1
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Skóra B, Piechowiak T, Szychowski KA. Dual mechanism of silver nanoparticle-mediated upregulation of adipogenesis in mouse fibroblasts (3T3-L1) in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116726. [PMID: 37844778 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widespread in the environment due to the increase in their application e.g. in medicine as part of hard-to-heal wound dressings. Many studies have revealed easy diffusion of AgNPs into deep skin layers through damaged epidermis and contact with e.g. fibroblasts. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of small-size AgNPs (10 nm) in ppm concentrations on the adipogenesis process in mouse embryo fibroblasts (3T3-L1). The results showed a decrease in the metabolic activity, followed by an increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in a dose- and time-dependent manner (0-20 ppm). The increased caspase-3 activity was observed only at the highest concentration (20 ppm) of AgNPs. Further analysis showed the ability of the tested NPs to increase the lipid accumulation in adipocytes, similar to ROSI [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist], measured by Oil-Red-O staining. Moreover, the analyses evidenced the ability of AgNPs to increase the lipoxygenase activity and malondialdehyde levels, which is probably based on ROS-dependent enhancement of lipid hydroperoxidation. Lastly, a significant increase in the PPARγ, Adiponectin, Resistin, Vegf, and Serpine mRNA expression was shown 6 h after the induction of the differentiation process. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that small-size AgNPs increase adipogenesis via ROS- and PPARγ-based mechanisms with potential engagement of crosstalk with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is important due to the widespread application of AgNPs in medicine. However, more studies are needed to elucidate the full mechanism of these NPs in the tested cell model in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Skóra
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Piechowiak
- Department of Chemistry and Food Toxicology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, St. Cwiklinskiej 1A, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Biotechnology and Cell Biology, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management, St. Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
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2
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Wang S, Xu J, Li W, Sun S, Gao S, Hou Y. Magnetic Nanostructures: Rational Design and Fabrication Strategies toward Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5411-5475. [PMID: 35014799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the continuous development of magnetic nanostructures (MNSs) has tremendously promoted both fundamental scientific research and technological applications. Different from the bulk magnet, the systematic engineering on MNSs has brought a great breakthrough in some emerging fields such as the construction of MNSs, the magnetism exploration of multidimensional MNSs, and their potential translational applications. In this review, we give a detailed description of the synthetic strategies of MNSs based on the fundamental features and application potential of MNSs and discuss the recent progress of MNSs in the fields of nanomedicines, advanced nanobiotechnology, catalysis, and electromagnetic wave adsorption (EMWA), aiming to provide guidance for fabrication strategies of MNSs toward diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuren Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengnan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Song Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Spin-X Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yanglong Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Innovation Centre for Engineering Science and Advanced Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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3
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Hajiesmailpoor A, Emami P, Kondori BJ, Ghorbani M. Stem cell therapy as a recent advanced approach in male infertility. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101634. [PMID: 34481231 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infertility is one of the most common problems in the world that has negative effects on society and infertile people. Among the various causes of infertility, male infertility accounts for almost half of all infertility cases. Despite advances in medicine, current male infertility treatments such as assisted reproductive technology (ART) have not been successful in treating all types of male infertility. Recently, stem cells have been considered as therapeutic targets for many diseases, including infertility, due to their self-renewing and high differentiation. The purpose of this review is to discuss different types of male infertility and the effect of various stem cells against the treatment of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayshe Hajiesmailpoor
- Department of Emergency Medical Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Payam Emami
- Department of Emergency Medical Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Bahman Jalali Kondori
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Ghorbani
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Deng J, Ni Z, Gu W, Chen Q, Nowak WN, Chen T, Issa Bhaloo S, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Zhou B, Zhang L, Xu Q. Single-cell gene profiling and lineage tracing analyses revealed novel mechanisms of endothelial repair by progenitors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5299-5320. [PMID: 32166394 PMCID: PMC11104897 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) have been implicated to participate in vascular repair. However, the exact role of SPCs in endothelial repair of large vessels still remains controversial. This study aimed to delineate the cellular heterogeneity and possible functional role of endogenous vascular SPCs in large vessels. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and genetic lineage tracing mouse models, we uncovered the cellular heterogeneity of SPCs, i.e., c-Kit+ cells in the mouse aorta, and found that endogenous c-Kit+ cells acquire endothelial cell fate in the aorta under both physiological and pathological conditions. While c-Kit+ cells contribute to aortic endothelial turnover in the atheroprone regions during homeostasis, recipient c-Kit+ cells of nonbone marrow source replace both luminal and microvessel endothelial cells in transplant arteriosclerosis. Single-cell pseudotime analysis of scRNA-seq data and in vitro cell experiments suggest that vascular SPCs display endothelial differentiation potential and undergo metabolic reprogramming during cell differentiation, in which AKT/mTOR-dependent glycolysis is critical for endothelial gene expression. These findings demonstrate a critical role for c-Kit lineage cells in aortic endothelial turnover and replacement, and may provide insights into therapeutic strategies for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhichao Ni
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Wenduo Gu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Qishan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Witold Norbert Nowak
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shirin Issa Bhaloo
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Zhongyi Zhang
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Yanhua Hu
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, BHF Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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5
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Tiwari MD, Zeitler DM, Meister G, Wodarz A. Molecular profiling of stem cell-like female germ line cells in Drosophila delineates networks important for stemness and differentiation. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.046789. [PMID: 31649115 PMCID: PMC6899027 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells can self-renew and produce daughter cells destined for differentiation. The precise control of the balance between these two outcomes is essential to ensure tissue homeostasis and to prevent uncontrolled proliferation resulting in tumor formation. As self-renewal and differentiation are likely to be controlled by different gene expression programs, unraveling the underlying gene regulatory networks is crucial for understanding the molecular logic of this system. In this study, we have characterized by next generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) the transcriptome of germline stem cell (GSC)-like cells isolated from bag of marbles (bam) mutant Drosophila ovaries and compared it to the transcriptome of germ line cells isolated from wild-type ovaries. We have complemented this dataset by utilizing an RNA-immunoprecipitation strategy to identify transcripts bound to the master differentiation factor Bam. Protein complex enrichment analysis on these combined datasets allows us to delineate known and novel networks essential for GSC maintenance and differentiation. Further comparative transcriptomics illustrates similarities between GSCs and primordial germ cells and provides a molecular footprint of the stem cell state. Our study represents a useful resource for functional studies on stem cell maintenance and differentiation. Summary: Fruit fly germline stem cell differentiation is accompanied by major changes of the transcriptome that may be regulated at the post-transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu D Tiwari
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany .,Cluster of Excellence - Cellular stress response in aging-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniela M Zeitler
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Meister
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wodarz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Institute I for Anatomy, University of Cologne Medical School, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Köln, Germany .,Cluster of Excellence - Cellular stress response in aging-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.,Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Georg-August University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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6
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Core-shell magnetoelectric nanorobot - A remotely controlled probe for targeted cell manipulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1755. [PMID: 29379076 PMCID: PMC5788862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a remotely controlled dynamic process of manipulating targeted biological live cells using fabricated core-shell nanocomposites, which comprises of single crystalline ferromagnetic cores (CoFe2O4) coated with crystalline ferroelectric thin film shells (BaTiO3). We demonstrate them as a unique family of inorganic magnetoelectric nanorobots (MENRs), controlled remotely by applied a.c. or d.c. magnetic fields, to perform cell targeting, permeation, and transport. Under a.c. magnetic field excitation (50 Oe, 60 Hz), the MENR acts as a localized electric periodic pulse generator and can permeate a series of misaligned cells, while aligning them to an equipotential mono-array by inducing inter-cellular signaling. Under a.c. magnetic field (40 Oe, 30 Hz) excitation, MENRs can be dynamically driven to a targeted cell, avoiding untargeted cells in the path, irrespective of cell density. D.C. magnetic field (−50 Oe) excitation causes the MENRs to act as thrust generator and exerts motion in a group of cells.
