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Zhu J, Meganathan I, MacAruthur R, Kassiri Z. Inflammation in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: cause or co-morbidity? Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00926-7. [PMID: 39181326 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.08.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm is a potentially deadly disease. It is chronic degeneration of the aortic wall that involves an inflammatory response and the immune system, aberrant remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and maladaptive transformation of the aortic cells. This review article focuses on the role of the inflammatory cells in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Studies in human aneurysmal specimens and animal models have identified various inflammatory cell types that could contribute to aneurysm formation and or expansion. These include the commonly studied leukocytes (neutrophils and macrophages) as well as the less commonly explored natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T- and B-cells. Despite the well-demonstrated contribution of inflammatory cells and the related signaling pathways to aneurysm development and expansion, anti-inflammatory therapy approaches have demonstrated limitations and may require additional considerations, such as a combinational approach in targeting multiple pathways for significant beneficial outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Ilamaran Meganathan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roderick MacAruthur
- Department of Cardiac surgery, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Lapusan R, Borlan R, Focsan M. Advancing MRI with magnetic nanoparticles: a comprehensive review of translational research and clinical trials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:2234-2259. [PMID: 38694462 PMCID: PMC11059564 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01064c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The nexus of advanced technology and medical therapeutics has ushered in a transformative epoch in contemporary medicine. Within this arena, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) emerges as a paramount tool, intertwining the advancements of technology with the art of healing. MRI's pivotal role is evident in its broad applicability, spanning from neurological diseases, soft-tissue and tumour characterization, to many more applications. Though already foundational, aspirations remain to further enhance MRI's capabilities. A significant avenue under exploration is the incorporation of innovative nanotechnological contrast agents. Forefront among these are Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs), recognized for their adaptability and safety profile. SPION's intrinsic malleability allows them to be tailored for improved biocompatibility, while their functionality is further broadened when equipped with specific targeting molecules. Yet, the path to optimization is not devoid of challenges, from renal clearance concerns to potential side effects stemming from iron overload. This review endeavors to map the intricate journey of SPIONs as MRI contrast agents, offering a chronological perspective of their evolution and deployment. We provide an in-depth current outline of the most representative and impactful pre-clinical and clinical studies centered on the integration of SPIONs in MRI, tracing their trajectory from foundational research to contemporary applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Lapusan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Raluca Borlan
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Monica Focsan
- Biomolecular Physics Department, Faculty of Physics, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
- Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca Romania
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3
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Aalbregt E, Rijken L, Nederveen A, van Ooij P, Yeung KK, Jongkind V. Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess Progression and Rupture Risk of Aortic Aneurysms: A Scoping Review. J Endovasc Ther 2023:15266028231204830. [PMID: 37853734 DOI: 10.1177/15266028231204830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In current practice, the diameter of an aortic aneurysm is utilized to estimate the rupture risk and decide upon timing of elective repair, although it is known to be imprecise and not patient-specific. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the visualization of several biomarkers that provide information about processes within the aneurysm and may therefore facilitate patient-specific risk stratification. We performed a scoping review of the literature on quantitative MRI techniques to assess aortic aneurysm progression and rupture risk, summarized these findings, and identified knowledge gaps. METHODS Literature concerning primary research was of interest and the medical databases PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane were systematically searched. This study used the PRISMA protocol extension for scoping reviews. Articles published between January 2010 and February 2023 involving animals and/or humans were included. Data were extracted by 2 authors using a predefined charting method. RESULTS A total of 1641 articles were identified, of which 21 were included in the scoping review. Quantitative MRI-derived biomarkers were categorized into hemodynamic (8 studies), wall (5 studies) and molecular biomarkers (8 studies). Fifteen studies included patients and/or healthy human subjects. Animal models were investigated in the other 6 studies. A cross-sectional study design was the most common, whereas 5 animal studies had a longitudinal component and 2 studies including patients had a prospective design. A promising hemodynamic biomarker is wall shear stress (WSS), which is estimated based on 4D-flow MRI. Molecular biomarkers enable the assessment of inflammatory and wall deterioration processes. The ADAMTS4-specific molecular magnetic resonance (MR) probe showed potential to predict abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation and rupture in a murine model. Wall biomarkers assessed using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI showed great potential for assessing AAA progression independent of the maximum diameter. CONCLUSION This scoping review provides an overview of quantitative MRI techniques studied and the biomarkers derived from them to assess aortic aneurysm progression and rupture risk. Longitudinal studies are needed to validate the causal relationships between the identified biomarkers and aneurysm growth, rupture, or repair. In the future, quantitative MRI could play an important role in the personalized risk assessment of aortic aneurysm rupture. CLINICAL IMPACT The currently used maximum aneurysm diameter fails to accurately assess the multifactorial pathology of an aortic aneurysm and precisely predicts rupture in a patient-specific manner. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables the detection of various quantitative parameters involved in aneurysm progression and subsequent rupture. This scoping review provides an overview of the studied quantitative MRI techniques, the biomarkers derived from them, and recommendations for future research needed for the implementation of these biomarkers. Ultimately, quantitative MRI could facilitate personalized risk assessment for patients with aortic aneurysms, thereby reducing untimely repairs and improving rupture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Aalbregt
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Rijken
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart Nederveen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van Ooij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kak Khee Yeung
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Jongkind
- Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jalili MH, Yu T, Hassani C, Prosper AE, Finn JP, Bedayat A. Contrast-enhanced MR Angiography without Gadolinium-based Contrast Material: Clinical Applications Using Ferumoxytol. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2022; 4:e210323. [PMID: 36059381 PMCID: PMC9434982 DOI: 10.1148/ryct.210323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Vascular imaging can be challenging because of the wide variability of contrast dynamics in different vascular territories and potential safety concerns in patients with renal insufficiency or allergies. Off-label diagnostic use of ferumoxytol, a superparamagnetic iron nanoparticle approved for therapy, is a promising alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR angiography (MRA). Ferumoxytol has exhibited a reassuring safety profile when used within the dose range recommended for diagnostic imaging. Because of its prolonged and stable intravascular residence, ferumoxytol can be used in its steady-state distribution for a wide variety of imaging indications, including some where conventional MRA is unreliable. In this article, authors discuss some of the major vascular applications of ferumoxytol and highlight how it may be used to provide highly diagnostic images and improve the quality, workflow, and reliability of vascular imaging. Keywords: MR Angiography, MRI Contrast Agent, Cardiac, Vascular © RSNA, 2022.
