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Portacci A, Iorillo I, Maselli L, Amendolara M, Quaranta VN, Dragonieri S, Carpagnano GE. The Role of Galectins in Asthma Pathophysiology: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4271-4285. [PMID: 38785528 PMCID: PMC11119966 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a group of β-galactoside-binding proteins with several roles in immune response, cellular adhesion, and inflammation development. Current evidence suggest that these proteins could play a crucial role in many respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer, and respiratory infections. From this standpoint, an increasing body of evidence have recognized galectins as potential biomarkers involved in several aspects of asthma pathophysiology. Among them, galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-9 (Gal-9), and galectin-10 (Gal-10) are the most extensively studied in human and animal asthma models. These galectins can affect T helper 2 (Th2) and non-Th2 inflammation, mucus production, airway responsiveness, and bronchial remodeling. Nevertheless, while higher Gal-3 and Gal-9 concentrations are associated with a stronger degree of Th-2 phlogosis, Gal-10, which forms Charcot-Leyden Crystals (CLCs), correlates with sputum eosinophilic count, interleukin-5 (IL-5) production, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) secretion. Finally, several galectins have shown potential in clinical response monitoring after inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and biologic therapies, confirming their potential role as reliable biomarkers in patients with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Portacci
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Ilaria Iorillo
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Leonardo Maselli
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Monica Amendolara
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | | | - Silvano Dragonieri
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
| | - Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (I.I.); (L.M.); (M.A.); (S.D.); (G.E.C.)
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Yan Q, Forno E, Cardenas A, Qi C, Han YY, Acosta-Pérez E, Kim S, Zhang R, Boutaoui N, Canino G, Vonk JM, Xu CJ, Chen W, Marsland A, Oken E, Gold DR, Koppelman GH, Celedón JC. Exposure to violence, chronic stress, nasal DNA methylation, and atopic asthma in children. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:1896-1905. [PMID: 33751861 PMCID: PMC8217314 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to violence (ETV) or chronic stress may influence asthma through unclear mechanisms. METHODS Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of ETV or chronic stress measures and DNA methylation in nasal epithelium from 487 Puerto Ricans aged 9-20 years who participated in the Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans study [EVA-PR]). We assessed four measures of ETV and chronic stress in children (ETV scale, gun violence, and perceived stress) and their mothers (perceived stress). Each EWAS was conducted using linear regression, with CpGs as dependent variables and the stress/violence measure as a predictor, adjusting for age, sex, the top five principal components, and SVA latent factors. We then selected the top 100 CpGs (by p value) associated with each stress/violence measure in EVA-PR and conducted a meta-analysis of the selected CpGs and atopic asthma using data from EVA-PR and two additional cohorts (Project Viva and PIAMA). RESULTS Three CpGs (in SNN, PTPRN2, and LINC01164) were associated with maternal perceived stress or gun violence (p = 1.28-3.36 × 10-7 ), but not with atopic asthma, in EVA-PR. In a meta-analysis of three cohorts, which included the top CpGs associated with stress/violence measures in EVA-PR, 12 CpGs (in STARD3NL, SLC35F4, TSR3, CDC42SE2, KLHL25, PLCB1, BUD13, OR2B3, GALR1, TMEM196, TEAD4, and ANAPC13) were associated with atopic asthma at FDR-p < .05. CONCLUSIONS Pending confirmation in longitudinal studies, our findings suggest that nasal epithelial methylation markers associated with measures of ETV and chronic stress may be linked to atopic asthma in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yan
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erick Forno
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.,Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cancan Qi
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yueh-Ying Han
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edna Acosta-Pérez
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Soyeon Kim
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nadia Boutaoui
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng-Jian Xu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Marsland
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerard H Koppelman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergy, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Yan Q, Forno E, Cardenas A, Qi C, Han YY, Acosta-Pérez E, Kim S, Zhang R, Boutaoui N, Canino G, Vonk JM, Xu CJ, Chen W, Oken E, Gold DR, Koppelman GH, Celedón JC. Exposure to violence, chronic stress, nasal DNA methylation, and atopic asthma in children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 33173928 DOI: 10.1101/2020.11.03.20225250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Exposure to violence (ETV) or stress may cause asthma through unclear mechanisms. Methods Epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of DNA methylation in nasal epithelium and four ETV or chronic stress measures in 487 Puerto Ricans aged 9-20 years who participated in the Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans study [EVA-PR]). We assessed measures of ETV or chronic stress in children (ETV scale, gun violence, and perceived stress) and their mothers (perceived stress). Each EWAS was conducted using linear regression, with CpGs as dependent variables and the stress/violence measure as a predictor, adjusting for age, sex, the top five principal components, and SVA latent factors. We then selected the top 100 CpGs (by P-value) associated with each stress/violence measure in EVA-PR and conducted a meta-analysis of the selected CpGs and atopic asthma using data from EVA-PR and two additional cohorts (Project Viva and PIAMA). Results In the EWAS of stress/violence in EVA-PR, gun violence was associated with methylation of cg18961589 in LINC01164 (β=0.03, P =1.28×10 -7 ), and maternal stress was associated with methylation of cg03402351 in SNN (β=0.04, P =1.69×10 -7 ) and cg19064846 in PTPRN2 (β=0.03, P =3.36×10 -7 ). In a meta-analysis of three cohorts, which included the top CpGs associated with stress/violence in EVA-PR, CpGs in STARD3NL, SLC35F4, TSR3, CDC42SE2, KLHL25, PLCB1, BUD13, OR2B3, GALR1, TMEM196, TEAD4 and ANAPC13 were associated with atopic asthma at FDR- P < 0.05. Conclusions ETV and chronic stress may increase the risk of atopic asthma through DNA methylation in airway epithelium, though this needs confirmation in future longitudinal studies.
