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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:573-587. [PMID: 38769435 PMCID: PMC11392651 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Swaraj S, Tripathi S. Interference without interferon: interferon-independent induction of interferon-stimulated genes and its role in cellular innate immunity. mBio 2024:e0258224. [PMID: 39302126 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02582-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are multifaceted proteins that play pivotal roles in orchestrating robust antiviral immune responses and modulating the intricate landscape of host immunity. The major signaling pathway activated by IFNs is the JAK/STAT (Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway, which leads to the transcription of a battery of genes, collectively known as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). While the well-established role of IFNs in coordinating the innate immune response against viral infections is widely acknowledged, recent years have provided a more distinct comprehension of the functional significance attributed to non-canonical, IFN-independent induction of ISGs. In this review, we summarize the non-conventional signaling pathways of ISG induction. These alternative pathways offer new avenues for developing antiviral strategies or immunomodulation in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shachee Swaraj
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- Microbiology & Cell Biology Department, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shashank Tripathi
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Laboratory, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
- Microbiology & Cell Biology Department, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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3
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Wang C, Khatun MS, Ellsworth CR, Chen Z, Islamuddin M, Nisperuza Vidal AK, Afaque Alam M, Liu S, Mccombs JE, Maness NJ, Blair RV, Kolls JK, Qin X. Deficiency of Tlr7 and Irf7 in mice increases the severity of COVID-19 through the reduced interferon production. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1162. [PMID: 39289468 PMCID: PMC11408513 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06872-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (Tlr7) deficiency-accelerated severe COVID-19 is associated with reduced production of interferons (IFNs). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To address these questions, we utilize Tlr7 and Irf7 deficiency mice, single-cell RNA analysis together with bone marrow transplantation approaches. We demonstrate that at the early phase of infection, SARS-CoV-2 causes the upregulation of Tlr7, Irf7, and IFN pathways in the lungs of the infected mice. The deficiency of Tlr7 and Irf7 globally and/or in immune cells in mice increases the severity of COVID-19 via impaired IFN activation in both immune and/or non-immune cells, leading to increased lung viral loads. These effects are associated with reduced IFN alpha and gamma levels in the circulation. The deficiency of Tlr7 tends to cause the reduced production and nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) in the lungs of the infected mice, indicative of reduced IRF7 activation. Despite higher amounts of lung viral antigen, Tlr7 or Irf7 deficiency resulted in substantially reduced production of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, thereby delaying the viral clearance. These results highlight the importance of the activation of TLR7 and IRF7 leading to IFN production on the development of innate and adaptive immunity against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Wang
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mst Shamima Khatun
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Calder R Ellsworth
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mohammad Islamuddin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ana Karina Nisperuza Vidal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mohammad Afaque Alam
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Shumei Liu
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Janet E Mccombs
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Maness
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Robert V Blair
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Center for Translational Research in Infection and Inflammation, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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4
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Sellaththurai SR, Jung S, Nadarajapillai K, Kim MJ, Lee J. Functional characterization of irf3 against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus infection using a CRISPR/Cas9-mediated zebrafish knockout model. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 158:105208. [PMID: 38834141 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are transcription factors involved in immune responses, such as pathogen response regulation, immune cell growth, and differentiation. IRFs are necessary for the synthesis of type I interferons through a signaling cascade when pathogen recognition receptors identify viral DNA or RNA. We discovered that irf3 is expressed in the early embryonic stages and in all immune organs of adult zebrafish. We demonstrated the antiviral immune mechanism of Irf3 against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout zebrafish (irf3-KO). In this study, we used a truncated Irf3 protein, encoded by irf3 with a 10 bp deletion, for further investigation. Upon VHSV injection, irf3-KO zebrafish showed dose-dependent high and early mortality compared with zebrafish with the wild-type Irf3 protein (WT), confirming the antiviral activity of Irf3. Based on the results of expression analysis of downstream genes upon VHSV challenge, we inferred that Irf3 deficiency substantially affects the expression of ifnphi1 and ifnphi2. However, after 5 days post infection (dpi), ifnphi3 expression was not significantly altered in irf3-KO compared to that in WT, and irf7 transcription showed a considerable increase in irf3-KO after 5 dpi, indicating irf7's control over ifnphi3 expression. The significantly reduced expression of isg15, viperin, mxa, and mxb at 3 dpi also supported the effect of Irf3 deficiency on the antiviral activity in the early stage of infection. The higher mortality in irf3-KO zebrafish than in WT might be due to an increased inflammation and tissue damage that occurs in irf3-KO because of delayed immune response. Our results suggest that Irf3 plays a role in antiviral immunity of zebrafish by modulating critical immune signaling molecules and regulating antiviral immune genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarithaa Raguvaran Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumi Jung
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Kidang Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea
| | - Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, 37242, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Center for Genomic Selection in Korean Aquaculture, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Life Research Institute, Kidang Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Tong Z, Zou JP, Wang SY, Luo WW, Wang YY. Activation of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 Axis by Type I and II Interferons Contributes to Host Defense. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308890. [PMID: 39004913 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) activate JAK-STAT pathways to induce downstream effector genes for host defense against invaded pathogens and tumors. Here both type I (β) and II (γ) IFNs are shown that can activate the transcription factor IRF3 in parallel with STAT1. IRF3-deficiency impairs transcription of a subset of downstream effector genes induced by IFN-β and IFN-γ. Mechanistically, IFN-induced activation of IRF3 is dependent on the cGAS-STING-TBK1 axis. Both IFN-β and IFN-γ cause mitochondrial DNA release into the cytosol. In addition, IFNs induce JAK1-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of cGAS at Y214/Y215, which is essential for its DNA binding activity and signaling. Furthermore, deficiency of cGAS, STING, or IRF3 impairs IFN-β- or IFN-γ-mediated antiviral and antitumor activities. The findings reveal a novel IRF3 activation pathway parallel with the canonical STAT1/2 activation pathways triggered by IFNs and provide an explanation for the pleiotropic roles of the cGAS-STING-IRF3 axis in host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, 100049, China
| | - Jia-Peng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, 100049, China
| | - Su-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei-Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, 100049, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, 430200, China
| | - Yan-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bejing, 100049, China
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6
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Hu P, Hao Y, Tang W, Diering GH, Zou F, Kafri T. Analysis of hepatic lentiviral vector transduction; implications for preclinical studies and clinical gene therapy protocols. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.20.608805. [PMID: 39229157 PMCID: PMC11370356 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.20.608805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Lentiviral vector-transduced T-cells were approved by the FDA as gene therapy anti-cancer medications. Little is known about the host genetic variation effects on the safety and efficacy of the lentiviral vector gene delivery system. To narrow this knowledge-gap, we characterized hepatic gene delivery by lentiviral vectors across the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic reference population. For 24 weeks, we periodically measured hepatic luciferase expression from lentiviral vectors in 41 CC mouse strains. Hepatic and splenic vector copy numbers were determined. We report that CC mouse strains showed highly diverse outcomes following lentiviral gene delivery. For the first time, moderate correlation between mouse strain-specific sleeping patterns and transduction efficiency was observed. We associated two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with intra-strain variations in transduction phenotypes, which mechanistically relates to the phenomenon of metastable epialleles. An additional QTL was associated with the kinetics of hepatic transgene expression. Genes comprised in the above QTLs are potential targets to personalize gene therapy protocols. Importantly, we identified two mouse strains that open new directions in characterizing continuous viral vector silencing and HIV latency. Our findings suggest that wide-range patient-specific outcomes of viral vector-based gene therapy should be expected. Thus, novel escalating dose-based clinical protocols should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Hu
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Yajing Hao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Wei Tang
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Graham H Diering
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology and UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Carolina Institute for developmental disabilities, 27510 Carrboro, North Carolina
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tal Kafri
- Gene Therapy Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 27599 Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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7
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Kim S, Liu TT, Ou F, Murphy TL, Murphy KM. Anatomy of a superenhancer. Adv Immunol 2024; 163:51-96. [PMID: 39271259 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor-8 (IRF8) is the lineage determining transcription factor for the type one classical dendritic cell (cDC1) subset, a terminal selector for plasmacytoid dendritic cells and important for the function of monocytes. Studies of Irf8 gene regulation have identified several enhancers controlling its activity during development of progenitors in the bone marrow that precisely regulate expression at distinct developmental stages. Each enhancer responds to distinct transcription factors that are expressed at each stage. IRF8 is first expressed in early progenitors that form the monocyte dendritic cell progenitor (MDP) in response to induction of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) acting at the Irf8 +56 kb enhancer. IRF8 levels increase further as the MDP transits into the common dendritic cell progenitor (CDP) in response to E protein activity at the Irf8 +41 kb enhancer. Upon Nfil3-induction in CDPs leading to specification of the cDC1 progenitor, abrupt induction of BATF3 forms the JUN/BATF3/IRF8 heterotrimer that activates the Irf8 +32 kb enhancer that sustains Irf8 autoactivation throughout the cDC1 lifetime. Deletions of each of these enhancers has revealed their stage dependent activation. Surprisingly, studies of compound heterozygotes for each combination of enhancer deletions revealed that activation of each subsequent enhancer requires the successful activation of the previous enhancer in strictly cis-dependent mechanism. Successful progression of enhancer activation is finely tuned to alter the functional accessibility of subsequent enhancers to factors active in the next stage of development. The molecular basis for these phenomenon is still obscure but could have implications for genomic regulation in a broader developmental context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunkyung Kim