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Lu S, Wang R, Fu W, Si Y. Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:927542. [PMID: 35711380 PMCID: PMC9194528 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.927542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized expansion of the abdominal aorta which can lead to lethal complication as the rupture of aortic wall. Currently there is still neither competent method to predict the impending rupture of aneurysm, nor effective treatment to arrest the progression of small and asymptomatic aneurysms. Accumulating evidence has confirmed the crucial role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathological course of AAA, acting as important mediators of intercellular communication. Given the advantages of intrinsic targeting properties, lower toxicity and fair stability, EVs show great potential to serve as biomarkers, therapeutic agents and drug delivery carriers. However, EV therapies still face several major challenges before they can be applied clinically, including off-target effect, low accumulation rate and rapid clearance by mononuclear phagocyte system. In this review, we first illustrate the roles of EV in the pathological process of AAA and evaluate its possible clinical applications. We also identify present challenges for EV applications, highlight different strategies of EV engineering and constructions of EV-like nanoparticles, including EV display technology and membrane hybrid technology. These leading-edge techniques have been recently employed in multiple cardiovascular diseases and their promising application in the field of AAA is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihan Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Weiguo Fu
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Vascular Surgery Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Si
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Yodsanit N, Wang B, Zhao Y, Guo LW, Kent KC, Gong S. Recent progress on nanoparticles for targeted aneurysm treatment and imaging. Biomaterials 2020; 265:120406. [PMID: 32979792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation of the aorta that plagues millions. Its rupture incurs high mortality rates (~80-90%), pressing an urgent need for therapeutic methods to prevent this deadly outcome. Judiciously designed nanoparticles (NPs) have displayed a unique potential to fulfill this need. Aneurysms feature excessive inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. As such, typically inflammatory cells and exposed ECM proteins have been targeted with NPs for therapeutic, diagnostic, or theranostic purposes in experimental models. NPs have been used not only for encapsulation and delivery of drugs and biomolecules in preclinical tests, but also for enhanced imaging to monitor aneurysm progression in patients. Moreover, they can be readily modified with various molecules to improve lesion targeting, detectability, biocompatibility, and circulation time. This review updates on the progress, limitations, and prospects of NP applications in the context of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisakorn Yodsanit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - K Craig Kent
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA; Department of Material Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA.
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7
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Red Blood Cells and Hemoglobin in Human Atherosclerosis and Related Arterial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186756. [PMID: 32942605 PMCID: PMC7554753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As the main particulate component of the circulating blood, RBCs play major roles in physiological hemodynamics and impact all arterial wall pathologies. RBCs are the main determinant of blood viscosity, defining the frictional forces exerted by the blood on the arterial wall. This function is used in phylogeny and ontogeny of the cardiovascular (CV) system, allowing the acquisition of vasomotricity adapted to local metabolic demands, and systemic arterial pressure after birth. In pathology, RBCs collide with the arterial wall, inducing both local retention of their membranous lipids and local hemolysis, releasing heme-Fe++ with a high toxicity for arterial cells: endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) cardiomyocytes, neurons, etc. Specifically, overloading of cells by Fe++ promotes cell death. This local hemolysis is an event associated with early and advanced stages of human atherosclerosis. Similarly, the permanent renewal of mural RBC clotting is the major support of oxidation in abdominal aortic aneurysm. In parallel, calcifications promote intramural hemorrhages, and hemorrhages promote an osteoblastic phenotypic shift of arterial wall cells. Different plasma or tissue systems are able, at least in part, to limit this injury by acting at the different levels of this system.
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Mangarova DB, Brangsch J, Mohtashamdolatshahi A, Kosch O, Paysen H, Wiekhorst F, Klopfleisch R, Buchholz R, Karst U, Taupitz M, Schnorr J, Hamm B, Makowski MR. Ex vivo magnetic particle imaging of vascular inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm in a murine model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12410. [PMID: 32709967 PMCID: PMC7381631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are currently one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. Inflammation is crucial in the disease progression, having a substantial impact on various determinants in AAAs development. Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an innovative imaging modality, enabling the highly sensitive detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), suitable as surrogate marker for molecular targeting of vascular inflammation. For this study, Apolipoprotein E-deficient-mice underwent surgical implantation of osmotic minipumps with constant Angiotensin II infusion. After 3 and 4 weeks respectively, in-vivo-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ex-vivo-MPI and ex-vivo-magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) were performed. The results were validated by histological analysis, immunohistology and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. MR-angiography enabled the visualization of aneurysmal development and dilatation in the experimental group. A close correlation (R = 0.87) with histological area assessment was measured. Ex-vivo-MPS revealed abundant iron deposits in AAA samples and ex-vivo histopathology measurements were in good agreement (R = 0.76). Ex-vivo-MPI and MPS results correlated greatly (R = 0.99). CD68-immunohistology stain and Perls’-Prussian-Blue-stain confirmed the colocalization of macrophages and MNPs. This study demonstrates the feasibility of ex-vivo-MPI for detecting inflammation in AAA. The quantitative ability for mapping MNPs establishes MPI as a promising tool for monitoring inflammatory progression in AAA in an experimental setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilyana B Mangarova
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, Building 12, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julia Brangsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, Building 21, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Azadeh Mohtashamdolatshahi
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Kosch
- Department 8.2-Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Paysen
- Department 8.2-Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Wiekhorst
- Department 8.2-Biosignals, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Klopfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, Building 12, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca Buchholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Taupitz
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Schnorr
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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9
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Sladojevic M, Zlatanovic P, Stanojevic Z, Koncar I, Vidicevic S, Tasic J, Isakovic A, Tomic I, Mutavdzic P, Stevanovic K, Trailovic R, Davidovic L. Influence of preoperative statins and aspirin administration on biological and magnetic resonance imaging properties in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. VASA 2020; 50:116-124. [PMID: 32669062 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Main objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of statins and/or acetylsalicylic acid on biochemical characteristics of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) wall and intraluminal thrombus (ILT). Patients and methods: Fifty patients with asymptomatic infrarenal AAA were analyzed using magnetic resonance imaging on T1w sequence. Relative ILT signal intensity (SI) was determined as a ratio between ILT and psoas muscle SI. Samples containing the full ILT thickness and aneurysm wall were harvested from the anterior surface at the level of the maximal diameter. The concentration of enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9, MMP2 and neutrophil elastase (NE/ELA) were analyzed in ILT and AAA wall; while collagen type III, elastin and proteoglycan 4 were analyzed in harvested AAA wall. Oxidative stress in the AAA wall was assessed by catalase and malondialdehyde activity in tissue samples. Results: Relative ILT signal intensity (1.09 ± 0.41 vs 0.89 ± 0.21, p = 0.013) were higher in non-statin than in statin group. Patients who were taking aspirin had lower relative ILT area (0.89 ± 0.19 vs 1.13. ± 0.44, p = 0.016), and lower relative ILT signal intensity (0.85 [0.73-1.07] vs 1.01 [0.84-1.19], p = 0.021) compared to non-aspirin group. There were higher concentrations of elastin in AAA wall among patients taking both of aspirin and statins (1.21 [0.77-3.02] vs 0.78 (0.49-1.05) ng/ml, p = 0.044) than in patients who did not take both of these drugs. Conclusions: Relative ILT SI was lower in patients taking statin and aspirin. Combination of antiplatelet therapy and statins was associated with higher elastin concentrations in AAA wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milos Sladojevic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar Zlatanovic
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zeljka Stanojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Koncar
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sasenka Vidicevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Tasic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Isakovic
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Tomic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Perica Mutavdzic
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Stevanovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ranko Trailovic
- Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazar Davidovic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Detection of Macrophage Localization in the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Wall Using Ex Vivo Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 68:344-350. [PMID: 32439528 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages in the aneurysmal wall play an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) is a macrophage-specific contrast agent that results in negative enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). SPIO-enhanced MRI targeting the intraluminal thrombus of AAAs has been previously reported. However, macrophages in the media and adventitia of AAA wall have not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to evaluate macrophage localization using SPIO-enhanced MRI in the media and adventitia of AAA wall, as macrophages play a crucial role in AAA pathogenesis. METHODS Here, we included study and control patients planning to undergo open surgery for AAA. The study patients received SPIO injection 2 days preoperatively (the SPIO group, n = 7), whereas the control patients did not receive this injection (the control group). Ex vivo MRI was performed on the harvested AAA wall in the SPIO group during the surgery. The concordance between the number of macrophages and berlin blue (BB)-stained areas was histologically evaluated in both groups. Moreover, the concordance between regions of interest in MR images and BB-stained areas was evaluated. RESULTS The proportion of BB-stained macrophages was higher in the SPIO group (0.93; interquartile range [IQR], 0.83-0.95) than in the control group (0.03; IQR, 0.026-0.11) (P < 0.05), indicating uptake of SPIO by macrophages in the AAA wall. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of BB-stained macrophages and BB-stained areas using Kendall rank correlation coefficient in the SPIO group (τ = 0.58; P < 0.05). Significant correlations were found in the distributions of the region of interest of SPIO-enhanced MRI and BB-stained areas in the media and adventitia in 5 of 7 patients. CONCLUSIONS Macrophages present in the media and adventitia of the AAA wall showed an uptake of the SPIO contrast agent injected 2 days prior, which were then detected by ex vivo MRI. This suggests that SPIO-enhanced MR images help detect the localization of macrophages on the AAA wall, indicating its potential to serve as a novel index for AAA pathogenesis.
