proteins using the lepidopteran model, the silkworm, to explore the molecular mechanism underlying the involvement of cuticular proteins in body shape construction. RESULTS Positional cloning showed that BmLSPMP-like, a gene encoding a lepidopteran-specific peritrophic matrix protein (PMP) like protein which includes a peritrophin A-type chitin-binding domain (CBM_14), is responsible for the stick (sk) mutation. BmLSPMP-like is an evolutionarily conserved gene that exhibits synteny in Lepidoptera and underwent purifying selection during evolution. Expression profiles demonstrated that BmLSPMP-like is expressed in chitin-forming tissues, testis and ovary, and accumulates in the cuticle. BmLSPMP-like knockout, generated with CRISPR/Cas9, resulted in a stick-like larval body shape phenotype. Over-expression of BmLSPMP-like in the sk mutant rescued its abnormal body shape. The results showed that BmLSPMP-like may be involved in assemblage in the larval cuticle. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that the dysfunction of BmLSPMP-like may result in a stick body shape phenotype in silkworm, through the regulation of the arrangement of the chitinous laminae and cuticle thickness. Our study provides new evidence of the effects of LSPMP-likes on lepidopteran body shape formation, metamorphosis and mortality, which could be an eco-friendly target for lepidopteran pest management. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghou Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengwen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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31
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Cheng M, Liu Y, Zheng X, Zhang R, Feng K, Yue B, Du C, Zhou C. Characterization of Seventeen Complete Mitochondrial Genomes: Structural Features and Phylogenetic Implications of the Lepidopteran Insects. INSECTS 2022; 13:998. [PMID: 36354822 PMCID: PMC9694843 DOI: 10.3390/insects13110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) are widely distributed in the world, but high-level phylogeny in Lepidoptera remains uncertain. More mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) data can help to conduct comprehensive analysis and construct a robust phylogenetic tree. Here, we sequenced and annotated 17 complete moth mitogenomes and made comparative analysis with other moths. The gene order of trnM-trnI-trnQ in 17 moths was different from trnI-trnQ-trnM of ancestral insects. The number, type, and order of genes were consistent with reported moths. The length of newly sequenced complete mitogenomes ranged from 14,231 bp of Rhagastis albomarginatus to 15,756 bp of Numenes albofascia. These moth mitogenomes were typically with high A+T contents varied from 76.0% to 81.7% and exhibited negative GC skews. Among 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), some unusual initiations and terminations were found in part of newly sequenced moth mitogenomes. Three conserved gene-overlapping regions and one conserved intergenic region were detected among 17 mitogenomes. The phylogenetic relationship of major superfamilies in Macroheterocera was as follows: (Bombycoidea + Lasiocampoidea) + ((Drepanoidea + Geometroidea) + Noctuoidea)), which was different from previous studies. Moreover, the topology of Noctuoidea as (Notodontidae + (Erebidae + Noctuidae)) was supported by high Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP = 1.0) and bootstrapping values (BSV = 100). This study greatly enriched the mitogenome database of moth and strengthened the high-level phylogenetic relationships of Lepidoptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Rare Animals of the Giant Panda State Park, China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan 611830, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641000, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rusong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kaize Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bisong Yue
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chao Du
- Baotou Teachers College, Baotou 014060, China
| | - Chuang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioresources and Eco-Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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32
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Wang N, Zhang Y, Li W, Peng Z, Pan H, Li S, Cheng T, Liu C. Abnormal overexpression of SoxD enhances melanin synthesis in the Ursa mutant of Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 149:103832. [PMID: 36067957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The pigment and structural color of insects play crucial roles in body protection, ecological adaptation, and signal communication. Epidermal melanization is a common and main coloring pattern, which results in broad phenotypic diversity. Melanin is one of the compounds contributing to dark brown-black pigmentation, which is synthesized from dopamine and tyrosine by the melanin metabolism pathway. The Ursa mutant of the silkworm Bombyx mori is a body-color mutant characterized by excessive melanin pigmentation in the larval epidermis. However, the exact gene responsible for this phenotype remains unclear. Here, we performed positional cloning of the gene responsible for Ursa, which was mapped to an 83-kb region on chromosome 14. The genomic region contains a protein-coding gene encoding a transcription factor, which was designated BmSoxD. The mutation site was determined by analysis of nucleotide sequences of the genomic region corresponding to BmSoxD, which identified a 449-bp transposable sequence similar to that of the B. mori transposon Helitron inserted into the sixth intron. BmSoxD was dramatically overexpressed in the epidermis of Ursa at the end of the molting stage compared with that of wild-type B. mori. Overexpression of BmSoxD led to upregulation of genes involved in the melanin metabolism pathway, whereas knocking down BmSoxD via small interfering RNAs blocked melanin pigment production in the larval epidermis. These data indicate that the mutation in BmSoxD is responsible for the Ursa mutant phenotype. We propose that the transposable sequence insertion causes abnormal overexpression of BmSoxD at the molting stage in the Ursa mutant, resulting in excessive melanin synthesis and its accumulation in epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Zhangchuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Huan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Tingcai Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China; Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Cancer Center, Reproductive Medicine Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, 400716, Chongqing, China.