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Feiya Ou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Theresa L Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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Luo R, Wang T, Lan J, Lu Z, Chen S, Sun Y, Qiu HJ. The multifaceted roles of selective autophagy receptors in viral infections. J Virol 2024:e0081424. [PMID: 39212450 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00814-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Selective autophagy is a protein clearance mechanism mediated by evolutionarily conserved selective autophagy receptors (SARs), which specifically degrades misfolded, misassembled, or metabolically regulated proteins. SARs help the host to suppress viral infections by degrading viral proteins. However, viruses have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to counteract, evade, or co-opt autophagic processes, thereby facilitating viral replication. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the complex mechanisms of SARs involved in viral infections, specifically focusing on how viruses exploit strategies to regulate selective autophagy. We present an updated understanding of the various critical roles of SARs in viral pathogenesis. Furthermore, newly discovered evasion strategies employed by viruses are discussed and the ubiquitination-autophagy-innate immune regulatory axis is proposed to be a crucial pathway to control viral infections. This review highlights the remarkable flexibility and plasticity of SARs in viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Lan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Zhanhao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shengmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- School of Life Science Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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9
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Chakravarty S, Varghese M, Fan S, Taylor RT, Chakravarti R, Chattopadhyay S. IRF3 inhibits inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages to prevent viral pathogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn2858. [PMID: 39121222 PMCID: PMC11313863 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Viral inflammation contributes to pathogenesis and mortality during respiratory virus infections. IRF3, a critical component of innate antiviral immune responses, interacts with pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, and inhibits its activity. This mechanism helps suppress inflammatory gene expression in virus-infected cells and mice. We evaluated the cells responsible for IRF3-mediated suppression of viral inflammation using newly engineered conditional Irf3Δ/Δ mice. Irf3Δ/Δ mice, upon respiratory virus infection, showed increased susceptibility and mortality. Irf3 deficiency caused enhanced inflammatory gene expression, lung inflammation, immunopathology, and damage, accompanied by increased infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Deletion of Irf3 in macrophages (Irf3MKO) displayed, similar to Irf3Δ/Δ mice, increased inflammatory responses, macrophage infiltration, lung damage, and lethality, indicating that IRF3 in these cells suppressed lung inflammation. RNA-seq analyses revealed enhanced NF-κB-dependent gene expression along with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in infected Irf3MKO lungs. Targeted analyses revealed activated MAPK signaling in Irf3MKO lungs. Therefore, IRF3 inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways in macrophages to prevent viral inflammation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Chakravarty
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Merina Varghese
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Shumin Fan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Roger Travis Taylor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ritu Chakravarti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Saurabh Chattopadhyay
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Science, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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10
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Marquis A, Hubing V, Ziemann C, Moriyama EN, Zhang L. The primate-specific presence of interferon regulatory factor-5 pseudogene 1. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29879. [PMID: 39169736 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a key transcription factor in inflammatory and immune responses, with its dysregulation linked to autoimmune diseases. Using bioinformatic approaches, including Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) for sequence similarity searches, BLAST-Like Alignment Tool (BLAT) for genome-wide alignments, and several phylogenetics software, such as Multiple Alignment using Fast Fourier Transform (MAFFT), for phylogenetic analyses, we characterized the structure, origin, and evolutionary history of the human IRF5 pseudogene 1 (IRF5P1). Our analyses reveal that IRF5P1 is a chimeric processed pseudogene containing sequences derived from multiple sources, including IRF5-like sequences from disparate organisms. We find that IRF5P1 is specific to higher primates, likely originating through an ancient retroviral integration event approximately 60 million years ago. Interestingly, IRF5P1 resides within the triple QxxK/R motif-containing (TRIQK) gene, and its antisense strand is predominantly expressed as part of the TRIQK pre-messenger RNA (mRNA). Analysis of publicly available RNA-seq data suggests potential expression of antisense IRF5P1 RNA. We hypothesize that this antisense RNA may regulate IRF5 expression through complementary binding to IRF5 mRNA, with human genetic variants potentially modulating this interaction. The conservation of IRF5P1 in the primate lineage suggests its positive effects on primate evolution and innate immunity. This study highlights the importance of investigating pseudogenes and their potential regulatory roles in shaping lineage-specific immune adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Marquis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Vanessa Hubing
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Chanasei Ziemann
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Etsuko N Moriyama
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Luwen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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11
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Ngwa C, Al Mamun A, Qi S, Sharmeen R, Conesa MPB, Ganesh BP, Manwani B, Liu F. Central IRF4/5 Signaling Are Critical for Microglial Activation and Impact on Stroke Outcomes. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:831-843. [PMID: 37432594 PMCID: PMC10782817 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and monocytes play a critical role in immune responses to cerebral ischemia. Previous studies have demonstrated that interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and IRF5 direct microglial polarization after stroke and impact outcomes. However, IRF4/5 are expressed by both microglia and monocytes, and it is not clear if it is the microglial (central) or monocytic (peripheral) IRF4-IRF5 regulatory axis that functions in stroke. In this work, young (8-12 weeks) male pep boy (PB), IRF4 or IRF5 flox, and IRF4 or IRF5 conditional knockout (CKO) mice were used to generate 8 types of bone marrow chimeras, to differentiate the role of central (PB-to-IRF CKO) vs. peripheral (IRF CKO-to-PB) phagocytic IRF4-IRF5 axis in stroke. Chimeras generated from PB and flox mice were used as controls. All chimeras were subjected to 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Three days after the stroke, outcomes and inflammatory responses were analyzed. We found that PB-to-IRF4 CKO chimeras had more robust microglial pro-inflammatory responses than IRF4 CKO-to-PB chimeras, while ameliorated microglial response was seen in PB-to-IRF5 CKO vs. IRF5 CKO-to-PB chimeras. PB-to-IRF4 or IRF5 CKO chimeras had worse or better stroke outcomes respectively than their controls, whereas IRF4 or 5 CKO-to-PB chimeras had similar outcomes compared to controls. We conclude that the central IRF4/5 signaling is responsible for microglial activation and mediates stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conelius Ngwa
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shaohua Qi
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Maria P Blasco Conesa
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bharti Manwani
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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12
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Chen L, Ai F, Wu X, Yu W, Jin X, Ma J, Xiang B, Shen S, Li X. Analysis of neutrophil extracellular trap-related genes in Crohn's disease based on bioinformatics. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e70013. [PMID: 39199011 PMCID: PMC11358036 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) presents with diverse clinical phenotypes due to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Its global incidence is on the rise. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks released by neutrophils that capture microbicidal proteins and oxidases targeting pathogens. Research has shown that NETs are implicated in the pathogenesis of several immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease. The goal of this study was to identify a panel of NET-related genes to construct a diagnostic and therapeutic model for CD. Through analysis of the GEO database, we identified 1950 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with CD. Gene enrichment and immune cell infiltration analyses indicate that neutrophil infiltrates and chemokine-related pathways are predominantly involved in CD, with other immune cells such as CD4 and M1 macrophages also playing a role in disease progression. Utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, we identified six hub genes (SPP1, SOCS3, TIMP1, IRF1, CXCL2 and CD274). To validate the accuracy of our model, we performed external validation with statistical differences(p < 0.05). Additionally, immunohistochemical experiments demonstrated higher protein expression of the hub genes in colonic tissues from CD patients compared to healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In summary, we identified six effective hub genes associated with NETs as potential diagnostic markers for CD. These markers not only offer targets for future research but also hold promise for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libin Chen
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Feiyan Ai
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xing Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wentao Yu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Xintong Jin
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Jian Ma
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Bo Xiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shourong Shen
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiayu Li
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and CancerThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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13
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Saikh KU, Anam K, Sultana H, Ahmed R, Kumar S, Srinivasan S, Ahmed H. Targeting Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Protein 88 (MyD88) and Galectin-3 to Develop Broad-Spectrum Host-Mediated Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8421. [PMID: 39125989 PMCID: PMC11313481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nearly six million people worldwide have died from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although COVID-19 vaccines are largely successful in reducing the severity of the disease and deaths, the decline in vaccine-induced immunity over time and the continuing emergence of new viral variants or mutations underscore the need for an alternative strategy for developing broad-spectrum host-mediated therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. A key feature of severe COVID-19 is dysregulated innate immune signaling, culminating in a high expression of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and a lack of antiviral interferons (IFNs), particularly type I (alpha and beta) and type III (lambda). As a natural host defense, the myeloid differentiation primary response protein, MyD88, plays pivotal roles in innate and acquired immune responses via the signal transduction pathways of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). However, recent studies have highlighted that infection with viruses upregulates MyD88 expression and impairs the host antiviral response by negatively regulating type I IFN. Galectin-3 (Gal3), another key player in viral infections, has been shown to modulate the host immune response by regulating viral entry and activating TLRs, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and NF-κB, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and contributing to the overall inflammatory response, the so-called "cytokine storm". These studies suggest that the specific inhibition of MyD88 and Gal3 could be a promising therapy for COVID-19. This review presents future directions for MyD88- and Gal3-targeted antiviral drug discovery, highlighting the potential to restore host immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal U. Saikh
- GlycoMantra Inc., bwtech South of the University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA; (K.A.); (H.S.); (R.A.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., bwtech South of the University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA; (K.A.); (H.S.); (R.A.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
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14