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11
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Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of proteolytic enzyme concentrations and biologic properties of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2020; 72:1025-1034. [PMID: 32067878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used in assessment of biologic activity of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) and proteolytic processes of the abdominal aortic aneurysm wall. METHODS Using MRI, 50 patients with asymptomatic infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm were analyzed at the maximum aneurysm diameter on T1-weighted images in the arterial phase after administration of contrast material. Relative ILT signal intensity (SI) was determined as the ratio between ILT SI and psoas muscle SI. During surgery, the full thickness of the ILT and the adjacent part of the aneurysm wall were harvested at the maximal diameter for biochemical analysis. The concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and neutrophil elastase (NE/ELA) were analyzed in harvested thrombi, and the concentrations of collagen type III, elastin, and proteoglycans were analyzed in harvested aneurysm walls. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was found between the NE/ELA concentration of the ILT and the relative SI (ρ = 0.309; P = .029). Furthermore, a negative correlation was observed between the elastin content of the aneurysm wall and the relative SI (ρ = -0.300; P = .034). No correlations were found between relative SI and concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 9, NE/ELA, collagen type III, or proteoglycan 4 in the aneurysm wall. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate a potential novel use of MRI in prediction of thrombus proteolytic enzyme concentrations and the extracellular matrix content of the aneurysm wall, thus providing additional information for the risk of potential aneurysm rupture.
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Khan S, Amin FM, Fliedner FP, Christensen CE, Tolnai D, Younis S, Olinger ACR, Birgens H, Daldrup-Link H, Kjær A, Larsson HBW, Lindberg U, Ashina M. Investigating macrophage-mediated inflammation in migraine using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced 3T magnetic resonance imaging. Cephalalgia 2019; 39:1407-1420. [DOI: 10.1177/0333102419848122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Initiating mechanisms of migraine headache remain poorly understood and a biomarker of migraine does not exist. Inflammation pertaining to the wall of cerebral arteries and brain parenchyma has been suggested to play a role in migraine pathophysiology. Objective We conducted the first experimental human study to investigate macrophage-mediated inflammation as a possible biomarker of migraine. Methods Using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we investigated the presence of macrophages in cerebral artery walls and in brain parenchyma of patients with migraine without aura. We used the phosphodiesterase-3-inhibitor cilostazol as an experimental migraine trigger, and investigated both patients who received sumatriptan treatment, and patients who did not. To validate our use of USPIO-enhanced MRI, we included a preclinical mouse model with subcutaneous capsaicin injection in the trigeminal V1 area. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT02549898. Results A total of 28 female patients with migraine without aura underwent a baseline MRI scan, ingested cilostazol, developed a migraine-like attack, and underwent an USPIO-enhanced MRI scan > 24 hours after intravenous administration of USPIO. Twelve patients treated their attack with 6 mg s.c. sumatriptan, while the remaining 16 patients received no migraine-specific rescue medication. The preclinical model confirmed that USPIO-enhanced MRI detects macrophage-mediated inflammation. In patients, however, migraine attacks were not associated with increased USPIO signal on the pain side of the head compared to the non-pain side. Conclusion Our findings suggest that migraine without aura is not associated with macrophage-mediated inflammation specific to the head pain side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Khan
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Faisal Mohammad Amin
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederikke Petrine Fliedner
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, University of Copenhagen and Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper Emil Christensen
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Tolnai
- Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samaira Younis
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Birgens
- Department of Hematology, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Heike Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Kjær
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Department of Biomedical Research and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, University of Copenhagen and Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Bo Wiberg Larsson
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Lindberg
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Messoud Ashina
- Danish Headache Center and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Sakalihasan N, Michel JB, Katsargyris A, Kuivaniemi H, Defraigne JO, Nchimi A, Powell JT, Yoshimura K, Hultgren R. Abdominal aortic aneurysms. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2018; 4:34. [PMID: 30337540 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-018-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a localized dilatation of the infrarenal aorta. AAA is a multifactorial disease, and genetic and environmental factors play a part; smoking, male sex and a positive family history are the most important risk factors, and AAA is most common in men >65 years of age. AAA results from changes in the aortic wall structure, including thinning of the media and adventitia due to the loss of vascular smooth muscle cells and degradation of the extracellular matrix. If the mechanical stress of the blood pressure acting on the wall exceeds the wall strength, the AAA ruptures, causing life-threatening intra-abdominal haemorrhage - the mortality for patients with ruptured AAA is 65-85%. Although AAAs of any size can rupture, the risk of rupture increases with diameter. Intact AAAs are typically asymptomatic, and in settings where screening programmes with ultrasonography are not implemented, most cases are diagnosed incidentally. Modern functional imaging techniques (PET, CT and MRI) may help to assess rupture risk. Elective repair of AAA with open surgery or endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) should be considered to prevent AAA rupture, although the morbidity and mortality associated with both techniques remain non-negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium. .,Surgical Research Center, GIGA-Cardiovascular Science Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Michel
- UMR 1148, INSERM Paris 7, Denis Diderot University, Xavier Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Athanasios Katsargyris
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Helena Kuivaniemi
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Jean-Olivier Defraigne
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, CHU Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Surgical Research Center, GIGA-Cardiovascular Science Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Nchimi
- Surgical Research Center, GIGA-Cardiovascular Science Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Medical Imaging, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Janet T Powell
- Vascular Surgery Research Group, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Koichi Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Yamaguchi Prefectural University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Clinical Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - Rebecka Hultgren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Su SA, Xie Y, Fu Z, Wang Y, Wang JA, Xiang M. Emerging role of exosome-mediated intercellular communication in vascular remodeling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:25700-25712. [PMID: 28147325 PMCID: PMC5421963 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular remodeling refers to the alternations of function and structure in vasculature. A complex autocrine/paracrine set of cellular interaction is involved in vascular remodeling. Exosome, a newly identified natural nanocarrier and intercellular messenger, plays a pivotal role in regulating cell-to-cell communication. Exosome emerges as an important mediator in the process of vascular remodeling, showing the most prognostic and therapeutic potent in vascular diseases. Benefiting from exosomal trafficking, the vasculature can not only maintain its function and structure in physiological condition, but also adapt itself in pathological status. In this review, we will represent the roles of exosomes in angiogenesis, endothelial function and cardiac regeneration. In addition, greatly depending on the pathophysiological status of donor cells and peripheral micro-circumstance, the exosomal content could alter, which makes exosomes exhibit pleiotropic effects in vascular diseases. Hence, the diverse effects of exosomes in vascular diseases including atherosclerosis, neointima formation and vascular repair, primary hypertension, pulmonary artery hypertension, and aortic aneurysm will be discussed. Finally, the translational appliances targeting exosomes will be concluded by providing updated applications of engineered exosomes in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-An Su
