1
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Zhang J. Quantum state engineering in a five-state chainwise system by generalized coincident pulse technique. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:074107. [PMID: 39145546 DOI: 10.1063/5.0223526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, an exact analytical solution is presented for achieving coherent population transfer and creating arbitrary coherent superposition states in a five-state chainwise system by a train of coincident pulses. We show that the solution of a five-state chainwise system can be reduced to an equivalent three-state Λ-type one with the simplest resonant coupling under the assumption of adiabatic elimination together with a requirement of the relation among the four coincident pulses. In this method, the four coincident pulses at each step all have the same time dependence, but with specific magnitudes. The results show that, by using a train of appropriately coincident pulses, this technique not only enables complete population transfer, but also creates any desired coherent superposition between the initial and final states, while the population in all intermediate states is effectively suppressed. Furthermore, this technique can also exhibit a one-way population transfer behavior. The results are of potential interest in applications where high-fidelity multi-state quantum control is essential, e.g., quantum information, atom optics, formation of ultracold molecules, cavity QED, nuclear coherent population transfer, and light transfer in waveguide arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- School of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Jansen C, Juurlink LBF, van Lent R, Chadwick H. A state-selected continuous wave laser excitation method for determining CO2's rotational state distribution in a supersonic molecular beam. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:055111. [PMID: 38758769 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
State-resolved experiments can provide fundamental insight into the mechanisms behind chemical reactions. Here, we describe our methods for characterizing state-resolved experiments probing the outcome of the collision between CO2 molecules and surfaces. We create a molecular beam from a supersonic expansion that passes through an ultra-high vacuum system. The CO2 is vibrationally excited by a continuous wave infrared (IR) laser using rapid adiabatic passage. We attenuate the fractional excitation using a CO2 absorption cell in the IR beam path. We combine Monte Carlo simulations and molecular beam energy measurements to find the initial rotational state distribution of the molecular beam. We find that our pure CO2 beam from a 300 K source has a rotational temperature of ∼26 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Jansen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ludo B F Juurlink
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard van Lent
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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3
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Wang T, Yang T, Xiao C, Yang X. Vibration to Vibration: Product Energy Distribution of F + HD Crossed Molecular Beam Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:3180-3185. [PMID: 38626324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the F + HD(v = 1, j = 0) → HF + D reaction using the crossed molecular beam technique combined with the D atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight spectroscopy. By detecting the products at various scattering angles for different collision energies in the range of 0.8-1.2 kcal/mol, we observed the forward-scattering products of HF(v' = 4) and determined the threshold energy for the opening of this reaction channel. Similar experiments were conducted for the F + HD(v = 0, j = 0) → HF + D reaction within the range of 1.1-1.6 kcal/mol, where forward-scattering products of HF(v' = 3) were observed, and the threshold energy for this reaction channel was determined as well. Furthermore, we measured the differential cross-sections for the F + HD → HF + D reaction in both the vibrational ground state and the excited state of HD and analyzed the vibrational quantum-state distribution of the HF products. It was found that the population of vibrational quantum states of the HF products increases synchronously with the excitation of the reactant HD vibrationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tiangang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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4
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Siegel JL, McGrew WF, Hassan YS, Chen CC, Beloy K, Grogan T, Zhang X, Ludlow AD. Excited-Band Coherent Delocalization for Improved Optical Lattice Clock Performance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133201. [PMID: 38613284 PMCID: PMC11309023 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We implement coherent delocalization as a tool for improving the two primary metrics of atomic clock performance: systematic uncertainty and instability. By decreasing atomic density with coherent delocalization, we suppress cold-collision shifts and two-body losses. Atom loss attributed to Landau-Zener tunneling in the ground lattice band would compromise coherent delocalization at low trap depths for our ^{171}Yb atoms; hence, we implement for the first time delocalization in excited lattice bands. Doing so increases the spatial distribution of atoms trapped in the vertically oriented optical lattice by ∼7 times. At the same time, we observe a reduction of the cold-collision shift by 6.5(8) times, while also making inelastic two-body loss negligible. With these advantages, we measure the trap-light-induced quenching rate and natural lifetime of the ^{3}P_{0} excited state as 5.7(7)×10^{-4} E_{r}^{-1} s^{-1} and 19(2) s, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Siegel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - W. F. McGrew
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Y. S. Hassan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - C.-C. Chen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K. Beloy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - T. Grogan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - X. Zhang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - A. D. Ludlow
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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5
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Perrett S, Chatrchyan V, Buckup T, van Thor JJ. Application of density matrix Wigner transforms for ultrafast macromolecular and chemical x-ray crystallography. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:100901. [PMID: 38456527 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-Resolved Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (TR-SFX) conducted at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (XFELs) has become a powerful tool for capturing macromolecular structural movies of light-initiated processes. As the capabilities of XFELs advance, we anticipate that a new range of coherent control and structural Raman measurements will become achievable. Shorter optical and x-ray pulse durations and increasingly more exotic pulse regimes are becoming available at free electron lasers. Moreover, with high repetition enabled by the superconducting technology of European XFEL (EuXFEL) and Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS-II) , it will be possible to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the light-induced differences, allowing for the observation of vibronic motion on the sub-Angstrom level. To predict and assign this coherent motion, which is measurable with a structural technique, new theoretical approaches must be developed. In this paper, we present a theoretical density matrix approach to model the various population and coherent dynamics of a system, which considers molecular system parameters and excitation conditions. We emphasize the use of the Wigner transform of the time-dependent density matrix, which provides a phase space representation that can be directly compared to the experimental positional displacements measured in a TR-SFX experiment. Here, we extend the results from simple models to include more realistic schemes that include large relaxation terms. We explore a variety of pulse schemes using multiple model systems using realistic parameters. An open-source software package is provided to perform the density matrix simulation and Wigner transformations. The open-source software allows us to define any arbitrary level schemes as well as any arbitrary electric field in the interaction Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Perrett
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Viktoria Chatrchyan
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tiago Buckup
- Physikalisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasper J van Thor