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7
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Qiu L, Liao MC, Chen AK, Wei S, Xie S, Reuveny S, Zhou ZD, Hunziker W, Tan EK, Oh SKW, Zeng L. Immature Midbrain Dopaminergic Neurons Derived from Floor-Plate Method Improve Cell Transplantation Therapy Efficacy for Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017. [PMID: 28650520 PMCID: PMC5689771 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have indicated human embryonic stem cells-derived midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons as proper cell resources for use in Parkinson's disease (PD) therapy. Nevertheless, no detailed and systematic study has been conducted to identify which differentiation stages of mDA cells are most suitable for transplantation in PD therapy. Here, we transplanted three types of mDA cells, DA progenitors (differentiated in vitro for 16 days [D16]), immature DA neurons (D25), and DA neurons (D35), into PD mice and found that all three types of cells showed high viability and strong neuronal differentiation in vivo. Both D25 and D35 cells showed neuronal maturation and differentiation toward TH+ cells and, accordingly, satisfactory behavioral functional recovery. However, transplanted D16 cells were less capable of producing functional recovery. These findings provide a valuable guideline for standardizing the differentiation stage of the transplantable cells used in clinical cell therapy for PD. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1803-1814.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qiu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Mei-Chih Liao
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Allen K Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Shunhui Wei
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Shaoping Xie
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.,Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Walter Hunziker
- Epithelial Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.,Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.,Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Steve K W Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.,Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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8
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Blázquez-Prunera A, Díez JM, Gajardo R, Grancha S. Human mesenchymal stem cells maintain their phenotype, multipotentiality, and genetic stability when cultured using a defined xeno-free human plasma fraction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:103. [PMID: 28449711 PMCID: PMC5408419 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0552-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promising characteristics for their use in advanced therapy medicinal products. However, there are some unresolved concerns, such as the use of animal components for their expansion. In this study we assessed the suitability of a xeno-free supplement for cell culture (SCC) derived from human plasma, to culture and expand human MSCs (hMSCs) from different origins. Characteristics of viable cultured hMSCs such as genetic stability, phenotype and multipotentiality were qualitatively evaluated. Methods hMSCs from adipose tissue (AT), bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord (UC) and supplier sources (commercial/non-commercial) were used. After hMSCs expansion in a xeno-free medium, classical hMSCs markers were studied by immunocytochemistry, and genetic stability was tested by classic karyotyping. The capacity of hMSCs to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic cells in differentiation media was assessed using different staining. Different lots of SCC were used to assure consistency between batches. Results All hMSCs tested maintained their morphology and adherence to plastic during their expansion, and preserved their genetic stability, phenotype and differentiation potential. No differences were observed when using different lots of SCC. Moreover, the proliferation rate, evaluated as population doubling time (PDT) of commercial BM and AT hMSCs, was higher in the xeno-free medium than in the control media provided by the suppliers of the cells (PDT of 4.6 for BM-hMSC and 6.4 for AT-hMSC in xeno-free medium, and 7.0 and 14.7 respectively in the commercial media). UC-hMSCs PDT was similar in all the media tested. When using non-commercial BM-hMSCs, PDT was lower in the xeno-free medium, but reverted to the control level with the addition of growth factors. Conclusions SCC-containing medium can be a feasible xeno-free alternative to expand hMSCs for advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantxa Blázquez-Prunera
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José María Díez
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain. .,Cell Culture and Virology Laboratory, Research & Development Biologics, Industrial Group, Grifols, Carrer Llevant, 11, 08150, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Rodrigo Gajardo
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Grancha
- Research and Development, Bioscience Industrial Group, Grifols, Parets del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Gao M, Dong Q, Zhang H, Yang Y, Zhu J, Yang Z, Xu M, Xu R. Syringe needle skull penetration reduces brain injuries and secondary inflammation following intracerebral neural stem cell transplantation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:885-890. [PMID: 28450914 PMCID: PMC5403566 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is beneficial for delivering stem cell grafts effectively, however, this approach may subsequently result in brain injury and secondary inflammation. To reduce the risk of promoting brain injury and secondary inflammation, two methods were compared in the present study. Murine skulls were penetrated using a drill on the left side and a syringe needle on the right. Mice were randomly divided into three groups (n=84/group): Group A, receiving NSCs in the left hemisphere and PBS in the right; group B, receiving NSCs in the right hemisphere and PBS in the left; and group C, receiving equal NSCs in both hemispheres. Murine brains were stained for morphological analysis and subsequent evaluation of infiltrated immune cells. ELISA was performed to detect neurotrophic and immunomodulatory factors in the brain. The findings indicated that brain injury and secondary inflammation in the left hemisphere were more severe than those in the right hemisphere, following NSC transplantation. In contrast to the left hemisphere, more neurotrophic factors but less pro-inflammatory cytokines were detected in the right hemisphere. In addition, increased levels of neurotrophic factors and interleukin (IL)-10 were observed in the NSC transplantation side when compared with the PBS-treated hemispheres, although lower levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were detected. In conclusion, the present study indicated that syringe needle skull penetration vs. drill penetration is an improved method that reduces the risk of brain injury and secondary inflammation following intracerebral NSC transplantation. Furthermore, NSCs have the potential to modulate inflammation secondary to brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.,Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Qin Dong
- Department of Neurology, Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, P.R. China
| | - Hongtian Zhang
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Yang
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Affiliated Bayi Brain Hospital, PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
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10
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Nelissen S, Van den Bulck J, Lemal M, Beullens K. Stem cell research: the role of information seeking and scanning. Health Info Libr J 2016; 33:269-282. [PMID: 27870319 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mass media have held an ongoing debate about stem cell research. However, few studies have investigated how individuals obtain information on stem cell research and whether this affects their knowledge and perspectives on stem cell research. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate whether (i) cancer-diagnosed and non-diagnosed individuals differ in terms of their acquisition of stem cell research information, (ii) whether this information acquisition is associated with stem cell research knowledge and perspectives and (iii) whether having had a cancer diagnosis moderates these associations. METHOD A standardised, cross-sectional survey was conducted among a convenience sample of 621 cancer-diagnosed and 1387 non-diagnosed individuals in Flanders (Belgium). RESULTS The results indicate that stem cell research information acquisition explains a significant part of the variance of stem cell research knowledge (8.9%) and of the societal benefits of stem cell research (6.7%) and of embryonic stem cell research evaluation (3.9%) and morality (2%). These associations did not differ between cancer-diagnosed and non-diagnosed individuals but cancer-diagnosed individuals did seek more stem cell research information. CONCLUSION Acquiring stem cell research information, both intentionally and unintentionally, is positively related to stem cell research knowledge and perspectives. Future research should further identify ways to promote health information acquisition behaviour because it is associated with better knowledge and more positive opinion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nelissen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Van den Bulck
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marijke Lemal
