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Yamada M, Warabi E, Oishi H, Lira VA, Okutsu M. Muscle-derived IL-1β regulates EcSOD expression via the NBR1-p62-Nrf2 pathway in muscle during cancer cachexia. J Physiol 2024; 602:4215-4235. [PMID: 39167700 DOI: 10.1113/jp286460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in cancer cachexia. However, this outcome may be mitigated by an improved endogenous antioxidant defence system. Here, using the well-established oxidative stress-inducing muscle atrophy model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in 13-week-old male C57BL/6J mice, we demonstrate that extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) levels increase in the cachexia-prone extensor digitorum longus muscle. LLC transplantation significantly increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression and release from extensor digitorum longus muscle fibres. Moreover, IL-1β treatment of C2C12 myotubes increased NBR1, p62 phosphorylation at Ser351, Nrf2 nuclear translocation and EcSOD protein expression. Additional studies in vivo indicated that intramuscular IL-1β injection is sufficient to stimulate EcSOD expression, which is prevented by muscle-specific knockout of p62 and Nrf2 (i.e. in p62 skmKO and Nrf2 skmKO mice, respectively). Finally, since an increase in circulating IL-1β may lead to unwanted outcomes, we demonstrate that targeting this pathway at p62 is sufficient to drive muscle EcSOD expression in an Nrf2-dependent manner. In summary, cancer cachexia increases EcSOD expression in extensor digitorum longus muscle via muscle-derived IL-1β-induced upregulation of p62 phosphorylation and Nrf2 activation. These findings provide further mechanistic evidence for the therapeutic potential of p62 and Nrf2 to mitigate cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy. KEY POINTS: Oxidative stress plays an important role in muscle atrophy during cancer cachexia. EcSOD, which mitigates muscle loss during oxidative stress, is upregulated in 13-week-old male C57BL/6J mice of extensor digitorum longus muscles during cancer cachexia. Using mouse and cellular models, we demonstrate that cancer cachexia promotes muscle EcSOD protein expression via muscle-derived IL-1β-dependent stimulation of the NBR1-p62-Nrf2 signalling pathway. These results provide further evidence for the potential therapeutic targeting of the NBR1-p62-Nrf2 signalling pathway downstream of IL-1β to mitigate cancer cachexia-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Vitor A Lira
- Department of Health & Human Physiology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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2
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Shigapova RR, Mukhamedshina YO. Electrophysiology Methods for Assessing of Neurodegenerative and Post-Traumatic Processes as Applied to Translational Research. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:737. [PMID: 38929721 PMCID: PMC11205106 DOI: 10.3390/life14060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological studies have long established themselves as reliable methods for assessing the functional state of the brain and spinal cord, the degree of neurodegeneration, and evaluating the effectiveness of therapy. In addition, they can be used to diagnose, predict functional outcomes, and test the effectiveness of therapeutic and rehabilitation programs not only in clinical settings, but also at the preclinical level. Considering the urgent need to develop potential stimulators of neuroregeneration, it seems relevant to obtain objective data when modeling neurological diseases in animals. Thus, in the context of the application of electrophysiological methods, not only the comparison of the basic characteristics of bioelectrical activity of the brain and spinal cord in humans and animals, but also their changes against the background of neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes are of particular importance. In light of the above, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the results of electrophysiological assessment in neurodegenerative and post-traumatic processes as well as the possibility of translating these methods from model animals to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezeda Ramilovna Shigapova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
| | - Yana Olegovna Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia;
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan 420012, Russia
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3
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Kwon I, Kim KS, Lee Y. Relationships between endurance exercise training-induced muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy in slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of mice. Phys Act Nutr 2024; 28:23-34. [PMID: 39097995 PMCID: PMC11298286 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2024.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance exercise induces muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy; however, the potential role of autophagy in muscle fiber-type transformation remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between muscle fiber-type shifting and autophagy in the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, which are metabolically discrete muscles. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to sedentary control (CON) and exercise (EXE) groups. After 1 week of acclimation to treadmill running, the mice in the EXE group ran at 12-15 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. All mice were sacrificed 90 min after the last exercise session, and the targeted tissues were rapidly dissected. The right side of the tissues was used for western blot analysis, whereas the left side was subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS Endurance exercise resulted in muscle fiber-type shifting (from type IIa to type I) and autophagy (an increase in LC3-II) in the SOL muscle. However, muscle fiber-type transformation and autophagy were not correlated in the SOL and EDL muscles. Interestingly, in contrast to the canonical autophagy signaling pathways, our study showed that exercise-induced autophagy concurs with enhanced anabolic (increased p-AKTSer473/AKT and p-mTOR/mTORSer2448 ratios) and suppressed catabolic (reduced p-AMPKThr172/AMPK ratio) states. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that chronic endurance exercise-induced muscle fiber-type transformation and autophagy occur in a muscle-specific manner (e.g., SOL). More importantly, our study suggests that endurance training-induced SOL muscle fiber-type transition may underlie metabolic modulations caused by the AMPK and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways rather than autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insu Kwon
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngil Lee
- Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florida, Florida, USA
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Salagre D, Navarro-Alarcón M, Villalón-Mir M, Alcázar-Navarrete B, Gómez-Moreno G, Tamimi F, Agil A. Chronic melatonin treatment improves obesity by inducing uncoupling of skeletal muscle SERCA-SLN mediated by CaMKII/AMPK/PGC1α pathway and mitochondrial biogenesis in female and male Zücker diabetic fatty rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116314. [PMID: 38387135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin acute treatment limits obesity of young Zücker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats by non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). We recently showed melatonin chronically increases the oxidative status of vastus lateralis (VL) in both obese and lean adult male animals. The identification of VL skeletal muscle-based NST by uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA)- sarcolipin (SLN) prompted us to investigate whether melatonin is a SERCA-SLN calcium futile cycle uncoupling and mitochondrial biogenesis enhancer. Obese ZDF rats and lean littermates (ZL) of both sexes were subdivided into two subgroups: control (C) and 12 weeks orally melatonin treated (M) (10 mg/kg/day). Compared to the control groups, melatonin decreased the body weight gain and visceral fat in ZDF rats of both sexes. Melatonin treatment in both sex obese rats restored the VL muscle skin temperature and sensitized the thermogenic effect of acute cold exposure. Moreover, melatonin not only raised SLN protein levels in the VL of obese and lean rats of both sexes; also, the SERCA activity. Melatonin treatment increased the SERCA2 expression in obese and lean rats (both sexes), with no effects on SERCA1 expression. Melatonin increased the expression of thermogenic genes and proteins (PGC1-α, PPARγ, and NRF1). Furthermore, melatonin treatment enhanced the expression ratio of P-CaMKII/CaMKII and P-AMPK/AMPK. In addition, it rose mitochondrial biogenesis. These results provided the initial evidence that chronic oral melatonin treatment triggers the CaMKII/AMPK/PGC1α axis by upregulating SERCA2-SLN-mediated NST in ZDF diabetic rats of both sexes. This may further contribute to the body weight control and metabolic benefits of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Salagre
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain
| | - M Navarro-Alarcón
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - M Villalón-Mir
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - B Alcázar-Navarrete
- CIBERES, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, and Pulmonology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada 18014, Spain
| | - G Gómez-Moreno
- Department of Medically Compromised Patients in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada 18011, Spain
| | - F Tamimi
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - A Agil
- Department of Pharmacology, BioHealth Institute Granada (IBs Granada), Neuroscience Institute (CIBM), School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada 18016, Spain.