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33
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Tong X, Han MJ, Lu K, Tai S, Liang S, Liu Y, Hu H, Shen J, Long A, Zhan C, Ding X, Liu S, Gao Q, Zhang B, Zhou L, Tan D, Yuan Y, Guo N, Li YH, Wu Z, Liu L, Li C, Lu Y, Gai T, Zhang Y, Yang R, Qian H, Liu Y, Luo J, Zheng L, Lou J, Peng Y, Zuo W, Song J, He S, Wu S, Zou Y, Zhou L, Cheng L, Tang Y, Cheng G, Yuan L, He W, Xu J, Fu T, Xiao Y, Lei T, Xu A, Yin Y, Wang J, Monteiro A, Westhof E, Lu C, Tian Z, Wang W, Xiang Z, Dai F. High-resolution silkworm pan-genome provides genetic insights into artificial selection and ecological adaptation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5619. [PMID: 36153338 PMCID: PMC9509368 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is an important economic insect for producing silk, the "queen of fabrics". The currently available genomes limit the understanding of its genetic diversity and the discovery of valuable alleles for breeding. Here, we deeply re-sequence 1,078 silkworms and assemble long-read genomes for 545 representatives. We construct a high-resolution pan-genome dataset representing almost the entire genomic content in the silkworm. We find that the silkworm population harbors a high density of genomic variants and identify 7308 new genes, 4260 (22%) core genes, and 3,432,266 non-redundant structure variations (SVs). We reveal hundreds of genes and SVs that may contribute to the artificial selection (domestication and breeding) of silkworm. Further, we focus on four genes responsible, respectively, for two economic (silk yield and silk fineness) and two ecologically adaptive traits (egg diapause and aposematic coloration). Taken together, our population-scale genomic resources will promote functional genomics studies and breeding improvement for silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Min-Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Kunpeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | | | - Shubo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianghong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Anxing Long
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chengyu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Linli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Duan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yajie Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Nangkuo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Zhangyan Wu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chunlin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yaru Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tingting Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Renkui Yang
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Heying Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Yanqun Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 111000, China
| | - Jiangwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinghou Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yunwu Peng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Sericulture, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Weidong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiangbo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Songzhen He
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Songyuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yunlong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yuxia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guotao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lianwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Weiming He
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jiabao Xu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Tao Fu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Institute of Sericulture and Agricultural Products Processing, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Chongqing Sericulture Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Anying Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericulture Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212018, China
| | - Ye Yin
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, 138614, Singapore
| | - Eric Westhof
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9002 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China.