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Ramachandran A, Wilbur GR, Mathew R, Mason A, O'Neal S, Deppe DG, Hall KC. Robust parallel laser driving of quantum dots for multiplexing of quantum light sources. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5356. [PMID: 38438449 PMCID: PMC10912409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Deterministic sources of quantum light (i.e. single photons or pairs of entangled photons) are required for a whole host of applications in quantum technology, including quantum imaging, quantum cryptography and the long-distance transfer of quantum information in future quantum networks. Semiconductor quantum dots are ideal candidates for solid-state quantum emitters as these artificial atoms have large dipole moments and a quantum confined energy level structure, enabling the realization of single photon sources with high repetition rates and high single photon purity. Quantum dots may also be triggered using a laser pulse for on-demand operation. The naturally-occurring size variations in ensembles of quantum dots offers the potential to increase the bandwidth of quantum communication systems through wavelength-division multiplexing, but conventional laser triggering schemes based on Rabi rotations are ineffective when applied to inequivalent emitters. Here we report the demonstration of the simultaneous triggering of >10 quantum dots using adiabatic rapid passage. We show that high-fidelity quantum state inversion is possible in a system of quantum dots with a 15 meV range of optical transition energies using a single broadband, chirped laser pulse, laying the foundation for high-bandwidth, multiplexed quantum networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajan Ramachandran
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Grant R Wilbur
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Reuble Mathew
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Allister Mason
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Sabine O'Neal
- The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2700, USA
- IMEC, Kissimmee, FL, 34744, USA
| | - Dennis G Deppe
- The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816-2700, USA
- SdPhotonics, Richardson, TX, 75081, USA
| | - Kimberley C Hall
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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7
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Sola IR, Malinovsky VS, Ahn J, Shin S, Chang BY. Two-qubit atomic gates: spatio-temporal control of Rydberg interaction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4325-4333. [PMID: 36752322 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the temporal and spatial features of light, we propose a novel protocol to prepare two-qubit entangling gates on atoms trapped at close distance, which could potentially speed up the operation of the gate from the sub-micro to the nanosecond scale. The protocol is robust to variations in the pulse areas and the position of the atoms, by virtue of the coherent properties of a dark state, which is used to drive the population through Rydberg states. From the time-domain perspective, the protocol generalizes the one proposed by Jaksch and coworkers [Jaksch et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2000, 85, 2208], with three pulses that operate symmetrically in time, but with different pulse areas. From the spatial-domain perspective, it uses structured light. We analyze the map of the gate fidelity, which forms rotated and distorted lattices in the solution space. Finally, we study the effect of an additional qubit to the gate performance and propose generalizations that operate with multi-pulse sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio R Sola
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica I, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vladimir S Malinovsky
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA
| | - Jaewook Ahn
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokmin Shin
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Y Chang
- School of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Abstract
The amount of information that can be obtained from a scattering experiment depends upon the precision with which the quantum states are defined in the incoming channel. By precisely defining the incoming states and measuring the outgoing states in a scattering experiment, we set up the boundary condition for experimentally solving the Schrödinger equation. In this Perspective we discuss cold inelastic scattering experiments using the most theoretically tractable H2 and its isotopologues as the target. We prepare the target in a precisely defined rovibrational (v, j, m) quantum state using a special coherent optical technique called the Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage (SARP). v and j represent the quantum numbers of the vibrational and rotational energy levels, and m refers to the projection of the rotational angular momentum vector j on a suitable quantization axis in the laboratory frame. Selection of the m quantum numbers defines the alignment of the molecular frame, which is necessary to probe the anisotropic interactions. For us to achieve the collision temperature in the range of a few degrees Kelvin, we co-expand the colliding partners in a mixed supersonic beam that is collimated to define a direction for the collision velocity. When the bond axis is aligned with respect to a well-defined collision velocity, SARP achieves stereodynamic control at the quantum scale. Through various examples of rotationally inelastic cold scattering experiments, we show how SARP coherently controls the dynamics of anisotropic interactions by preparing quantum superpositions of the orientational m states within a single rovibrational (v, j) energy state. A partial wave analysis, which has been developed for the cold scattering experiments, shows dominance of a resonant orbital that leaves its mark in the scattering angular distribution. These highly controlled cold collision experiments at the single partial wave limit allow the most direct comparison with the results of theoretical computations, necessary for accurate modeling of the molecular interaction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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9
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Ren ZQ, Feng CR, Xiang ZL. Deterministic generation of entanglement states between Silicon-Vacancy centers via acoustic modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:41685-41697. [PMID: 36366639 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to entangle Silicon-Vacancy (SiV) centers embedded in a diamond acoustic waveguide. These SiV centers interact with acoustic modes of the waveguide via strain-induced coupling. Through Morris-Shore transformation, the Hilbert space of this hybrid quantum system can be factorized into a closed subspace in which we can deterministically realize the symmetrical Dicke states between distant SiV centers with high fidelity. In addition, the generation of entangled Dicke states can be controlled by manipulating the strength and frequency of the driving field applied on SiV centers. This protocol provides a promising way to prepare multipartite entanglement in spin-phonon hybrid systems and could have broad applications for future quantum technologies.
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10
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Zhang CL, Chen X, Shen SJ, Lin XM. Robust quantum state transfer by optimal invariant-based reverse engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:41741-41756. [PMID: 36366643 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Shortening the operation time of implementing scheme and reducing the influence of harmful factors have always been the research objectives pursued by people. Based on invariant-based reverse engineering, we present a general scheme for implementing robust population transfer in a three-level system via optimal shortcut to adiabatic passage. The systematic error sensitivity is introduced to measure the robustness of the process. The smooth Rabi frequencies are expressed with some coefficients, which are also related to the systematic error sensitivity and the population of intermediate state. When the amplitude of control field is given, the transfer can be optimized within as small systematic error sensitivity as possible, i.e., the robustness against systematic errors is further improved by choosing suitable correlation coefficient. Additionally, we apply the technique to achieve robust excitation fluctuation transfer between two membranes in an optomechanical system. The relation between the fidelity of excitation fluctuation transfer and variation of effective optomechanical coupling strengths is analysed. Numerical result shows that the fidelity keeps over 0.95 even if the coupling strengths deviates from 20% of the theoretical value. Moreover, comparison with existing literature [Opt. Express29, 7998 (2021)10.1364/OE.417343], the proposed scheme possesses stronger robustness against variations of effective optomechanical coupling strengths and lower population of unwanted states. The idea may provide a promising approach for quantum information processing.