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Yamada M, Okutsu M. Interleukin-1β triggers muscle-derived extracellular superoxide dismutase expression and protects muscles from doxorubicin-induced atrophy. J Physiol 2023; 601:4699-4721. [PMID: 37815420 DOI: 10.1113/jp285174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin, a conventional chemotherapeutic agent prescribed for cancer, causes skeletal muscle atrophy and adversely affects mobility and strength. Given that doxorubicin-induced muscle atrophy is attributable primarily to oxidative stress, its effects could be mitigated by antioxidant-focused therapies; however, these protective therapeutic targets remain ambiguous. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that doxorubicin triggers severe muscle atrophy via upregulation of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal and malondialdehyde) and atrogenes (atrogin-1/MAFbx and muscle RING finger-1) in association with decreased expression of the antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), in cultured C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Supplementation with EcSOD recombinant protein elevated EcSOD levels on the cellular membrane of cultured myotubes, consequently inhibiting doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and myotube atrophy. Furthermore, doxorubicin treatment reduced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA expression in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, whereas transient IL-1β treatment increased EcSOD protein expression on the myotube membrane. Notably, transient IL-1β treatment of cultured myotubes and local administration in mouse skeletal muscle attenuated doxorubicin-induced muscle atrophy, which was associated with increased EcSOD expression. Collectively, these findings reveal that the regulation of skeletal muscle EcSOD via maintenance of IL-1β signalling is a potential therapeutic approach to counteract the muscle atrophy mediated by doxorubicin and oxidative stress. KEY POINTS: Doxorubicin, a commonly prescribed chemotherapeutic agent for patients with cancer, induces severe muscle atrophy owing to increased expression of oxidative stress; however, protective therapeutic targets are poorly understood. Doxorubicin induced muscle atrophy owing to increased expression of oxidative stress and atrogenes in association with decreased protein expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) in cultured C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle. Supplementation with EcSOD recombinant protein increased EcSOD levels on the cellular membrane of cultured myotubes, resulting in inhibition of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and myotube atrophy. Doxorubicin treatment decreased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression in cultured myotubes and skeletal muscle, whereas transient IL-1β treatment in vivo and in vitro increased EcSOD protein expression and attenuated doxorubicin-induced muscle atrophy. These findings reveal that regulation of skeletal muscle EcSOD via maintenance of IL-1β signalling is a possible therapeutic approach for muscle atrophy mediated by doxorubicin and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya Aichi, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya Aichi, Japan
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Yamada M, Warabi E, Oishi H, Lira VA, Okutsu M. Muscle p62 stimulates the expression of antioxidant proteins alleviating cancer cachexia. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23156. [PMID: 37624620 PMCID: PMC10560086 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300349r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in skeletal muscle atrophy during cancer cachexia, and more glycolytic muscles are preferentially affected. Sequestosome1/SQSTM1 (i.e., p62), particularly when phosphorylated at Ser 349 (Ser 351 in mice), competitively binds to the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) activating Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 then stimulates the transcription of antioxidant/electrophile-responsive elements in target genes. However, a potential role for p62 in the protection of muscle wasting in cachexia remains to be determined. Here, using the well-established cachexia-inducing model of Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) in mice we demonstrate higher expression of antioxidant proteins (i.e., NQO1, HO-1, GSTM1, CuZnSOD, MnSOD, and EcSOD) in the more oxidative and cachexia resistant soleus muscle than in the more glycolytic and cachexia prone extensor digitorum longus muscle. This was accompanied by higher p62 (total and phosphorylated) and nuclear Nrf2 levels in the soleus, which were paralleled by higher expression of proteins known to either phosphorylate or promote p62 phosphorylation (i.e., NBR1, CK1, PKCδ, and TAK1). Muscle-specific p62 gain-of-function (i.e., in p62 mTg mice) activated Nrf2 nuclear translocation and increased the expression of multiple antioxidant proteins (i.e., CuZnSOD, MnSOD, EcSOD, NQO1, and GSTM1) in glycolytic muscles. Interestingly, skeletal muscle Nrf2 haplodeficiency blunted the increases of most of these proteins (i.e., CuZnSOD, EcSOD, and NQO1) suggesting that muscle p62 stimulates antioxidant protein expression also via additional, yet to be determined mechanisms. Of note, p62 gain-of-function mitigated glycolytic muscle wasting in LLC-affected mice. Collectively, our findings identify skeletal muscle p62 as a potential therapeutic target for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamada
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, Obesity Research and Education Initiative, F.O.E. Diabetes Research Center, Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, The University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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7
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Dalle Carbonare L, Minoia A, Zouari S, Piritore FC, Vareschi A, Romanelli MG, Valenti MT. Crosstalk between Bone and Muscles during Physical Activity. Cells 2023; 12:2088. [PMID: 37626898 PMCID: PMC10453939 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone-muscle crosstalk is enabled thanks to the integration of different molecular signals, and it is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of skeletal and muscle tissue. Both the skeletal system and the muscular system perform endocrine activity by producing osteokines and myokines, respectively. These cytokines play a pivotal role in facilitating bone-muscle crosstalk. Moreover, recent studies have highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs in promoting crosstalk between bone and muscle in physiological or pathological conditions. Therefore, positive stimuli or pathologies that target one of the two systems can affect the other system as well, emphasizing the reciprocal influence of bone and muscle. Lifestyle and in particular physical activity influence both the bone and the muscular apparatus by acting on the single system but also by enhancing its crosstalk. Several studies have in fact demonstrated the modulation of circulating molecular factors during physical activity. These molecules are often produced by bone or muscle and are capable of activating signaling pathways involved in bone-muscle crosstalk but also of modulating the response of other cell types. Therefore, in this review we will discuss the effects of physical activity on bone and muscle cells, with particular reference to the biomolecular mechanisms that regulate their cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Dalle Carbonare
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Arianna Minoia
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Sharazed Zouari
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Francesca Cristiana Piritore
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Anna Vareschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovative Medicine, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (L.D.C.); (A.M.); (S.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Maria Grazia Romanelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Valenti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (F.C.P.); (M.G.R.)