| | - Zhonghuai Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Morimoto J. Larval crowding effects during early development in the Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9283. [PMID: 36110887 PMCID: PMC9465191 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chinese sericulture relies in part on the rearing of the Chinese oak silkmoth Antheraea pernyi, an insect with key cultural and ecological roles. While feeding primarily on oak, Antheraea species are known to accept alternative hosts such as birch Betula sp with little to no apparent negative fitness consequences. This opens up the range of hostplants that could be used for large-scale rearing of A. pernyi for silk production and food, or used by this species in possible invasions. To date, however, the natural history and ecology of A. pernyi remain subject of investigation. For instance, we still do not know how individuals respond to crowding developmental environments, which is an important factor to consider for the ecology of the species as well as for commercial rearing. Here, I describe the implications of larval crowding to the survival and growth of A. pernyi larvae during early development. I show that higher crowding is associated with stronger negative effects on growth and survival, corroborating findings from other holometabolous insects. I then discuss the implications of this findings for our understanding of optimum larval crowding. Overall, the findings reveal important ecological information for an insect species key for provisioning and cultural ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Morimoto
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Aberdeen, Zoology BuildingAberdeenUK
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e ConservaçãoUniversidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrazil
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Liu YX, Zhu LB, Guo ZX, Zhu HD, Huang ZH, Cao HH, Yu HZ, Liu SH, Xu JP. Bombyx mori ferritin heavy-chain homolog facilitates BmNPV proliferation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:842-852. [PMID: 35905762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin heavy-chain homolog (FerHCH), an iron-binding protein, plays an important role in the host defense against oxidative stress and pathogen infections. In our previous research, Bombyx mori native ferritin had an interaction with B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). However, the underlying molecular mechanism of single ferritin homolog responses to BmNPV infection remains unclear. In this study, we found that BmNPV titer and B. mori FerHCH (BmFerHCH) expression were positively correlated with the ferric iron concentration. We performed RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression experiments to investigate the effects of BmFerHCH on BmNPV proliferation. BmFerHCH knockdown suppressed BmNPV proliferation in vivo and in vitro, whereas BmFerHCH overexpression facilitated BmNPV proliferation. In addition, the oxidative stress level was increased significantly in BmN cells after budded virus infection, while BmFerHCH could neutralize the increased ROS production induced by BmNPV. Of note, we found that ROS was involved in BmNPV-induced apoptosis. Through inhibiting ROS, apoptosis was suppressed by BmFerHCH, whereas BmFerHCH knockdown facilitated apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesize that BmFerHCH-mediated inhibition of virus-induced apoptosis depends on suppressing ROS accumulation and, thereby, facilitates virus replication. These results suggest that BmFerHCH plays an important role in facilitating BmNPV proliferation and modulating BmFerHCH is potential strategy for studying host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lin-Bao Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhe-Xiao Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Han-Dan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui-Hua Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hai-Zhong Yu
- National Navel Orange Engineering and Technology Research Center, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Shi-Huo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui International Joint Research and Developmental Center of Sericulture Resources Utilization, Hefei 230036, China.
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Acetylation of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase-mediated glycolysis is essential for Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105695. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bibliometric Analysis of Trends in Mulberry and Silkworm Research on the Production of Silk and Its By-Products. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070568. [PMID: 35886744 PMCID: PMC9317361 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the past two decades scientific research on sericulture, the agricultural activity of silk production, generated a great number of outputs in the form of articles reported and classified by one of the most well-known and used database dealing with scientific literature. This occurrence demonstrates an increasing interest in this sector especially starting from 2000s; results presented in relevant papers showed their applicability even in fields apparently not related to silk production as commonly meant, like medicine, cosmetics, and engineering. To understand how sericulture has been transcending its usual boundaries, which are its current “hotspots”, and links with other fields of study, the authors propose a text-mining based analysis of the outputs of scientific research on sericulture and silk; the final goal is to establish “quantitative” indicators for researchers, entrepreneurs, and scholars. Abstract Traditionally, sericulture is meant as the agricultural activity of silk production, from mulberry (Morus sp.pl.) cultivation to silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) rearing. The aim of the present work is to analyze the trends and outputs of scientific research on sericulture-related topics during the last two decades, from 2000 to 2020. In this work the authors propose a text-mining analysis of the titles, abstracts and keywords of scientific articles focused on sericulture and available in the SCOPUS database considering the above-mentioned period of time; from this article collection, the 100 most recurrent terms were extracted and studied in detail. The number of publications per year in sericulture-related topics increased from 87 in 2000 to 363 in 2020 (+317%). The 100 most recurrent terms were then aggregated in clusters. The analysis shows how in the last period scientific research, besides the traditional themes of sericulture, also focused on alternative products obtainable from the sericultural practice, as fruits of mulberry trees (increment of +134% of the occurrences in the last five years) and chemical compounds as antioxidants (+233% of occurrences), phenolics (+330% of occurrences) and flavonoids (+274% of occurrences). From these considerations, the authors can state how sericulture is an active and multidisciplinary research field.