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11
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Wilkason T, Nantel M, Rudolph J, Jiang Y, Garber BE, Swan H, Carman SP, Abe M, Hogan JM. Atom Interferometry with Floquet Atom Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:183202. [PMID: 36374679 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Floquet engineering offers a compelling approach for designing the time evolution of periodically driven systems. We implement a periodic atom-light coupling to realize Floquet atom optics on the strontium ^{1}S_{0}-^{3}P_{1} transition. These atom optics reach pulse efficiencies above 99.4% over a wide range of frequency offsets between light and atomic resonance, even under strong driving where this detuning is on the order of the Rabi frequency. Moreover, we use Floquet atom optics to compensate for differential Doppler shifts in large momentum transfer atom interferometers and achieve state-of-the-art momentum separation in excess of 400 ℏk. This technique can be applied to any two-level system at arbitrary coupling strength, with broad application in coherent quantum control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wilkason
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Megan Nantel
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jan Rudolph
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yijun Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Benjamin E Garber
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hunter Swan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Samuel P Carman
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mahiro Abe
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jason M Hogan
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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12
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Shortcuts to adiabatic population inversion via time-rescaling: stability and thermodynamic cost. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11538. [PMID: 35798967 PMCID: PMC9262946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15912-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A shortcut to adiabaticity is concerned with the fast and robust manipulation of the dynamics of a quantum system which reproduces the effect of an adiabatic process. In this work, we use the time-rescaling method to study the problem of speeding up the population inversion of a two-level quantum system, and the fidelity of the fast dynamics versus systematic errors in the control parameters. This approach enables the generation of shortcuts from a prescribed slow dynamics by simply rescaling the time variable of the quantum evolution operator. It requires no knowledge of the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the Hamiltonian and, in principle, no additional coupling fields. From a quantum thermodynamic viewpoint, we also demonstrate that the main properties of the distribution of work required to drive the system along the shortcuts are unchanged with respect to the reference (slow) protocol.
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13
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Perreault WE, Zhou H, Mukherjee N, Zare RN. Coherent Preparation of Highly Vibrating and Rotating D 2 Molecules. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4682-4687. [PMID: 35605182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Highly vibrationally and rotationally excited hydrogen molecules are of immense interest for understanding and modeling the physics and chemistry of the cold interstellar medium. Using a sequence of two Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passages, we demonstrate the preparation of rotationally excited D2 molecules in the fourth excited vibrational level within its ground electronic state. The nearly complete population transfer to the target state is confirmed by observing both the threshold behavior as a function of the laser power and the depletion of the intermediate level. The vibrational excitation reported here opens new possibilities in the study of the much debated four-center reaction between a pair of hydrogen molecules. Additionally, these rovibrationally excited molecules could be potentially used to generate the high-intensity D- ion beams considered essential for D-T thermonuclear fusion by enhancing the cross section for dissociative electron attachment by 5 orders of magnitude compared to that of the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Perreault
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Haowen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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Xu H, Song XK, Wang D, Ye L. Robust coherent control in three-level quantum systems using composite pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3125-3137. [PMID: 35209438 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here, we focus on using composite pulses to realize high-robustness and high-fidelity coherent control in three-level quantum systems. We design the dynamic parameters (Rabi frequency and detuning) for three-level Hamiltonians for high-fidelity quantum state control using five well-known coherent control techniques including a composite adiabatic passage (CAP). Furthermore, we compare their performance against the Rabi frequency and systematic errors, and accordingly show that the CAP is the most robust against them. It features a broad range of high efficiencies above 99.9%. Thus, it provides an accurate approach for manipulating the evolution of quantum states in three-level quantum systems.
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15
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Wustelt P, Oppermann F, Mhatre S, Kübel M, Sayler AM, Lein M, Gräfe S, Paulus GG. Laser-Driven Anharmonic Oscillator: Ground-State Dissociation of the Helium Hydride Molecular Ion by Midinfrared Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:043202. [PMID: 34355921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.043202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The vibrational motion of molecules represents a fundamental example of an anharmonic oscillator. Using a prototype molecular system, HeH^{+}, we demonstrate that appropriate laser pulses make it possible to drive the nuclear motion in the anharmonic potential of the electronic ground state, increasing its energy above the potential barrier and facilitating dissociation by purely vibrational excitation. We find excellent agreement between the frequency-dependent response of the helium hydride molecular cation to both classical and quantum mechanical simulations, thus removing any ambiguities through electronic excitation. Our results provide access to the rich dynamics of anharmonic quantum oscillator systems and pave the way to state-selective control schemes in ground-state chemistry by the adequate choice of the laser parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Wustelt
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Oppermann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Saurabh Mhatre
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Kübel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - A Max Sayler
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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16
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Multilevel Laser Induced Continuum Structure. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23070891. [PMID: 34356432 PMCID: PMC8303234 DOI: 10.3390/e23070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced-continuum-structure (LICS) allows for coherent control techniques to be applied in a Raman type system with an intermediate continuum state. The standard LICS problem involves two bound states coupled to one or more continua. In this paper, we discuss the simplest non-trivial multistate generalization of LICS which couples two bound levels, each composed of two degenerate states through a common continuum state. We reduce the complexity of the system by switching to a rotated basis of the bound states, in which different sub-systems of lower dimension evolve independently. We derive the trapping condition and explore the dynamics of the sub-systems under different initial conditions.
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Song XK, Meng F, Liu BJ, Wang D, Ye L, Yung MH. Robust stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage with invariant-based optimal control. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:7998-8014. [PMID: 33820255 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The stimulated Raman adiabatic passage shows an efficient technique that accurately transfers population between two discrete quantum states with the same parity in three-level quantum systems based on adiabatic evolution. This technique has widely theoretical and experimental applications in many fields of physics, chemistry, and beyond. Here, we present a general approach to robust stimulated Raman shortcut-to-adiabatic passage with invariant-based optimal control. By controlling the dynamical process, we inversely design a family of Hamiltonians with non-divergent Rabi frequencies that can realize fast and accurate population transfer from the first to the third level, while the systematic errors are largely suppressed in general. Furthermore, a detailed trade-off relation between the population of the intermediate state and the amplitudes of Rabi frequencies in the transfer process is illustrated. These results provide an optimal route toward manipulating the evolution of three-level quantum systems in future quantum information processing.