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Dent JR, Stocks B, Campelj DG, Philp A. Transient changes to metabolic homeostasis initiate mitochondrial adaptation to endurance exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:3-16. [PMID: 35351374 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is well established to increase mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle, a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Current understanding is that exercise initiates skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling via modulation of cellular nutrient, energetic and contractile stress pathways. These subtle changes in the cellular milieu are sensed by numerous transduction pathways that serve to initiate and coordinate an increase in mitochondrial gene transcription and translation. The result of these acute signaling events is the promotion of growth and assembly of mitochondria, coupled to a greater capacity for aerobic ATP provision in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to highlight the acute metabolic events induced by endurance exercise and the subsequent molecular pathways that sense this transient change in cellular homeostasis to drive mitochondrial adaptation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Dent
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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9
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Kuhnen G, Guedes Russomanno T, Murgia M, Pillon NJ, Schönfelder M, Wackerhage H. Genes Whose Gain or Loss of Function Changes Type 1, 2A, 2X, or 2B Muscle Fibre Proportions in Mice—A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112933. [PMID: 36361732 PMCID: PMC9658117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult skeletal muscle fibres are classified as type 1, 2A, 2X, and 2B. These classifications are based on the expression of the dominant myosin heavy chain isoform. Muscle fibre-specific gene expression and proportions of muscle fibre types change during development and in response to exercise, chronic electrical stimulation, or inactivity. To identify genes whose gain or loss-of-function alters type 1, 2A, 2X, or 2B muscle fibre proportions in mice, we conducted a systematic review of transgenic mouse studies. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the 2009 PRISMA guidelines and the PICO framework. We identified 25 “muscle fibre genes” (Akirin1, Bdkrb2, Bdnf, Camk4, Ccnd3, Cpt1a, Epas1, Esrrg, Foxj3, Foxo1, Il15, Mapk12, Mstn, Myod1, Ncor1, Nfatc1, Nol3, Ppargc1a, Ppargc1b, Sirt1, Sirt3, Thra, Thrb, Trib3, and Vgll2) whose gain or loss-of-function significantly changes type 1, 2A, 2X or 2B muscle fibre proportions in mice. The fact that 15 of the 25 muscle fibre genes are transcriptional regulators suggests that muscle fibre-specific gene expression is primarily regulated transcriptionally. A reanalysis of existing datasets revealed that the expression of Ppargc1a and Vgll2 increases and Mstn decreases after exercise, respectively. This suggests that these genes help to regulate the muscle fibre adaptation to exercise. Finally, there are many known DNA sequence variants of muscle fibre genes. It seems likely that such DNA sequence variants contribute to the large variation of muscle fibre type proportions in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabryela Kuhnen
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Tiago Guedes Russomanno
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Marta Murgia
- Max Planck Institute, Martinsried, 82152 Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Schönfelder
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
| | - Henning Wackerhage
- Department of Sports and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 80809 Munich, Germany
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10
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Guan Y, Yan Z. Molecular Mechanisms of Exercise and Healthspan. Cells 2022; 11:872. [PMID: 35269492 PMCID: PMC8909156 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthspan is the period of our life without major debilitating diseases. In the modern world where unhealthy lifestyle choices and chronic diseases taper the healthspan, which lead to an enormous economic burden, finding ways to promote healthspan becomes a pressing goal of the scientific community. Exercise, one of humanity's most ancient and effective lifestyle interventions, appears to be at the center of the solution since it can both treat and prevent the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Here, we will review the current evidence and opinions about regular exercise promoting healthspan through enhancing the functionality of our organ systems and preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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11
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Taylor DF, Bishop DJ. Transcription Factor Movement and Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Human Skeletal Muscle: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1517. [PMID: 35163441 PMCID: PMC8836245 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In response to exercise, the oxidative capacity of mitochondria within skeletal muscle increases through the coordinated expression of mitochondrial proteins in a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Controlling the expression of mitochondrial proteins are transcription factors-a group of proteins that regulate messenger RNA transcription from DNA in the nucleus and mitochondria. To fulfil other functions or to limit gene expression, transcription factors are often localised away from DNA to different subcellular compartments and undergo rapid movement or accumulation only when required. Although many transcription factors involved in exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis have been identified, numerous conflicting findings and gaps exist within our knowledge of their subcellular movement. This review aims to summarise and provide a critical analysis of the published literature regarding the exercise-induced movement of transcription factors involved in mitochondria biogenesis in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Footscray Park, Victoria University, Melbourne 8001, Australia;
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12
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Mitochondria-localized AMPK responds to local energetics and contributes to exercise and energetic stress-induced mitophagy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025932118. [PMID: 34493662 PMCID: PMC8449344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025932118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria form a complex, interconnected reticulum that is maintained through coordination among biogenesis, dynamic fission, and fusion and mitophagy, which are initiated in response to various cues to maintain energetic homeostasis. These cellular events, which make up mitochondrial quality control, act with remarkable spatial precision, but what governs such spatial specificity is poorly understood. Herein, we demonstrate that specific isoforms of the cellular bioenergetic sensor, 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1/α2/β2/γ1), are localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane, referred to as mitoAMPK, in various tissues in mice and humans. Activation of mitoAMPK varies across the reticulum in response to energetic stress, and inhibition of mitoAMPK activity attenuates exercise-induced mitophagy in skeletal muscle in vivo. Discovery of a mitochondrial pool of AMPK and its local importance for mitochondrial quality control underscores the complexity of sensing cellular energetics in vivo that has implications for targeting mitochondrial energetics for disease treatment.