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kathleen Beullens
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Leuven School for Mass Communication Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen), Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Abstract
The derivation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells heralds a new era in stem cell research, generating excitement for their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine. Pioneering work of embryologists, developmental biologists, and reproductive medicine practitioners in in vitro fertilization clinics has facilitated hES cell research. This review summarizes current research focused on optimizing hES cell culture conditions for good manufacturing practice, directing hES cell differentiation toward trophectoderm and germ cells, and approaches used to reprogram cells for pluripotent cell derivation. The identification of germ stem cells in the testis and the recent controversy over their existence in the ovary raise the possibility of harnessing them for treating young cancer survivors. There is also the potential to harvest fetal stem cells with pluripotent cell-like properties from discarded placental tissues. The recent identification of adult stem/progenitor cell activity in the human endometrium offers a new understanding of common gynecological diseases. Discoveries resulting from research into embryonic, germ, fetal, and adult stem cells are highly relevant to human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Gargett
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, and Monash University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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12
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Qiu L, Lim YM, Chen AK, Reuveny S, Oh SKW, Tan EK, Zeng L. Microcarrier-Expanded Neural Progenitor Cells Can Survive, Differentiate, and Innervate Host Neurons Better When Transplanted as Aggregates. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:1343-57. [DOI: 10.3727/096368915x690378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are an excellent cell source for transplantation therapy due to their availability and ethical acceptability. However, the traditional method of expansion and differentiation of hESCs into NPCs in monolayer cultures requires a long time, and the cell yield is low. A microcarrier (MC) platform can improve the expansion of hESCs and increase the yield of NPCs. In this study, for the first time, we transplanted microcarrier-expanded hESC-derived NPCs into the striatum of adult NOD-SCID IL2Rgc null mice, either as single cells or as cell aggregates. The recipient mice were perfused, and the in vivo survival, differentiation, and targeted innervation of the transplanted cells were assessed by immunostaining. We found that both the transplanted single NPCs and aggregate NPCs were able to survive 1 month posttransplantation, as revealed by human-specific neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and human nuclear antigen staining. Compared to the single cells, the transplanted cell aggregates showed better survival over a 3-month period. In addition, both the transplanted single NPCs and the aggregate NPCs were able to differentiate into DCX-positive immature neurons and Tuj1-positive neurons in vivo by 1 month posttransplantation. However, only the transplantation of aggregate NPCs was shown to result in mature neurons at 3 months posttransplantation. Furthermore, we found that the cell aggregates were able to send long axons to innervate their targets. Our study provides preclinical evidence that the use of MCs to expand and differentiate hESC-derived NPCs and transplantation of these cells as aggregates produce longer survival in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Qiu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Yu Ming Lim
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Allen K. Chen
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Steve K. W. Oh
- Stem Cell Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A STAR), Singapore
| | - Eng King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, SGH Campus, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Gao Y, Lim J, Teoh SH, Xu C. Emerging translational research on magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:6306-29. [PMID: 26505058 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00322e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, which replaces or regenerates human cells, tissues or organs, to restore or establish normal function, is one of the fastest-evolving interdisciplinary fields in healthcare. Over 200 regenerative medicine products, including cell-based therapies, tissue-engineered biomaterials, scaffolds and implantable devices, have been used in clinical development for diseases such as diabetes and inflammatory and immune diseases. To facilitate the translation of regenerative medicine from research to clinic, nanotechnology, especially magnetic nanoparticles have attracted extensive attention due to their unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties and specific dimensions. In this review paper, we intend to summarize current advances, challenges, and future opportunities of magnetic nanoparticles for regenerative medicine.
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Huang C, Melerzanov A, Du Y. Engineering Embryonic Stem Cell Microenvironments for Tailored Cellular Differentiation. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4033193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rapid progress of embryonic stem cell (ESCs) research offers great promise for drug discovery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. However, a major limitation in translation of ESCs technology to pharmaceutical and clinical applications is how to induce their differentiation into tailored lineage commitment with satisfactory efficiency. Many studies indicate that this lineage commitment is precisely controlled by the ESC microenvironment in vivo. Engineering and biomaterial-based approaches to recreate a biomimetic cellular microenvironment provide valuable strategies for directing ESCs differentiation to specific lineages in vitro. In this review, we summarize and examine the recent advances in application of engineering and biomaterial-based approaches to control ESC differentiation. We focus on physical strategies (e.g., geometrical constraint, mechanical stimulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness, and topography) and biochemical approaches (e.g., genetic engineering, soluble bioactive factors, coculture, and synthetic small molecules), and highlight the three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel-based microenvironment for directed ESC differentiation. Finally, future perspectives in ESCs engineering are provided for the subsequent advancement of this promising research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Huang
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Medical Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Meitan General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China e-mail:
| | - Alexander Melerzanov
- Cellular and Molecular Technologies Laboratory, MIPT, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China e-mail:
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Abdel-Kawi SH, Hashem KS. Possible Therapeutic Effect of Stem Cell in Atherosclerosis in Albino Rats. A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study. Int J Stem Cells 2015; 8:200-8. [PMID: 26634068 PMCID: PMC4651284 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. there are no effective approaches to regressing atherosclerosis due to not fully understood mechanisms. Recently, stem cell-based therapies have held promises to various diseases, including vascular diseases. AIM The present study aimed at investigating the possible effect of cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy on atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty adult male albino rats were divided into control group (I), atherogenic group (II): subjected to high cholesterol fed diet (200~300 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks and 1.8 million units of vitamin D / kg of diet for 6 weeks. Stem cell therapy group (III): injected with stem cells in the tail vein following confirmation of atherosclerosis. Histological, Immunohistochemical and morphometric studies were performed were conducted. RESULTS Atherogenic group (II) showed increased aortic thickness, intimal proliferation, smooth muscle proliferation and migration. Increased area % of collagen fibers, iNOS and vimentin immunoreactions were recorded and proved morphometrically. All findings regressed on stem cell therapy. CONCLUSION A definite therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells was found on atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samraa H Abdel-Kawi
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Khalid S Hashem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