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yao Xie
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London BHF Center, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zurong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Lab of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hang Zhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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15
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Madrigal-Matute J, Blanco-Colio LM, Esteban-Salan M, Torres-Fonseca M, Lefebvre T, Delbosc S, Laustsen J, Driss F, de Ceniga M, Gouya L, Egido J, Meilhac O, Michel JB, Martin-Ventura JL, Martinez-Pinna R, Lindholt JS, Weiss G. From tissue iron retention to low systemic haemoglobin levels, new pathophysiological biomarkers of human abdominal aortic aneurysm. Thromb Haemost 2017; 112:87-95. [DOI: 10.1160/th13-08-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIron deposits are observed in tissue of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients, although the underlying mechanisms are not completely elucidated. Therefore we explored circulating markers of iron metabolism in AAA patients, and tested if they could serve as biomarkers of AAA. Increased red blood cell (RBC)-borne iron retention and transferrin, transferrin receptor and ferritin expression was observed in AAA tissue compared to control aorta (immunohistochemistry and western blot). In contrast, decreased circulating iron, transferrin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and haemoglobin concentration, along with circulating RBC count, were observed in AAA patients (aortic diameter >3 cm, n=114) compared to controls (aortic diameter <3 cm, n=88) (ELISA), whereas hepcidin concentrations were increased in AAA subjects (MS/MS assay). Moreover, iron, transferrin and haemoglobin levels were negatively, and hepcidin positively, correlated with aortic diameter in AAA patients. The association of low haemoglobin with AAA presence or aortic diameter was independent of specific risk factors. Moreover, MCHC negatively correlated with thrombus area in another cohort of AAA patients (aortic diameter 3–5 cm, n=357). We found that anaemia was significantly more prevalent in AAA patients (aortic diameter >5 cm, n=8,912) compared to those in patients with atherosclerotic aorto-iliac occlusive disease (n=17,737) [adjusted odds ratio=1.77 (95% confidence interval: 1.61;1.93)]. Finally, the mortality risk among AAA patients with anaemia was increased by almost 30% [adjusted hazard ratio: 1.29 (95% confidence interval: 1.16;1.44)] as compared to AAA subjects without anaemia. In conclusion, local iron retention and altered iron recycling associated to high hepcidin and low transferrin systemic concentrations could lead to reduced circulating haemoglobin levels in AAA patients. Low haemoglobin levels are independently associated to AAA presence and clinical outcome.
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16
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Madrigal-Matute J, Martinez-Pinna R, Ramos-Mozo P, Blanco-Colio L, Moreno J, Tarin C, Burillo E, Fernandez-Garcia C, Egido J, Meilhac O, Michel JB, Martin-Ventura J. Erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets as a source of oxidative stress in chronic vascular diseases: Detoxifying mechanisms and potential therapeutic options. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:435-42. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-04-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SummaryOxidative stress is involved in the chronic pathological vascular remodelling of both abdominal aortic aneurysm and occlusive atherosclerosis. Red blood cells (RBCs), leukocytes and platelets present in both, aneurysmal intraluminal thrombus and intraplaque haemorraghes, could be involved in the redox imbalance inside diseased arterial tissues. RBCs haemolysis may release the pro-oxidant haemoglobin (Hb), which transfers heme to tissue and low-density lipoproteins. Heme-iron potentiates molecular, cell and tissue toxicity mediated by leukocytes and other sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polymorphonuclear neutrophils release myeloperoxidase and, along with activated platelets, produce superoxide mediated by NADPH oxidase, causing oxidative damage. In response to this pro-oxidant milieu, several anti-oxidant molecules of plasma or cell origin can prevent ROS production. Free Hb binds to haptoglobin (Hp) and once Hp-Hb complex is endocytosed by CD163, liberated heme is converted into less toxic compounds by heme oxygenase-1. Iron homeostasis is mainly regulated by transferrin, which transports ferric ions to other cells. Transferrin-bound iron is internalised via endocytosis mediated by transferrin receptor. Once inside the cell, iron is mainly stored by ferritin. Other non hemo-iron related antioxidant enzymes (e.g. superoxide dismutase, catalase, thioredoxin and peroxiredoxin) are also involved in redox modulation in vascular remodelling. Oxidative stress is a main determinant of chronic pathological remodelling of the arterial wall, partially linked to the presence of RBCs, leukocytes, platelets and oxidised fibrin within tissue and to the imbalance between pro-/anti-oxidant molecules. Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying redox imbalance could help to define novel potential targets to decrease atherothrombotic risk.
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17
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Emeto TI, Alele FO, Smith AM, Smith FM, Dougan T, Golledge J. Use of Nanoparticles As Contrast Agents for the Functional and Molecular Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:16. [PMID: 28386544 PMCID: PMC5362602 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a degenerative disease of the aorta common in adults older than 65 years of age. AAA is usually imaged using ultrasound or computed tomography. Molecular imaging technologies employing nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as novel ways to quantify pathological processes, such as inflammation, within AAAs as a means to identify the risk of rapid progression or rupture. This article reviews the current evidence supporting the role of NP-based imaging in the management of AAA. Currently, ultrasmall superparamagnetic NPs enhanced magnetic resonance imaging appears to hold the greatest potential for imaging macrophage-mediated inflammation in human AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theophilus I Emeto
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Faith O Alele
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
| | - Amy M Smith
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
| | - Felicity M Smith
- Public Health and Tropical Medicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University , Townsville, QLD , Australia
| | - Tammy Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Addenbrookes Hospital , Cambridge , UK
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Diseases, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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18
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Brangsch J, Reimann C, Collettini F, Buchert R, Botnar RM, Makowski MR. Molecular Imaging of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:150-164. [PMID: 28110838 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) represent a vascular disease with severe complications. AAAs are currently the overall 10th leading cause of death in western countries and their incidence is rising. Although different diagnostic techniques are currently available in clinical practice, including ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), imaging-based prediction of life-threatening complications such as aneurysm-rupture remains challenging. Molecular imaging provides a novel diagnostic approach for in vivo visualization of biological processes and pathological alterations at a cellular and molecular level. Its overall aim is to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and to facilitate novel diagnostic pathways. This review outlines recent preclinical and clinical developments in molecular MRI, positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for imaging of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brangsch
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Reimann
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Federico Collettini
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Buchert
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - René M Botnar
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; Wellcome Trust and Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Medical Engineering Centre, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Excellence, King's College London, London SE5 9NU, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marcus R Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK.