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Ye X, Dai X, Wang X, Yu S, Wu M, Zhao S, Ruan J, Zhong B. Mechanism of silk secretion revealed by proteomic analysis of silkworm cocoons with fibroin light chain mutations. J Proteomics 2022; 265:104649. [PMID: 35690343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm is an economically important insect due to its efficient production of silk proteins. Silk itself and the silk trade have enriched human civilization through art and culture and contributed to early globalization in the Silk Road era for nearly two thousand years. Although a large number of studies on silk have been carried out, the mechanism of silk secretion in silkworms has not been thoroughly studied thus far. As the main component of fibroin, fibroin light chain (Fib-L) plays a key role in the secretion of silk. In this study, we constructed a homozygous Fib-L gene mutant population of a nonpractical variety using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The homozygous mutants displayed a thin cocoon layer, but their viability was not affected by the Fib-L mutation. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic analysis of homozygous mutant cocoons and wild-type cocoons was performed. Strikingly, fibrohexamerin (P25) was secreted almost normally in the homozygous mutant. Further analysis of cocoon proteins revealed that the mutant responded to greater environmental stress caused by a dramatic decrease in fibroin by significantly increasing the secretion of protease inhibitors. These results will further help explain the silk secretion mechanism of silkworm. SIGNIFICANCE: This study generated a homozygous Fib-L gene mutant population of a nonpractical variety using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The homozygous mutants displayed a thin cocoon layer, but their viability was not affected by the Fib-L mutation. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic analysis of homozygous mutant cocoons and wild-type cocoons was performed. The analysis of the abundance of silk proteins in the cocoons revealed that P25 could be secreted almost normally. The analysis of the abundance of cocoon proteins other than silk proteins showed that the homozygous mutants responded to greater environmental stress by increasing the secretion of defense-related proteins, such as protease inhibitors. These results will further help explain the silk secretion mechanism of silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Ye
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiangping Dai
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinqiu Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shihua Yu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Meiyu Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Shuo Zhao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinghua Ruan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Boxiong Zhong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China.
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Kawamoto M, Kiuchi T, Katsuma S. SilkBase: an integrated transcriptomic and genomic database for Bombyx mori and related species. Database (Oxford) 2022; 2022:6603636. [PMID: 35670730 PMCID: PMC9216573 DOI: 10.1093/database/baac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We introduce SilkBase as an integrated database for transcriptomic and genomic resources of the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori and related species. SilkBase is the oldest B. mori database that was originally established as the expressed sequence tag database since 1999. Here, we upgraded the database by including the datasets of the newly assembled B. mori complete genome sequence, predicted gene models, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-end and fosmid-end sequences, complementary DNA (cDNA) reads from 69 libraries, RNA-seq data from 10 libraries, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) from 13 libraries, ChIP-seq data of 9 histone modifications and HP1 proteins and transcriptome and/or genome data of four B. mori-related species, i.e. Bombyx mandarina, Trilocha varians, Ernolatia moorei and Samia ricini. Our new integrated genome browser easily provides a snapshot of tissue- and stage-specific gene expression, alternative splicing, production of piRNAs and histone modifications at the gene locus of interest. Moreover, SilkBase is useful for performing comparative studies among five closely related lepidopteran insects. Database URL: https://silkbase.ab.a.u-tokyo.ac.jp
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetaka Kawamoto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Infinity Matrix, Shiohama, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kiuchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Susumu Katsuma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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40
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Wang Q, Sun Z, Ma S, Liu X, Xia H, Chen K. Molecular mechanism and potential application of bacterial infection in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:104381. [PMID: 35245606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a representative species of Lepidoptera, Bombyx mori has been widely studied and applied. However, bacterial infection has always been an important pathogen threatening the growth of silkworms. Bombyx mori can resist various pathogenic bacteria through their own physical barrier and innate immune system. However, compared with other insects, such as Drosophila melanogaster, research on the antibacterial mechanism of silkworms is still in its infancy. This review systematically summarized the routes of bacterial infection in silkworms, the antibacterial mechanism of silkworms after ingestion or wounding infection, and the intestinal bacteria and infection of silkworms. Finally, we will discuss silkworms as a model animal for studying bacterial infectious diseases and screening antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhonghe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shangshang Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hengchuan Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Mei X, Gao M, Huang T, Shen D, Xia D, Qiu Z, Zhao Q. Comparative analysis of testis transcriptome between a genetic male sterile line (GMS) and its wild-type 898WB in silkworm, Bombyx mori. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 42:100961. [PMID: 35074722 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important model organism of lepidopteran insects, and its testis is a main male reproductive organ and spermatogenesis place. Studying the testis helps to understand the mechanisms of genetic sterility of lepidopteran insects and to achieve sterile insect technique (SIT) for pest control. Herein, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of testes between three biological replicates of the GMS mutant and wild strain 898WB, respectively. In total, 1872 up-regulated genes and 1823 down-regulated genes were identified in the testis of the GMS mutant. Several genes contribute significantly to spermatogenesis and testis development, such as "serine/threonine protein kinase", "organic cation transporter protein", "tyrosine protein kinase", "lncRNAs" and "immune-associated genes". The KEGG pathway analysis shows that the DEGs were annotated to 123 pathways, and 10 pathways were significantly enriched, such as "metabolic pathway", "biosynthesis of amino acids", and "phagosome-lysosome pathway", which are associated with testis development and spermatogenesis. The results of the qPCR expression were consistent with the RNA-seq data, which shows that the RNA-seq results were accurate. The DEGs of the testes between GMS mutant and 898WB were screened by RNA-Seq technology, which provides a reliable reference to understand the molecule mechanism of male sterility of the GMS mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Mei
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Mengjie Gao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Tianchen Huang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Dongxu Shen
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Dingguo Xia
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Zhiyong Qiu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China
| | - Qiaoling Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China; The Sericulture Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China.
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42
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CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Disruption of the lef8 and lef9 to Inhibit Nucleopolyhedrovirus Replication in Silkworms. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061119. [PMID: 35746591 PMCID: PMC9227026 DOI: 10.3390/v14061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a pathogen that causes severe disease in silkworms. In a previous study, we demonstrated that by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt the BmNPV ie-1 and me53 genes, transgenic silkworms showed resistance to BmNPV infection. Here, we used the same strategy to simultaneously target lef8 and lef9, which are essential for BmNPV replication. A PCR assay confirmed that double-stranded breaks were induced in viral DNA at targeted sequences in BmNPV-infected transgenic silkworms that expressed small guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and Cas9. Bioassays and qPCR showed that replication of BmNPV and mortality were significantly reduced in the transgenic silkworms in comparison with the control groups. Microscopy showed degradation of midgut cells in the BmNPV-infected wild type silkworms, but not in the transgenic silkworms. These results demonstrated that transgenic silkworms using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to disrupt BmNPV lef8 and lef9 genes could successfully prevent BmNPV infection. Our research not only provides more alternative targets for the CRISPR antiviral system, but also aims to provide new ideas for the application of virus infection research and the control of insect pests.
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Zhang R, Du J, Cao YY, Thakur K, Tang SM, Hu F, Wei ZJ. Hydrogen sulfide treatment retrieves the inhibition of growth and development characteristics in silkworm (Bombyx mori) via phosphoacetyl glucosamine mutase gene knock down. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21873. [PMID: 35112397 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoacetyl glucosamine mutase (PGM) is the key gene for glycolysis of important metabolic pathways in silkworm, and H2 S (7.5 μM) can promote the growth and development of silkworm. Herein, we used body cavity injection of small-interfering RNA (siRNA) to interfere with the PGM gene in H2 S-treated silkworms. After RNA interference (RNAi), we investigated the growth and development of the silkworm. H2 S treatment could significantly recover the inhibition of body weight, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, and cocoon shell ratio by knocking down PGM gene in silkworm, without significant effects on eggs laying and production, and then analyzed the mRNA expression of PGM gene. The interference of siRNA significantly decreased the expression of targeted PGM gene and was concentrated in 48 h followed by gradual recovery. Three interference fragments also showed different interference effects, and siRNA of PGM-3 exerted the highest interference effect to the target gene expression. Fat body had the highest mRNA expression of PGM gene, and the best interference effect was observed after siRNA injection. The results showed that the gene based on H2 S treatment may have an important impact on the growth and development of silkworm by affecting its metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Yu-Yao Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Shun-Ming Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, PR China