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Li Q, Tian SF, Guo Y, Niu X, Hu B, Guo SC, Wang NS, Wang Y. Transplantation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived renal stem cells improved acute kidney injury. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:45. [PMID: 26294957 PMCID: PMC4541730 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe disease with high morbidity and mortality. Methods that promote repair of the injured kidney have been extensively investigated. Cell-based therapy with mesenchymal stem cells or renal progenitor cells (RPCs) resident in the kidney has appeared to be an effective strategy for the treatment of AKI. Embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are also utilized for AKI recovery. However, the therapeutic effect of iPSC-derived RPCs for AKI has yet to be determined. METHODS In this study, we induced iPSCs differentiation into RPCs using a nephrogenic cocktail of factors combined with the renal epithelial cell growth medium. We then established the rat ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) model and transplanted the iPSC-derived RPCs into the injured rats in combination with the hydrogel. Next, we examined the renal function-related markers and renal histology to assess the therapeutic effect of the injected cells. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism by which iPSC-derived RPCs affect AKI caused by IR. RESULTS We showed that the differentiation efficiency of iPSCs to RPCs increased when cultured with renal epithelial cell growth medium after stimulation with a nephrogenic cocktail of factors. The transplantation of iPSC-derived RPCs decreased the levels of biomarkers indicative of renal injury and attenuated the necrosis and apoptosis of renal tissues, but resulted in the up-regulation of renal tubules formation, cell proliferation, and the expression of pro-renal factors. CONCLUSION Our results revealed that iPSC-derived RPCs can protect AKI rat from renal function impairment and severe tubular injury by up-regulating the renal tubules formation, promoting cell proliferation, reducing apoptosis, and regulating the microenvironment in the injured kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Shou-Fu Tian
- Department Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China.,Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006 China
| | - Ye Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272011 China
| | - Xin Niu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Shang-Chun Guo
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Nian-Song Wang
- Department Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233 China
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Castorina A, Szychlinska MA, Marzagalli R, Musumeci G. Mesenchymal stem cells-based therapy as a potential treatment in neurodegenerative disorders: is the escape from senescence an answer? Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:850-8. [PMID: 26199588 PMCID: PMC4498333 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor contributing to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. In the United States, over 35 million of elderly people suffer from age-related diseases. Aging impairs the self-repair ability of neuronal cells, which undergo progressive deterioration. Once initiated, this process hampers the already limited regenerative power of the central nervous system, making the search for new therapeutic strategies particularly difficult in elderly affected patients. So far, mesenchymal stem cells have proven to be a viable option to ameliorate certain aspects of neurodegeneration, as they possess high proliferative rate and differentiate in vitro into multiple lineages. However, accumulating data have demonstrated that during long-term culture, mesenchymal stem cells undergo spontaneous transformation. Transformed mesenchymal stem cells show typical features of senescence, including the progressive shortening of telomers, which results in cell loss and, as a consequence, hampered regenerative potential. These evidences, in line with those observed in mesenchymal stem cells isolated from old donors, suggest that senescence may represent a limit to mesenchymal stem cells exploitation in therapy, prompting scholars to either find alternative sources of pluripotent cells or to arrest the age-related transformation. In the present review, we summarize findings from recent literature, and critically discuss some of the major hurdles encountered in the search of appropriate sources of mesenchymal stem cells, as well as benefits arising from their use in neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we provide some insights that may aid in the development of strategies to arrest or, at least, delay the aging of mesenchymal stem cells to improve their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Castorina
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Rubina Marzagalli
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Science, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, Catania, Italy
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Lee Y, Lee JM, Bae PK, Chung IY, Chung BH, Chung BG. Photo-crosslinkable hydrogel-based 3D microfluidic culture device. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:994-1001. [PMID: 25641332 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We developed the photo-crosslinkable hydrogel-based 3D microfluidic device to culture neural stem cells (NSCs) and tumors. The photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) polymer was used as a physical barrier in the microfluidic device and collagen type I gel was employed to culture NSCs in a 3D manner. We demonstrated that the pore size was inversely proportional to concentrations of GelMA hydrogels, showing the pore sizes of 5 and 25 w/v% GelMA hydrogels were 34 and 4 μm, respectively. It also revealed that the morphology of pores in 5 w/v% GelMA hydrogels was elliptical shape, whereas we observed circular-shaped pores in 25 w/v% GelMA hydrogels. To culture NSCs and tumors in the 3D microfluidic device, we investigated the molecular diffusion properties across GelMA hydrogels, indicating that 25 w/v% GelMA hydrogels inhibited the molecular diffusion for 6 days in the 3D microfluidic device. In contrast, the chemicals were diffused in 5 w/v% GelMA hydrogels. Finally, we cultured NSCs and tumors in the hydrogel-based 3D microfluidic device, showing that 53-75% NSCs differentiated into neurons, while tumors were cultured in the collagen gels. Therefore, this photo-crosslinkable hydrogel-based 3D microfluidic culture device could be a potentially powerful tool for regenerative tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlee Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
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21
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Tung PY, Varlakhanova NV, Knoepfler PS. Identification of DPPA4 and DPPA2 as a novel family of pluripotency-related oncogenes. Stem Cells 2014; 31:2330-42. [PMID: 23963736 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify novel pluripotency-related oncogenes, an expression screen for oncogenic foci-inducing genes within a retroviral human embryonic stem cell cDNA library was conducted. From this screen, we identified not only known oncogenes but also intriguingly the key pluripotency factor, DPPA4 (developmental pluripotency-associated four) that encodes a DNA binding SAP domain-containing protein. DPPA4 has not been previously identified as an oncogene but is highly expressed in embryonal carcinomas, pluripotent germ cell tumors, and other cancers. DPPA4 is also mutated in some cancers. In direct transformation assays, we validated that DPPA4 is an oncogene in both mouse 3T3 cells and immortalized human dermal fibroblasts. Overexpression of DPPA4 generates oncogenic foci (sarcoma cells) and causes anchorage-independent growth. The in vitro transformed cells also give rise to tumors in immunodeficient mice. Furthermore, functional analyses indicate that both the DNA-binding SAP domain and the histone-binding C-terminal domain are critical for the oncogenic transformation activity of DPPA4. Downregulation of DPPA4 in E14 mouse embryonic stem cells and P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells causes decreased cell proliferation in each case. In addition, DPPA4 overexpression induces cell proliferation through genes related to regulation of G1/S transition. Interestingly, we observed similar findings for family member DPPA2. Thus, we have identified a new family of pluripotency-related oncogenes consisting of DPPA2 and DPPA4. Our findings have important implications for stem cell biology and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Tung
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA; University of California Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shriners Hospital For Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA; Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospital For Children Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
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Abstract
Despite advances in understanding pluripotency through traditional cell biology and gene expression profiling, the signaling networks responsible for maintenance of pluripotency and lineage-specific differentiation are poorly defined. To aid in an improved understanding of these networks at the systems level, we present procedures for the combined analysis of the total proteome and total phosphoproteome (termed (phospho)proteome) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and their differentiated derivatives. Because there has been considerable heterogeneity in the literature on the culture of pluripotent cells, we first briefly describe our feeder-free cell culture protocol. The focus, however, is on procedures necessary to generate large-scale (phospho)proteomic data from the cells. Human cells are described here, but the (phospho)proteomic procedures are broadly applicable. Detailed procedures are given for lysis of the cells, protein sample preparation and digestion, multidimensional liquid chromatography, analysis by tandem mass spectrometry, and database searches for peptide/protein identification (ID). We summarize additional data analysis procedures, the subject of ongoing efforts.