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Wright AP, Harris S, Madden S, Reyes BR, Mulamula E, Gibson A, Rauch I, Constant DA, Nice TJ. Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) determines intestinal epithelial cell development and immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:633-650. [PMID: 38604478 PMCID: PMC11323225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) responses to interferon (IFN) favor antiviral defense with minimal cytotoxicity, but IEC-specific factors that regulate these responses remain poorly understood. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) are a family of nine related transcription factors, and IRF6 is preferentially expressed by epithelial cells, but its roles in IEC immunity are unknown. In this study, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) screens found that Irf6 deficiency enhanced IFN-stimulated antiviral responses in transformed mouse IECs but not macrophages. Furthermore, knockout (KO) of Irf6 in IEC organoids resulted in profound changes to homeostasis and immunity gene expression. Irf6 KO organoids grew more slowly, and single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing indicated reduced expression of genes in epithelial differentiation and immunity pathways. IFN-stimulated gene expression was also significantly different in Irf6 KO organoids, with increased expression of stress and apoptosis-associated genes. Functionally, the transcriptional changes in Irf6 KO organoids were associated with increased cytotoxicity upon IFN treatment or inflammasome activation. These data indicate a previously unappreciated role for IRF6 in IEC biology, including regulation of epithelial development and moderation of innate immune responses to minimize cytotoxicity and maintain barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin P Wright
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Sydney Harris
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shelby Madden
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bryan Ramirez Reyes
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ethan Mulamula
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexis Gibson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Isabella Rauch
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David A Constant
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Timothy J Nice
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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15
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Zhang N, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yu J, Fu Y, Gao J, Jiang X, Jiang P, Wen Z. IRF1 and IL1A associated with PANoptosis serve as potential immune signatures for lung ischemia reperfusion injury following lung transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112739. [PMID: 39074415 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is the principal cause of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplantation, affecting short-term and long-term mortality post-transplantation. PANoptosis, a newly identified form of regulated cell death involving apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, is now considered a possible cause of organ damage and IRI. However, the specific role of PANoptosis to the development of lung IRI following lung transplantation is still not fully understood. METHODS In this study, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by analyzing the gene expression data from the GEO database related to lung IRI following lung transplantation. PANoptosis-IRI DEGs were determined based on the intersection of PANoptosis-related genes and screened DEGs. Hub genes associated with lung IRI were further screened using Lasso regression and the SVM-RFE algorithm. Additionally, the Cibersort algorithm was employed to assess immune cell infiltration and investigate the interaction between immune cells and hub genes. The upstream miRNAs that may regulate hub genes and compounds that may interact with hub genes were also analyzed. Moreover, an external dataset was utilized to validate the differential expression analysis of hub genes. Finally, the expressions of hub genes were ultimately confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry in both animal models of lung IRI and lung transplant patients. RESULTS PANoptosis-related genes, specifically interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and interleukin 1 alpha (IL1A), have been identified as potential biomarkers for lung IRI following lung transplantation. In mouse models of lung IRI, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of IRF1 and IL1A were significantly elevated in lung tissues of the IRI group compared to the control group. Moreover, lung transplant recipients exhibited significantly higher protein levels of IRF1 and IL1A in PBMCs when compared to healthy controls. Patients who experienced PGD showed elevated levels of IRF1 and IL1A proteins in their blood samples. Furthermore, in patients undergoing lung transplantation, the protein levels of IRF1 and IL1A were notably increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared to healthy controls. In addition, patients who developed primary graft dysfunction (PGD) exhibited even higher protein levels of IRF1 and IL1A than those without PGD. Furthermore, PANoptosis was observed in the lung tissues of mouse models of lung IRI and in the PBMCs of patients who underwent lung transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Our research identified IRF1 and IL1A as biomarkers associated with PANoptosis in lung IRI, suggesting their potential utility as targets for diagnosing and therapeutically intervening in lung IRI and PGD following lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiameng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zongmei Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Chen Q, Li J. Molecular mechanism analysis of nontuberculous mycobacteria infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:877-888. [PMID: 38700285 PMCID: PMC11290754 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to explore the molecular mechanisms of cystic fibrosis (CF) complicated with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection. Materials & methods: Expression profiles of CF with NTM-infected patients were downloaded from GEO database. Intersection analysis yielded 78 genes associated with CF with NTM infection. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the functions of hub genes were investigated. Results: Five hub genes (PIK3R1, IL1A, CXCR4, ACTN1, PFN1) were identified, which were primarily enriched in actin-related biological processes and pathways. Transcription factors RELA, JUN, NFKB1 and FOS that regulated hub genes modulated IL1A expression, while 21 other transcription factors regulated CXCR4 expression. Conclusion: In summary, this study may provide new insights into the mechanisms of CF with NTM infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihuang Chen
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Tuberculosis, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Fuzhou, 350025, China
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17
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Yu Z, Qiao X, Yu S, Gu X, Jin Y, Tang C, Niu J, Wang L, Song L. The involvement of interferon regulatory factor 8 in regulating the proliferation of haemocytes in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105172. [PMID: 38537730 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is an important transcriptional regulatory factor involving in multiple biological process, such as the antiviral immune response, immune cell proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, the involvement of a previously identified IRF8 homologue (CgIRF8) in regulating haemocyte proliferation of oyster were further investigated. CgIRF8 mRNA transcripts were detectable in all the stages of C. gigas larvae with the highest level in D-veliger (1.76-fold of that in zygote, p < 0.05). Its mRNA transcripts were also detected in all the three haemocyte subpopulations of adult oysters with the highest expression in granulocytes (2.79-fold of that in agranulocytes, p < 0.01). After LPS stimulation, the mRNA transcripts of CgIRF8 in haemocytes significantly increased at 12 h and 48 h, which were 2.04-fold and 1.65-fold (p < 0.05) of that in control group, respectively. Meanwhile, the abundance of CgIRF8 protein in the haemocytes increased significantly at 12 h after LPS stimulation (1.71-fold of that in seawater, p < 0.05). The immunofluorescence assay and Western blot showed that LPS stimulation induced an obvious nucleus translocation of CgIRF8 protein in haemocytes. After the expression of CgIRF8 was inhibited by the injection of CgIRF8 siRNA, the percentage of EdU positive haemocytes, the proportion of granulocytes, and the mRNA expression levels of CgGATA and CgSCL all declined significantly at 12 h after LPS stimulation, which was 0.64-fold (p < 0.05), 0.7-fold (p < 0.05), 0.31-fold and 0.54-fold (p < 0.001) of that in the NC group, respectively. While the expression level of cell proliferation-related protein CgCDK2, CgCDC6, CgCDC45 and CgPCNA were significantly increased (1.99-fold, and 2.41-fold, 3.76-fold and 4.79-fold compared to that in the NC group respectively, p < 0.001). Dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that CgIRF8 was able to activate the CgGATA promoter in HEK293T cells after transfection of CgGATA and CgIRF8. These results collectively indicated that CgIRF8 promoted haemocyte proliferation by regulating the expression of CgGATA and other related genes in the immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chunyu Tang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jixiang Niu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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18
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Zheng L, Pradhan S, Wang W, Zhang L, Lu Y. Psoriasis lesions induced by a topical interferon preparation. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13812. [PMID: 38997218 PMCID: PMC11245339 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zheng
- Department of DermatoverenologyChengdu Second People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Sushmita Pradhan
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyProvince Hospital, Karnali ProvinceBirendranagarNepal
| | - Wenju Wang
- Department of DermatoverenologyChengdu Second People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of DermatoverenologyChengdu Second People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Yonghong Lu
- Department of DermatoverenologyChengdu Second People's HospitalChengduChina
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19
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Zhou CJ, Zhang C, Lu LF, Li S. Fish ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) inhibits IFN production through autophagy-lysosomal dependent degradation of IRF7. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105181. [PMID: 38636698 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) is considered the master regulator of virus-induced interferon (IFN) production. However, to avoid an autoimmune response, the expression of IRF7 must be tightly controlled. In this study, we report that zebrafish ubiquitin-specific protease 8 (USP8) promotes IRF7 degradation through an autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway to inhibit IFN production. First, zebrafish usp8 is induced upon spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection and polyinosinic/polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) stimulation. Second, overexpression of USP8 suppresses SVCV or poly I:C-mediated IFN expression. Mechanistically, USP8 interacts with IRF7 and promotes its degradation via an autophagy-lysosome-dependent pathway. Finally, USP8 significantly suppresses cellular antiviral responses and enhances SVCV proliferation. In summary, our discoveries offer a perspective on the role of zebrafish USP8 and provide additional understanding of the regulation of IRF7 in host antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Jing Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long-Feng Lu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Shun Li
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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20
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Jiao Z, Li W, Xiang C, Li D, Huang W, Nie P, Huang B. IRF11 synergizes with STAT1 and STAT2 to promote type I IFN production. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109656. [PMID: 38801844 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 11 (IRF11), a fish specific member of IRF family, is a transcription factor known for its positive role in teleost antiviral defense by regulating IFN expression. Despite its recognized function, the precise mechanism of IRF11 in type I IFNs production remains largely unknown. In this study, we identified IRF11 in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, (AjIRF11) and determined its involvement in the later phase of fish IFN production. Our results demonstrate that IRF11-induced IFN production operates through ISRE binding. Mutations in each ISRE site within the promoter of AjIFN2 or AjIFN4 abolished IRF11-mediated activation of IFN promoters. In addition, the overexpression of AjIRF11 does not significantly impact the activation of AjIFN promoters induced by RLR-related signaling pathway proteins. Furthermore, IRF11-knockdown in ZFLs (zebrafish liver cells) has no effect on the RLRs-induced expression of zebrafish IFN-φ1 and IFN-φ3, indicating that IRF11 is not involved in the RLR-mediated IFN production. However, AjIRF11 can form transcription complexes with AjSTAT1 or AjSTAT2, or form homo- or heterodimers with AjIRF1 to stimulate the transcription of type I IFNs. Overall, it is shown in this study that IRF11 can act synergistically with STAT1 and/or STAT2 for the induction of IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Jiao
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Wenxing Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Chao Xiang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - DongLi Li
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China
| | - Wenshu Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, PR China
| | - Pin Nie
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, PR China
| | - Bei Huang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, PR China; Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, PR China.