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18
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Zhang H, Qin GQ, Song XK, Long GL. Color-detuning-dynamics-based quantum sensing with dressed states driving. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:5358-5366. [PMID: 33726073 DOI: 10.1364/oe.413637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exploring quantum technology to precisely measure physical quantities is a meaningful task for practical scientific researches. Here, we propose a novel quantum sensing model based on color detuning dynamics with dressed states driving (DSD) in stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. The model is valid for sensing different physical quantities, such as magnetic field, mass, rotation and so on. For different sensors, the used systems can range from macroscopic scale, e.g. optomechanical systems, to microscopic nanoscale, e.g. solid spin systems. The dynamics of color detuning of DSD passage indicates the sensitivity of sensors can be enhanced by tuning system with more adiabatic or accelerated processes in different color detuning regimes. To show application examples, we apply our approach to build optomechanical mass sensor and solid spin magnetometer with practical parameters.
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Ahmadinouri F, Hosseini M, Sarreshtedari F. Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage: Effects of system parameters on population transfer. Chem Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2020.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Foroozandeh M. Spin dynamics during chirped pulses: applications to homonuclear decoupling and broadband excitation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2020; 318:106768. [PMID: 32917298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Swept-frequency pulses have found applications in a wide range of areas including spectroscopic techniques where efficient control of spins is required. For many of these applications, a good understanding of the evolution of spin systems during these pulses plays a vital role, not only in describing the mechanism of techniques, but also in enabling new methodologies. In magnetic resonance spectroscopy, broadband inversion, refocusing, and excitation using these pulses are among the most used applications in NMR, ESR, MRI, and in vivo MRS. In the present survey, a general expression for chirped pulses will be introduced, and some numerical approaches to calculate the spin dynamics during chirped pulses via solutions of the well-known Liouville-von Neumann equation and the lesser-explored Wei-Norman Lie algebra along with comprehensive examples are presented. In both cases, spin state trajectories are calculated using the solution of differential equations. Additionally, applications of the proposed methods to study the spin dynamics during the PSYCHE pulse element for broadband homonuclear decoupling and the CHORUS sequence for broadband excitation will be presented.
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21
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Binz M, Bruder L, Chen L, Gelin MF, Domcke W, Stienkemeier F. Effects of high pulse intensity and chirp in two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of an atomic vapor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:25806-25829. [PMID: 32906864 DOI: 10.1364/oe.396108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of high pulse intensity and chirp on two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy signals are experimentally investigated in the highly non-perturbative regime using atomic rubidium vapor as clean model system. Data analysis is performed based on higher-order Feynman diagrams and non-perturbative numerical simulations of the system response. It is shown that higher-order contributions may lead to a fundamental change of the static appearance and beating-maps of the 2D spectra and that chirped pulses enhance or suppress distinct higher-order pathways. We further give an estimate of the threshold intensity beyond which the high-intensity effects become visible for the system under consideration.
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22
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van den Berg JL, Neumann KI, Harrison JA, Weir H, Hohenstein EG, Martinez TJ, Zare RN. Strong, Nonresonant Radiation Enhances Cis- Trans Photoisomerization of Stilbene in Solution. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5999-6008. [PMID: 32585098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it has been demonstrated that external electric fields may be used to exert control over chemical reactivity. In this study, the impact of a strong, nonresonant IR field (1064 nm) on the photoisomerization of cis-stilbene is investigated in cyclohexane solution. The design of a suitable reaction vessel for characterization of this effect is presented. The electric field supplied by the pulsed, near-IR radiation (εl = 4.5 × 107 V/cm) enhances the cis → trans photoisomerization yield at the red edge of the absorption spectrum (wavelengths between 337 and 340 nm). Within the microliter focal volume, up to 75% of all cis-stilbene molecules undergo isomerization to trans-stilbene in the strong electric-field environment, indicating a significant increase relative to the 35% yield of trans-stilbene under field-free conditions. This result correlates with a 1-3% enhancement in the trans-stilbene concentration throughout the bulk solution. Theoretical analysis suggests that the observed change is the result of dynamic Stark shifting of the ground and first excited states, leading to a significant redshift in cis-stilbene's absorption spectrum. The predicted increase in the absorption cross section in this range of excitation wavelengths is qualitatively consistent with the experimental increase in trans-stilbene production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana L van den Berg
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kallie Ilene Neumann
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John A Harrison
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Chemistry, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, Auckland 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Weir
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edward G Hohenstein
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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23
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Lavigne C, Brumer P. Pulsed two-photon coherent control of channelrhodopsin-2 photocurrent in live brain cells. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:034303. [PMID: 32716190 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) is an ion channel activated by the absorption of light. A recent experiment demonstrated that the current emanating from neurons in live brain cells expressing ChR2 can be controlled using two-photon phase control. Here, we propose an experimentally testable coherent control mechanism for this phenomenon. Significantly, we describe how femtosecond, quantum coherent processes arising from weak-field ultrafast excitation are responsible for the reported control of the millisecond classical dynamics of the neuronal current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lavigne
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Brumer
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Control, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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24
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Perreault WE, Zhou H, Mukherjee N, Zare RN. Harnessing the Power of Adiabatic Curve Crossing to Populate the Highly Vibrationally Excited H_{2} (v=7, j=0) Level. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:163202. [PMID: 32383909 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A large ensemble of ∼10^{9} H_{2} (v=7, j=0) molecules is prepared in the collision-free environment of a supersonic beam by transferring nearly the entire H_{2} (v=0, j=0) ground-state population, where v and j are the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, respectively. This is accomplished by controlling the crossing of the optically dressed adiabatic states using a pair of phase coherent laser pulses. The preparation of highly vibrationally excited H_{2} molecules opens new opportunities to test fundamental physical principles using two loosely bound yet entangled H atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Perreault
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Haowen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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25
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Theoretical Study on Spin-Selective Coherent Electron Transfer in a Quantum Dot Array. UNIVERSE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/universe6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we proposed the spin-selective coherent electron transfer in a silicon-quantum-dot array. It requires temporal tuning of two pulses of an oscillating magnetic field and gate voltage control. This paper proposes a simpler method that requires a single pulse of oscillating magnetic field and gate voltage control. We examined the robustness of the control against the error in the pulse amplitude and the effect of the excited states relaxation to the control efficiency. In addition, we propose a novel control method based on a shortcuts-to-adiabaticity protocol, which utilizes two pulses but requires temporal control of the pulse amplitude for only one of them. We compared their efficiencies under the effect of realistic pulse amplitude errors and relaxation.