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23
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Dregalla RC, Lyons NF, Reischling PD, Centeno CJ. Amide-type local anesthetics and human mesenchymal stem cells: clinical implications for stem cell therapy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 3:365-74. [PMID: 24436443 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the realm of regenerative medicine, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are gaining attention as a cell source for the repair and regeneration of tissues spanning an array of medical disciplines. In orthopedics, hMSCs are often delivered in a site-specific manner at the area of interest and may require the concurrent application of local anesthetics (LAs). To address the implications of using hMSCs in combination with anesthetics for intra-articular applications, we investigated the effect that clinically relevant doses of amide-type LAs have on the viability of bone marrow-derived hMSCs and began to characterize the mechanism of LA-induced hMSC death. In our study, culture-expanded hMSCs from three donors were exposed to the amide-type LAs ropivacaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine. To replicate the physiological dilution of LAs once injected into the synovial capsule, each anesthetic was reduced to 12.5%, 25%, and 50% of the stock solution and incubated with each hMSC line for 40 minutes, 120 minutes, 360 minutes, and 24 hours. At each time point, cell viability assays were performed. We found that extended treatment with LAs for 24 hours had a significant impact on both hMSC viability and adhesion. In addition, hMSC treatment with three of the four anesthetics resulted in cell death via apoptosis following brief exposures. Ultimately, we concluded that amide-type LAs induce hMSC apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner that may threaten clinical outcomes, following a similar trend that has been established between these particular anesthetics and articular chondrocytes both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Dregalla
- Regenerative Sciences, LLC, Broomfield, Colorado, USA; Centeno-Schultz Clinic, Broomfield, Colorado, USA
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Narayanan K, Lim VY, Shen J, Tan ZW, Rajendran D, Luo SC, Gao S, Wan ACA, Ying JY. Extracellular matrix-mediated differentiation of human embryonic stem cells: differentiation to insulin-secreting beta cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 20:424-33. [PMID: 24020641 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2013.0257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have tremendous potential for treating various human diseases. Protocols have been established to differentiate stem cells into specific lineages through the provision of signals in the form of growth factors, cytokines, or small molecules. Herein we investigate an alternative strategy for directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)--extracellular-matrix (ECM) mediated differentiation. Decellularized ECM and conditioned media from the appropriate committed cell lines are used to differentiate stem cells to the required phenotype. Applying this strategy to differentiate hESCs to pancreatic beta cells, we have obtained functional cells that secreted insulin in a glucose-responsive manner, and were able to recover normoglycemia in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mouse model. ECM-mediated differentiation was also demonstrated to be effective for the differentiation of hESCs into kidney tubule cells and cardiomyocytes. Gene expression studies suggested the involvement of integrins and catenins in the beta cell differentiation process; in particular, α1, αv, and β1 integrins, and β-catenin showed the highest upregulation. To further elucidate the biochemical and mechanical cues that have led to effective hESC differentiation to beta cells, we have employed an artificial system that allowed for variation of matrix stiffness and combination of individual ECM proteins at various ratios. The differentiation response of hESCs to the native ECM could be approximated by optimizing this system.
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Nan Z, Shekels L, Ryabinin O, Evavold C, Nelson MS, Khan SA, Deans RJ, Mays RW, Low WC, Gupta P. Intracerebroventricular transplantation of human bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitor cells in an immunodeficient mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I). Cell Transplant 2013; 21:1577-93. [PMID: 22472595 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x636894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I; Hurler syndrome) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by lack of the functional lysosomal glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-degrading enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Without treatment, the resulting GAG accumulation causes multisystem dysfunction and death within the first decade. Current treatments include allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy. HSCT ameliorates clinical features and extends life but is not available to all patients, and inadequately corrects the most devastating features of the disease including mental retardation and skeletal deformities. Recent developments suggest that stem cells can be used to deliver needed enzymes to the central nervous system. To test this concept, we transplanted bone marrow-derived normal adult human MultiStem® cells into the cerebral lateral ventricles of immunodeficient MPS-I neonatal mice. Transplanted cells and human-specific DNA were detected in the hippocampal formation, striatum, and other areas of the central nervous system. Brain tissue assays revealed significant long-term decrease in GAG levels in the hippocampus and striatum. Sensorimotor testing 6 months after transplantation demonstrated significantly improved rotarod performance of transplanted mice in comparison to nontransplanted and sham-transplanted control animals. These results suggest that a single injection of MultiStem cells into the cerebral ventricles of neonatal MPS-I mice induces sustained reduction in GAG accumulation within the brain, and modest long-term improvement in sensorimotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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28
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Abstract
This theme issue provides a timely overview on the current status of stem cell tracking with the nanoparticle-based contrast agents.
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Evidence for crossing the blood barrier of adult rat brain by human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells during a 6-month period of post-transplantation. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:951-60. [PMID: 23732047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Therapeutic promises of adult stem cells have been overshadowed by an elicited immune response, low maintenance of implanted cells or concerns regarding their migration to non-target sites. These problems might be lessened by the use of immune privilege cells and tissues for implantation. METHODS In this study, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hADMSCs) were stably transfected with a vector containing Turbo green fluorescent protein (GFP) and JRed, which allows tracing the cells after transplantation. Labeled hADMSCs were transplanted into the adult rat brain followed by assessment of their survival and migration during 6 months after transplantation. RESULTS Results indicate that there were no postsurgical complications, and the animals thrived after transplantation. The lesions of the surgical process were remarkable at the first weeks, and a high number of transplanted cells were accumulated around them. Cell populations declined over time as they partly migrated away from the injection sites; nonetheless, they were detectable at each examination time point. Although the cells could survive and remain at the injection site for up to 6 months, some of them drifted to spleen, which is an indication of their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high survival rate of hADMSCs in the xenogenic condition, which is an ideal criterion in cell therapy, irregular migration tendency must be handled with caution.
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Abstract
Human sirtuin1 (SIRT1), the closest homolog of the yeast sir2 protein, functions as an NAD+-dependent histone and non-histone protein deacetylase in several cellular processes, like energy metabolism, stress responses, aging, etc. In our recent study, we have shown that lamin A (a major nuclear matrix protein) directly binds with and activates SIRT1. Resveratrol, a natural phenol, has long been known as an activator of SIRT1. However, resveratrol's direct activation of SIRT1 has been refuted several times. In our study, we have provided a mechanistic explanation to this question, and have shown that resveratrol activates SIRT1 by increasing its binding with lamin A, thus aiding in the nuclear matrix (NM) localization of SIRT1. We have also shown that rescue of adult stem cell (ASC) decline in laminopathy-based premature aging mice by resveratrol is SIRT1-dependent. Further, resveratrol's ameliorating effects on progeria and its capacity to extend lifespan in progeria mice has been established. Here we have summarized these findings and their probable implications on other aspects, like chromatin remodeling, stem cell therapy, DNA damage responses, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrestha Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Abstract
The nervous system is characterized by its complex network of highly specialized cells that enable us to perceive stimuli from the outside world and react accordingly. The computational integration enabled by these networks remains to be elucidated, but appropriate sensory input, processing, and motor control are certainly essential for survival. Consequently, loss of nervous tissue due to injury or disease represents a considerable biomedical challenge. Stem cell research offers the promise to provide cells for nervous system repair to replace lost and damaged neural tissue and alleviate disease. We provide a protocol-based chapter on fundamental principles and procedures of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation and neural transplantation. Rather than detailed methodological step-by-step descriptions of these procedures, we provide an overview and highlight the most critical aspects and key steps of PSC neural induction, subtype specification in different in vitro systems, as well as neural cell transplantation to the central nervous system. We conclude with a summary of suitable readout methods including in vitro phenotypic analysis, histology, and functional analysis in vivo.