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Cross-Sectional Imaging to Evaluate the Risk of Rupture in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Review article based on a dissertation submitted to fulfill the academic grade of doctor in medical sciences (….), entitled: Imaging the mechanisms involved in abdominal aortic aneurysms rupture; a step towards patient-specific risk assessment. J Belg Soc Radiol 2016; 100:91. [PMID: 30151486 PMCID: PMC6100636 DOI: 10.5334/jbr-btr.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Plasma ferritin concentrations are not associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm diagnosis, size or growth. Atherosclerosis 2016; 251:19-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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21
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Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cellular Inflammation in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016; 51:518-26. [PMID: 26919936 PMCID: PMC4829709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2015.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Inflammation is critical in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease. Combined 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET-CT) and ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are non-invasive methods of assessing tissue inflammation. The aim of this study was to compare these techniques in patients with AAA. Materials and methods Fifteen patients with asymptomatic AAA with diameter 46 ± 7 mm underwent PET-CT with 18F-FDG, and T2*-weighted MRI before and 24 hours after administration of USPIO. The PET-CT and MRI data were then co-registered. Standardised uptake values (SUVs) were calculated to measure 18F-FDG activity, and USPIO uptake was determined using the change in R2*. Comparisons between the techniques were made using a quadrant analysis and a voxel-by-voxel evaluation. Results When all areas of the aneurysm were evaluated, there was a modest correlation between the SUV on PET-CT and the change in R2* on USPIO-enhanced MRI (n = 70,345 voxels; r = .30; p < .0001). Although regions of increased 18F-FDG and USPIO uptake co-localised on occasion, this was infrequent (kappa statistic 0.074; 95% CI 0.026–0.122). 18F-FDG activity was commonly focused in the shoulder region whereas USPIO uptake was more apparent in the main body of the aneurysm. Maximum SUV was lower in patients with mural USPIO uptake. Conclusions Both 18F-FDG PET-CT and USPIO-MRI uptake identify vascular inflammation associated with AAA. Although they demonstrate a modest correlation, there are distinct differences in the pattern and distribution of uptake, suggesting a differential detection of macrophage glycolytic and phagocytic activity respectively.
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Arami H, Khandhar A, Liggitt D, Krishnan KM. In vivo delivery, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:8576-607. [PMID: 26390044 PMCID: PMC4648695 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00541h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively used during the last two decades, either as effective bio-imaging contrast agents or as carriers of biomolecules such as drugs, nucleic acids and peptides for controlled delivery to specific organs and tissues. Most of these novel applications require elaborate tuning of the physiochemical and surface properties of the IONPs. As new IONPs designs are envisioned, synergistic consideration of the body's innate biological barriers against the administered nanoparticles and the short and long-term side effects of the IONPs become even more essential. There are several important criteria (e.g. size and size-distribution, charge, coating molecules, and plasma protein adsorption) that can be effectively tuned to control the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the IONPs. This paper reviews these crucial parameters, in light of biological barriers in the body, and the latest IONPs design strategies used to overcome them. A careful review of the long-term biodistribution and side effects of the IONPs in relation to nanoparticle design is also given. While the discussions presented in this review are specific to IONPs, some of the information can be readily applied to other nanoparticle systems, such as gold, silver, silica, calcium phosphates and various polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Arami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Amit Khandhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Denny Liggitt
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Kannan M. Krishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
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Multimodality imaging assessment of the deleterious role of the intraluminal thrombus on the growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm in a rat model. Eur Radiol 2015; 26:2378-86. [PMID: 26396112 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-015-4010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate imaging changes occurring in a rat model of elastase-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), with emphasis on the intraluminal thrombus (ILT) occurrence. METHODS The post-induction growth of the AAA diameter was characterized using ultrasound in 22 rats. ILT was reported on 13 rats that underwent 14 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 2-18 days post-surgery, and on 10 rats that underwent 18 fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/microcomputed tomography examinations 2-27 days post-surgery. Logistic regressions were used to establish the evolution with time of AAA length, diameter, ILT thickness, volume, stratification, MRI and FDG PET signalling properties, and histological assessment of inflammatory infiltrates. RESULTS All of the following significantly increased with time post-induction (p < 0.001): AAA length, AAA diameter, ILT maximal thickness, ILT volume, ILT iron content and related MRI signalling changes, quantitative uptake on FDG PET, and the magnitude of inflammatory infiltrates on histology. However, the aneurysm growth peak followed occurrence of ILT approximately 6 days after elastase infusion. CONCLUSION Our model emphasizes that occurrence of ILT precedes AAA peak growth. Aneurysm growth is associated with increasing levels of iron, signalling properties changes in both MRI and FDG PET, relating to its biological activities. KEY POINTS • ILT occurrence in AAA is associated with increasing FDG uptake and growth. • MRI signalling changes in ILT reflect activities such as haemorrhage and RBC trapping. • Monitoring ILT activities using MRI may require no exogenous contrast agent.
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Rubio-Navarro A, Amaro Villalobos JM, Lindholt JS, Buendía I, Egido J, Blanco-Colio LM, Samaniego R, Meilhac O, Michel JB, Martín-Ventura JL, Moreno JA. Hemoglobin induces monocyte recruitment and CD163-macrophage polarization in abdominal aortic aneurysm. Int J Cardiol 2015; 201:66-78. [PMID: 26296046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased hemoglobin (Hb) accumulation was reported in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). CD163 is a macrophage receptor involved in tissue Hb clearance, however its role in AAA has not been reported. We investigated the role of Hb on monocyte recruitment and differentiation towards CD163 expressing macrophages ex vivo, in vitro and in human AAA. METHODS AND RESULTS CD163 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in human AAA (n=7) vs. healthy wall (n=6). CD163 was predominantly found in adventitia of AAA, coinciding with areas rich in hemosiderin and adjacent to neoangiogenic microvessels. Dual CD14/CD163 expression was observed in recently infiltrated monocytes surrounding microvessels. A higher release of soluble CD163 was observed in the conditioned medium from AAA (AAA-CM, n=10), mainly in the adventitial layer. Similar to Hb, AAA-CM induced CD163-dependent monocyte chemotaxis, especially on circulating monocytes from AAA patients. Hb or AAA-CM promoted differentiation towards CD163(high)/HLA-DR(low)-expressing macrophages, with enhanced Hb uptake, increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 secretion and decreased pro-inflammatory IL-12p40 release. All these effects were partially suppressed when Hb was removed from AAA-CM. Separate analysis on circulating monocytes reported increased percentage of pre-infiltrating CD14(++)CD16(+) monocytes in patients with AAA (n=21), as compared to controls (n=14). A significant increase in CD163 expression in CD14(++)CD16(+) monocyte subpopulation was observed in AAA patients. CONCLUSIONS The presence of Hb in the adventitial AAA-wall promotes the migration and differentiation of activated circulating monocytes in AAA patients, explaining the existence of a protective CD163-macrophage phenotype that could take up the Hb present in the AAA-wall, avoiding its injurious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rubio-Navarro
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jes S Lindholt
- Elitary Research Centre of Individualized Medicine in Arterial Disease (CIMA), Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Irene Buendía
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Blanco-Colio
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Samaniego
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- INSERM U1188 Diabète athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Jean Baptiste Michel
- INSERM UMRS 1148 Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - José Luis Martín-Ventura
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Vascular, Renal and Diabetes Research Lab., IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ferumoxytol is increasingly reported as an alternative to gadolinium-based contrast agents for MR angiography (MRA), particularly for patients with renal failure. This article summarizes more than 3 years of clinical experience with ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA for a range of indications and anatomic regions. CONCLUSION Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRA has many advantages including that it is safe for patients with renal failure and provides a lengthy plateau of vascular signal as a blood pool agent that allows longer navigated MRA sequences.