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13
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Rosa-Caldwell ME, Lim S, Haynie WA, Brown JL, Deaver JW, Morena Da Silva F, Jansen LT, Lee DE, Wiggs MP, Washington TA, Greene NP. Female mice may have exacerbated catabolic signalling response compared to male mice during development and progression of disuse atrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:717-730. [PMID: 33675163 PMCID: PMC8200438 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle atrophy is a common pathology associated with disuse, such as prolonged bed rest or spaceflight, and is associated with detrimental health outcomes. There is emerging evidence that disuse atrophy may differentially affect males and females. Cellular mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of disuse remain elusive, particularly protein turnover cascades. The purpose of this study was to investigate the initial development and progression of disuse muscle atrophy in male and female mice using the well-established model of hindlimb unloading (HU). METHODS One hundred C57BL/6J mice (50 male and 50 female) were hindlimb suspended for 0 (control), 24, 48, 72, or 168 h to induce disuse atrophy (10 animals per group). At designated time points, animals were euthanized, and tissues (extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, and soleus for mRNA analysis, gastrocnemius and extensor digitorum longus for protein synthesis rates, and tibialis anterior for histology) were collected for analysis of protein turnover mechanisms (protein anabolism and catabolism). RESULTS Both males and females lost ~30% of tibialis anterior cross-sectional area after 168 h of disuse. Males had no statistical difference in MHCIIB fibre area, whereas unloaded females had ~33% lower MHCIIB cross-sectional area by 168 h of unloading. Both males and females had lower fractional protein synthesis rates (FSRs) within 24-48 h of HU, and females appeared to have a greater reduction compared with males within 24 h of HU (~23% lower FSRs in males vs. 40% lower FSRs in females). Males and females exhibited differential patterns and responses in multiple markers of protein anabolism, catabolism, and myogenic capacity during the development and progression of disuse atrophy. Specifically, females had greater mRNA inductions of catabolic factors Ubc and Gadd45a (~4-fold greater content in females compared with ~2-fold greater content in males) and greater inductions of anabolic inhibitors Redd1 and Deptor with disuse across multiple muscle tissues exhibiting different fibre phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the aetiology of disuse muscle atrophy is more complicated and nuanced than previously thought, with different responses based on muscle phenotypes and between males and females, with females having greater inductions of atrophic markers early in the development of disuse atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Rosa-Caldwell
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Seongkyun Lim
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Wesley A Haynie
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jacob L Brown
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - John William Deaver
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Francielly Morena Da Silva
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lisa T Jansen
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - David E Lee
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Michael P Wiggs
- Integrative Physiology and Nutrition Laboratory Name, Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA.,Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Tyrone A Washington
- Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Nicholas P Greene
- Cachexia Research Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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14
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Yokokawa T, Hashimoto T, Iwanaka N. Caffeine increases myoglobin expression via the cyclic AMP pathway in L6 myotubes. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14869. [PMID: 33991466 PMCID: PMC8123560 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin is an important regulator of muscle and whole‐body metabolism and exercise capacity. Caffeine, an activator of the calcium and cyclic AMP (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, enhances glucose uptake, fat oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle cells. However, no study has shown that caffeine increases the endogenous expression of myoglobin in muscle cells. Further, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of myoglobin expression remains unclear. Therefore, our aim was to investigate whether caffeine and activators of the calcium signaling and cAMP/PKA pathway increase the expression of myoglobin in L6 myotubes and whether the pathway mediates caffeine‐induced myoglobin expression. Caffeine increased myoglobin expression and activated the cAMP/PKA pathway in L6 muscle cells. Additionally, a cAMP analog significantly increased myoglobin expression, whereas a ryanodine receptor agonist showed no significant effect. Finally, PKA inhibition significantly suppressed caffeine‐induced myoglobin expression in L6 myotubes. These results suggest that caffeine increases myoglobin expression via the cAMP/PKA pathway in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokokawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.,Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Iwanaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
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15
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Rahman FA, Quadrilatero J. Mitochondrial network remodeling: an important feature of myogenesis and skeletal muscle regeneration. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4653-4675. [PMID: 33751143 PMCID: PMC11072563 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of the mitochondrial network is a critical process in maintaining cellular homeostasis and is intimately related to mitochondrial function. The interplay between the formation of new mitochondria (biogenesis) and the removal of damaged mitochondria (mitophagy) provide a means for the repopulation of the mitochondrial network. Additionally, mitochondrial fission and fusion serve as a bridge between biogenesis and mitophagy. In recent years, the importance of these processes has been characterised in multiple tissue- and cell-types, and under various conditions. In skeletal muscle, the robust remodeling of the mitochondrial network is observed, particularly after injury where large portions of the tissue/cell structures are damaged. The significance of mitochondrial remodeling in regulating skeletal muscle regeneration has been widely studied, with alterations in mitochondrial remodeling processes leading to incomplete regeneration and impaired skeletal muscle function. Needless to say, important questions related to mitochondrial remodeling and skeletal muscle regeneration still remain unanswered and require further investigation. Therefore, this review will discuss the known molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial network remodeling, as well as integrate these mechanisms and discuss their relevance in myogenesis and regenerating skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ahmad Rahman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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16
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Wu S, Zhang J, Liu B, Huang Y, Li S, Wen H, Zhang M, Li J, Li Y, He F. Identification and Characterization of lncRNAs Related to the Muscle Growth and Development of Japanese Flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus). Front Genet 2020; 11:1034. [PMID: 33033494 PMCID: PMC7510837 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in many life activities, but the expression pattern and function of lncRNAs in Japanese flounder skeletal muscle are unclear. In this study, 751 lncRNAs were selected from skeletal muscle in different development stages of the Japanese flounder [stage A: larval 7 days post hatching (dph); stage B: juvenile about 90 dph; stage C (female) and stage D (male): adult about 24 months] using coding potential analysis methods. In total, 232, 211, 194, 28, 29, and 14 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 9549, 8673, 9181, 1821, 1080, and 557 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in comparisons of A versus B, A versus C, A versus D, B versus C, B versus D, and C versus D, respectively. We identified the cis- and trans-regulatory target genes of differentially expressed lncRNAs, and lncRNA-gene interaction networks were constructed using the Cytoscape program. In total, there were 200, 200, 200, 93, 47, and 11 cis-regulation relationships, and 29, 19, 24, 38, 8, and 47 trans-regulation relationships in the comparisons between A versus B, A versus C, A versus D, B versus C, B versus D, and C versus D, respectively. These results indicate that