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Nikkhah G. Restorative strategies for the dopaminergic nigrostriatal projection pathway. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2013; 117:79-85. [PMID: 23652661 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1482-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
New insights into the mechanism of dopaminergic (DA) nigrostriatal neuron degeneration and regeneration in experimental studies in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have opened up the discussion about novel therapeutic strategies such as cell-based therapies and neuroprotection of DA neurons. These cellular and molecular approaches aim at preventing or slowing down the progressive degeneration of DA neurons and/or replacing the lost ones. Here, a brief overview of basic principles and current strategies of these novel restorative approaches is discussed in light of experimental results and possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Nikkhah
- Division of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Department of General Neurosurgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Straße 64, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany,
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Baklaushev VP, Grinenko NF, Savchenko EA, Bykovskaya SN, Yusubalieva GM, Viktorov IV, Bryukhovetskii AS, Bryukhovetskii IS, Chekhonin VP. Neural progenitor and hemopoietic stem cells inhibit the growth of low-differentiated glioma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 152:497-503. [PMID: 22803120 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-012-1562-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of neural progenitor and hemopoietic stem cells on C6 glioma cells were studied in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Considerable inhibition of proliferation during co-culturing of glioma cells with neural progenitor cells was revealed by quantitative MTT test and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation test. Labeled neural progenitor and hemopoietic stem cells implanted into the focus of experimental cerebral glioma C6 survive in the brain of experimental animals for at least 7 days, migrate with glioma cells, and accumulate in the peritumoral space. Under these conditions, neural progenitor cells differentiate with the formation of long processes. Morphometric analysis of glioma cells showed that implantation of neural progenitor and hemopoietic stem cells is accompanied by considerable inhibition of the growth of experimental glioma C6 in comparison with the control. The mechanisms of tumor-suppressive effects of neural and hemopoietic stem cells require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Baklaushev
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbskii State Research Center of Forensic and Social Psychiatry, Mitistry of Health Care and Social Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
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Kaivosoja E, Barreto G, Levón K, Virtanen S, Ainola M, Konttinen YT. Chemical and physical properties of regenerative medicine materials controlling stem cell fate. Ann Med 2012; 44:635-50. [PMID: 21568670 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2011.573805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a multidisciplinary field utilizing the potential of stem cells and the regenerative capability of the body to restore, maintain, or enhance tissue and organ functions. Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can self-renew but also differentiate into several somatic cells when subjected the appropriate environmental cues. The ability to reliably direct stem cell fate would provide tremendous potential for basic research and clinical therapies. Proper tissue function and regeneration rely on the spatial and temporal control of biophysical and biochemical cues, including soluble molecules, cell-cell contacts, cell-extracellular matrix contacts, and physical forces. The mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. This review focuses on the stem cell-extracellular matrix interactions by summarizing the observations of the effects of material variables (such as overall architecture, surface topography, charge, ζ-potential, surface energy, and elastic modulus) on the stem cell fate. It also deals with the mechanisms underlying the effects of these extrinsic, material variables. Insight in the environmental interactions of the stem cells is crucial for the development of new material-based approaches for cell culture experiments and future experimental and clinical regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kaivosoja
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Brohlin M, Kingham PJ, Novikova LN, Novikov LN, Wiberg M. Aging effect on neurotrophic activity of human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45052. [PMID: 23028757 PMCID: PMC3444498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical efficacy of stem cells for nerve repair is likely to be influenced by issues including donor age and in vitro expansion time. We isolated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow of young (16–18 years) and old (67–75 years) donors and analyzed their capacity to differentiate and promote neurite outgrowth from dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Treatment of MSC with growth factors (forskolin, basic fibroblast growth factor, platelet derived growth factor-AA and glial growth factor-2) induced protein expression of the glial cell marker S100 in cultures from young but not old donors. MSC expressed various neurotrophic factor mRNA transcripts. Growth factor treatment enhanced the levels of BDNF and VEGF transcripts with corresponding increases in protein release in both donor cell groups. MSC in co-culture with DRG neurons significantly enhanced total neurite length which, in the case of young but not old donors, was further potentiated by treatment of the MSC with the growth factors. Stem cells from young donors maintained their proliferation rate over a time course of 9 weeks whereas those from the old donors showed increased population doubling times. MSC from young donors, differentiated with growth factors after long-term culture, maintained their ability to enhance neurite outgrowth of DRG. Therefore, MSC isolated from young donors are likely to be a favourable cell source for nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Brohlin
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J. Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Liudmila N. Novikova
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lev N. Novikov
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mikael Wiberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Section of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Yaniz-Galende E, Chen J, Chemaly E, Liang L, Hulot JS, McCollum L, Arias T, Fuster V, Zsebo KM, Hajjar RJ. Stem cell factor gene transfer promotes cardiac repair after myocardial infarction via in situ recruitment and expansion of c-kit+ cells. Circ Res 2012; 111:1434-45. [PMID: 22931954 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.263830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is growing evidence that the myocardium responds to injury by recruiting c-kit(+) cardiac progenitor cells to the damage tissue. Even though the ability of exogenously introducing c-kit(+) cells to injured myocardium has been established, the capability of recruiting these cells through modulation of local signaling pathways by gene transfer has not been tested. OBJECTIVE To determine whether stem cell factor gene transfer mediates cardiac regeneration in a rat myocardial infarction model, through survival and recruitment of c-kit(+) progenitors and cell-cycle activation in cardiomyocytes, and explore the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Infarct size, cardiac function, cardiac progenitor cells recruitment, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activation were measured at different time points in controls (n=10) and upon stem cell factor gene transfer (n=13) after myocardial infarction. We found a regenerative response because of stem cell factor overexpression characterized by an enhancement in cardiac hemodynamic function: an improvement in survival; a reduction in fibrosis, infarct size and apoptosis; an increase in cardiac c-kit(+) progenitor cells recruitment to the injured area; an increase in cardiomyocyte cell-cycle activation; and Wnt/β-catenin pathway induction. CONCLUSIONS Stem cell factor gene transfer induces c-kit(+) stem/progenitor cell expansion in situ and cardiomyocyte proliferation, which may represent a new therapeutic strategy to reverse adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Yaniz-Galende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Rong Z, Fu X, Wang M, Xu Y. A scalable approach to prevent teratoma formation of human embryonic stem cells. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:32338-45. [PMID: 22865887 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.383810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As the renewable source of all cell types in the body, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promise for human cell therapy. However, one major bottleneck that hinders the clinic application of hESCs is that hESCs remaining with their differentiated derivatives pose cancer risk by forming teratomas after transplantation. NANOG is a critical pluripotency factor specifically expressed in hESCs but rarely in their differentiated derivatives. By introducing a hyperactive variant of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene into the 3'-untranslated region of the endogenous NANOG gene of hESCs through homologous recombination, we developed a safe and highly scalable approach to efficiently eliminate the teratoma risk associated with hESCs without apparent negative impact on their differentiated cell types. As thymidine kinase is widely used in human gene therapy trials and is the therapeutic target of U. S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, our strategy could be effectively applied to the clinic development of hESC-based human cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhili Rong
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0322, USA
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Jin Y, Sura K, Fischer I. Differential effects of distinct central nervous system regions on cell migration and axonal extension of neural precursor transplants. J Neurosci Res 2012; 90:2065-73. [PMID: 22740505 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy in CNS injury. However, the adult CNS lacks instructive signals present during development and, depending on the region and type of transplant, may be inhibitory for neuron generation and axonal growth. We examined the effects of the white matter in different regions of the adult CNS on the properties of NPC transplants with respect to cell survival, differentiation, migration, and axonal growth. NPCs were prepared from day 13.5 embryonic spinal cord of transgenic rats that express the human placental alkaline phosphatase (AP) reporter. These NPCs were injected unilaterally into the cervical spinal cord white matter and into the corpus callosum of adult rats and were analyzed immunohistochemically 2 weeks later. NPCs survived in both regions and differentiated into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, with no apparent differences in survival or phenotypic composition. However, in the spinal cord white matter, graft-derived cells, identified as precursors and glial cells, migrated from the injection site rostrally and caudally, whereas, in the corpus callosum, graft-derived cells did not migrate and remained at the injection site. Importantly, graft-derived neurons extended axons from the grafting site along the corpus callosum past the midline, entering into the contralateral side of the corpus callosum. These results demonstrate dramatic differences between white matter regions in the spinal cord and brain with respect to cell migration and axonal growth and underscore the importance of considering the effects of the local CNS environment in the design of effective transplantation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jin
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19129, USA.