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26
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Hernandez-Castillo AO, Abeysekera C, Robicheaux F, Zwier TS. Propagating molecular rotational coherences through single-frequency pulses in the strong field regime. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:084312. [PMID: 31470710 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the weak-field limit in which microwave spectroscopy is typically carried out, an application of a single-frequency pulse that is resonant with a molecular transition will create a coherence between the pair of states involved in the rotational transition, producing a free-induction decay (FID) that, after Fourier transform, produces a molecular signal at that same resonance frequency. With the advent of chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave methods, the high-powered amplifiers needed to produce broadband microwave spectra also open up other experiments that probe the molecular response in the high-field regime. This paper describes a series of experiments involving resonant frequency pulses interrogating jet-cooled molecules under conditions of sufficient power to Rabi oscillate the two-state system through many Rabi cycles. The Fourier-transformed FID shows coherent signal not only at the applied resonant frequency but also at a series of transitions initially connected to the original one by sharing an upper or lower level with it. As the duration of the single-frequency excitation is increased from 250 to 1500 ns, the number of observed off-resonant, but dipole-allowed, molecular coherences grow. The phenomenon is quite general, having been demonstrated in Z-phenylvinylnitrile, E-phenylvinylnitrile (E-PVN), benzonitrile, guaiacol, and 4-pentynenitrile. In E-PVN, the highest power/longest pulse duration, coherent signal is also present at energetically nearby but not directly connected transitions. Even in molecular samples containing more than one independent species, only transitions due to the single species responsible for the original resonant transition are present. We develop a time-dependent model of the molecular/photon system and use it in conjunction with the experiment to test possible sources of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chamara Abeysekera
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - F Robicheaux
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
| | - Timothy S Zwier
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, USA
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27
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Leibscher M, Giesen TF, Koch CP. Principles of enantio-selective excitation in three-wave mixing spectroscopy of chiral molecules. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5097406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Leibscher
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Giesen
- Experimentalphysik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Christiane P. Koch
- Theoretische Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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28
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Perreault WE, Mukherjee N, Zare RN. Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage examined through the preparation of D 2 (v = 2, j = 0) and D 2 (v = 2, j = 2, m = 0). J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234201. [PMID: 31228886 DOI: 10.1063/1.5109261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the conditions that must be met for successful preparation of a large ensemble in a specific target quantum state using Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage (SARP). In particular, we show that the threshold condition depends on the relative magnitudes of the Raman polarizability (r0v) and the difference of the optical polarizabilities (Δα00→vj) of the initial (v = 0, j = 0) and the target (v, j) rovibrational levels. Here, v and j are the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, respectively. To illustrate how the operation of SARP is controlled by these two parameters, we experimentally prepared D2 (v = 2, j = 0) and D2 (v = 2, j = 2, m = 0) in a beam of D2 (v = 0, j = 0) molecules using a sequence of partially overlapping pump and Stokes laser pulses. By comparing theory and experiment, we were able to determine the Raman polarizability r02 ≈ 0.3 × 10-41 Cm/(V/m) and the difference polarizabilities Δα00→20 ≈ 1.4 × 10-41 Cm/(V/m) and Δα00→22 ≈ 3.4 × 10-41 Cm/(V/m) for the two Raman transitions. Our experimental data and theoretical calculations show that because the ratio r/Δα is larger for the (0,0) → (2,0) transition than the (0,0) → (2,2) transition, much less optical power is required to transfer a large population to the (v = 2, j = 0) level. Nonetheless, our experiment demonstrates that substantial population transfer to both the D2 (v = 2, j = 0) and D2 (v = 2, j = 2, m = 0) is achieved using appropriate laser fluences. Our derived threshold condition demonstrates that with increasing vibrational quantum number, it becomes more difficult to achieve large amounts of population transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Perreault
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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29
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Xu K, Xie T, Shi F, Wang ZY, Xu X, Wang P, Wang Y, Plenio MB, Du J. Breaking the quantum adiabatic speed limit by jumping along geodesics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax3800. [PMID: 31245542 PMCID: PMC6588358 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum adiabatic evolutions find a broad range of applications in quantum physics and quantum technologies. The traditional form of the quantum adiabatic theorem limits the speed of adiabatic evolution by the minimum energy gaps of the system Hamiltonian. Here, we experimentally show using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond that, even in the presence of vanishing energy gaps, quantum adiabatic evolution is possible. This verifies a recently derived necessary and sufficient quantum adiabatic theorem and offers paths to overcome the conventionally assumed constraints on adiabatic methods. By fast modulation of dynamic phases, we demonstrate near-unit-fidelity quantum adiabatic processes in finite times. These results challenge traditional views and provide deeper understanding on quantum adiabatic processes, as well as promising strategies for the control of quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebiao Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tianyu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fazhan Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Wang
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Xiangkun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Martin B. Plenio
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Universität Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microscale Magnetic Resonance and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, USTC, Hefei 230026, China
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30
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Yan Y, Li Y, Kinos A, Walther A, Shi C, Rippe L, Moser J, Kröll S, Chen X. Inverse engineering of shortcut pulses for high fidelity initialization on qubits closely spaced in frequency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:8267-8282. [PMID: 31052648 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.008267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-fidelity qubit initialization is of significance for efficient error correction in fault tolerant quantum algorithms. Combining two best worlds, speed and robustness, to achieve high-fidelity state preparation and manipulation is challenging in quantum systems, where qubits are closely spaced in frequency. Motivated by the concept of shortcut to adiabaticity, we theoretically propose the shortcut pulses via inverse engineering and further optimize the pulses with respect to systematic errors in frequency detuning and Rabi frequency. Such protocol, relevant to frequency selectivity, is applied to rare-earth ions qubit system, where the excitation of frequency-neighboring qubits should be prevented as well. Furthermore, comparison with adiabatic complex hyperbolic secant pulses shows that these dedicated initialization pulses can reduce the time that ions spend in the excited state by a factor of 6, which is important in coherence time limited systems to approach an error rate manageable by quantum error correction. The approach may also be applicable to superconducting qubits, and any other systems where qubits are addressed in frequency.