lncRNA may participate in the development of Japanese flounder skeletal muscle through cis- or trans-acting mechanisms, thus providing a scientific basis for further study of the biological function of lncRNA in Japanese flounder skeletal muscle. Based on these relationships, functional annotation of the related lncRNAs was performed by gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Differentially expressed genes associated with muscle development were enriched in multiple pairs of comparisons (e.g., differentially expressed genes LOC109640370, LOC109634180, LOC109643555, rusc1, and LOC109626999 were enriched in the actin-binding term, and differentially expressed genes LOC109640370, was, LOC109644970, LOC109643555, and itga9 were enriched in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton pathway in the KEGG pathway analysis in the comparison of stages C and D). We predicted lncRNA-mRNA, miRNA-mRNA, and lncRNA-miRNA regulatory relationships and constructed interactive networks using Cytoscape software. Co-expression networks show that most lncRNAs interact with one or two predicted miRNAs involved in muscle growth and development. These results provide a basis for further study of the function of lncRNAs on skeletal muscle in different developmental stages of Japanese flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Binghua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yajuan Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Siping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Haishen Wen
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Meizhao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jifang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng He
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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17
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Knuiman P, Hangelbroek R, Boekschoten M, Hopman M, Mensink M. Impact of protein supplementation during endurance training on changes in skeletal muscle transcriptome. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:397. [PMID: 32517654 PMCID: PMC7285456 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6686-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein supplementation improves physiological adaptations to endurance training, but the impact on adaptive changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome remains elusive. The present analysis was executed to determine the impact of protein supplementation on changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome following 5-weeks of endurance training. RESULTS Skeletal muscle tissue samples from the vastus lateralis were taken before and after 5-weeks of endurance training to assess changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. One hundred and 63 genes were differentially expressed after 5-weeks of endurance training in both groups (q-value< 0.05). In addition, the number of genes differentially expressed was higher in the protein group (PRO) (892, q-value< 0.05) when compared with the control group (CON) (440, q-value< 0.05), with no time-by-treatment interaction effect (q-value> 0.05). Endurance training primarily affected expression levels of genes related to extracellular matrix and these changes tended to be greater in PRO than in CON. CONCLUSIONS Protein supplementation subtly impacts endurance training-induced changes in the skeletal muscle transcriptome. In addition, our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the extracellular matrix may be an important factor for skeletal muscle adaptation in response to endurance training. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381, March 12, 2018. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03462381.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim Knuiman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Clarendon Way, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Roland Hangelbroek
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Advanced Analytics, Viqtor Davis B.V., Parijsboulevard 143 A, 3541, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Boekschoten
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Hopman
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein-West 32, 6525, GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708, WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Makin RD, Argyle D, Hirahara S, Nagasaka Y, Zhang M, Yan Z, Kerur N, Ambati J, Gelfand BD. Voluntary Exercise Suppresses Choroidal Neovascularization in Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:52. [PMID: 32460310 PMCID: PMC7405794 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of voluntary exercise on choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. Methods Age-matched wild-type C57BL/6J mice were housed in cages equipped with or without running wheels. After four weeks of voluntary running or sedentariness, mice were subjected to laser injury to induce CNV. After surgical recovery, mice were placed back in cages with or without exercise wheels for seven days. CNV lesion volumes were measured by confocal microscopy. The effect of wheel running only in the seven days after injury was also evaluated. Macrophage abundance and cytokine expression were quantified. Results In the first study, exercise-trained mice exhibited a 45% reduction in CNV volume compared to sedentary mice. In the replication study, a 32% reduction in CNV volume in exercise-trained mice was observed (P = 0.029). Combining these two studies, voluntary exercise was found to reduce CNV by 41% (P = 0.0005). Exercise-trained male and female mice had similar CNV volumes (P = 0.99). The daily running distance did not correlate with CNV lesion size. Exercise only after the laser injury without a preconditioning period did not reduce CNV size (P = 0.41). CNV lesions of exercise-trained mice also exhibited significantly lower F4/80+ macrophage staining and Vegfa and Ccl2 mRNA expression. Conclusions These findings provide the first experimental evidence that voluntary exercise improves CNV outcomes. These studies indicate that exercise before laser treatment is required to improve CNV outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Makin
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Basis of Disease Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Dionne Argyle
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Basis of Disease Graduate Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Shuichiro Hirahara
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Yosuke Nagasaka
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Mei Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Nagaraj Kerur
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Bradley D. Gelfand
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
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19
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Zhao H, Lewellen BM, Wilson RJ, Cui D, Drake JC, Zhang M, Yan Z. Long-term voluntary running prevents the onset of symptomatic Friedreich's ataxia in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6095. [PMID: 32269244 PMCID: PMC7142077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62952-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The common clinical symptoms of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) include ataxia, muscle weakness, type 2 diabetes and heart failure, which are caused by impaired mitochondrial function due to the loss of frataxin (FXN) expression. Endurance exercise is the most powerful intervention for promoting mitochondrial function; however, its impact on FRDA has not been studied. Here we found that mice with genetic knockout and knock-in of the Fxn gene (KIKO mice) developed exercise intolerance, glucose intolerance and moderate cardiac dysfunction at 6 months of age. These abnormalities were associated with impaired mitochondrial respiratory function concurrent with reduced iron regulatory protein 1 (Irp1) expression as well as increased oxidative stress, which were not due to loss of mitochondrial content and antioxidant enzyme expression. Importantly, long-term (4 months) voluntary running in KIKO mice starting at a young age (2 months) completely prevented the functional abnormalities along with restored Irp1 expression, improved mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative stress in skeletal muscle without restoring Fxn expression. We conclude that endurance exercise training prevents symptomatic onset of FRDA in mice associated with improved mitochondrial function and reduced oxidative stress. These preclinical findings may pave the way for clinical studies of the impact of endurance exercise in FRDA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henan Zhao
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Bevan M Lewellen
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Rebecca J Wilson
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Di Cui
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Joshua C Drake
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA.