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Ho PJ, Yen ML, Yet SF, Yen BL. Current Applications of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Possibilities and Challenges. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:801-14. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x627507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are self-renewable cells with the differentiation capacity to develop into somatic cells with biological functions. This ability to sustain a renewable source of multi- and/or pluripotential differentiation has brought new hope to the field of regenerative medicine in terms of cell therapy and tissue engineering. Moreover, stem cells are invaluable tools as in vitro models for studying diverse fields, from basic scientific questions such as developmental processes and lineage commitment, to practical application including drug screening and testing. The stem cells with widest differentiation potential are pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which are rare cells with the ability to generate somatic cells from all three germ layers. PSCs are considered the most optimal choice for therapeutic potential of stem cells, bringing new impetus to the field of regenerative medicine. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of human PSCs (hPSCs) including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), reviewing the current preclinical and clinical data using these stem cells. We describe the classification of different sources of hPSCs, ongoing research, and currently encountered clinical obstacles of these novel and versatile human stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Jiun Ho
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Departmant of Primary Medicine and Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - B. Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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Orabi H, Lin G, Ferretti L, Lin CS, Lue TF. Scaffoldless tissue engineering of stem cell derived cavernous tissue for treatment of erectile function. J Sex Med 2012; 9:1522-34. [PMID: 22513032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02727.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As one-third of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients do not respond to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors, there is great demand for new therapeutic options. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) represent an ideal source for new ED treatment. AIM To test if ADSCs can be differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), if these differentiated cells can be used to engineer cavernous tissue, and if this engineered tissue will remain for long time after implantation and integrate into corporal tissue. METHOD Rat ADSCs were isolated and differentiated into SMC and ECs. The differentiated cells were labeled with 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) and used to construct cavernous tissue. This engineered tissue was implanted in penises of normal rats. The rats were sacrificed after 1 and 2 months; penis and bone marrow were collected to assess cell survival and inclusion in the penile tissues. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The phenotype conversion was checked using morphology, immunocytochemistry (immunohistochemistry [IHC]), and Western blot for SMC and EC markers. The cavernous tissue formation was assessed using rat EC antibody (RECA), calponin, and collagen. The implanted cell survival and incorporation into penis were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and IHC (RECA, calponin, and EdU). RESULTS The phenotype conversion was confirmed with positive staining for SMC and EC markers and Western blot. The formed tissue exhibited architecture comparable to penile cavernous tissue with SMC and ECs and extracellular matrix formation. The implanted cells survived in significant numbers in the penis after 1 and 2 months. They showed proof of SMC and EC differentiation and incorporation into penile tissue. CONCLUSIONS The results showed the ability of ADSCs to differentiate into SMC and ECs and form cavernous tissue. The implanted tissue can survive and integrate into the penile tissues. The cavernous tissue made of ADSCs forms new technology for improvement of in vivo stem cell survival and ED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Orabi
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Vlajković S, Cukuranović R, Bjelaković MD, Stefanović V. Possible therapeutic use of spermatogonial stem cells in the treatment of male infertility: a brief overview. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:374151. [PMID: 22536138 PMCID: PMC3317611 DOI: 10.1100/2012/374151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of germ cells is a process starting in fetus and completed only in puberty. Spermatogonial stem cells maintain spermatogenesis throughout the reproductive life of mammals. They are undifferentiated cells defined by their ability to both self-renew and differentiate into mature spermatozoa. This self-renewal and differentiation in turn is tightly regulated by a combination of intrinsic gene expression as well as the extrinsic gene signals from the local tissue microenvironment. The human testis is prone to damage, either for therapeutic reasons or because of toxic agents from the environment. For preservation of fertility, patients who will undergo radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy have an attractive possibility to keep in store and afterwards make a transfer of spermatogonial stem cells. Germ cell transplantation is not yet ready for the human fertility clinic, but it may be reasonable for young cancer patients, with no other options to preserve their fertility. Whereas this technique has become an important research tool in rodents, a clinical application must still be regarded as experimental, and many aspects of the procedure need to be optimized prior to a clinical application in men. In future, a range of options for the preservation of male fertility will get a new significance.