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21
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Bazer FW, Johnson GA. Early Embryonic Development in Agriculturally Important Species. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1882. [PMID: 38997994 PMCID: PMC11240814 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fertilization of oocytes ovulated by pigs, sheep, cows, and horses is not considered a limiting factor in successful establishment of pregnancy. Pig, sheep, and cow embryos undergo cleavage to the blastocyst stage, hatch from the zona pellucida, and undergo central-type implantation. Hatched blastocysts of pigs, sheep, and cows transition from tubular to long filamentous forms to establish surface area for exchange of nutrients and gases with the uterus. The equine blastocyst, surrounded by external membranes, does not elongate but migrates throughout the uterine lumen before attaching to the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) to begin implantation. Pregnancy recognition signaling in pigs requires the trophectoderm to express interleukin 1 beta, estrogens, prostaglandin E2, and interferon gamma. Sheep and cow conceptus trophectoderm expresses interferon tau that induces interferon regulatory factor 2 that inhibits transcription of estrogen and oxytocin receptors by uterine epithelia. This prevents oxytocin-induced luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2-alpha from regressing the corpora lutea, as well as ensuring the secretion of progesterone required for maintenance of pregnancy. The pregnancy recognition signal produced by equine blastocysts is not known. Implantation in these species requires interactions between extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and integrins as the conceptus undergoes apposition and firm attachment to the uterine LE. This review provides details with respect to early embryonic development and the transition from spherical to filamentous conceptuses in pigs, sheep, and cows, as well as pre-implantation development of equine blastocysts and implantation of the conceptuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuller W. Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | - Gregory A. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA;
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22
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Zeng C, Zhu X, Li H, Huang Z, Chen M. The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6874. [PMID: 38999981 PMCID: PMC11241258 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) family comprises 11 members that are involved in various biological processes such as antiviral defense, cell proliferation regulation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of IRF1-9 in a range of liver diseases, including hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), alcohol-induced liver injury, Con A-induced liver injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). IRF1 is involved in the progression of hepatic IRI through signaling pathways such as PIAS1/NFATc1/HDAC1/IRF1/p38 MAPK and IRF1/JNK. The regulation of downstream IL-12, IL-15, p21, p38, HMGB1, JNK, Beclin1, β-catenin, caspase 3, caspase 8, IFN-γ, IFN-β and other genes are involved in the progression of hepatic IRI, and in the development of HCC through the regulation of PD-L1, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, CXCL10, and CXCR3. In addition, IRF3-PPP2R1B and IRF4-FSTL1-DIP2A/CD14 pathways are involved in the development of NAFLD. Other members of the IRF family also play moderately important functions in different liver diseases. Therefore, given the significance of IRFs in liver diseases and the lack of a comprehensive compilation of their molecular mechanisms in different liver diseases, this review is dedicated to exploring the molecular mechanisms of IRFs in various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ziyin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Mingkai Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 99 Zhang Zhidong Road, Wuhan 430060, China
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23
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Ke Z, Wen J, Wang Y, Li B, Wu S, Zhang D, Mo X, Li Y, Ren Y, Yin J, Shi C, Wang Q, Zheng S. Interferon regulatory factors inhibit TiLV replication by activating interferon-a3 in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 155:105152. [PMID: 38408717 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging virus that seriously threatens the tilapia industries worldwide. Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), which are the crucial mediators regulating the response of interferon (IFN) to combat invading viruses, have not yet been reported in tilapia during TiLV infection. Here, six IRF (IRF1, IRF2, IRF4, IRF7, IRF8, and IRF9) homologs from tilapia were characterized and analyzed. These IRFs typically shared the conserved domains and phylogenetic relationship with IRF homologs of other species. Tissue distribution analysis showed that all six IRF genes were expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression in immune-related tissues. Furthermore, overexpression of IRFs in tilapia brain (TiB) cells significantly inhibited TiLV propagation, as evidenced by decreased viral segment 8 gene transcripts and copy numbers of viral segment 1. More importantly, all six IRF genes significantly enhanced the promoter activity of type I interferon-a3 (IFNa3) in TiB cells, suggesting that tilapia IRF genes serve as positive regulators in activating IFNa3. Surprisingly, the promoter activity of IFNa3 mediated by IRF genes was markedly inhibited post-TiLV infection, indicating that TiLV antagonized IRF-mediated IFN immune response. Taken together, six IRF genes of tilapia are highly conserved transcription factors that inhibit TiLV infection by activating the promoter of IFNa3, which is in turn restrained by TiLV. These findings broaden our knowledge about the functionality of IRF-mediated antiviral immunity in tilapia against TiLV infection and host-TiLV interaction, which lays a foundation for developing antiviral strategies in tilapia cultural industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zishan Ke
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Bo Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Siyu Wu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Defeng Zhang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Xubing Mo
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Yan Ren
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jiyuan Yin
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Cunbin Shi
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Shucheng Zheng
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510380, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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24
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Li Y, Schütte W, Dekeukeleire M, Janssen C, Boon N, Asselman J, Lebeer S, Spacova I, De Rijcke M. The immunostimulatory activity of sea spray aerosols: bacteria and endotoxins activate TLR4, TLR2/6, NF-κB and IRF in human cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 927:171969. [PMID: 38547998 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Frequent exposure to sea spray aerosols (SSA) containing marine microorganisms and bioactive compounds may influence human health. However, little is known about potential immunostimulation by SSA exposure. This study focuses on the effects of marine bacteria and endotoxins in SSA on several receptors and transcription factors known to play a key role in the human innate immune system. SSA samples were collected in the field (Ostend, Belgium) or generated in the lab using a marine aerosol reference tank (MART). Samples were characterized by their sodium contents, total bacterial counts, and endotoxin concentrations. Human reporter cells were exposed to SSA to investigate the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in HEK-Blue hTLR4 cells and TLR2/6 in HEK-Blue hTLR2/6 cells, as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factors (IRF) in THP1-Dual monocytes. These responses were then correlated to the total bacterial counts and endotoxin concentrations to explore dose-effect relationships. Field SSA contained from 3.0 × 103 to 6.0 × 105 bacteria/m3 air (averaging 2.0 ± 1.9 × 105 bacteria/m3 air) and an endotoxin concentration ranging from 7 to 1217 EU/m3 air (averaging 389 ± 434 EU/m3 air). In contrast, MART SSA exhibited elevated levels of total bacterial count (from 2.0 × 105 to 2.4 × 106, averaging 7.3 ± 5.5 × 105 cells/m3 air) and endotoxin concentration from 536 to 2191 (averaging 1310 ± 513 EU/m3 air). SSA samples differentially activated TLR4, TLR2/6, NF-κB and IRF. These immune responses correlated dose-dependently with the total bacterial counts, endotoxin levels, or both. This study sheds light on the immunostimulatory potential of SSA and its underlying mechanisms, highlighting the need for further research to deepen our understanding of the health implications of SSA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Li
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium; Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Wyona Schütte
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Max Dekeukeleire
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Colin Janssen
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean Campus, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium.
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25
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Jang JH, Kim H, Kim HR, Cho JH. Rainbow trout DUBA inhibits type I interferon signaling by deubiquitinating TRAF3. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109581. [PMID: 38670412 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzyme A (DUBA), a member of the ovarian tumor (OTU) subfamily of deubiquitinases (DUBs), is recognized for its negative regulatory role in type I interferon (IFN) expression downstream of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3). However, its involvement in the TLR3 signaling pathway in fish remains largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of DUBA (OmDUBA) in the TLR3 response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). OmDUBA features a conserved OTU domain, and its expression increased in RTH-149 cells following stimulation with the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C). Gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that OmDUBA attenuated the activation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), resulting in a subsequent reduction in type I IFN expression and IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) activation in poly(I:C)-stimulated cells. OmDUBA interacted with TRAF3, a crucial mediator in TLR3-mediated type I IFN production. Under poly(I:C) stimulation, there was an augmentation in the K63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF3, a process significantly inhibited upon OmDUBA overexpression. These findings suggest that OmDUBA may function similarly to its mammalian counterparts in downregulating the poly(I:C)-induced type I IFN response in rainbow trout by removing the K63-linked ubiquitin chain on TRAF3. Our study provides novel insights into the role of fish DUBA in antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hye Jang
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ha Rang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Ju Hyun Cho
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea; Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea.
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26
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Xiao ZX, Liang R, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Roles of IRF4 in various immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112077. [PMID: 38615379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a member of IRF family of transcription factors which mainly regulates the transcription of IFN. IRF4 is restrictively expressed in immune cells such as T and B cells, macrophages, as well as DC. It is essential for the development and function of these cells. Since these cells take part in the homeostasis of the immune system and dysfunction of them contributes to the initiation and progress of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the roles of IRF4 in the SLE development becomes an important topic. Here we systemically discuss the biological characteristics of IRF4 in various immune cells and analyze the pathologic effects of IRF4 alteration in SLE and the potential targeting therapeutics of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xiu Xiao
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, the Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China.