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Martinez-Pinna R, de Peredo AG, Monsarrat B, Burlet-Schiltz O, Martin-Ventura JL. Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of human plasma-derived microvesicles to find protein signatures of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:620-5. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Martinez-Pinna
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); Toulouse France
- UPS, IPBS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Anne Gonzalez de Peredo
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); Toulouse France
- UPS, IPBS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Bernard Monsarrat
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); Toulouse France
- UPS, IPBS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
| | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- CNRS, IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale); Toulouse France
- UPS, IPBS; Université de Toulouse; Toulouse France
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27
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Suzuki M, Bachelet-Violette L, Rouzet F, Beilvert A, Autret G, Maire M, Menager C, Louedec L, Choqueux C, Saboural P, Haddad O, Chauvierre C, Chaubet F, Michel JB, Serfaty JM, Letourneur D. Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with fucoidan for molecular MRI of intraluminal thrombus. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 10:73-87. [PMID: 24960075 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We have designed ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles associated with fucoidan (USPOI-FUCO), a natural sulfated polysaccharide with high affinity for activated platelets, to visualize by MRI arterial thrombi. MATERIALS & METHODS USPIOs were prepared and sizes, zeta-potentials and relaxivities were measured. Elastase perfusion in the infrarenal aorta of Wistar rats induced intraluminal thrombus. They were scanned on 4.7 T MRI before and after injection of USPIO-FUCO or USPIO coated with anionic dextran. RESULTS Surface plasmon resonance evidenced that fucoidan and USPIO-FUCO bind in vitro to immobilized P-selectin. All intraluminal hyposignals detected by MRI after injection of USPIO-FUCO on animals (13 out of 13) were correlated by histology with thrombi, whereas none could be identified with control USPIOs (0 out of 7). No signal was seen in absence of thrombus. Thrombi by MRI were correlated with P-selectin immunostaining and USPIO detection by electron microscopy. CONCLUSION In vivo thrombi can thus be evidenced by MRI with USPIO-FUCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michimasa Suzuki
- French Institute of Health & Medical Research (Inserm) U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, CHU X Bichat, University Paris 7, 46 rue H Huchard, F-75877, France
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28
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Golestani R, Sadeghi MM. Emergence of molecular imaging of aortic aneurysm: implications for risk stratification and management. J Nucl Cardiol 2014; 21:251-67; quiz 268-70. [PMID: 24381115 PMCID: PMC3991015 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-013-9845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Imaging cellular and molecular processes associated with aneurysm expansion, dissection, and rupture can potentially transform the management of patients with thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysm. Here, we review recent advances in molecular imaging of aortic aneurysm, focusing on imaging modalities with the greatest potential for clinical translation and application, PET, SPECT, and MRI. Inflammation (e.g., with (18)F-FDG, nanoparticles) and matrix remodeling (e.g., with matrix metalloproteinase-targeted tracers) are highlighted as promising targets for molecular imaging of aneurysm. Potential alternative or complementary approaches to molecular imaging for aneurysm risk stratification are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Golestani
- Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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29
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Allard L, Soulez G, Chayer B, Qin Z, Roy D, Cloutier G. A multimodality vascular imaging phantom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a visible thrombus. Med Phys 2014; 40:063701. [PMID: 23718616 DOI: 10.1118/1.4803497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE With the continuous development of new stent grafts and implantation techniques, it has now become technically feasible to treat abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) with challenging anatomy using endovascular repair with standard, fenestrated, or branched stent-grafts. In vitro experimentations are very useful to improve stent-graft design and conformability or imaging guidance for stent-graft delivery or follow-up. Vascular replicas also help to better understand the limitation of endovascular approaches in challenging anatomy and possibly improve surgical planning or training by practicing high risk clinical procedures in the laboratory to improve outcomes in the operating room. Most AAA phantoms available have a very basic anatomy, which is not representative of the clinical reality. This paper presents a method of fabrication of a realistic AAA phantom with a visible thrombus, as well as some mechanical properties characterizing such phantom. METHODS A realistic AAA geometry replica of a real patient anatomy taken from a multidetector computed tomography (CT) scan was manufactured. To demonstrate the multimodality imaging capability of this new phantom with a thrombus visible in magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, CT angiography (CTA), digital subtraction angiography (DSA), and ultrasound, image acquisitions with all these modalities were performed by using standard clinical protocols. Potential use of this phantom for stent deployment was also tested. A rheometer allowed defining hyperelastic and viscoelastic properties of phantom materials. RESULTS MR imaging measurements of SNR and CNR values on T1 and T2-weighted sequences and MR angiography indicated reasonable agreement with published values of AAA thrombus and abdominal components in vivo. X-ray absorption also lay within normal ranges of AAA patients and was representative of findings observed on CTA, fluoroscopy, and DSA. Ultrasound propagation speeds for developed materials were also in concordance with the literature for vascular and abdominal tissues. CONCLUSIONS The mimicked abdominal tissues, AAA wall, and surrounding thrombus were developed to match imaging features of in vivo MR, CT, and ultrasound examinations. This phantom should be of value for image calibration, segmentation, and testing of endovascular devices for AAA endovascular repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Allard
- Laboratory of Biorheology and Medical Ultrasonics, Research Center, University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Québec H2L 2W5, Canada
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30
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Categorization of aortic aneurysm thrombus morphology by magnetic resonance imaging. Eur J Radiol 2013; 82:e544-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Wilson JS, Virag L, Di Achille P, Karsaj I, Humphrey JD. Biochemomechanics of intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms. J Biomech Eng 2013; 135:021011. [PMID: 23445056 DOI: 10.1115/1.4023437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most computational models of abdominal aortic aneurysms address either the hemodynamics within the lesion or the mechanics of the wall. More recently, however, some models have appropriately begun to account for the evolving mechanics of the wall in response to the changing hemodynamic loads. Collectively, this large body of work has provided tremendous insight into this life-threatening condition and has provided important guidance for current research. Nevertheless, there has yet to be a comprehensive model that addresses the mechanobiology, biochemistry, and biomechanics of thrombus-laden abdominal aortic aneurysms. That is, there is a pressing need to include effects of the hemodynamics on both the development of the nearly ubiquitous intraluminal thrombus and the evolving mechanics of the wall, which depends in part on biochemical effects of the adjacent thrombus. Indeed, there is increasing evidence that intraluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysms is biologically active and should not be treated as homogeneous inert material. In this review paper, we bring together diverse findings from the literature to encourage next generation models that account for the biochemomechanics of growth and remodeling in patient-specific, thrombus-laden abdominal aortic aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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32
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Nchimi A, Couvreur T, Meunier B, Sakalihasan N. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in a Positron Emission Tomography-Positive Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm. AORTA : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AORTIC INSTITUTE AT YALE-NEW HAVEN HOSPITAL 2013; 1:198-201. [PMID: 26798694 DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2013.13-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) findings are described in a patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm. Both examinations have the ability to noninvasively assess biological processes associated with aneurysm instability and therefore to potentially impact clinical decision-making regardless of the vessel size. Despite similarities between images on both techniques, FDG-PET evaluates glycolysis, while DW-MRI evaluates cell density, edema, and perfusion. Longitudinal studies including larger patient numbers are needed to investigate the temporal continuum and clinical significance of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Nchimi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Couvreur
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Benoit Meunier
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natzi Sakalihasan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Liège, Belgium
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33
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Current state of experimental imaging modalities for risk assessment of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2013; 57:851-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.10.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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34
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Osborn EA, Jaffer FA. The year in molecular imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5:317-28. [PMID: 22421179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Osborn
- Cardiology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114,USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Buxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.