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Mandlik DS, Mandlik SK. New perspectives in bronchial asthma: pathological, immunological alterations, biological targets, and pharmacotherapy. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:521-544. [PMID: 32938247 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1824238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common, long-lasting inflammatory airway disease that affects more than 10% of the world population. It is characterized by bronchial narrowing, airway hyperresponsiveness, vasodilatation, airway edema, and stimulation of sensory nerve endings that lead to recurring events of breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing. It is the main reason for global morbidity and occurs as a result of the weakening of the immune system in response to exposure to allergens or environmental exposure. In asthma condition, it results in the activation of numerous inflammatory cells like the mast and dendritic cells along with the accumulation of activated eosinophils and lymphocytes at the inflammation site. The structural cells such as airway epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells release inflammatory mediators that promote the bronchial inflammation. Long-lasting bronchial inflammation can cause pathological alterations, viz. the improved thickness of the bronchial epithelium and friability of airway epithelial cells, epithelium fibrosis, hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle, angiogenesis, and mucus gland hyperplasia. The stimulation of bronchial epithelial cell would result in the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that attract inflammatory cells into bronchial airways and plays an important role in asthma. Asthma patients who do not respond to marketed antiasthmatic drugs needed novel biological medications to regulate the asthmatic situation. The present review enumerates various types of asthma, etiological factors, and in vivo animal models for the induction of asthma. The underlying pathological, immunological mechanism of action, the role of inflammatory mediators, the effect of inflammation on the bronchial airways, newer treatment approaches, and novel biological targets of asthma have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa S Mandlik
- Department of Pharmacology, Bharat Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandawane, India
| | - Satish K Mandlik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, Vadgaon, Maharashtra, India
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Associations between TMEM196 polymorphisms and NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease in asthma. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2020; 29:69-75. [PMID: 30694883 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found differences in the minor allele frequency (MAF) of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in transmembrane protein 196 (TMEM196) between 995 patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) and 141 asthmatic patients with NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). In this study, we statistically analyzed the distributions of the genotypes and haplotypes of these SNPs to determine the exact association between TMEM196 genetic variants and the risk for NERD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lewontin's D' and r values were used to measure linkage disequilibrium between the biallelic loci having MAFs more than 0.05, and haplotypes were inferred using the PHASE algorithm (version 2.0). The genotype distribution was analyzed by logistic regression models using age of onset, smoking status (nonsmoker=0, ex-smoker=1, smoker=2), and BMI as covariates. Regression analysis of the association between SNPs and the risk of NERD was analyzed using SPSS version 12.0 and PLINK version 1.9. RESULTS The MAF of rs9886152 C>T was significantly lower in NERD than in ATA [24.8 vs. 34.0%, odds ratio=0.64 (0.48-0.85), P=2.07×10, Pcorr=0.048]. The rate of the rs9886152 C>T minor allele was significantly lower in NERD than in ATA [44.0 vs. 56.4% in the codominant model, P=0.002, Pcorr=0.049, odds ratio=0.64 (0.48-0.85)]. An additional three SNPs (rs9639334 A>G, rs9638765 A>G, and rs2097811 G>A) showed similar associations with the risk of NERD. NERD patients had lower frequencies of the rs9639334 A>G minor allele (51.1 vs. 64.4%, P=0.002, Pcorr=0.043), rs9638765 A>G (49.7 vs. 64.2%, P=0.001, Pcorr=0.017), and rs2097811 G>A (51.1 vs. 64.5%, P=0.002, Pcorr=0.04) compared with ATA patients. Patients homozygous for the minor alleles of the four SNPs showed significantly less of an aspirin-induced decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second compared with those homozygous for the common alleles (P=0.003-0.012). CONCLUSION The minor alleles of the four SNPs in TMEM196 may exert a protective effect against the development of NERD and may be useful genetic markers to predict the risk of NERD.
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Hill J, Burnett T, Katial R. Mechanisms of Benefit with Aspirin Therapy in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2017; 36:735-747. [PMID: 27712767 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe persistent asthma, hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and an intolerance to aspirin and other NSAIDs that preferentially inhibit COX-1. For more than 30 years, aspirin desensitization has proven to be of significant long-term benefit in carefully selected patients with AERD. Despite this, the exact mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of aspirin desensitization remain poorly understood. In this article, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms of aspirin desensitization and discuss future areas of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hill
- Adult Program, Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado, 1400 Jackson Street, K624, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Trever Burnett
- Northwest Asthma and Allergy Center, 9725 3rd Avenue Northeast, Suite 500, Northgate Executive Center II, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Rohit Katial
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, University of Colorado, 1400 Jackson Street, K624, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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Ledford DK, Lockey RF. Aspirin or Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-Exacerbated Chronic Rhinosinusitis. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2017; 4:590-8. [PMID: 27393773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (ASA)-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is characterized by upper airway congestion due to eosinophilic inflammation of the nasal and sinus membranes and nasal polyposis, associated with increased leukotriene production that is further accentuated by ASA or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) ingestion. It occurs in 5% to 10% of subjects with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and in 15% to 40% of those with nasal polyposis. Although AERD with CRS is usually associated with asthma, this is not always the case. The eosinophilic airway inflammation and symptoms precede clinical reactions to ASA or other NSAIDs, but ultimately affected subjects experience worsening of symptoms with ingestion of ASA/NSAIDs. The endotypic mechanism for this worsening is related to a chronic increase in leukotriene and a decrease in prostaglandin production, particularly prostaglandin E2, that is further aggravated by the inhibition of cycloxgenase I. IgE does not likely play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease although nasal and sinus staphylococcal infection increases local IgE level and may increase total IgE and specific IgE levels. Genetic studies suggest that multiple genes may be involved, but the genetic abnormalities may differ in affected subjects from different ethnicities and candidate genes have not been confirmed in multiple studies. Genome-wide association studies have not been revealing. The phenotype is recognized by the mucosal inflammation and worsening of symptoms acutely with ASA/NSAID. There is clinical improvement with ASA desensitization followed by regular ingestion of ASA or other NSAIDs. Further understanding of this unique phenotype and endotype of CRS will likely improve the understanding of other eosinophilic airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis K Ledford
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida and the James A. Haley V.A. Hospital, Tampa, Fla.