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908, USA.
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21
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Yamada M, Hokazono C, Tokizawa K, Marui S, Iwata M, Lira VA, Suzuki K, Miura S, Nagashima K, Okutsu M. Muscle-derived SDF-1α/CXCL12 modulates endothelial cell proliferation but not exercise training-induced angiogenesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R770-R779. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00155.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are critical mediators of angiogenesis in several physiological and pathological conditions; however, a potential role for muscle-derived chemokines in exercise-stimulated angiogenesis in skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. Here, we postulated that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1α/C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12: CXCL12), shown to promote neovascularization in several organs, contributes to angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. We found that CXCL12 is abundantly expressed in capillary-rich oxidative soleus and exercise-trained plantaris muscles. CXCL12 mRNA and protein were also abundantly expressed in muscle-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α transgenic mice, which have a high proportion of oxidative muscle fibers and capillaries when compared with wild-type littermates. We then generated CXCL12 muscle-specific knockout mice but observed normal baseline capillary density and normal angiogenesis in these mice when they were exercise trained. To get further insight into a potential CXCL12 role in a myofiber-endothelial cell crosstalk, we first mechanically stretched C2C12 myotubes, a model known to induce stretch-related chemokine release, and observed increased CXCL12 mRNA and protein. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to conditioned medium from cyclically stretched C2C12 myotubes displayed increased proliferation, which was dependent on CXCL12-mediated signaling through the CXCR4 receptor. However, HUVEC migration and tube formation were unaltered under these conditions. Collectively, our findings indicate that increased muscle contractile activity enhances CXCL12 production and release from muscle, potentially contributing to endothelial cell proliferation. However, redundant signals from other angiogenic factors are likely sufficient to sustain normal endothelial cell migration and tube formation activity, thereby preserving baseline capillary density and exercise training-mediated angiogenesis in muscles lacking CXCL12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamada
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chihiro Hokazono
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Tokizawa
- National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuri Marui
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwata
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation, Nihon Fukushi University, Handa, Japan
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health & Human Physiology, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Shinji Miura
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Nagashima
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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22
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Yamada M, Iwata M, Warabi E, Oishi H, Lira VA, Okutsu M. p62/SQSTM1 and Nrf2 are essential for exercise‐mediated enhancement of antioxidant protein expression in oxidative muscle. FASEB J 2019; 33:8022-8032. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900133r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mami Yamada
- Graduate School of Natural SciencesNagoya City University Nagoya Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwata
- Department of RehabilitationFaculty of Health SciencesNihon Fukushi University Handa Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Tsukuba Tsukuba Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental MedicineGraduate School of Medical SciencesNagoya City University Nagoya Japan
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Health and Human PhysiologyObesity Research and Education InitiativeFraternal Order of Eagles (F.O.E.) Diabetes Research CenterAbboud Cardiovascular Research CenterPappajohn Biomedical InstituteThe University of Iowa Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Graduate School of Natural SciencesNagoya City University Nagoya Japan
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Loss of microRNA-23-27-24 clusters in skeletal muscle is not influential in skeletal muscle development and exercise-induced muscle adaptation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1092. [PMID: 30705375 PMCID: PMC6355808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small regulatory noncoding RNAs that repress gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Previous studies have reported that the expression of miR-23, miR-27, and miR-24, driven from two miR-23–27–24 clusters, is altered by various pathophysiological conditions. However, their functions in skeletal muscle have not been clarified. To define the roles of the miR-23–27–24 clusters in skeletal muscle, we generated double-knockout (dKO) mice muscle-specifically lacking the miR-23–27–24 clusters. The dKO mice were viable and showed normal growth. The contractile and metabolic features of the muscles, represented by the expression of the myosin heavy chain and the oxidative markers PGC1-α and COX IV, were not altered in the dKO mice compared with wild-type mice. The dKO mice showed increased cross-sectional areas of the oxidative fibers. However, this dKO did not induce functional changes in the muscles. The dKO mice also showed normal adaptation to voluntary wheel running for 4 weeks, including the glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber type switch, and increases in mitochondrial markers, succinate dehydrogenase activity, and angiogenesis. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the miR-23–27–24 clusters have subtle effects on skeletal muscle development and endurance-exercise-induced muscle adaptation.