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27
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Mago E, Zhao X, Zhang W, Shao Q, Li P, Huang S, Ding X, Liu H, Sun T, He F, Weng D. RIP1 kinase inactivation protects against LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112060. [PMID: 38652970 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by lung tissue oedema and inflammatory cell infiltration, with limited therapeutic interventions available. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), a critical regulator of cell death and inflammation implicated in many diseases, is not fully understood in the context of ARDS. In this study, we employed RIP1 kinase-inactivated (Rip1K45A/K45A) mice and two distinct RIPK1 inhibitors to investigate the contributions of RIP1 kinase activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS pathology. Our results indicated that RIPK1 kinase inactivation, achieved through both genetic and chemical approaches, significantly attenuated LPS-induced ARDS pathology, as demonstrated by reduced polymorphonuclear neutrophil percentage (PMN%) in alveolar lavage fluid, expression of inflammatory and fibrosis-related factors in lung tissues, as well as histological examination. Results by tunnel staining and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that RIPK1 kinase activity played a role in regulating cell apoptosis and inflammation induced by LPS administration in lung tissue. In summary, employing both pharmacological and genetic approaches, this study demonstrated that targeted RIPK1 kinase inactivation attenuates the pathological phenotype induced by LPS inhalation in an ARDS mouse model. This study enhances our understanding of the therapeutic potential of RIPK1 kinase modulation in ARDS, providing insights for the pathogenesis of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmauel Mago
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xunan Zhao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Weigao Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qianchao Shao
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Peiqi Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xinyu Ding
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Hu Liu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tingzhe Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246133, Anhui, China
| | - Fei He
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Dan Weng
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing 210094, China.
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28
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Metge BJ, Alsheikh HAM, Kammerud SC, Chen D, Das D, Nebane NM, Bostwick JR, Shevde LA, Samant RS. Targeting EMT using low-dose Teniposide by downregulating ZEB2-driven activation of RNA polymerase I in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:322. [PMID: 38719798 PMCID: PMC11079014 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06694-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination from the primary tumor is a complex process that requires crosstalk between tumor cells and the surrounding milieu and involves the interplay between numerous cellular-signaling programs. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains at the forefront of orchestrating a shift in numerous cellular programs, such as stemness, drug resistance, and apoptosis that allow for successful metastasis. Till date, there is limited success in therapeutically targeting EMT. Utilizing a high throughput screen of FDA-approved compounds, we uncovered a novel role of the topoisomerase inhibitor, Teniposide, in reversing EMT. Here, we demonstrate Teniposide as a potent modulator of the EMT program, specifically through an IRF7-NMI mediated response. Furthermore, Teniposide significantly reduces the expression of the key EMT transcriptional regulator, Zinc Finger E-Box Binding Homeobox 2 (ZEB2). ZEB2 downregulation by Teniposide inhibited RNA polymerase I (Pol I) activity and rRNA biogenesis. Importantly, Teniposide treatment markedly reduced pulmonary colonization of breast cancer cells. We have uncovered a novel role of Teniposide, which when used at a very low concentration, mitigates mesenchymal-like invasive phenotype. Overall, its ability to target EMT and rRNA biogenesis makes Teniposide a viable candidate to be repurposed as a therapeutic option to restrict breast cancer metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J Metge
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Sarah C Kammerud
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Devika Das
- Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Parexel Biotech, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - N Miranda Nebane
- High-Throughput Screening Center, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Robert Bostwick
- High-Throughput Screening Center, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lalita A Shevde
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rajeev S Samant
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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29
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Li Z, Li J, Li Z, Song Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Yuan L, Xiao W, Wang J. Zebrafish mylipb attenuates antiviral innate immunity through two synergistic mechanisms targeting transcription factor irf3. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012227. [PMID: 38739631 PMCID: PMC11115282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is the transcription factor crucial for the production of type I IFN in viral defence and inflammatory responses. The activity of IRF3 is strictly modulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) to effectively protect the host from infection while avoiding excessive immunopathology. Here, we report that zebrafish myosin-regulated light chain interacting protein b (mylipb) inhibits virus-induced type I IFN production via two synergistic mechanisms: induction of autophagic degradation of irf3 and reduction of irf3 phosphorylation. In vivo, mylipb-null zebrafish exhibit reduced lethality and viral mRNA levels compared to controls. At the cellular level, overexpression of mylipb significantly reduces cellular antiviral capacity, and promotes viral proliferation. Mechanistically, mylipb associates with irf3 and targets Lys 352 to increase K6-linked polyubiquitination, dependent on its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, leading to autophagic degradation of irf3. Meanwhile, mylipb acts as a decoy substrate for the phosphokinase tbk1 to attenuate irf3 phosphorylation and cellular antiviral responses independent of its enzymatic activity. These findings support a critical role for zebrafish mylipb in the limitation of antiviral innate immunity through two synergistic mechanisms targeting irf3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Le Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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30
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Geisert RD, Bazer FW, Lucas CG, Pfeiffer CA, Meyer AE, Sullivan R, Johns DN, Sponchiado M, Prather RS. Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the pig: A servomechanism involving sex steroids, cytokines and prostaglandins. Anim Reprod Sci 2024; 264:107452. [PMID: 38522133 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) is a term utilized in mammals to describe pathways in which the conceptus alters the endometrial environment to prevent regression of corpora lutea to ensure continued production of progesterone (P4) required for establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. For nearly 40 years after publication of the endocrine/exocrine theory, conceptus estrogen (E2) was considered the primary maternal recognition signal in the pig. Conceptus production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also considered to be a major factor in preventing luteolysis. An addition to E2 and PGE2, pig conceptuses produce interleukin 1B2 (IL1B2) and interferons (IFN) delta (IFND) and gamma (IFNG). The present review provides brief history of the discovery of E2, PGs and IFNS which led to research investigating the role of these conceptus secreted factors in establishing and maintaining pregnancy in the pig. The recent utilization of gene editing technology allowed a more direct approach to investigate the in vivo roles of IL1B2, E2, PGE2, AND IFNG for establishment of pregnancy. These studies revealed unknown functions for IFNG and ILB2 in addition to PGE2 and E2. Thus, pregnancy recognition signal is via a servomechanism in requiring sequential effects of P4, E2, IL1B2, PGE2 and IFNG. Results indicate that the original established dogma for the role of conceptus E2 and PGs in MRP is a far too simplified model that involves the interplay of numerous mechanisms for inhibiting luteolysis, inducing critical elongation of the conceptuses and resolution of inflammation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney D Geisert
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Caroline G Lucas
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Caroline A Pfeiffer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Ashley E Meyer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Riley Sullivan
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Destiny N Johns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Mariana Sponchiado
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Randall S Prather
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Latvala S, Lehtinen MJ, Mäkelä SM, Nedveck D, Zabel B, Ahonen I, Lehtoranta L, Turner RB, Liljavirta J. The effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04 on innate antiviral responses invitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29588. [PMID: 38665561 PMCID: PMC11043947 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of certain probiotic strains may be beneficial for reducing the risk of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), however, underlying immunological mechanisms are elusive. Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04™ has been reported in humans to significantly reduce the risk of URTIs, affect the innate immunity in the nasal mucosa, and reduce nasal lavage virus titer after a rhinovirus (RV) challenge. To study the immunological mechanisms, we investigated the effect of Bl-04 on cytokine production and transcriptomes of human monocyte-derived macrophages (Mfs) and dendritic cells (DCs), and further on RV replication and cytokine production in MRC-5 fibroblasts. The results showed that Bl-04 modulates antiviral immune responses and potentiates cytokine production during viral challenge mimic in immune cells. However, effect of Bl-04 on RV replication and cytokine production in fibroblasts was negligible. Overall, the findings suggest that Bl-04 mildly stimulates antiviral immunity in Mfs and DCs, and potentially influences viral replication in fibroblasts that however warrants further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bryan Zabel
- IFF Health & Biosciences, Madison, WI, 53716, USA
| | | | | | - Ronald B. Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
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Liu X, Tang J, Wang Z, Zhu C, Deng H, Sun X, Yu G, Rong F, Chen X, Liao Q, Jia S, Liu W, Zha H, Fan S, Cai X, Gui JF, Xiao W. Oxygen enhances antiviral innate immunity through maintenance of EGLN1-catalyzed proline hydroxylation of IRF3. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3533. [PMID: 38670937 PMCID: PMC11053110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms, but little is known about its role in antiviral immunity. Here, we report that during responses to viral infection, hypoxic conditions repress antiviral-responsive genes independently of HIF signaling. EGLN1 is identified as a key mediator of the oxygen enhancement of antiviral innate immune responses. Under sufficient oxygen conditions, EGLN1 retains its prolyl hydroxylase activity to catalyze the hydroxylation of IRF3 at proline 10. This modification enhances IRF3 phosphorylation, dimerization and nuclear translocation, leading to subsequent IRF3 activation. Furthermore, mice and zebrafish with Egln1 deletion, treatment with the EGLN inhibitor FG4592, or mice carrying an Irf3 P10A mutation are more susceptible to viral infections. These findings not only reveal a direct link between oxygen and antiviral responses, but also provide insight into the mechanisms by which oxygen regulates innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jinhua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xueyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fangjing Rong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qian Liao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huangyuan Zha
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Sijia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Fang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, P. R. China.