| | - Richard F Lockey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joy McCann Culverhouse Chair in Allergy & Immunology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla
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Abstract
The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by nonneoplastic inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract can be divided into 3 main categories: chronic rhinosinusitis, which encompasses a heterogeneous group of entities, all of which result in mucosal inflammation with or without polyps-eosinophils; infectious diseases; and autoimmune diseases and vasculitides, which can result in midline necrosis and facial deformities. This article reviews the common inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract with emphasis on infectious diseases, vasculitis, iatrogenic, and diseases of unknown cause. Many of these lesions can result in midline destruction and result in facial deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T Montone
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 Founders, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Virginia A LiVolsi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, 6 Founders, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Stachler RJ. Comorbidities of asthma and the unified airway. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2016; 5 Suppl 1:S17-22. [PMID: 26335831 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a comorbid condition that may be seen by otolaryngic allergists when treating their patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Often asthma is overlooked when aggressive treatment could prevent the development or progression of early disease. METHODS This article is a retrospective review of the current literature on asthma as a comorbidity of the unified airway. The unified airway and asthma are clearly defined. The epidemiology, morbidity, mortality, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and the chronicity of asthma are reviewed. RESULTS The otolaryngic allergist will become familiar the unified airway concept and the close relationships between AR, chronic rhinosinusitis, and asthma. CONCLUSION Otolaryngologists should be aware of the unified airway in order to most effectively treat their patients with AR. Knowledge of the close relationships between asthma and AR will help prevent progression of disease, identify early asthma, and improve the outcomes and quality of life for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Stachler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Henry Ford Medical Group, Detroit, MI
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Narayanankutty A, Palma-Lara I, Pavón-Romero G, Pérez-Rubio G, Camarena Á, Teran LM, Falfán-Valencia R. Association of TRPM3 Polymorphism (rs10780946) and Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD). Lung 2016; 194:273-9. [PMID: 26891941 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) refers to the combination of asthma rhinosinusitis and poliposis; ingestion of aspirin or other non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs exacerbate asthma-like symptoms. The pathogenesis of AERD is unknown, and genetic and environmental factors contribute to the disease. Our objective is identifying polymorphisms associated with susceptibility in a Mexican mestizo population. METHODS Primarily we performed custom Illumina goldengate array-based genotyping of 1512 SNPs, carefully selected from a variety of acute/chronic inflammatory lung conditions previously reported. Four SNPs in TRPM3 gene showed the lowest p-values (rs10780946, rs7025694, rs1889915, and rs7047645). We further selected rs10780946 and rs7025694 for validation using Taqman genotyping (n = 743; 288 AERD, 272 ATA, and 183 HC). RESULTS rs10780946 showed association when compared between AERD and ATA groups under co-dominant (p = 0.006), dominant (p = 0.002), overdominant (p = 0.01), and log-additive (p = 0.03) genetic models. AERD showed increased heterozygous TC (rs10780946-rs7025694) haplotype compared to ATA and HC (p < 0.05). We could not confirm any association between rs7025694 and AERD. CONCLUSION rs10780946 TRPM3 polymorphism is associated with AERD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Narayanankutty
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunolgy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
| | - Icela Palma-Lara
- Laboratorio de Morfología Celular y Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Miguel Hidalgo, 11340, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria #3000, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
| | - Gandhi Pavón-Romero
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunolgy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
| | - Gloria Pérez-Rubio
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
| | - Ángel Camarena
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico, D. F., Mexico
| | - Luis M Teran
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunolgy, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico, D. F., Mexico.
- Biomedicine In the Post-Genomic Era, Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico, D. F., Mexico.
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- Laboratorio HLA, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Tlalpan 4502, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico, D. F., Mexico.