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Yan H, Wen F, Xiang H, Wen Y, Shang D, Liu A, Niu Y, Xia Q, Wang G. Biochemical characterization and overexpression of an α-amylase (BmAmy) in silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:251-259. [PMID: 34923696 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) is the only fully domesticated insect. As an economically important insect, nutrition utilization is important for its productivity. Hence, the present study investigated the expression pattern of BmAmy, an α-amylase, in B. mori. BmAmy protein purification and biochemical characterization were performed, and effects of BmAmy overexpression were assessed. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction indicated that BmAmy transcription was positively correlated with the silkworm's food intate. Moreover, enzymatic activity assay results showed that BmAmy had significant α-amylase activity of about 1 mg/min/mg protein. Furthermore, treatment with mulberry amylase inhibitors MnAI1 and MnAI2 resulted to 89.92% and 93.67% inhibition in BmAmy activity, respectively, and the interaction between BmAmy and MnAI was also confirmed by protein docking analysis. A silkworm line that specifically overexpressed BmAmy in the midgut was generated through piggyBac-based transgenic technology, and compared to those of non-transgenic silkworms, the whole cocoon and cocoon shell weights of these transgenic silkworms increased by 10.13% and 18.32%, respectively, in the female group, and by 5.83% and 6.00%, respectively, in the male group. These results suggested that BmAmy may be a suitable target for breeding better silkworm varieties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- Research and Development Center, China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Yuchan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Deli Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Anyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yicheng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Genhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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45
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Zhang GZ, Zhang YL, Wei W, Li YP, Liu YQ, Bi LH, Lu C. Mitochondrial Genome Architecture and Evolutionary Origin of the Yao Silkworm, a Living Fossil of the Domestic Silkworm Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:5. [PMID: 35303104 PMCID: PMC8932412 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Yao silkworm is a unique silkworm resource producing yellow flat plate silk that has only been reared by the Baiku Yao ethnic group in Nandan County, Guangxi Province, China for a thousand years. Here, we report the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of five Yao silkworm strains and 10 local Guangxi strains of the domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori) L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), and use the resulting mitogenomes and the available Bombyx mitogenomes to characterize their genome architecture and trace the evolutionary origin of the Yao silkworm. The five Yao silkworm mitogenomes exhibited genome architectures identical to typical set of 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs) and a high level of genome sequence similarity with the domestic silkworm. Mitogenome-based phylogenetic reconstruction provided solid evidence that the Yao silkworm shares a common ancestor with the domestic silkworm. Sliding window analysis uncovered a distinct variation pattern in the mitogenome between the Yao silkworm and the other domestic silkworm strains. The phylogenetic analyses revealed a basal placement of the Yao silkworm among all available domestic silkworm strains, indicating that the Yao silkworm is an ancient population of the domestic silkworm. Our data indicated that the Yao silkworm (B. mori) is a lineage of the domestic silkworm, which for the first time provides insights into the origin of the Yao silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Zheng Zhang
- Guangxi Institute of Sericulture Science, 10 Xiajun Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yu-Li Zhang
- Guangxi Institute of Sericulture Science, 10 Xiajun Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangxi Institute of Sericulture Science, 10 Xiajun Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Yu-Ping Li
- Department of Sericulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yan-Qun Liu
- Department of Sericulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Road, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Li-Hui Bi
- Guangxi Institute of Sericulture Science, 10 Xiajun Road, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Guangxi Institute of Sericulture Science, 10 Xiajun Road, Nanning 530007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, 2 Tiansheng Road, Chongqing 400715, China
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46