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Zhong C, She G, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Li J, Wei X, Chen Z, Zhao K, Zhao Z, Xu Z, Zhang H, Cao Y, Xue C. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus Nsp1 suppresses IFN-λ1 production by degrading IRF1 via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Vet Res 2024; 55:45. [PMID: 38589958 PMCID: PMC11003034 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel porcine enteric coronavirus that causes acute watery diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration in newborn piglets. The type III interferon (IFN-λ) response serves as the primary defense against viruses that replicate in intestinal epithelial cells. However, there is currently no information available on how SADS-CoV modulates the production of IFN-λ. In this study, we utilized IPI-FX cells (a cell line of porcine ileum epithelium) as an in vitro model to investigate the potential immune evasion strategies employed by SADS-CoV against the IFN-λ response. Our results showed that SADS-CoV infection suppressed the production of IFN-λ1 induced by poly(I:C). Through screening SADS-CoV-encoded proteins, nsp1, nsp5, nsp10, nsp12, nsp16, E, S1, and S2 were identified as antagonists of IFN-λ1 production. Specifically, SADS-CoV nsp1 impeded the activation of the IFN-λ1 promoter mediated by MAVS, TBK1, IKKε, and IRF1. Both SADS-CoV and nsp1 obstructed poly(I:C)-induced nuclear translocation of IRF1. Moreover, SADS-CoV nsp1 degraded IRF1 via the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome pathway without interacting with it. Overall, our study provides the first evidence that SADS-CoV inhibits the type III IFN response, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms employed by SADS-CoV to evade the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaoli She
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaona Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Nakano R, Chogahara I, Ohira M, Imaoka K, Sato S, Bekki T, Sato K, Imaoka Y, Marlen D, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Atherosclerosis Deteriorates Liver Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Via Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 Overexpression in a Murine Model. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:678-685. [PMID: 38433025 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is associated with cardiovascular-related mortality, along with an elevated risk of coronary, cerebrovascular, and cardiovascular events. Notably, AAC is strongly associated with poor overall and recurrence free survival posthepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite the acknowledged significance of atherosclerosis in systemic inflammation, its response to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) remains poorly elucidated. In this study, we aimed to clarify the impact of atherosclerosis on the liver immune system using a warm IRI mouse model. METHODS Injury was induced in an atherosclerotic mouse model (ApoE-/-) or C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) mice through 70% clamping for 1 hour and analyzed after 6 hours of reperfusion. RESULTS Elevated serum levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, along with histological assessment, indicated considerable damage in the livers of ApoE-/- mice than that in WT mice. This indicates a substantial contribution of atherosclerosis to IRI. Furthermore, T and natural killer (NK) cells in ApoE-/- mouse livers displayed a more inflammatory phenotype than those in WT mouse livers. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a significant upregulation of interleukin (IL)-15 and its transcriptional regulator, interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) in ApoE-/- mouse livers compared with that in WT mouse livers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in an atherosclerotic mouse model, atherosclerosis can mirror intrahepatic immunity, particularly activating liver NK and T cells through IL-15 production, thereby exacerbating hepatic damage. The upregulation of IL-15 expression is associated with IRF-1 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ichiya Chogahara
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan; Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kouki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Saki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Bekki
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Koki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuki Imaoka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Doskali Marlen
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan
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Sinha BK, Kumar D, Meher P, Kumari S, Prakash K, Gourinath S, Kashav T. Biophysical and functional characterization of N-terminal domain of Human Interferon Regulatory Factor 6. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:380. [PMID: 38429584 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) has a key function in palate fusion during palatogenesis during embryonic development, and mutations in IRF6 cause orofacial clefting disorders. METHODS AND RESULTS The in silico analysis of IRF6 is done to obtain leads for the domain boundaries and subsequently the sub-cloning of the N-terminal domain of IRF6 into the pGEX-2TK expression vector and successfully optimized the overexpression and purification of recombinant glutathione S-transferase-fused NTD-IRF6 protein under native conditions. After cleavage of the GST tag, NTD-IRF6 was subjected to protein folding studies employing Circular Dichroism and Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy at variable pH, temperature, and denaturant. CD studies showed predominantly alpha-helical content and the highest stability of NTD-IRF6 at pH 9.0. A comparison of native and renatured protein depicts loss in the secondary structural content. Intrinsic fluorescence and quenching studies have identified that tryptophan residues are majorly present in the buried areas of the protein and a small fraction was on or near the protein surface. Upon the protein unfolding with a higher concentration of denaturant urea, the peak of fluorescence intensity decreased and red shifted, confirming that tryptophan residues are majorly present in a more polar environment. While regulating IFNβ gene expression during viral infection, the N-terminal domain binds to the promoter region of Virus Response Element-Interferon beta (VRE-IFNβ). Along with the protein folding analysis, this study also aimed to identify the DNA-binding activity and determine the binding affinities of NTD-IRF6 with the VRE-IFNβ promoter region. The protein-DNA interaction is specific as demonstrated by gel retardation assay and the kinetics of molecular interactions as quantified by Biolayer Interferometry showed a strong affinity with an affinity constant (KD) value of 7.96 × 10-10 M. CONCLUSION NTD-IRF6 consists of a mix of α-helix and β-sheets that show temperature-dependent cooperative unfolding between 40 °C and 55 °C. Urea-induced unfolding shows moderate tolerance to urea as the mid-transition concentration of urea (Cm) is 3.2 M. The tryptophan residues are majorly buried as depicted by fluorescence quenching studies. NTD-IRF6 has a specific and high affinity toward the promoter region of VRE-IFNβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Kumari Sinha
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India
| | - Devbrat Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyabrata Meher
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India
| | - Shilpi Kumari
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishna Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | | | - Tara Kashav
- Department of Life Science, School of Earth, Biological and Environmental Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India.
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Pei S, Wei Y, Li Z, Zhong H, Dong J, Yi Z, Hou R, Kong W, Xiao J, Xu Z, Feng H. GSTP1 is a negative regulator of MAVS in the antiviral signaling against SVCV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109426. [PMID: 38316349 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), the most ubiquitous member of the GST superfamily, plays vital roles in the detoxification, antioxidant defense, and modulation of inflammatory responses. However, limited studies have been conducted on the function of GSTP1 in antiviral innate immunity. In this study, we have cloned the homolog of GSTP1 in triploid hybrid crucian carp (3nGSTP1) and investigated its regulatory role in the interferon signaling pathway. The open reading frame of 3nGSTP1 is composed of 627 nucleotides, encoding 209 amino acids. In response to spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) infection, the mRNA level of 3nGSTP1 was up-regulated in the liver, kidney, and caudal fin cell lines (3 nF C) of triploid fish. The knockdown of 3nGSTP1 in 3 nF C improved host cell's antiviral capacity and attenuated SVCV replication. Additionally, overexpression of 3nGSTP1 inhibited the activation of IFN promoters induced by SVCV infection, poly (I:C) stimulation, or the RLR signaling factors. The co-immunoprecipitation assays further revealed that 3nGSTP1 interacts with 3nMAVS. In addition, 3nGSTP1 dose-dependently inhibited 3nMAVS-mediated antiviral activity and reduced 3nMAVS protein level. Mechanistically, 3nGSTP1 promoted ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of MAVS by promoting its K48-linked polyubiquitination. To conclude, our results indicate that GSTP1 acts as a novel inhibitor of MAVS, which negatively regulates the IFN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingbing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zewen Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruixin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.
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Yuan X, Xin T, Yu H, Huang J, Xu Y, Ou C, Chen Y. Transcription Factor IRF7 is Involved in Psoriasis Development and Response to Guselkumab Treatment. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1039-1055. [PMID: 38375022 PMCID: PMC10876010 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s450048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Guselkumab is a highly effective biologic agent for treating psoriasis. This study aimed to explore potential transcription factors involved in psoriasis pathogenesis and response to guselkumab treatment, aiming to provide new therapeutic strategies for psoriasis. Patients and Methods We analyzed gene expression and single-cell RNA-seq data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that upregulated in psoriasis and downregulated after guselkumab treatment were subjected to enrichment analyses. Single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SENIC) and regulon module analyses identified different regulon activities between the lesion and non-lesion skin of psoriasis. Cell-cell communication analysis revealed interactions among specific cell clusters. Transcription factor (TF) regulons were identified from the guselkumab-specific regulon network. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) confirmed the IRF7 regulon in the validation cohort. Finally, the expression level of IRF7 was identified in plaque psoriasis before and after 12 weeks of guselkumab therapy by immunohistochemical experiment. Results 799 DEGs were downregulated after guselkumab treatment. Enrichment analyses highlighted the interleukin-17 (IL-17) pathway in this gene set. The M2 module exhibited the primary difference in regulon activity. Strong cell-cell interactions were observed between keratinocytes and immune cells. IRF7 regulon had significant roles in psoriasis and treatment response, as validated by GSEA analysis using the IL-17 signaling pathway as a reference. The immunohistochemical analysis unveiled substantial differences in the expression levels of IRF7 in psoriatic skin samples before and after 12 weeks of guselkumab treatment. Conclusion IRF7 may be the key player in psoriasis pathogenesis and the therapeutic process involving guselkumab. Targeting IRF7 might offer new therapeutic strategies for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Xin
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Guangdong College of Clinical Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaohan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caixin Ou
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
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Dodantenna N, Cha JW, Chathuranga K, Chathuranga WAG, Weerawardhana A, Ranathunga L, Kim Y, Jheong W, Lee JS. The African Swine Fever Virus Virulence Determinant DP96R Suppresses Type I IFN Production Targeting IRF3. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2099. [PMID: 38396775 PMCID: PMC10889005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
DP96R of African swine fever virus (ASFV), also known as uridine kinase (UK), encodes a virulence-associated protein. Previous studies have examined DP96R along with other genes in an effort to create live attenuated vaccines. While experiments in pigs have explored the impact of DP96R on the pathogenicity of ASFV, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we describe a novel molecular mechanism by which DP96R suppresses interferon regulator factor-3 (IRF3)-mediated antiviral immune responses. DP96R interacts with a crucial karyopherin (KPNA) binding site within IRF3, disrupting the KPNA-IRF3 interaction and consequently impeding the translocation of IRF3 to the nucleus. Under this mechanistic basis, the ectopic expression of DP96R enhances the replication of DNA and RNA viruses by inhibiting the production of IFNs, whereas DP96R knock-down resulted in higher IFNs and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) transcription during ASFV infection. Collectively, these findings underscore the pivotal role of DP96R in inhibiting IFN responses and increase our understanding of the relationship between DP96R and the virulence of ASFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Dodantenna
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Ji-Won Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Kiramage Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - W. A. Gayan Chathuranga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Asela Weerawardhana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Lakmal Ranathunga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
| | - Yongkwan Kim
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Weonhwa Jheong
- Wildlife Disease Response Team, National Institute of Wildlife Disease Control and Prevention, Gwangju 62407, Republic of Korea; (Y.K.); (W.J.)