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Kong SK, Soo Kim B, Gi Uhm T, Soo Chang H, Sook Park J, Woo Park S, Park CS, Chung IY. Aspirin induces IL-4 production: augmented IL-4 production in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e202. [PMID: 27534531 PMCID: PMC4686698 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin hypersensitivity is a hallmark of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a clinical syndrome characterized by the severe inflammation of the respiratory tract after ingestion of cyclooxygenase-1 inhibitors. We investigated the capacity of aspirin to induce interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in inflammatory cells relevant to AERD pathogenesis and examined the associated biochemical and molecular pathways. We also compared IL-4 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with AERD vs aspirin-tolerant asthma (ATA) upon exposure to aspirin. Aspirin induced IL-4 expression and activated the IL-4 promoter in a report assay. The capacity of aspirin to induce IL-4 expression correlated with its activity to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases, to form DNA-protein complexes on P elements in the IL-4 promoter and to synthesize nuclear factor of activated T cells, critical transcription factors for IL-4 transcription. Of clinical importance, aspirin upregulated IL-4 production twice as much in PBMCs from patients with AERD compared with PBMCs from patients with ATA. Our results suggest that IL-4 is an inflammatory component mediating intolerance reactions to aspirin, and thus is crucial for AERD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Kang Kong
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gi Uhm
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Soo Chang
- Soonchunhyang Medical Science Research Institute, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 22, Soonchunhyang-ro, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Sik Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yup Chung
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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12
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Calkovska A, Uhliarova B, Joskova M, Franova S, Kolomaznik M, Calkovsky V, Smolarova S. Pulmonary surfactant in the airway physiology: a direct relaxing effect on the smooth muscle. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2015; 209:95-105. [PMID: 25583659 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Beside alveoli, surface active material plays an important role in the airway physiology. In the upper airways it primarily serves in local defense. Lower airway surfactant stabilizes peripheral airways, provides the transport and defense, has barrier and anti-edematous functions, and possesses direct relaxant effect on the smooth muscle. We tested in vitro the effect of two surfactant preparations Curosurf® and Alveofact® on the precontracted smooth muscle of intra- and extra-pulmonary airways. Relaxation was more pronounced for lung tissue strip containing bronchial smooth muscle as the primary site of surfactant effect. The study does not confirm the participation of ATP-dependent potassium channels and cAMP-regulated epithelial chloride channels known as CFTR chloride channels, or nitric oxide involvement in contractile response of smooth muscle to surfactant.By controlling wall thickness and airway diameter, pulmonary surfactant is an important component of airway physiology. Thus, surfactant dysfunction may be included in pathophysiology of asthma, COPD, or other diseases with bronchial obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calkovska
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - B Uhliarova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, FD Roosevelt Faculty Hospital, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia.
| | - M Joskova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - S Franova
- Department of Pharmacology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - M Kolomaznik
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - V Calkovsky
- Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin, Slovakia.
| | - S Smolarova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
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13
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Montone KT. The molecular genetics of inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases of the sinonasal tract: a review. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2014; 138:745-53. [PMID: 24878014 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0038-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory disease processes that are often multifactorial in their etiology but commonly have a molecular genetic component. OBJECTIVE To review the molecular genetics of a variety of nonneoplastic inflammatory diseases of the sinonasal tract. DATA SOURCES Inflammatory lesions of the sinonasal tract can be divided into 3 main categories: (1) chronic rhinosinusitis, (2) infectious diseases, and (3) autoimmune diseases/vasculitides. The molecular diagnosis and pathways of a variety of these inflammatory lesions are currently being elucidated and will shed light on disease pathogenesis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS The sinonasal tract is frequently affected by inflammatory lesions that arise through complex interactions of environmental, infectious, and genetic factors. Because these lesions are all inflammatory in nature, the molecular pathology surrounding them is most commonly due to upregulation and down-regulation of genes that affect inflammatory responses and immune regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T Montone
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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14
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Shi M, Shi G, Tang J, Kong D, Bao Y, Xiao B, Zuo C, Wang T, Wang Q, Shen Y, Wang H, Funk CD, Zhou J, Yu Y. Myeloid-derived suppressor cell function is diminished in aspirin-triggered allergic airway hyperresponsiveness in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:1163-74.e16. [PMID: 24948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, but their regulation in patients with aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize MDSC accumulation and pathogenic functions in allergic airway inflammation mediated by COX-1 deficiency or aspirin treatment in mice. METHODS Allergic airway inflammation was induced in mice by means of ovalbumin challenge. The distribution and function of MDSCs in mice were analyzed by using flow cytometry and pharmacologic/gene manipulation approaches. RESULTS CD11b(+)Gr1(high)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(int) MDSCs (polymorphonuclear MDSCs [PMN-MDSCs]) recruited to the lungs are negatively correlated with airway inflammation in allergen-challenged mice. Aspirin-treated and COX-1 knockout (KO) mice showed significantly lower accumulation of PMN-MDSCs in the inflamed lung and immune organs accompanied by increased TH2 airway responses. The TH2-suppressive function of PMN-MDSCs was notably impaired by COX-1 deletion or inhibition, predominantly through downregulation of arginase-1. COX-1-derived prostaglandin E2 promoted PMN-MDSC generation in bone marrow through E prostanoid 2 and 4 receptors (EP2 and EP4), whereas the impaired arginase-1 expression in PMN-MDSCs in COX-1 KO mice was mediated by dysregulation of the prostaglandin E2/EP4/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A pathway. EP4 agonist administration alleviated allergy-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in COX-1 KO mice. Moreover, the immunosuppressive function of PMN-MDSCs from patients with AIA was dramatically decreased compared with that from patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma. CONCLUSION The immunosuppressive activity of PMN-MDSCs was diminished in both allergen-challenged COX-1 KO mice and patients with AIA, probably through an EP4-mediated signaling pathway, indicating that activation of PMN-MDSCs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for asthma, particularly AIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guochao Shi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Deping Kong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Bao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caojian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Colin D Funk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Chinese Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.