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43
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Novikova LN, Brohlin M, Kingham PJ, Novikov LN, Wiberg M. Neuroprotective and growth-promoting effects of bone marrow stromal cells after cervical spinal cord injury in adult rats. Cytotherapy 2011; 13:873-87. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.574116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Zhang H, Dai S, Bi J, Liu KK. Biomimetic three-dimensional microenvironment for controlling stem cell fate. Interface Focus 2011; 1:792-803. [PMID: 23050083 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2011.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is an emerging technique which is being translated into treatment of degenerated tissues. However, the success of translation relies on the stem cell lineage commitment in the degenerated regions of interest. This commitment is precisely controlled by the stem cell microenvironment. Engineering a biomimetic three-dimensional microenvironment enables a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of governing stem cell fate. We review the individual microenvironment components, including soluble factors, extracellular matrix, cell-cell interaction and mechanical stimulation. The perspectives in creating the biomimetic microenvironments are discussed with emerging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide, South Australia 5005 , Australia
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45
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Geißler M, Dinse HR, Neuhoff S, Kreikemeier K, Meier C. Human umbilical cord blood cells restore brain damage induced changes in rat somatosensory cortex. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20194. [PMID: 21673795 PMCID: PMC3105979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) cells has been shown to reduce sensorimotor deficits after hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats. However, the neuronal correlate of the functional recovery and how such a treatment enforces plastic remodelling at the level of neural processing remains elusive. Here we show by in-vivo recordings that hUCB cells have the capability of ameliorating the injury-related impairment of neural processing in primary somatosensory cortex. Intact cortical processing depends on a delicate balance of inhibitory and excitatory transmission, which is disturbed after injury. We found that the dimensions of cortical maps and receptive fields, which are significantly altered after injury, were largely restored. Additionally, the lesion induced hyperexcitability was no longer observed in hUCB treated animals as indicated by a paired-pulse behaviour resembling that observed in control animals. The beneficial effects on cortical processing were reflected in an almost complete recovery of sensorimotor behaviour. Our results demonstrate that hUCB cells reinstall the way central neurons process information by normalizing inhibitory and excitatory processes. We propose that the intermediate level of cortical processing will become relevant as a new stage to investigate efficacy and mechanisms of cell therapy in the treatment of brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Geißler
- Institut fur Neuroinformatik, Neural Plasticity Lab, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hubert R. Dinse
- Institut fur Neuroinformatik, Neural Plasticity Lab, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra Neuhoff
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Klaus Kreikemeier
- Institut fur Neuroinformatik, Neural Plasticity Lab, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
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Simpson HD, Giacomantonio CE, Goodhill GJ. Computational modeling of neuronal map development: insights into disease. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.11.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the formation of neuronal maps in the brain has greatly increased our understanding of how the brain develops and, in some cases, regenerates. Computational modeling of neuronal map development has been invaluable in integrating complex biological phenomena and synthesizing them into quantitative and predictive frameworks. These models allow us to investigate how neuronal map development is perturbed under conditions of altered development, disease and regeneration. In this article, we use examples of activity-dependent and activity-independent models of retinotopic map formation to illustrate how they can aid our understanding of developmental and acquired disease processes. We note that fully extending these models to specific clinically relevant problems is a largely unexplored domain and suggest future work in this direction. We argue that this type of modeling will be necessary in furthering our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurological diseases and in developing treatments for them. Furthermore, we discuss how the nature of computational and theoretical approaches uniquely places them to bridge the gap between the bench and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh D Simpson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Clare E Giacomantonio
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J Goodhill
- School of Mathematics & Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Jäderstad LM, Jäderstad J, Herlenius E. Graft and host interactions following transplantation of neural stem cells to organotypic striatal cultures. Regen Med 2011; 5:901-17. [PMID: 21082890 DOI: 10.2217/rme.10.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate neural stem cell (NSC) interactions with striatal tissue following engraftment and the effects of growth factors. MATERIALS & METHODS Organotypic striatal slice cultures established from neonatal rats were used as an ex vivo model system. Survival, integration and differentiation of grafted NSCs from the previously generated C17.2 clone and host tissue response were investigated weekly for 28 days in vitro. To direct grafted cells towards a neuronal lineage, the role of growth factor supplementation and serum-free culturing conditions was studied using neural stem cells overexpressing neurotrophin-3 and Neurobasal/B27 culture medium. RESULTS Following engraftment, NSCs gradually integrated morphologically and formed a part of the host 3D cytoarchitecture. Compared with nongrafted cultures, NSC engraftment increased the overall survival of the organotypic cultures by 39%, and reduced the host cell necrosis by more than 80% (from 2.1 ± 0.5% to 0.3 ± 0.1%), the host cell apoptosis by more than 60% (from 1.4 ± 0.4% to 0.5 ± 0.1%) and the reactions to mechanical trauma by 30% (estimated by nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunohistochemistry) 7 days after engraftment. Elevated neurotrophin-3 production in NSCs and serum-free culturing conditions directed grafted NSCs towards a neuronal lineage as indicated by increased Tuj1 and Map2ab expression. However, this did not alter the survival of organotypic cultures. CONCLUSIONS NSC engraftment was associated with rescue of imperiled host cells and reduction of host cell gliosis. These NSC effects were not related to the addition of growth factors, suggesting that other factors are involved in the supportive effects of the host following NSC engraftment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Maria Jäderstad
- Neonatal Research Unit, Department of Women's & Children's Health, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Hong H, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Cai W. Non-invasive imaging of human embryonic stem cells. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2011; 11:685-92. [PMID: 20497109 DOI: 10.2174/138920110792246500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold tremendous therapeutic potential in a variety of diseases. Over the last decade, non-invasive imaging techniques have proven to be of great value in tracking transplanted hESCs. This review article will briefly summarize the various techniques used for non-invasive imaging of hESCs, which include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), fluorescence, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and multimodality approaches. Although the focus of this review article is primarily on hESCs, the labeling/tracking strategies described here can be readily applied to other (stem) cell types as well. Non-invasive imaging can provide convenient means to monitor hESC survival, proliferation, function, as well as overgrowth (such as teratoma formation), which could not be readily investigated previously. The requirement for hESC tracking techniques depends on the clinical scenario and each imaging technique will have its own niche in preclinical/clinical research. Continued evolvement of non-invasive imaging techniques will undoubtedly contribute to significant advances in understanding stem cell biology and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2275, USA
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Raof NA, Schiele NR, Xie Y, Chrisey DB, Corr DT. The maintenance of pluripotency following laser direct-write of mouse embryonic stem cells. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1802-8. [PMID: 21168910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely pattern embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro into predefined arrays/geometries may allow for the recreation of a stem cell niche for better understanding of how cellular microenvironmental factors govern stem cell maintenance and differentiation. In this study, a new gelatin-based laser direct-write (LDW) technique was utilized to deposit mouse ES cells into defined arrays of spots, while maintaining stem cell pluripotency. Results obtained from these studies showed that ES cells were successfully printed into specific patterns and remained viable. Furthermore, ES cells retained the expression of Oct4 in nuclei after LDW, indicating that the laser energy did not affect their maintenance of an undifferentiated state. The differentiation potential of mouse ES cells after LDW was confirmed by their ability to form embryoid bodies (EBs) and to spontaneously become cell lineages representing all three germ layers, revealed by the expression of marker proteins of nestin (ectoderm), Myf-5 (mesoderm) and PDX-1 (endoderm), after 7 days of cultivation. Gelatin-based LDW provides a new avenue for stem cell patterning, with precision and control of the cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurazhani Abdul Raof
- The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, 257 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203, USA
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50
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Marynka-Kalmani K, Treves S, Yafee M, Rachima H, Gafni Y, Cohen MA, Pitaru S. The lamina propria of adult human oral mucosa harbors a novel stem cell population. Stem Cells 2010; 28:984-95. [PMID: 20474080 DOI: 10.1002/stem.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The highly regenerative capacity of the human adult oral mucosa suggests the existence of a robust stem cell (SC) population in its lamina propria (OMLP). The purpose of this study was to characterize the availability, growth, immunophenotype, and potency of this presumable SC population. Cells positive for the embryonic stem cell transcription factors Oct4 and Sox2 and for p75 formed distinct cord-like structure in the OMLP. Regardless of donor age, trillions of cells, termed human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC), 95% of which express mesenchymal stromal cell markers, were simply, and reproducibly produced from a biopsy of 3-4 x 2 x 1 mm(3). A total of 40-60% of these cells was positive for Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog and 60-80% expressed constitutively neural and neural crest SC markers. hOMSC differentiated in culture into mesodermal (osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and adipocytic), definitive endoderm and ectodermal (neuronal) lineages. Unexpectedly, hOMSC treated with dexamethasone formed tumors consisting of two germ layer-derived tissues when transplanted in severe combined immune deficiency mice. The tumors consisted of tissues produced by neural crest cells during embryogenesis-cartilage, bone, fat, striated muscle, and neural tissue. These results show that the adult OMLP harbors a primitive SC population with a distinct primitive neural-crest like phenotype and identifies the in vivo localization of putative ancestors for this population. This is the first report on ectodermal- and mesodermal-derived mixed tumors formation by a SC population derived from a nonmalignant somatic adult human tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Marynka-Kalmani
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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