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; (N.D.); (J.-W.C.); (K.C.); (W.A.G.C.); (A.W.); (L.R.)
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Xu H, Chen C, Chen L, Pan S. Pan-cancer analysis identifies the IRF family as a biomarker for survival prognosis and immunotherapy. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18084. [PMID: 38130025 PMCID: PMC10844690 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
IRF family genes have been shown to be crucial in tumorigenesis and tumour immunity. However, information about the role of IRF in the systematic assessment of pan-cancer and in predicting the efficacy of tumour therapy is still unknown. In this work, we performed a systematic analysis of IRF family genes in 33 tumour samples, including expression profiles, genomics and clinical characteristics. We then applied Single-Sample Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) to calculate IRF-scores and analysed the impact of IRF-scores on tumour progression, immune infiltration and treatment efficacy. Our results showed that genomic alterations, including SNPs, CNVs and DNA methylation, can lead to dysregulation of IRFs expression in tumours and participate in regulating multiple tumorigenesis. IRF-score expression differed significantly between 12 normal and tumour samples and the impact on tumour prognosis and immune infiltration depended on tumour type. IRF expression was correlated to drug sensitivity and to the expression of immune checkpoints and immune cell infiltration, suggesting that dysregulation of IRF family expression may be a critical factor affecting tumour drug response. Our study comprehensively characterizes the genomic and clinical profile of IRFs in pan-cancer and highlights their reliability and potential value as predictive markers of oncology drug efficacy. This may provide new ideas for future personalized oncology treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua‐Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Can Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Lin‐Yuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Shiyang Pan
- Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
- Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Laboratory MedicineNanjingChina
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Lan C, Zhou X, Shen X, Lin Y, Chen X, Lin J, Zhang Y, Zheng L, Yan S. Suppression of IRF9 Promotes Osteoclast Differentiation by Decreased Ferroptosis via STAT3 Activation. Inflammation 2024; 47:99-113. [PMID: 37804406 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-023-01896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease that endangers the health of the elderly. Inhibiting osteoclast hyperactivity is a key aspect of osteoporosis prevention and treatment. Several studies have shown that interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9) not only regulates innate and adaptive immune responses but also plays an important role in inflammation, antiviral response, and cell development. However, the exact role of IRF9 in osteoclasts has not been reported. To elucidate the role of IRF9 in osteoclast differentiation, we established the ovariectomized mouse model of postmenopausal osteoporosis and found that IRF9 expression was reduced in ovariectomized mice with overactive osteoclasts. Furthermore, knockdown of IRF9 expression enhanced osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Using RNA sequencing, we identified that the differentially expressed genes enriched by IRF9 knockdown were related to ferroptosis. We observed that IRF9 knockdown promoted osteoclast differentiation via decreased ferroptosis in vitro and further verified that IRF9 knockdown reduced ferroptosis by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to promote osteoclastogenesis. In conclusion, we identified an essential role of IRF9 in the regulation of osteoclastogenesis in osteoporosis and its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Endocrinology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Glycolipid and Bone Mineral Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Endocrinology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Glycolipid and Bone Mineral Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Ximei Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Endocrinology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Glycolipid and Bone Mineral Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Youfen Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Endocrinology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Glycolipid and Bone Mineral Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Jiebin Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Yongze Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Department of Endocrinology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Glycolipid and Bone Mineral Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
- Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China
| | - Lifeng Zheng
- Orthopedics Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Sunjie Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, National Regional Medical Center, Binhai Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350212, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Glycolipid and Bone Mineral Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Diabetes Research Institute of Fujian Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
- Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, China.
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Zervou MI, Tarlatzis BC, Grimbizis GF, Spandidos DA, Niewold TB, Goulielmos GN. Association of endometriosis with Sjögren's syndrome: Genetic insights (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:20. [PMID: 38186322 PMCID: PMC10781419 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with a history of endometriosis have an increased risk of developing various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and celiac disease. There is a potential association between endometriosis and an increased susceptibility for Sjögren's syndrome (SS). SS is a common chronic, inflammatory, systemic, autoimmune, multifactorial disease of complex pathology, with genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of this condition. It occurs in 0.5‑1% of the population, is characterized by the presence of ocular dryness, lymphocytic infiltrations and contributes to neurological, gastrointestinal, vascular and dermatological manifestations. Endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen‑dependent, multifactorial, heterogeneous gynecological disease, affecting ≤10% of reproductive‑age women. It is characterized by the occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, mainly in the pelvic cavity, and is associated with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and either subfertility or infertility. It is still unclear whether SS appears as a secondary response to endometriosis, or it is developed due to any potential shared mechanisms of these conditions. The aim of the present review was to explore further the biological basis only of the co‑occurrence of these disorders but not their association at clinical basis, focusing on the analysis of the partially shared genetic background between endometriosis and SS, and the clarification of the possible similarities in the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and the relevant molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Basil C. Tarlatzis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris F. Grimbizis
- Unit for Human Reproduction, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Papageorgiou' General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - George N. Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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Chaudhary JK, Ahamad N, Rath PC. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the mouse bone marrow show differential expression of interferon regulatory factors IRF-1 and IRF-2. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:97. [PMID: 38194130 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon regulatory factors (IRF-1 and IRF-2) are transcription factors widely implicated in various cellular processes, including regulation of inflammatory responses to pathogens, cell proliferation, oncogenesis, differentiation, autophagy, and apoptosis. METHODS We have studied the expression of IRF-1, IRF-2 mRNAs by RT-PCR, cellular localization of the proteins by immunofluorescence, and expression of mRNAs of genes regulated by IRF-1, IRF-2 by RT-PCR in mouse bone marrow cells (BMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). RESULTS Higher level of IRF-1 mRNA was observed in BMCs and MSCs compared to that of IRF-2. Similarly, differential expression of IRF-1 and IRF-2 proteins was observed in BMCs and MSCs. IRF-1 was predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, whereas IRF-2 was localized in the nuclei of BMCs. MSCs showed nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of IRF-1 and nuclear localization of IRF-2. Constitutive expression of IRF-1 and IRF-2 target genes: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and caspase-1 was observed in both BMCs and MSCs. MSCs showed constitutive expression of the pluripotency-associated factors, Oct3/4 and Sox-2. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treatment of MSCs induced prominent cellular localization of IRF-1 and IRF-2. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that IRF-1 and IRF-2 exhibit differential expression of their mRNAs and subcellular localization of the proteins in BMCs and MSCs. These cells also show differential levels of constitutive expression of IRF-1 and IRF-2 target genes. This may regulate immune-responsive properties of BMCs and MSCs through IRF-1, IRF-2-dependent gene expression and protein-protein interaction. Regulating IRF-1 and IRF-2 may be helpful for immunomodulatory functions of MSCs for cell therapy and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Chaudhary
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Naseem Ahamad
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Pramod C Rath
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Matta SK, Kohio HP, Chandra P, Brown A, Doench JG, Philips JA, Ding S, Sibley LD. Genome-wide and targeted CRISPR screens identify RNF213 as a mediator of interferon gamma-dependent pathogen restriction in human cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315865120. [PMID: 38147552 PMCID: PMC10769850 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315865120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
To define cellular immunity to the intracellular pathogen Toxoplasma gondii, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screen to identify genes important for (interferon gamma) IFN-γ-dependent growth restriction. We revealed a role for the tumor suppressor NF2/Merlin for maximum induction of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISG), which are positively regulated by the transcription factor IRF-1. We then performed an ISG-targeted CRISPR screen that identified the host E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF213 as necessary for IFN-γ-mediated control of T. gondii in multiple human cell types. RNF213 was also important for control of bacterial (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and viral (Vesicular Stomatitis Virus) pathogens in human cells. RNF213-mediated ubiquitination of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) led to growth restriction of T. gondii in response to IFN-γ. Moreover, overexpression of RNF213 in naive cells also impaired growth of T. gondii. Surprisingly, growth inhibition did not require the autophagy protein ATG5, indicating that RNF213 initiates restriction independent of a previously described noncanonical autophagy pathway. Mutational analysis revealed that the ATPase domain of RNF213 was required for its recruitment to the PVM, while loss of a critical histidine in the RZ finger domain resulted in partial reduction of recruitment to the PVM and complete loss of ubiquitination. Both RNF213 mutants lost the ability to restrict growth of T. gondii, indicating that both recruitment and ubiquitination are required. Collectively, our findings establish RNF213 as a critical component of cell-autonomous immunity that is both necessary and sufficient for control of intracellular pathogens in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit K. Matta
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Hinissan P. Kohio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Pallavi Chandra
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Adam Brown
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - John G. Doench
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA02142
| | - Jennifer A. Philips
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
| | - L. David Sibley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO63130