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31
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Fast quantum control in dissipative systems using dissipationless solutions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4048. [PMID: 30858537 PMCID: PMC6412050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39731-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a systematic geometric procedure, built up on solutions designed in the absence of dissipation, to mitigate the effects of dissipation in the control of open quantum systems. Our method addresses a standard class of open quantum systems that encompasses non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. It provides the analytical expression of the extra magnetic field to be superimposed to the driving field in order to compensate the geometric distortion induced by dissipation for spin systems, and produces an exact geometric optimization of fast population transfer. Interestingly, it also preserves the robustness properties of protocols originally optimized against noise. Its extension to two interacting spins restores a fidelity close to unity for the fast generation of Bell state in the presence of dissipation.
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32
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Shen YX, Peng YG, Zhao DG, Chen XC, Zhu J, Zhu XF. One-Way Localized Adiabatic Passage in an Acoustic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:094501. [PMID: 30932527 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.094501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated adiabatic passage utilizes radiation pulses to efficiently and selectively transfer population between quantum states, via an intermediate state that is normally decaying. In this Letter, we propose the analog of stimulated adiabatic passage in an acoustic system. It is realized with cavities that correlate through adiabatically time-varying couplings, where the cavities and time-varying couplings mimic discrete states and radiation pulses, respectively. With appropriate arrangements of coupling actions, an acoustic wave can be efficiently transferred from the initial excited cavity to the target cavity in the forward direction, immune to the intermediate dark cavity. On the other hand, for the backward propagation, the acoustic energy is perfectly localized in the intermediate dark cavity and completely dissipated. We analytically, numerically, and experimentally demonstrate such unidirectional sound localization and unveil the essential role of zero-eigenvalue eigenstates in the adiabatic passage process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xi Shen
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Gui Peng
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Gang Zhao
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Cheng Chen
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhu
- School of Physics and Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zhang H, Song XK, Ai Q, Wang H, Yang GJ, Deng FG. Fast and robust quantum control for multimode interactions using shortcuts to adiabaticity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:7384-7392. [PMID: 30876303 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.007384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adiabatic quantum control is a very important approach for quantum physics and quantum information processing (QIP). It holds the advantage with robustness to experimental imperfections but accumulates more decoherence due to the long evolution time. Here, we propose a universal protocol for fast and robust quantum control in multimode interactions of a quantum system by using shortcuts to adiabaticity. The results show this protocol can speed up the evolution of a multimode quantum system effectively, and it can also keep the robustness very good while adiabatic quantum control processes cannot. We apply this protocol for the quantum state transfer in QIP in the photon-phonon interactions in an optomechanical system, showing a perfect result. These good features make this protocol have the capability of improving effectively the feasibility of the practical applications of multimode interactions in QIP in experiment.
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34
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Mostafavi F, Yuan L, Ramezani H. Eigenstates Transition without Undergoing an Adiabatic Process. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:050404. [PMID: 30821988 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.050404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a class of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that offers a dynamical approach to a shortcut to adiabaticity (DASA). In particular, in our proposed 2×2 Hamiltonians, one eigenvalue is absolutely real and the other one is complex. This specific form of eigenvalues helps us to exponentially decay the population in an undesired eigenfunction or amplify the population in the desired state while keeping the probability amplitude in the other eigenfunction conserved. This provides us with a powerful method to have a diabatic process with the same outcome as its corresponding adiabatic process. In contrast to standard shortcuts to adiabaticity, our Hamiltonians have a much simpler form with a lower thermodynamic cost. Furthermore, we show that DASA can be extended to higher dimensions using the parameters associated with our 2×2 Hamiltonians. Our proposed Hamiltonians not only have application in DASA but also can be used for tunable mode selection and filtering in acoustics, electronics, and optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mostafavi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
| | - Luqi Yuan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hamidreza Ramezani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
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35
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Saalmann U, Giri SK, Rost JM. Adiabatic Passage to the Continuum: Controlling Ionization with Chirped Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:153203. [PMID: 30362781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.153203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that, by changing the direction of the chirp in vacuum-ultraviolet pulses, one can switch between excitation and ionization with very high contrast, if the carrier frequency of the light is resonant with two bound states. This is a surprising consequence of rapid adiabatic passage if extended to include transitions to the continuum. The chirp phase locks the linear combination of the two resonantly coupled bound states whose ionization amplitudes interfere constructively or destructively depending on the chirp direction under suitable conditions. We derive the phenomenon in a minimal model and verify the effect with calculations for helium as a realistic example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Saalmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sajal Kumar Giri
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan M Rost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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36
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Petrosyan D, Mølmer K. Deterministic Free-Space Source of Single Photons Using Rydberg Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123605. [PMID: 30296151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose an efficient free-space scheme to create single photons in a well-defined spatiotemporal mode. To that end, we first prepare a single source atom in an excited Rydberg state. The source atom interacts with a large ensemble of ground-state atoms via a laser-mediated dipole-dipole exchange interaction. Using an adiabatic passage with a chirped laser pulse, we produce a spatially extended spin wave of a single Rydberg excitation in the ensemble, accompanied by the transition of the source atom to another Rydberg state. The collective atomic excitation can then be converted to a propagating optical photon via a coherent coupling field. In contrast to previous approaches, our single-photon source does not rely on the strong coupling of a single emitter to a resonant cavity, nor does it require the heralding of collective excitation or complete Rydberg blockade of multiple excitations in the atomic ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Petrosyan
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, GR-71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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37