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15
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Aspirin-intolerant asthma: a comprehensive review of biomarkers and pathophysiology. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014. [PMID: 23184151 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-012-8340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is a tetrad of nasal polyps, chronic hypertrophic eosinophilic sinusitis, asthma, and sensitivity to aspirin. Unawareness of this clinical condition by patients and physicians may have grave consequences because of its association with near-fatal asthma. The pathogenesis of aspirin-intolerant asthma is not related with an immunoglobin E mechanism, but with an abnormal metabolism of the lipoxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. At present, a diagnosis of aspirin sensitivity can be established only by provocative aspirin challenge, which represents a health risk for the patient. This circumstance has encouraged the search for aspirin intolerance-specific biomarkers. Major attempts have focused on mediators related with inflammation and eicosanoid regulation. The use of modern laboratory techniques including high-throughput methods has facilitated the detection of dozens of biological metabolites associated with aspirin-intolerant asthma disease. Not surprisingly, the majority of these is implicated in the LO and COX pathways. However, substantial amounts of data reveal the participation of many genes deriving from different ontologies. Biomarkers may represent a powerful, noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of aspirin sensitivity; moreover, they could provide a new way to classify asthma phenotypes.
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16
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Lu Y, Li S, Song L, Jin H, Li Y, Zhong N, Zhang X. Low prevalence of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Chinese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014; 271:2711-5. [PMID: 24522965 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-2929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The exact prevalence of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remains unclear in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) because many of these patients routinely avoid the use of NSAIDs. Since the diagnosis of aspirin hypersensitivity is based mainly on history, the aspirin challenge protocol is seldom used clinically in China. The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of NSAID hypersensitivity in Chinese patients diagnosed with CRS. In a unique cohort study, consecutive CRS patients received intramuscular diclofenac sodium injection or diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets to relieve intraoperative and postoperative pain following nasal surgery. In addition, data on NSAID hypersensitivity in large-sample series of CRS patients were collected by searching relevant literature published in Chinese to determine the prevalence of NSAID hypersensitivity in Chinese patients with CRS. A total of 244 consecutive CRS patients were included in this study. Three (1.34%) patients experienced a severe asthmatic attack after intramuscular diclofenac sodium injection and were diagnosed with NSAID hypersensitivity. Despite the use of different methods to diagnose NSAID hypersensitivity, the prevalence of NSAID hypersensitivity in Chinese CRS patients was between 0.28 and 1.46%. The prevalence of NSAID hypersensitivity in Chinese patients with CRS is low, which is a distinct clinical characteristic of Chinese CRS patients. Despite the apparently low prevalence of the condition in this population, a large number of patients in China are affected by this disorder, which should not be overlooked or regarded with an indifferent attitude in medical research and clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshen Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151# Yanjiangxi Road, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease is a clinical syndrome characterized by severe, persistent asthma, hyperplastic eosinophilic sinusitis with nasal polyps, and reactions to aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs that preferentially inhibit cyclooxygenase 1. The mechanisms behind the therapeutic effects of aspirin desensitization remain poorly understood. Recent studies suggest that the clinical benefits may occur through direct inhibition of tyrosine kinases and the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling pathway, which results in inhibition of interleukin 4 production. In this article, the current understanding of the mechanisms of aspirin desensitization is reviewed and future areas of investigation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trever Burnett
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80206, USA
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18
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Aydin Ö, Çelik GE, Önen ZP, Yilmaz İ, Özdemir SK, Yildiz Ö, Mungan D, Demirel YS. Triggers of asthma and COPD: are they different? Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2013; 41:30-6. [PMID: 21968007 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2011.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma symptoms can be triggered by a variety of factors commonly referred to as "triggers". Some of these factors can also induce severe asthma exacerbations. Thus, it can be assumed that actions taken against such triggers may prevent the progression of the disease. However, limited data exist on the clinical importance of these triggers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of triggers on symptoms and actions taken against certain modifiable triggers in patients with asthma and COPD. METHODS The study was conducted in a university hospital between June 2009 and June 2010. Patients with asthma and COPD were asked to complete a questionnaire in which both the factors triggering symptoms and the actions taken against several triggers were assessed. RESULTS Three hundred consecutive adult patients (150 asthma, 150 COPD) were enrolled to the study. The frequency of triggering factors was similar in both groups. Vaccination rates for influenza and pneumococcus were significantly higher in patients with COPD. However, such anti-allergic approaches as the use of strategies to decrease dust exposure, the use of anti-mite bed sheets, and the removal of pets from the home were more commonly employed by asthmatic patients. CONCLUSION This study revealed that certain triggers affected COPD and asthma patients to the same degree. Therefore, triggers and strategies for controlling modifiable triggers should be more concentrated on during education in both groups. However, the preventive effect of these strategies on disease progression, particularly in patients with COPD, needs clarification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ö Aydin
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, 06100 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - G E Çelik
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, 06100 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Z P Önen
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İ Yilmaz