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36
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Yao Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Sheng Z, Wen S, Ma G, Liu N, Fang F, Teng GJ. In vivo imaging of macrophages during the early-stages of abdominal aortic aneurysm using high resolution MRI in ApoE mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33523. [PMID: 22448249 PMCID: PMC3308989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiotensin II (ANG II) promotes vascular inflammation and induces abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in hyperlipidemic apolipoprotein E knock-out (apoE−/−) mice. The aim of the present study was to detect macrophage activities in an ANG II-induced early-stage AAA model using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) as a marker. Methodology/Principal Findings Twenty-six male apoE−/− mice received saline or ANG II (1000 or 500 ng/kg/min) infusion for 14 days. All animals underwent MRI scanning following administration of SPIO with the exception of three mice in the 1000 ng ANG II group, which were scanned without SPIO administration. MR imaging was performed using black-blood T2 to proton density -weighted multi-spin multi-echo sequence. In vivo MRI measurement of SPIO uptake and abdominal aortic diameter were obtained. Prussian blue, CD68,α-SMC and MAC3 immunohistological stains were used for the detection of SPIO, macrophages and smooth muscle cells. ANG II infusion with 1000 ng/kg/min induced AAA in all of the apoE−/− mice. ANG II infusion exhibited significantly higher degrees of SPIO uptake, which was detected using MRI as a distinct loss of signal intensity. The contrast-to-noise ratio value decreased in proportion to an increase in the number of iron-laden macrophages in the aneurysm. The aneurysmal vessel wall in both groups of ANG II treated mice contained more iron-positive macrophages than saline-treated mice. However, the presence of cells capable of phagocytosing haemosiderin in mural thrombi also induced low-signal-intensities via MRI imaging. Conclusions/Significance SPIO is taken up by macrophages in the shoulder and the outer layer of AAA. This alters the MRI signaling properties and can be used in imaging inflammation associated with AAA. It is important to compare images of the aorta before and after SPIO injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yefei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zulong Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Wen
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Molecular and Function Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Miyama N, Dua MM, Schultz GM, Kosuge H, Terashima M, Pisani LJ, Dalman RL, McConnell MV. Bioluminescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Macrophage Homing to Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Mol Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage infiltration is a prominent feature of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) progression. We used a combined imaging approach with bioluminescence (BLI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to study macrophage homing and accumulation in experimental AAA disease. Murine AAAs were created via intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase. Mice were imaged over 14 days after injection of prepared peritoneal macrophages. For BLI, macrophages were from transgenic mice expressing luciferase. For MRI, macrophages were labeled with iron oxide particles. Macrophage accumulation during aneurysm progression was observed by in situ BLI and by in vivo 7T MRI. Mice were sacrificed after imaging for histologic analysis. In situ BLI ( n = 32) demonstrated high signal in the AAA by days 7 and 14, which correlated significantly with macrophage number and aortic diameter. In vivo 7T MRI ( n = 13) at day 14 demonstrated T2* signal loss in the AAA and not in sham mice. Immunohistochemistry and Prussian blue staining confirmed the presence of injected macrophages in the AAA. BLI and MRI provide complementary approaches to track macrophage homing and accumulation in experimental AAAs. Similar dual imaging strategies may aid the study of AAA biology and the evaluation of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Miyama
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Monica M. Dua
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Geoffrey M. Schultz
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hisanori Kosuge
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Masahiro Terashima
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Laura J. Pisani
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Ronald L. Dalman
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael V. McConnell
- From the Divisions of Vascular Surgery and Cardiovascular Medicine and the Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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38
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Chan AB, Kaijzel EL, Löwik CWGM, Essers J. Molecular Imaging of Inflammation in Aortic Aneurysmal Disease. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-011-9115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sharifi S, Behzadi S, Laurent S, Forrest ML, Stroeve P, Mahmoudi M. Toxicity of nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:2323-43. [PMID: 22170510 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 814] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience has matured significantly during the last decade as it has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Presently, nanomaterials are used in a wide variety of commercial products such as electronic components, sports equipment, sun creams and biomedical applications. There are few studies of the long-term consequences of nanoparticles on human health, but governmental agencies, including the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Japan's Ministry of Health, have recently raised the question of whether seemingly innocuous materials such as carbon-based nanotubes should be treated with the same caution afforded known carcinogens such as asbestos. Since nanomaterials are increasing a part of everyday consumer products, manufacturing processes, and medical products, it is imperative that both workers and end-users be protected from inhalation of potentially toxic NPs. It also suggests that NPs may need to be sequestered into products so that the NPs are not released into the atmosphere during the product's life or during recycling. Further, non-inhalation routes of NP absorption, including dermal and medical injectables, must be studied in order to understand possible toxic effects. Fewer studies to date have addressed whether the body can eventually eliminate nanomaterials to prevent particle build-up in tissues or organs. This critical review discusses the biophysicochemical properties of various nanomaterials with emphasis on currently available toxicology data and methodologies for evaluating nanoparticle toxicity (286 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Sharifi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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40
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Protease activity in the multi-layered intra-luminal thrombus of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerosis 2011; 218:294-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Buxton
- Basic and Early Translational Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI/NIH, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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42
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Buxton DB, Antman M, Danthi N, Dilsizian V, Fayad ZA, Garcia MJ, Jaff MR, Klimas M, Libby P, Nahrendorf M, Sinusas AJ, Wickline SA, Wu JC, Bonow RO, Weissleder R. Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute working group on the translation of cardiovascular molecular imaging. Circulation 2011; 123:2157-63. [PMID: 21576680 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.000943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Buxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institutes of Health, 6701 Rockledge Dr, Room 8216, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Michel JB, Martin-Ventura JL, Egido J, Sakalihasan N, Treska V, Lindholt J, Allaire E, Thorsteinsdottir U, Cockerill G, Swedenborg J. Novel aspects of the pathogenesis of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta in humans. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 90:18-27. [PMID: 21037321 PMCID: PMC3058728 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AAA) is a particular, specifically localized form of atherothrombosis, providing a unique human model of this disease. The pathogenesis of AAA is characterized by a breakdown of the extracellular matrix due to an excessive proteolytic activity, leading to potential arterial wall rupture. The roles of matrix metalloproteinases and plasmin generation in progression of AAA have been demonstrated both in animal models and in clinical studies. In the present review, we highlight recent studies addressing the role of the haemoglobin-rich, intraluminal thrombus and the adventitial response in the development of human AAA. The intraluminal thrombus exerts its pathogenic effect through platelet activation, fibrin formation, binding of plasminogen and its activators, and trapping of erythrocytes and neutrophils, leading to oxidative and proteolytic injury of the arterial wall. These events occur mainly at the intraluminal thrombus-circulating blood interface, and pathological mediators are conveyed outwards, where they promote matrix degradation of the arterial wall. In response, neo-angiogenesis, phagocytosis by mononuclear cells, and a shift from innate to adaptive immunity in the adventitia are observed. Abdominal aortic aneurysm thus represents an accessible spatiotemporal model of human atherothrombotic progression towards clinical events, the study of which should allow further understanding of its pathogenesis and the translation of pathogenic biological activities into diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Michel
- Inserm Unit 698, Cardiovascular Remodelling, Denis Diderot University, Hôpital X. Bichat, Paris, France.