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Fu M, Ma H, Cao J, Bian W. Laser cooling of CaBr molecules and production of ultracold Br atoms: A theoretical study including spin-orbit coupling. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:134309. [PMID: 28390362 DOI: 10.1063/1.4979566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to the exciting potential applications of ultracold atoms and molecules in many fields, developing new cooling schemes has attracted great interests in recent years. Here, we investigate laser cooling of CaBr molecules and design a photonic scheme for the production of ultracold Br atoms using the highly accurate ab initio and dynamical methods. We find that the AΠ1/22(ν'=0)→X2Σ1/2+(ν=0) transition for CaBr features a large vibrational branching ratio, a significant photon-scattering rate, and no intermediate electronic-state interference, indicating that the ultracold CaBr could be produced through a three-laser cooling scheme. Moreover, an efficient four-pulse excitation scheme from the ground rovibrational level of the cooled CaBr molecules is proposed to yield ultracold Br atoms, in which a few spin-orbit excited states are utilized as the intermediate states. The importance of the spin-orbit coupling is underscored in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Fu
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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38
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Abstract
Shortcut to adiabaticity (STA) techniques have the potential to drive a system beyond the adiabatic limits. Here, we present a robust and efficient method for wireless power transfer (WPT) between two coils based on the so-called transitionless quantum driving (TQD) algorithm. We show that it is possible to transfer power between the coils significantly fast compared to its adiabatic counterpart. The scheme is fairly robust against the variations in the coupling strength and the coupling distance between the coils. Also, the scheme is found to be reasonably immune to intrinsic losses in the coils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Paul
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Amarendra K Sarma
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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39
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Werdecker J, van Reijzen ME, Chen BJ, Beck RD. Vibrational Energy Redistribution in a Gas-Surface Encounter: State-to-State Scattering of CH_{4} from Ni(111). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:053402. [PMID: 29481185 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.053402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The fate of vibrational energy in the collision of methane (CH_{4}) in its antisymmetric C-H stretch vibration (ν_{3}) with a Ni(111) surface has been studied in a state-to-state scattering experiment. Laser excitation in the incident molecular beam prepared the J=1 rotational state of ν_{3}, and a bolometer in combination with selective laser excitation detected the scattered methane. The rovibrationally resolved scattering distributions reveal very efficient vibrational energy redistribution from ν_{3} to the symmetric C-H stretch vibration (ν_{1}). The branching ratio ν_{1}/ν_{3} is near 0.4 and insensitive to changes in incident kinetic energy in the range from 100 to 370 meV. State-resolved angular distributions and measurements of the residual Doppler linewidths prove that the scattering is direct. The observed vibrationally inelastic scattering provides direct experimental evidence for surface-induced vibrational energy redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Werdecker
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maarten E van Reijzen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bo-Jung Chen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rainer D Beck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Epstein I, Suchowski H, Weisman D, Remez R, Arie A. Observation of linear plasmonic breathers and adiabatic elimination in a plasmonic multi-level coupled system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:1433-1442. [PMID: 29402017 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide experimental and numerical demonstrations of plasmonic propagation dynamics in a multi-level coupled system, and present the first observation of plasmonic breathers propagating in such systems. The effect is observed both for the simplest symmetric case of a thin metal layer surrounded by two identical dielectrics, and also for a more complex system that includes five and more layers. By a careful choice of the permittivities and thicknesses of the intermediate layers, we can adiabatically eliminate the plasmonic waves in all the intermediate interfaces, thus enabling efficient vertical delivery and extraction of plasmonic signals between the top layer and deeply buried layers. The observation relies on controlling the excited mode by breaking the symmetry of excitation, which is crucial for obtaining the results experimentally. We also observe this breathing effect for transversely shaped plasmonic beams, with Hermite-Gauss, Airy and Weber wavefronts, that despite the oscillatory nature of propagation in such systems, still preserve all their unique wavefront properties. Finally, we show that such approaches can be extended to plasmonic propagation in a general multi-layered system, opening a path for efficient three-dimensional integrated plasmonic circuitry.
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41
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Mathisen T, Larson J. Liouvillian of the Open STIRAP Problem. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20010020. [PMID: 33265111 PMCID: PMC7512197 DOI: 10.3390/e20010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the corresponding Liouvillian as a starting point, we demonstrate two seemingly new phenomena of the STIRAP problem when subjected to irreversible losses. It is argued that both of these can be understood from an underlying Zeno effect, and in particular both can be viewed as if the environment assists the STIRAP population transfer. The first of these is found for relative strong dephasing, and, in the language of the Liouvillian, it is explained from the explicit form of the matrix generating the time-evolution; the coherence terms of the state decay off, which prohibits further population transfer. For pure dissipation, another Zeno effect is found, where the presence of a non-zero Liouvillian gap protects the system’s (adiabatic) state from non-adiabatic excitations. In contrast to full Zeno freezing of the evolution, which is often found in many problems without explicit time-dependence, here, the freezing takes place in the adiabatic basis such that the system still evolves but adiabatically.
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42
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Li H, Shen HZ, Wu SL, Yi XX. Shortcuts to adiabaticity in non-Hermitian quantum systems without rotating-wave approximation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30135-30148. [PMID: 29221047 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The technique of shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) has attracted broad attention due to their possible applications in quantum information processing and quantum control. However, most studies published so far have been only focused on Hermitian systems under the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). In this paper, we propose a modified shortcuts to adiabaticity technique to realize population transfer for a non-Hermitian system without RWA. We work out an exact expression for the control function and present examples consisting of two-and three-level systems with decay to show the theory. The results suggest that the shortcuts to adiabaticity technique presented here is robust for fast passages. We also find that the decay has small effect on the population transfer in the three-level system. To shed more light on the physics behind this result, we reduce the quantum three-level system to an effective two-level one with large detunings. The shortcuts to adiabaticity technique of effective two-level system is studied. Thereby the high-fidelity population transfer can be implemented in non-Hermitian systems by our method, and it works even without RWA.
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43
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Wu JL, Ji X, Zhang S. Shortcut to adiabatic passage in a three-level system via a chosen path and its application in a complicated system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:21084-21093. [PMID: 29041516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We construct a shortcut to an adiabatic passage in a three-level system by choosing a dressed state acting as an evolutive path. Two designed auxiliary pulses are added into the original pulses to eliminate the couplings between the chosen evolutive-path state and the other two dressed states. The same target state as one gotten by adiabatic passage can be rapidly obtained, and the population of the lossy intermediate state can be controlled by setting proper parameters. Furthermore, as an example, we use this method in the adiabatic-passage scheme [Opt. Express20, 014547 (2012)], a complicated cavity quantum electrodynamics system, to successfully accelerate the generation of the three-dimensional entanglement between a single atom and a Bose-Einstein condensate.