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, 06100 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - S K Özdemir
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, 06100 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ö Yildiz
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara, Turkey
| | - D Mungan
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, 06100 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y S Demirel
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Division of Immunology and Allergy, 06100 Dikimevi, Ankara, Turkey
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Liang Y, Yeligar SM, Brown LAS. Exhaled breath condensate: a promising source for biomarkers of lung disease. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:217518. [PMID: 23365513 PMCID: PMC3539342 DOI: 10.1100/2012/217518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) has been increasingly studied as a noninvasive research method for sampling the alveolar and airway space and is recognized as a promising source of biomarkers of lung diseases. Substances measured in EBC include oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators, such as arachidonic acid derivatives, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and inflammatory cytokines. Although EBC has great potential as a source of biomarkers in many lung diseases, the low concentrations of compounds within the EBC present challenges in sample collection and analysis. Although EBC is viewed as a noninvasive method for sampling airway lining fluid (ALF), validation is necessary to confirm that EBC truly represents the ALF. Likewise, a dilution factor for the EBC is needed in order to compare across subjects and determine changes in the ALF. The aims of this paper are to address the characteristics of EBC; strategies to standardize EBC sample collection and review available analytical techniques for EBC analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Emory+Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Samantha M. Yeligar
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Emory+Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans' Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Lou Ann S. Brown
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University and Emory+Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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20
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Li H, Edin ML, Gruzdev A, Cheng J, Bradbury JA, Graves JP, DeGraff LM, Zeldin DC. Regulation of T helper cell subsets by cyclooxygenases and their metabolites. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2012. [PMID: 23201570 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases and their metabolites are important regulators of inflammatory responses and play critical roles in regulating the differentiation of T helper cell subsets in inflammatory diseases. In this review, we highlight new information on regulation of T helper cell subsets by cyclooxygenases and their metabolites. Prostanoids influence cytokine production by both antigen presenting cells and T cells to regulate the differentiation of naïve CD4(+) T cells to Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell phenotypes. Cyclooxygenases and PGE2 generally exacerbate Th2 and Th17 phenotypes, while suppressing Th1 differentiation. Thus, cycloxygenases may play a critical role in diseases that involve immune cell dysfunction. Targeting of cyclooxygenases and their eicosanoid products may represent a new approach for treatment of inflammatory diseases, tumors and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Biology, Division of Intramural Research, NIEHS/NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Genetics of hypersensitivity to aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2012; 33:177-94. [PMID: 23639707 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Various hypersensitivity reactions have been reported with aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Hypersensitivity can occur regardless of a chemical drug structure or its therapeutic potency. Allergic conditions include aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD or aspirin-induced asthma), aspirin-induced urticaria/angioedema (AIU), and anaphylaxis. Several genetic studies on aspirin hypersensitivity have been performed to discover the genetic predisposition to aspirin hypersensitivity and to gain insight into the phenotypic diversity. This article updates data on the genetic mechanisms that govern AERD and AIU and summarizes recent findings on the molecular genetic mechanism of aspirin hypersensitivity.
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Choi H, Mascuch SJ, Villa FA, Byrum T, Teasdale ME, Smith JE, Preskitt LB, Rowley DC, Gerwick L, Gerwick WH. Honaucins A-C, potent inhibitors of inflammation and bacterial quorum sensing: synthetic derivatives and structure-activity relationships. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:589-98. [PMID: 22633410 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Honaucins A-C were isolated from the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya crossbyana which was found overgrowing corals on the Hawaiian coast. Honaucin A consists of (S)-3-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone and 4-chlorocrotonic acid, which are connected via an ester linkage. Honaucin A and its two natural analogs exhibit potent inhibition of both bioluminescence, a quorum-sensing-dependent phenotype, in Vibrio harveyi BB120 and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The decrease in nitric oxide production was accompanied by a decrease in the transcripts of several proinflammatory cytokines, most dramatically interleukin-1β. Synthesis of honaucin A, as well as a number of analogs, and subsequent evaluation in anti-inflammation and quorum-sensing inhibition bioassays revealed the essential structural features for activity in this chemical class and provided analogs with greater potency in both assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyukjae Choi
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease. J Allergy (Cairo) 2012; 2012:473863. [PMID: 22927868 PMCID: PMC3426245 DOI: 10.1155/2012/473863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Corrigan CJ, Napoli RL, Meng Q, Fang C, Wu H, Tochiki K, Reay V, Lee TH, Ying S. Reduced expression of the prostaglandin E2 receptor E-prostanoid 2 on bronchial mucosal leukocytes in patients with aspirin-sensitive asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1636-46. [PMID: 22418066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of aspirin-sensitive asthma (ASA). OBJECTIVE We sought to extend our previous observations implicating impaired inflammatory cell responsiveness to PGE(2) as a pathogenetic mechanism in patients with aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis to the bronchial mucosa in patients with ASA. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to enumerate inflammatory cells and their expression of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors 1 and 2 (CysLT(1) and CysLT(2)) and the PGE(2) receptors E-prostanoid 1 to 4 (EP(1)-EP(4)) in bronchial biopsy specimens from patients with ASA, patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma, and control subjects (n= 15 in each group). Concentrations of PGE(2) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were measured by using ELISA. The effects of PGE(2) and EP receptor agonists on CD3/CD28-stimulated cytokine production by PBMCs were measured by using ELISA. Airways responsiveness to LTD(4)in vivo was measured in asthmatic patients by means of bronchial challenge. RESULTS Compared with patients with aspirin-tolerant asthma, patients with ASA had increased bronchial mucosal neutrophil and eosinophil numbers but reduced percentages of T cells, macrophages, mast cells, and neutrophils expressing EP(2). Both groups showed increased bronchial sensitivity to inhaled LTD(4), but this did not correlate with mucosal expression of CysLT(1) or CysLT(2). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid PGE(2) concentrations were comparable in all groups. In vitro PGE(2) inhibited cytokine production by PBMCs through EP(2) but not other PGE(2) receptors. CONCLUSION Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that impaired inhibition of inflammatory leukocytes by PGE(2) acting through the EP(2) receptor has a role in the pathogenesis of ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Corrigan
- Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King's College London, MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom
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Surfactant and its Role in the Upper Respiratory System and Eustachian Tube. ACTA MEDICA MARTINIANA 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10201-011-0028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Interleukin-13, but not indomethacin, increases cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in human lung macrophages. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2012:348741. [PMID: 22121385 PMCID: PMC3205618 DOI: 10.1155/2012/348741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is associated with constitutively elevated synthesis of bronchoconstrictor cysteinyl-leukotrienes, associated with increased expression of leukotriene (LT)C(4) synthase and Th2 cytokines and airway eosinophilia. We examined whether interleukin-13 can increase LTC(4) synthase gene transcription and cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in macrophages isolated from resected human lung tissue and whether an NSAID (indomethacin) can trigger further cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in these cells. Overnight culture of human lung macrophages with IL-13 (10 ng/mL) increased spontaneous and ionophore-stimulated production of cysteinyl-leukotrienes by 42% (P = 0.02) and 52% (P = 0.005), respectively, as quantified by enzyme immunoassays, but PCR gene transcription assays did not demonstrate an effect on LTC4S mRNA. The addition of indomethacin (100 μM) did not modulate cysteinyl-leukotriene production in either IL-13-treated or untreated macrophages. We conclude that while IL-13 enhances cysteinyl-leukotriene synthesis in human lung macrophages, it does not replicate the enhanced LTC(4) synthase expression observed in the AERD lung nor confer sensitivity to NSAIDs.
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Genetic association analysis of TAP1 and TAP2 polymorphisms with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease and its FEV1 decline. J Hum Genet 2011; 56:652-9. [PMID: 21796142 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2011.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) induces bronchoconstriction in asthmatic patients characterized with a clinical condition of severe decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after ingestion of aspirin. Two genes consisting a heterodimer, transporter 1 and 2, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP) (TAP1 and TAP2) within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, have been implicated in immunodeficiency and bronchiectasis development. To investigate the associations of TAP1 and TAP2 genetic polymorphisms with AERD and phenotypic FEV1 decline, a total of 43 common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including 12 SNPs of TAP1 and 31 SNPs of TAP2 were genotyped in 93 AERD patients and 96 aspirin-tolerant asthma controls. Interestingly, regression analysis revealed that polymorphisms and haplotypes of TAP2 were associated with FEV1 decline by aspirin provocation (P=0.002-0.04), with about twofold decline rate of FEV1 in most of minor homozygotes compared with major homozygotes. In addition, nominal evidences of association between TAP2 and AERD development were observed (P=0.02-0.04). However, TAP1 polymorphisms showed no relations to both AERD and FEV1 decline after aspirin challenge (P>0.05). Although further functional evaluations and replications are required, our preliminary findings provide supporting information that variants of TAP2 might be predisposing factors for FEV1 decline-related symptoms.
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Marple BF. Allergic rhinitis and inflammatory airway disease: interactions within the unified airspace. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2011; 24:249-54. [PMID: 20819460 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2010.24.3499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR), the most common chronic allergic condition in outpatient medicine, is associated with immense health care costs and socioeconomic consequences. AR's impact may be partly from interacting of respiratory conditions via allergic inflammation. This study was designed to review potential interactive mechanisms of AR and associated conditions and consider the relevance of a bidirectional "unified airway" respiratory inflammation model on diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory airway disease. METHODS MEDLINE was searched for pathophysiology and pathophysiological and epidemiologic links between AR and diseases of the sinuses, lungs, middle ear, and nasopharynx. RESULTS Allergic-related inflammatory responses or neural and systemic processes fostering inflammatory changes distant from initial allergen provocation may link AR and comorbidities. Treating AR may benefit associated respiratory tract comorbidities. Besides improving AR outcomes, treatment inhibiting eosinophil recruitment and migration, normalizing cytokine profiles, and reducing asthma-associated health care use in atopic subjects would likely ameliorate other upper airway diseases such as acute rhinosinusitis, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyposis (NP), adenoidal hypertrophy, and otitis media with effusion. CONCLUSION Epidemiological concordance of AR with several airway diseases conforms to a bidirectional "unified airway" respiratory inflammation model based on anatomic and histological upper and lower airway connections. Epidemiology and current understanding of inflammatory, humoral, and neural processes make links between AR and disorders including asthma, otitis media, NP, and CRS plausible. Combining AR with associated conditions increases disease burden; worsened associated illness may accompany worsened AR. AR pharmacotherapies include antihistamines, leukotriene antagonists, intranasal corticosteroids, and immunotherapy; treatments attenuating proinflammatory responses may also benefit associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley F Marple
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390-9035, USA.