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Oikawa S, Lee M, Motohashi N, Maeda S, Akimoto T. An inducible knockout of Dicer in adult mice does not affect endurance exercise-induced muscle adaptation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C285-C292. [PMID: 30540495 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00278.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The contractile and metabolic properties of adult skeletal muscle change in response to endurance exercise. The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation in exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptation, including fiber-type switching and mitochondrial biogenesis, have been investigated intensively, whereas the role of microRNA (miRNA)-mediated posttranscriptional gene regulation is less well understood. We used tamoxifen-inducible Dicer1 knockout (iDicer KO) mice to reduce the global expression of miRNAs in adult skeletal muscle and subjected these mice to 2 wk of voluntary wheel running. Dicer mRNA expression was completely depleted in fast-twitch plantaris muscle after tamoxifen injection. However, several muscle-enriched miRNAs, including miR-1 and miR-133a, were reduced by only 30-50% in both the slow and fast muscles. The endurance exercise-induced changes that occurred for many parameters (i.e., fast-to-slow fiber-type switch and increases in succinate dehydrogenase, respiratory chain complex II, and citrate synthase activity) in wild type (WT) also occurred in the iDicer KO mice. Protein expression of myosin heavy chain IIa, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, and cytochrome c complex IV was also increased in the iDicer KO mice by the voluntary running. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in oxygen consumption rate in the isolated mitochondria between the WT and iDicer KO mice. These data indicate that muscle-enriched miRNAs were detectable even after 4 wk of tamoxifen treatment and there was no apparent specific endurance-exercise-induced muscle phenotype in the iDicer KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Oikawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Minjung Lee
- Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Norio Motohashi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Seiji Maeda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Takayuki Akimoto
- Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan.,Laboratory of Muscle Biology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Perry CGR, Hawley JA. Molecular Basis of Exercise-Induced Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Historical Advances, Current Knowledge, and Future Challenges. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a029686. [PMID: 28507194 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We provide an overview of groundbreaking studies that laid the foundation for our current understanding of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis and its contribution to human skeletal muscle fitness. We highlight the mechanisms by which skeletal muscle responds to the acute perturbations in cellular energy homeostasis evoked by a single bout of endurance-based exercise and the adaptations resulting from the repeated demands of exercise training that ultimately promote mitochondrial biogenesis through hormetic feedback loops. Despite intense research efforts to elucidate the cellular mechanisms underpinning mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle, translating this basic knowledge into improved metabolic health at the population level remains a future challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G R Perry
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - John A Hawley
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne 3000, Australia.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Merseyside L3 5UA, United Kingdom
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Vandenbeek R, Khan NP, Estall JL. Linking Metabolic Disease With the PGC-1α Gly482Ser Polymorphism. Endocrinology 2018; 159:853-865. [PMID: 29186342 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α) is a highly conserved transcriptional coactivator enriched in metabolically active tissues including liver, adipose, pancreas, and muscle. It plays a role in regulating whole body energy metabolism and its deregulation has been implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). A single nucleotide variant of the PPARGC1A gene (rs8192678) is associated with T2D susceptibility, relative risk of obesity and insulin resistance, and lower indices of β cell function. This common polymorphism is within a highly conserved region of the bioactive protein and leads to a single amino acid substitution (glycine 482 to serine). Its prevalence and effects on metabolic parameters appear to vary depending on factors including ethnicity and sex, suggesting important interactions between genetics and cultural/environmental factors and associated disease risk. Interestingly, carriers of the serine allele respond better to some T2D interventions, illustrating the importance of understanding functional impacts of genetic variance on PGC-1α when targeting this pathway for personalized medicine. This review summarizes a growing body of literature surrounding possible links between the PGC-1α Gly482Ser single nucleotide polymorphism and diabetes, with focus on key clinical findings, affected metabolic systems, potential molecular mechanisms, and the influence of geographical or ethnic background on associated risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Vandenbeek
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Naveen P Khan
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Estall
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Call JA, Donet J, Martin KS, Sharma AK, Chen X, Zhang J, Cai J, Galarreta CA, Okutsu M, Du Z, Lira VA, Zhang M, Mehrad B, Annex BH, Klibanov AL, Bowler RP, Laubach VE, Peirce SM, Yan Z. Muscle-derived extracellular superoxide dismutase inhibits endothelial activation and protects against multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:212-223. [PMID: 28982599 PMCID: PMC5740866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a detrimental clinical complication in critically ill patients with high mortality. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress and endothelial activation (induced expression of adhesion molecules) of vital organ vasculatures are key, early steps in the pathogenesis. We aimed to ascertain the role and mechanism(s) of enhanced extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle in protection against MODS induced by endotoxemia. We showed that EcSOD overexpressed in skeletal muscle-specific transgenic mice (TG) redistributes to other peripheral organs through the circulation and enriches at the endothelium of the vasculatures. TG mice are resistant to endotoxemia (induced by lipopolysaccharide [LPS] injection) in developing MODS with significantly reduced mortality and organ damages compared with the wild type littermates (WT). Heterogenic parabiosis between TG and WT mice conferred a significant protection to WT mice, whereas mice with R213G knock-in mutation, a human single nucleotide polymorphism leading to reduced binding EcSOD in peripheral organs, exacerbated the organ damages. Mechanistically, EcSOD inhibits vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 expression and inflammatory leukocyte adhesion to the vascular wall of vital organs, blocking an early step of the pathology in organ damage under endotoxemia. Therefore, enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle profoundly protects against MODS by inhibiting endothelial activation and inflammatory cell adhesion, which could be a promising therapy for MODS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jean Donet
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Kyle S Martin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Ashish K Sharma
- Departments of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Xiaobin Chen
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan Province 410008, China
| | - Jiuzhi Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine and Institute of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliate Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province 116011, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Infectious Disease, First Affiliate Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Carolina A Galarreta
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhongmin Du
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vitor A Lira
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Brian H Annex
- Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Russell P Bowler
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Victor E Laubach
- Departments of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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28