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Zhou Y, Huang Y, Chen X, Chen T, Hu W, Hou W, Zhang Q, Xiong Y. Transcriptomic study reveals changes of lncRNAs in PBMCs from HIV-1 patients before and after ART. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22493. [PMID: 38110484 PMCID: PMC10728114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating HIV-1 infection and virus-host interactions. However, it is unclear whether and how ART alters lncRNAs in HIV-infected patients. In the present study, we investigated changes of lncRNAs in PBMCs from HIV-1 patients pre- and post-ART. We identified a total of 974 lncRNAs whose expression was restored to normal levels after ART. Cis-acting analysis showed that six lncRNAs have cis-regulated target genes, among which RP11-290F5.1 and interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) were reported to promote HIV replication. Furthermore, we found that lncRNA CTB-119C2.1, which regulates most mRNAs with differential expression in PBMCs from HIV-1 infected patients after ART, was significantly upregulated by RNA-seq and qRT-PCR assays. KEGG analysis of CTB-119C2.1-associated genes revealed that most of the genes are involved in the p53 signaling pathway and pathways related to cell cycle and DNA replication. Our findings thus reveal the dynamic change of lncRNAs in people living with HIV-1 pre- and post-ART and warrant further investigation of the role of lncRNAs in HIV-1 pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tielong Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wenjia Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology/Institute of Medical Virology/Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, 185 Donghu Road, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169, Donghu Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Wang L, Zheng W, Lv X, Song Y, Xu T. circMORC3-encoded novel protein negatively regulates antiviral immunity through synergizing with host gene MORC3. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011894. [PMID: 38150467 PMCID: PMC10775979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-coding ability of circRNAs has recently been a hot topic, but the role of protein-coding circRNAs in antiviral innate immunity of teleost fish has rarely been reported. Here, we identified a novel circRNA, termed circMORC3, derived from Microrchidia 3 (MORC3) gene in Miichthys miiuy. circMORC3 can inhibit the expression of antiviral cytokines. In addition, circMORC3 encodes a novel peptide with a length of 84 amino acids termed MORC3-84aa. MORC3-84aa not only significantly inhibited TRIF-mediated activation of IRF3 and NF-κB signaling pathways, but also effectively suppressed the expression of antiviral cytokines triggered by RNA virus Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV). We found that MORC3-84aa directly interacted with TRIF and negatively regulated TRIF protein expression. In addition, host gene MORC3 attenuates SCRV-induced IFN and ISG expression. Mechanistically, MORC3-84aa promotes autophagic degradation of TRIF by enhancing K6-linked ubiquitination and inhibits TRIF-mediated activation of the type I interferon signaling pathway. And the host gene MORC3 not only repressed IRF3 protein expression but also inhibited IRF3 phosphorylation levels. Our study shows that circMORC3 and host gene MORC3 played a synergistic role in viral immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Lv
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Song
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lin-gang Special Area, Shanghai, China
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Zeng J, Yao J, Zhou Y, Yu L, Zhang L, Wang C, Luo Y, Li Z, Xu B. Expression of interferon regulatory factor family and its prognostic value in acute myeloid leukemia. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2465-2479. [PMID: 38054394 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To elucidate the clinicopathological and prognostic values of interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients & methods: Differential expression analysis and survival analysis from several reliable databases were conducted and further validated using patients with AML. Results: The expression level of IRF1/2/4/5/7/8/9 in patients with AML was upregulated, while IRF3/6 expression was downregulated. High IRF1/7/9 expression indicated a worse overall survival rate. Conclusion: Overexpression of IRF1/7/9 may be associated with poor survival in patients with AML, suggesting that the IRF family may be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zeng
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 351002, China
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hematological Malignancy of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 351002, China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hematological Malignancy of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hematological Malignancy of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Lian Yu
- Department of Hematology & Rheumatology, Longyan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, 364000, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hematological Malignancy of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Caiyan Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hematological Malignancy of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Yiming Luo
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hematological Malignancy of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Bing Xu
- The School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 351002, China
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University & Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Hematological Malignancy of Xiamen, Xiamen, 361003, China
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 351002, China
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47
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Zeng X, Liu C, Fan J, Zou J, Guo M, Sun G. RNF138 Downregulates Antiviral Innate Immunity by Inhibiting IRF3 Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16110. [PMID: 38003298 PMCID: PMC10671598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A viral infection activates the transcription factors IRF3 and NF-κB, which synergistically induces type I interferons (IFNs). Here, we identify the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF138 as an important negative regulator of virus-triggered IRF3 activation and IFN-β induction. The overexpression of RNF138 inhibited the virus-induced activation of IRF3 and the transcription of the IFNB1 gene, whereas the knockout of RNF138 promoted the virus-induced activation of IRF3 and transcription of the IFNB1 gene. We further found that RNF138 promotes the ubiquitination of PTEN and subsequently inhibits PTEN interactions with IRF3, which is essential for the PTEN-mediated nuclear translocation of IRF3, thereby inhibiting IRF3 import into the nucleus. Our findings suggest that RNF138 negatively regulates virus-triggered signaling by inhibiting the interaction of PTEN with IRF3, and these data provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cellular antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhuang Zeng
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chaozhi Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinhao Fan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Jiabin Zou
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Guihong Sun
- Taikang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan 430071, China
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48
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Wang R, Liu X, Han Q, Wang X. Characterisation, evolution and expression analysis of the interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) in response to Edwardsiella tarda infection and temperature stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109115. [PMID: 37758096 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family involves in the transcriptional regulation of type I Interferons (IFNs) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and plays a critical role in cytokine signaling and immune response. However, systematic identification of the IRF gene family in teleost has been rarely reported. In this study, twelve IRF members, named PoIRF1, PoIRF2, PoIRF3, PoIRF4a, PoIRF4b, PoIRF5, PoIRF6, PoIRF7, PoIRF8, PoIRF9, PoIRF10 and PoIRF11, were identified from genome-wide data of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PoIRFs could be classified into four clades, including IRF1 subfamily (PoIRF1, PoIRF11), IRF3 subfamily (PoIRF3, PoIRF7), IRF4 subfamily (PoIRF4a, PoIRF8, PoIRF9, PoIRF10) and IRF5 subfamily (PoIRF5, PoIRF6). They were evolutionarily related to their counterparts in other fish. Gene structure and motif analysis showed that PoIRFs protein sequences were highly conserved. Under normal physiological conditions, all PoIRFs were generally expressed in multiple developmental stages and healthy tissues. After E. tarda attack and temperature stress, twelve PoIRFs showed significant and different changes in mRNA levels. The expression of PoIRF1, PoIRF3, PoIRF4a, PoIRF5, PoIRF7, PoIRF8, PoIRF9, PoIRF10 and PoIRF11 could be markedly induced by E. tarda, indicating that they played a key role in the process of antibacterial immunity. Besides, temperature stress could significantly stimulate the expression of PoIRF3, PoIRF5, PoIRF6 and PoIRF7, indicating that they could transmit signals rapidly when the temperature changes. In conclusion, this study reported the molecular properties and expression analysis of PoIRFs, and explored their role in immune response, which laid a favorable foundation for further studies on the evolution and functional characteristics of the IRF family in teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Qingxi Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xubo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; National Engineering Research Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Engineering, Ningbo University, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Key Laboratory of Green Mariculture (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Ningbo University, China.
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49
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Ding W, Zhang M, Zhang P, Zhang X, Sun J, Lin B. Identification of anoikis-related subtypes and immune landscape in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18069. [PMID: 37872217 PMCID: PMC10593771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoikis is a specific form of programmed cell death induced by the loss of cell contact with the extracellular matrix and other cells, and plays an important role in organism development, tissue homeostasis, disease development and tumor metastasis. We comprehensively investigated the expression patterns of anoikis-related genes (ARGs) in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) from public databases. Anoikis-related prognostic signatures were established based on four ARGs expression, in which KIRC patients were assigned different risk scores and divided into two different risk groups. In addition, four ARGs expression was validated by qRT-PCR. A better prognosis was observed in the low-risk group, but with lower immune activity (including immune cells and immune-related functions) in the tumor microenvironment. Combined with the relevant clinical characteristics, a nomogram for clinical application was established. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and calibration curves were constructed to demonstrate the predictive power of this risk signature. In addition, higher risk scores were significantly and positively correlated with higher gene expression of tumor mutation load (TMB), immune checkpoints (ICPs) and mismatch repair (MMR)-related proteins in general. The results also suggested that the high-risk group was more sensitive to immunotherapy and certain chemotherapeutic agents. Anoikis-related prognostic signatures may provide a better understanding of the roles of ARGs and offer new perspectives for clinical prognosis and individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Ding
- The Department of Nephrology and Hemopurification Center, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The Department of Nephrology and Hemopurification Center, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Department of Nephrology and Hemopurification Center, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- The Department of Nephrology and Hemopurification Center, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Junwei Sun
- The Department of Nephrology and Hemopurification Center, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Biying Lin
- The Department of Nephrology and Hemopurification Center, Affiliated Guangdong Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China.
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50
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Zhang XY, Li YY, Huang HX, Zhao CC, Lei XX, Zhao BP, Lu JY, Lan T, Sun WC. Seneca Valley virus 3C pro antagonizes host innate immune responses and programmed cell death. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1235620. [PMID: 37869659 PMCID: PMC10588452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1235620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, may cause serious water blister diseases in pregnant sows and acute death in newborn piglets, which have resulted in economic losses in pig production. The 3C protease is a vital enzyme for SVV maturation and is capable of regulating protein cleavage and RNA replication of the virus. Additionally, this protease can impede the host's innate immune response by targeting the interferon pathway's principal factor and enhance virus replication by modulating the host's RNA metabolism while simultaneously triggering programmed cell death. This article reviews recent studies on SVV 3C functions, which include viral replication promotion, cell apoptosis modulation and host immune response evasion, and provides a theoretical basis for research on preventing and controlling SVV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Zhang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-ying Li
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hai-xin Huang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chen-chen Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Lei
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bao-peng Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-yi Lu
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-chao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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