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Lu C, Li Z, Zhang W, Guo H, Lan W, Shen G, Xia Q, Zhao P. SUMOylation of Translationally Regulated Tumor Protein Modulates Its Immune Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807097. [PMID: 35197979 PMCID: PMC8858932 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved protein possessing numerous biological functions and molecular interactions, ranging from cell growth to immune responses. However, the molecular mechanism by which TCTP regulates immune function is largely unknown. Here, we found that knockdown of Bombyx mori translationally controlled tumor protein (BmTCTP) led to the increased susceptibility of silkworm cells to virus infection, whereas overexpression of BmTCTP significantly decreased the virus replication. We further demonstrated that BmTCTP could be modified by SUMOylation molecular BmSMT3 at the lysine 164 via the conjugating enzyme BmUBC9, and the stable SUMOylation of BmTCTP by expressing BmTCTP-BmSMT3 fusion protein exhibited strong antiviral activity, which confirmed that the SUMOylation of BmTCTP would contribute to its immune responses. Further work indicated that BmTCTP is able to physically interact with interleukin enhancer binding factor (ILF), one immune molecular, involved in antivirus, and also induce the expression of BmILF in response to virus infection, which in turn enhanced antiviral activity of BmTCTP. Altogether, our present study has provided a novel insight into defending against virus via BmTCTP SUMOylation signaling pathway and interacting with key immune molecular in silkworm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiqing Li,
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqun Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanwang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Novel Silk Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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47
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Heryanto C, Hanly JJ, Mazo-Vargas A, Tendolkar A, Martin A. Mapping and CRISPR homology-directed repair of a recessive white eye mutation in Plodia moths. iScience 2022; 25:103885. [PMID: 35243245 PMCID: PMC8861637 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pantry moth Plodia interpunctella is a worldwide pest of stored food products and a promising laboratory model system for lepidopteran functional genomics. Here we describe efficient methods for precise genome editing in this insect. A spontaneous recessive white-eyed phenotype maps to a frameshift deletion (c.737delC) in the white gene. CRISPR NHEJ mutagenesis of white replicates this phenotype with high rates of somatic biallelic knockout. G0 individuals with mutant clones on both eyes produced 100% mutant progeny, making white an ideal marker for co-conversion when targeting other genes. CRISPR HDR experiments corrected c.737delC and reverted white eyes to a pigmented state in 37% of G0 mosaic adults. These repaired alleles showed practical rates of germline transmission in backcrosses, demonstrating the potential of the technique for precise genome editing. Plodia offers a promising avenue for research in this taxon because of its lab-ready features, egg injectability, and editability. Plodia pantry moths are an emerging model organism for functional genomics in Lepidoptera Spontaneous and CRISPR-induced white mutations yield recessive-white eye phenotypes CRISPR HDR repair with ssODN donor result in practical rates of base editing We provide optimized protocols for Plodia handling and genome editing
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48
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Kim MJ, Park JS, Kim H, Kim SR, Kim SW, Kim KY, Kwak W, Kim I. Phylogeographic Relationships among Bombyx mandarina (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) Populations and Their Relationships to B. mori Inferred from Mitochondrial Genomes. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:68. [PMID: 35053066 PMCID: PMC8773246 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report 37 mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences of Bombyx mori strains (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and four of B. mandarina individuals, each preserved and collected, respectively, in South Korea. These mitogenome sequences combined with 45 public data showed a substantial genetic reduction in B. mori strains compared to the presumed ancestor B. mandarina, with the highest diversity detected in the Chinese origin B. mori. Chinese B. mandarina were divided into northern and southern groups, concordant to the Qinling-Huaihe line, and the northern group was placed as an immediate progenitor of monophyletic B. mori strains in phylogenetic analyses, as has previously been detected. However, one individual that was in close proximity to the south Qinling-Huaihe line was exceptional, belonging to the northern group. The enigmatic South Korean population of B. mandarina, which has often been regarded as a closer genetic group to Japan, was most similar to the northern Chinese group, evidencing substantial gene flow between the two regions. Although a substantial genetic divergence is present between B. mandarina in southern China and Japan, a highly supported sister relationship between the two regional populations may suggest the potential origin of Japanese B. mandarina from southern China instead of the Korean peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jee Kim
- Experiment and Analysis Division, Honam Regional Office, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gunsan 54096, Korea;
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Jeong-Sun Park
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Hyeongmin Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (H.K.)
| | - Seong-Ryul Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju Gun 55365, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-W.K.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | - Seong-Wan Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju Gun 55365, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-W.K.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | - Kee-Young Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju Gun 55365, Korea; (S.-R.K.); (S.-W.K.); (K.-Y.K.)
| | | | - Iksoo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (J.-S.P.); (H.K.)