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44
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Roller EM, Besteiro LV, Pupp C, Khorashad LK, Govorov AO, Liedl T. Hot spot-mediated non-dissipative and ultrafast plasmon passage. NATURE PHYSICS 2017; 13:761-765. [PMID: 28781603 PMCID: PMC5540180 DOI: 10.1038/nphys4120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles hold great promise as photon handling elements and as channels for coherent transfer of energy and information in future all-optical computing devices.1-5 Coherent energy oscillations between two spatially separated plasmonic entities via a virtual middle state exemplify electron-based population transfer, but their realization requires precise nanoscale positioning of heterogeneous particles.6-10 Here, we show the assembly and optical analysis of a triple particle system consisting of two gold nanoparticles with an inter-spaced silver island. We observe strong plasmonic coupling between the spatially separated gold particles mediated by the connecting silver particle with almost no dissipation of energy. As the excitation energy of the silver island exceeds that of the gold particles, only quasi-occupation of the silver transfer channel is possible. We describe this effect both with exact classical electrodynamic modeling and qualitative quantum-mechanical calculations. We identify the formation of strong hot spots between all particles as the main mechanism for the loss-less coupling and thus coherent ultra-fast energy transfer between the remote partners. Our findings could prove useful for quantum gate operations, but also for classical charge and information transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Roller
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Claudia Pupp
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Tim Liedl
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
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45
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Pan H, Mondal S, Yang CH, Liu K. Imaging characterization of the rapid adiabatic passage in a source-rotatable, crossed-beam scattering experiment. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:013928. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4982615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sohidul Mondal
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kopin Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-166, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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46
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Silveri MP, Tuorila JA, Thuneberg EV, Paraoanu GS. Quantum systems under frequency modulation. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:056002. [PMID: 28379844 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa5170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We review the physical phenomena that arise when quantum mechanical energy levels are modulated in time. The dynamics resulting from changes in the transition frequency is a problem studied since the early days of quantum mechanics. It has been of constant interest both experimentally and theoretically since, with the simple two-state model providing an inexhaustible source of novel concepts. When the transition frequency of a quantum system is modulated, several phenomena can be observed, such as Landau-Zener-Stückelberg-Majorana interference, motional averaging and narrowing, and the formation of dressed states with the appearance of sidebands in the spectrum. Adiabatic changes result in the accumulation of geometric phases, which can be used to create topological states. In recent years, an exquisite experimental control in the time domain was gained through the parameters entering the Hamiltonian, and high-fidelity readout schemes allowed the state of the system to be monitored non-destructively. These developments were made in the field of quantum devices, especially in superconducting qubits, as a well as in atomic physics, in particular in ultracold gases. As a result of these advances, it became possible to demonstrate many of the fundamental effects that arise in a quantum system when its transition frequencies are modulated. The purpose of this review is to present some of these developments, from two-state atoms and harmonic oscillators to multilevel and many-particle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Silveri
- Department of Physics, University of Oulu, PO Box 3000, FI-90014, Finland. Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America
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47
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Fast adiabatic quantum state transfer and entanglement generation between two atoms via dressed states. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46255. [PMID: 28397793 PMCID: PMC5387687 DOI: 10.1038/srep46255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a dressed-state scheme to achieve shortcuts to adiabaticity in atom-cavity quantum electrodynamics for speeding up adiabatic two-atom quantum state transfer and maximum entanglement generation. Compared with stimulated Raman adiabatic passage, the dressed-state scheme greatly shortens the operation time in a non-adiabatic way. By means of some numerical simulations, we determine the parameters which can guarantee the feasibility and efficiency both in theory and experiment. Besides, numerical simulations also show the scheme is robust against the variations in the parameters, atomic spontaneous emissions and the photon leakages from the cavity.
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48
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Pengel D, Kerbstadt S, Johannmeyer D, Englert L, Bayer T, Wollenhaupt M. Electron Vortices in Femtosecond Multiphoton Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:053003. [PMID: 28211728 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.053003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton ionization of potassium atoms with a sequence of two counter-rotating circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses produces vortex-shaped photoelectron momentum distributions in the polarization plane describing Archimedean spirals. The pulse sequences are produced by polarization shaping and the three-dimensional photoelectron distributions are tomographically reconstructed from velocity map imaging measurements. We show that perturbative ionization leads to electron vortices with c_{6} rotational symmetry. A change from c_{6} to c_{4} rotational symmetry of the vortices is demonstrated for nonperturbative interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pengel
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S Kerbstadt
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - D Johannmeyer
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - L Englert
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - T Bayer
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - M Wollenhaupt
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Physik, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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49
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Fu M, Ma H, Cao J, Bian W. Extensive theoretical study on electronically excited states of calcium monochloride: Molecular laser cooling and production of ultracold chlorine atoms. J Chem Phys 2017; 144:184302. [PMID: 27179479 DOI: 10.1063/1.4948631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine doublet Λ-S states of calcium monochloride (CaCl) are calculated using the internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method with the Davidson correction. Both the core subvalence and spin-orbit coupling effects are taken into account. Laser cooling of CaCl and production of ultracold chlorine atoms are investigated and assessed. Our computed spectroscopic constants and radiative lifetimes match the available experimental data very well. The determined Franck-Condon factors and vibrational branching ratios of the A(2)Π1/2(ν('))←X(2)Σ1/2 (+)(ν) transition are highly diagonally distributed and the evaluated radiative lifetime for the A(2)Π1/2(ν' = 0) state is 28.2 ns, which is short enough for rapid laser cooling. Subsequently, detection of cold molecules via resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization to determine the final quantum state populations is discussed and the ionization energy calculated. A multi-pulse excitation scheme is proposed for producing ultracold chlorine atoms from zero-energy photodissociation of the cooled CaCl. Our results demonstrate the possibility of producing ultracold CaCl molecules and Cl atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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50
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Svidzinsky AA, Eleuch H, Scully MO. Rabi oscillations produced by adiabatic pulse due to initial atomic coherence. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:65-68. [PMID: 28059179 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
If an electromagnetic pulse is detuned from atomic transition frequency by amount Δ>1/τ, where τ is the turn-on time of the pulse, then atomic population adiabatically follows the pulse intensity without causing Rabi oscillations. Here we show that, if initially, the atom has nonzero coherence, then the adiabatic pulse yields Rabi oscillations of atomic population ρaa(t), and we obtain analytical solutions for ρaa(t). Our findings can be useful for achieving generation of coherent light in the backward direction in the QASER scheme in which modulation of the coupling between light and atoms is produced by Rabi oscillations. Initial coherence can be created by sending a short resonant pulse into the medium followed by a long adiabatic pulse, which leads to the light amplification in the backward direction.
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