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Roca-Ferrer J, Garcia-Garcia FJ, Pereda J, Perez-Gonzalez M, Pujols L, Alobid I, Mullol J, Picado C. Reduced expression of COXs and production of prostaglandin E(2) in patients with nasal polyps with or without aspirin-intolerant asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 128:66-72.e1. [PMID: 21397936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have debated whether regulation of the COX enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2), which mediate production of prostaglandins (PGs), affects the pathogenesis of nasal polyps (NPs) and aspirin-intolerant asthma (AIA). OBJECTIVE We investigated the roles of PGE(2), COX-1 and COX-2, and PGE(2) receptors in the development of NPs and AIA by measuring their expression in fibroblasts derived from nasal mucosa (NM) and NPs. METHODS Fibroblasts were isolated from the NM of subjects without asthma who had septal deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or both (control subjects, n = 7); NPs of aspirin-tolerant nonasthmatic patients (n = 7); and NPs of patients with asthma who were intolerant of aspirin (n = 7). Polyp samples were collected during endoscopic surgery. Cultures were stimulated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 72 hours. We used ELISA, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence analyses to measure secretion of PGE(2), expression of COX-1 and COX-2, and expression of the PGE(2) receptors EP1 to EP4. RESULTS Compared with NM from control subjects, PGE(2) concentrations were significantly lower in IL-1β-stimulated fibroblasts from patients with NPs who were tolerant to aspirin and even lower in polyps from patients with AIA. Similarly, IL-1β exposure induced the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in fibroblasts from NM of control subjects, had only moderate effects on fibroblasts from NPs of aspirin-tolerant nonasthmatic patients, and almost no effect on fibroblasts from NPs of patients with AIA. IL-1β also induced expression of EP2 in fibroblasts from control NM but not in fibroblasts from NPs of aspirin-tolerant nonasthmatic patients or those with AIA. CONCLUSION Alterations in the COX pathway (ie, reduced production of PGE(2) and lack of upregulation of COX-1, COX-2, and EP2 under conditions of inflammation) are associated with NPs in patients with or without AIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Roca-Ferrer
- Immunoallèrgia Respiratòria Clínica i Experimental, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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Esser J, Gehrmann U, Salvado MD, Wetterholm A, Haeggström JZ, Samuelsson B, Gabrielsson S, Scheynius A, Rådmark O. Zymosan suppresses leukotriene C₄ synthase activity in differentiating monocytes: antagonism by aspirin and protein kinase inhibitors. FASEB J 2011; 25:1417-27. [PMID: 21228223 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-175828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are potent proinflammatory mediators with particular relevance for asthma. However, control of cysLT biosynthesis in the time period after onset of acute inflammation has not been extensively studied. As a model for later phases of inflammation, we investigated regulation of leukotriene (LT) C(4) synthase (LTC(4)S) in differentiating monocytes, exposed for several days to fungal zymosan. Incubations with LTA(4) revealed 20-fold increased LTC(4)S activity during differentiation of monocytic Mono Mac 6 (MM6) cells, which was reduced by 80% in the presence of zymosan (25 μg/ml, 96 h). Zymosan (48 h) similarly attenuated LTC(4)S activity of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. Several findings indicate phosphoregulation of LTC(4)S: increased activity during MM6 cell differentiation correlated with reduced phosphorylation of 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), which could phosphorylate purified LTC(4)S; the p70S6K inhibitor rapamycin (20 nM) doubled LTC(4)S activity of undifferentiated MM6 cells, and protein kinase A and C inhibitors (H-89, CGP-53353, and staurosporine) reversed the zymosan-induced suppression of LTC(4)S activity. Finally, zymosan (48 h) up-regulated PGE(2) biosynthesis, and aspirin (10 μM) or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) receptor antagonists counteracted the zymosan effect. Our results suggest a late PGE(2)-mediated phosphoregulation of LTC(4)S during microbial exposure, which may contribute to resolution of inflammation, with implications for aspirin hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Esser
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the lung are common, cause significant morbidity, and can be refractory to therapy. Airway responses to injury, noxious stimuli, or microbes lead to leukocyte recruitment for host defense. As leukocytes respond, they interact with lung resident cells and can elaborate specific mediators that are enzymatically generated from polyunsaturated fatty acids via transcellular biosynthesis. These bioactive, lipid-derived, small molecules serve as agonists at specific receptors and are rapidly inactivated in the local environment. This review will focus on the biosynthesis, receptors, cellular responses, and in vivo actions of lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins as exemplary molecular signaling circuits in the airway that are anti-inflammatory and proresolving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy Carlo
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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Lee TH, Woszczek G, Farooque SP. Leukotriene E4: perspective on the forgotten mediator. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 124:417-21. [PMID: 19482346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene (LT) E(4) mediates many of the principal features of bronchial asthma, such as bronchial constriction, hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilia, and increased vascular permeability. Furthermore, it is the most stable of the cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) and can be active at the site of release for a prolonged time after its synthesis. There might be several reasons why LTE(4) has been forgotten. LTE(4) demonstrated low affinity for CysLT(1) and CysLT(2) receptors in equilibrium competition assays. It was less potent than other CysLTs in functional assays, such as calcium flux, in cells transfected with CysLT(1) and CysLT(2). The introduction of CysLT(1) antagonists into clinical practice diverted interest into CysLT(1)-related mechanisms, which were mediated mainly by LTD(4). However, experiments with animal models and human studies have revealed that LTE(4) has unique characteristics that cannot be explained by the current knowledge of CysLT(1) and CysLT(2). These activities include its potency relative to other CysLTs to increase airway responsiveness to histamine, to enhance eosinophilic recruitment, and to increase vascular permeability. Asthmatic airways also demonstrate marked in vivo relative hyperresponsiveness to LTE(4), especially in patients with aspirin-sensitive respiratory disease. This has stimulated a search for additional LT receptors that would respond preferentially to LTE(4) stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak H Lee
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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