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Richards JMJ, Semple SI, MacGillivray TJ, Gray C, Langrish JP, Williams M, Dweck M, Wallace W, McKillop G, Chalmers RTA, Garden OJ, Newby DE. Abdominal aortic aneurysm growth predicted by uptake of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide: a pilot study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2011; 4:274-81. [PMID: 21304070 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.110.959866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal aortic aneurysms are a major cause of death. Prediction of aneurysm expansion and rupture is challenging and currently relies on the simple measure of aneurysm diameter. Using MRI, we aimed to assess whether areas of cellular inflammation correlated with the rate of abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion. METHODS AND RESULTS Stable patients (n=29; 27 male; age, 70±5 years) with asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms (4.0 to 6.6 cm) were recruited from a surveillance program and imaged using a 3-T MRI scanner before and 24 to 36 hours after administration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (USPIO). The change in T2* value on T2*-weighted imaging was used to detect accumulation of USPIO within the abdominal aortic aneurysm. Histological examination of aneurysm tissue confirmed colocalization and uptake of USPIO in areas with macrophage infiltration. Patients with distinct mural uptake of USPIO had a 3-fold higher growth rate (n=11, 0.66 cm/y; P=0.020) than those with no (n=6, 0.22 cm/y) or nonspecific USPIO uptake (n=8, 0.24 cm/y) despite having similar aneurysm diameters (5.4±0.6, 5.1±0.5, and 5.0±0.5 cm, respectively; P>0.05). In 1 patient with an inflammatory aneurysm, there was a strong and widespread uptake of USPIO extending beyond the aortic wall. CONCLUSIONS Uptake of USPIO in abdominal aortic aneurysms identifies cellular inflammation and appears to distinguish those patients with more rapidly progressive abdominal aortic aneurysm expansion. This technique holds major promise as a new method of risk-stratifying patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms that extends beyond the simple anatomic measure of aneurysm diameter. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00794092.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M J Richards
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Ishigami K, Tajima T, Fujita N, Nishie A, Asayama Y, Kakihara D, Nakayama T, Okamoto D, Taketomi A, Shirabe K, Honda H. Hepatocellular carcinoma with marginal superparamagnetic iron oxide uptake on T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: histopathologic correlation. Eur J Radiol 2011; 80:e293-8. [PMID: 21288675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 12/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) with marginal superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) uptake on T2*-weighted MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 73 patients with 83 surgically resected HCCs. Preoperative SPIO-enhanced MRI studies were retrospectively reviewed. Marginal SPIO uptake was considered positive if a rim-like or band-like low intensity area was present on SPIO-enhanced T2*-weighted images. The prevalence of marginal SPIO uptake was evaluated. Pathological specimens with hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining of CD68 were reviewed in HCCs with marginal SPIO uptake and 33 HCCs without marginal SPIO uptake (control group). RESULTS Ten of 83 (12%) HCCs showed marginal SPIO uptake. All HCCs were hypervascular, and only one nodule showed a nodule-in-nodule appearance on imaging findings. The pathology specimens suggested possible causes of marginal SPIO uptake, including marginal macrophage infiltration in moderately or poorly differentiated HCC (n=4), residual normal hepatic tissue at the marginal area of confluent multinodular or single nodular with extranodular growth type HCC (n=3), and a well-differentiated HCC component in nodule-in-nodule type HCC (n=3). Marginal macrophage infiltration was not seen in the control group. CONCLUSION SPIO-enhanced MRI may be able to demonstrate marginal macrophage infiltration in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Anderwald C, Ankersmit HJ, Badaoui A, Beneduce L, Buko VU, Calo LA, Carrero JJ, Chang CY, Chang KC, Chen YJ, Cnotliwy M, Costelli P, Crujeiras AB, Cuocolo A, Davis PA, De Boer OJ, Ebenbichler CF, Erridge C, Fassina G, Felix SB, García-Gómez MC, Guerrero-Romero F, Haider DG, Heinemann A, Herda LR, Hoogeveen EK, Hörl WH, Iglseder B, Huang KC, Kaser S, Kastrati A, Kuzniatsova N, Latella G, Lichtenauer M, Lin YK, Lip GYH, Lu NH, Lukivskaya O, Luschnig P, Maniscalco M, Martinez JA, Müller-Krebs S, Ndrepepa G, Nicolaou G, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Penna F, Pintó X, Reiberger T, Rodriguez-Moran M, Schmidt A, Schwenger V, Spinelli L, Starkel P, Stehouwer CDA, Stenvinkel P, Strasser P, Suzuki H, Tschoner A, Van Der Wal AC, Vesely DL, Wen CJ, Wiernicki I, Zanninelli G, Zhu Y. Research update for articles published in EJCI in 2008. Eur J Clin Invest 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wiernicki I, Stachowska E, Safranow K, Cnotliwy M, Rybicka M, Kaczmarczyk M, Gutowski P. Enhanced matrix-degrading proteolytic activity within the thin thrombus-covered wall of human abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:161-5. [PMID: 20537648 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maintenance of an arterial elastin's integrity is essential in the prevention of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. So far, the effect of intraluminal thrombus (ILT) thickness on the elastolytic activity within the AAA wall has not been studied. In the present study the hypothesis that thin thrombus is associated with enhanced proteolytic activity within human AAA wall was investigated. METHODS The specimens for analysis, from both thin (< or = 10 mm) thrombus-covered and thick (> or = 25 mm) thrombus-covered wall, had been taken from 40 patients undergoing elective repair of AAA. We evaluated neutrophil elastase activity with the enzymatic assay. Concentrations of active matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), total matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) were measured by ELISA. Biochemical parameters were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed that the activity of elastase (P<0.0001) as well as concentrations of active MMP-9 (P=0.001), total MMP-8 (P<0.0001) and active MMP-9/total TIMP-1 ratio (P=0.002) were significantly higher in the thin thrombus-covered wall. Furthermore the TIMP-1 was found to have a lower concentration in the thin thrombus-covered in comparison with the thick thrombus-covered wall (P=0.003). There was a significant positive correlation between measurements in AAA wall sites with thin and thick thrombus for elastase, TIMP-1, MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio, and a borderline correlation was observed for MMP-8. Active MMP-9 concentration did not correlate between sites. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrates the differentiation of protease activity within the same AAA wall and its enhancement within the thin thrombus-covered aneurysm wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ireneusz Wiernicki
- Department of Vascular Surgery and Angiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstancow Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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