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49
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Liu Y, Chen D, Zhang X, Chen S, Yang D, Tang L, Yang X, Wang Y, Luo X, Wang M, Hu Z, Huang Y. Construction of Baculovirus-Inducible CRISPR/Cas9 Antiviral System Targeting BmNPV in Bombyx mori. Viruses 2021; 14:59. [PMID: 35062262 PMCID: PMC8780094 DOI: 10.3390/v14010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The silkworm Bombyx mori is an economically important insect. The sericulture industry is seriously affected by pathogen infections. Of these pathogens, Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) causes approximately 80% of the total economic losses due to pathogen infections. We previously constructed a BmNPV-specific CRISPR/Cas9 silkworm line with significantly enhanced resistance to BmNPV. In order to optimize the resistance properties and minimize its impact on economic traits, we constructed an inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system for use in transgenic silkworms. We used the 39k promoter, which is induced by viral infection, to express Cas9 and the U6 promoter to express four small guide RNA targeting the genes encoding BmNPV late expression factors 1 and 3 (lef-1 and lef-3, respectively), which are essential for viral DNA replication. The system was rapidly activated when the silkworm was infected and showed considerably higher resistance to BmNPV infection than the wild-type silkworm. The inducible system significantly reduced the development effects due to the constitutive expression of Cas9. No obvious differences in developmental processes or economically important characteristics were observed between the resulting transgenic silkworms and wild-type silkworms. Adoption of this accurate and highly efficient inducible CRISPR/Cas9 system targeting BmNPV DNA replication will result in enhanced antivirus measures during sericulture, and our work also provides insights into the broader application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the control of infectious diseases and insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Chen
- Department of Sericulture, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- China College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Shuqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dehong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linmeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xingyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Zhihong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Yongping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.L.); (S.C.); (D.Y.); (L.T.); (X.Y.); (Y.W.); (X.L.)
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50
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Zhang R, Cao YY, Du J, Thakur K, Tang SM, Hu F, Wei ZJ. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Gene Expression Changes in the Silkworm ( Bombyx mori) in Response to Hydrogen Sulfide Exposure. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12121110. [PMID: 34940198 PMCID: PMC8706860 DOI: 10.3390/insects12121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The fat body is one of the most important tissues in the body of insects due to its number of functions. Nowadays the new physiological function of H2S has gained attention as a novel signaling molecule. H2S performs crucial regulatory functions involving growth, the cardiovascular system, oxidative stress, and inflammation in many organisms. In this study, RNA-seq technology was used to investigate the fat body of the silkworm at the transcriptional level after H2S exposure during the 5th larvae stage. A total of 1200 (DEGs) was identified after 7.5 µM H2S treatment, of which 977 DEGs were up-regulated and 223 DEGs were down-regulated. DEGs were mainly involved in the transport pathway, cellular community, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune-associated signal transduction. Present research provides new insights on the gene expression changes in the fat body of silkworms after H2S exposure. Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been recognized for its beneficial influence on physiological alterations. The development (body weight) and economic characteristics (cocoon weight, cocoon shell ratio, and cocoon shell weight) of silkworms were increased after continuous 7.5 µM H2S treatment. In the present study, gene expression changes in the fat body of silkworms at the 5th instar larvae in response to the H2S were investigated through comparative transcriptome analysis. Moreover, the expression pattern of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the 5th instar larvae was confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) after H2S exposure. A total of 1200 (DEGs) was identified, of which 977 DEGs were up-regulated and 223 DEGs were down-regulated. Most of the DEGs were involved in the transport pathway, cellular community, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune-associated signal transduction. The up regulated genes under H2S exposure were involved in endocytosis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle), and the synthesis of fibroin, while genes related to inflammation were down-regulated, indicating that H2S could promote energy metabolism, the transport pathway, silk synthesis, and inhibit inflammation in the silkworm. In addition, the expression levels of these genes were increased or decreased in a time-dependent manner during the 5th instar larvae. These results provided insight into the effects of H2S on silkworms at the transcriptional level and a substantial foundation for understanding H2S function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Yu-Yao Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (K.T.)
| | - Juan Du
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (K.T.)
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Shun-Ming Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China;
- Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (K.T.)
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; (R.Z.); (Y.-Y.C.); (K.T.)
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
- Correspondence: (F.H.); (Z.-J.W.)
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