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Shi D, Gu R, Song Y, Ding M, Huang T, Guo M, Xiao J, Huang W, Liao H. Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase IV (CaMKIV) Mediates Acute Skeletal Muscle Inflammatory Response. Inflammation 2017; 41:199-212. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Laker RC, Taddeo EP, Akhtar YN, Zhang M, Hoehn KL, Yan Z. The Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Regulator Cyclophilin D Exhibits Tissue-Specific Control of Metabolic Homeostasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167910. [PMID: 28005946 PMCID: PMC5179060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is a key regulator of mitochondrial function that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a critical regulator that directly binds to mPTP constituents to facilitate the pore opening. We previously found that global CypD knockout mice (KO) are protected from diet-induced glucose intolerance; however, the tissue-specific function of CypD and mPTP, particularly in the control of glucose homeostasis, has not been ascertained. To this end, we performed calcium retention capacity (CRC) assay to compare the importance of CypD in the liver versus skeletal muscle. We found that liver mitochondria are more dependent on CypD for mPTP opening than skeletal muscle mitochondria. To ascertain the tissue-specific role of CypD in metabolic homeostasis, we generated liver-specific and muscle-specific CypD knockout mice (LKO and MKO, respectively) and fed them either a chow diet or 45% high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks. MKO mice displayed similar body weight gain and glucose intolerance compared with wild type littermates (WT), whereas LKO mice developed greater visceral obesity, glucose intolerance and pyruvate intolerance compared with WT mice. These findings demonstrate that loss of muscle CypD is not sufficient to alter whole body glucose metabolism, while the loss of liver CypD exacerbates obesity and whole-body metabolic dysfunction in mice fed HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna C. Laker
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Evan P. Taddeo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Yasir N. Akhtar
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Kyle L. Hoehn
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
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30
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Lontay B, Bodoor K, Sipos A, Weitzel DH, Loiselle D, Safi R, Zheng D, Devente J, Hickner RC, McDonnell DP, Ribar T, Haystead TA. Pregnancy and Smoothelin-like Protein 1 (SMTNL1) Deletion Promote the Switching of Skeletal Muscle to a Glycolytic Phenotype in Human and Mice. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17985-17998. [PMID: 26048986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.658120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy promotes physiological adaptations throughout the body, mediated by the female sex hormones progesterone and estrogen. Changes in the metabolic properties of skeletal muscle enable the female body to cope with the physiological challenges of pregnancy and may also be linked to the development of insulin resistance. We conducted global microarray, proteomic, and metabolic analyses to study the role of the progesterone receptor and its transcriptional regulator, smoothelin-like protein 1 (SMTNL1) in the adaptation of skeletal muscle to pregnancy. We demonstrate that pregnancy promotes fiber-type changes from an oxidative to glycolytic isoform in skeletal muscle. This phenomenon is regulated through an interaction between SMTNL1 and progesterone receptor, which alters the expression of contractile and metabolic proteins. smtnl1(-/-) mice are metabolically less efficient and show impaired glucose tolerance. Pregnancy antagonizes these effects by inducing metabolic activity and increasing glucose tolerance. Our results suggest that SMTNL1 has a role in mediating the actions of steroid hormones to promote fiber switching in skeletal muscle during pregnancy. Our findings also bear on the management of gestational diabetes that develops as a complication of pregnancy in ~4% of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Lontay
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen-4032, Hungary
| | - Khaldon Bodoor
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen-4032, Hungary
| | - Douglas H Weitzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - David Loiselle
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Rachid Safi
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
| | - James Devente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Departments of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858; Department of Biokinetics, Exercise, and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Thomas Ribar
- Duke iPSC Shared Resource Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Timothy A Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
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31
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Traish AM, Abdallah B, Yu G. Androgen deficiency and mitochondrial dysfunction: implications for fatigue, muscle dysfunction, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2015; 8:431-44. [PMID: 25961343 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2011.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Among the major physiological functions of steroid hormones is regulation of carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism. Mitochondria, through oxidative phosphorylation, play a critical role in modulating a host of complex cellular metabolic pathways to produce chemical energy to meet the metabolic demand for cellular function. Thus, androgens may regulate cellular metabolism and energy production by increased mitochondrial numbers, activation of respiratory chain components, and increased transcription of mitochondrial-encoded respiratory chain genes that code for enzymes responsible for oxidative phosphorylation. Androgen deficiency is associated with increased insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome, obesity, and increased overall mortality. One common link among all these pathologies is mitochondrial dysfunction. Contemporary evidence exists suggesting that testosterone deficiency (TD) contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction, including structural alterations and reduced expression and activities of metabolic enzymes. Here, we postulate that TD contributes to symptoms of fatigue, insulin resistance, T2DM, cardiovascular risk, and metabolic syndrome through a common mechanism involving impairment of mitochondrial function.
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Chao H, Li H, Grande R, Lira V, Yan Z, Harris TE, Li C. Involvement of mTOR in Type 2 CRF Receptor Inhibition of Insulin Signaling in Muscle Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:831-41. [PMID: 25875045 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRFR2) is expressed in skeletal muscle and stimulation of the receptor has been shown to inhibit the effect of insulin on glucose uptake in muscle cells. Currently, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this process. In this study, we first showed that both in vivo and in vitro CRFR2 expression in muscle was closely correlated with insulin sensitivity, with elevated receptor levels observed in insulin resistant muscle cells. Stimulation of CRFR2 by urocortin 2 (Ucn 2), a CRFR2-selective ligand, in C2C12 myotubes greatly attenuated insulin-induced glucose uptake. The inhibitory effect of CRFR2 signaling required cAMP production and is involved the mammalian target of rapamycine pathway, as rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effect of CRFR2 stimulation on insulin-induced glucose uptake. Moreover, stimulation of CRFR2 failed to inhibit glucose uptake in muscle cells induced by platelet-derived growth factor, which, similar to insulin, signals through Akt-mediated pathway but is independently of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins to promote glucose uptake. This result argues that CRFR2 signaling modulates insulin's action likely at the levels of IRS. Consistent with this notion, Ucn 2 reduced insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, and treatment with rapamycin reversed the inhibitory effect of Ucn 2 on IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation. In conclusion, the inhibitory effect of CRFR2 signaling on insulin action is mediated by cAMP in a mammalian target of rapamycine-dependent manner, and IRS-1 is a key nodal point where CRFR2 signaling modulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Chao
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Haochen Li
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Rebecca Grande
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Vitor Lira
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Zhen Yan
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Thurl E Harris
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
| | - Chien Li
- Departments of Pharmacology (H.C., H.L., R.G., Z.Y., T.H., C.L.), Medicine (V.L., Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (Z.Y.), and Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (Z.Y.), University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
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Cohen TJ, Choi MC, Kapur M, Lira VA, Yan Z, Yao TP. HDAC4 regulates muscle fiber type-specific gene expression programs. Mol Cells 2015; 38:343-8. [PMID: 25728750 PMCID: PMC4400309 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fiber type-specific programs controlled by the transcription factor MEF2 dictate muscle functionality. Here, we show that HDAC4, a potent MEF2 inhibitor, is predominantly localized to the nuclei in fast/glycolytic fibers in contrast to the sarcoplasm in slow/oxidative fibers. The cytoplasmic localization is associated with HDAC4 hyper-phosphorylation in slow/oxidative-fibers. Genetic reprogramming of fast/glycolytic fibers to oxidative fibers by active CaMKII or calcineurin leads to increased HDAC4 phosphorylation, HDAC4 nuclear export, and an increase in markers associated with oxidative fibers. Indeed, HDAC4 represses the MEF2-dependent, PGC-1α-mediated oxidative metabolic gene program. Thus differential phosphorylation and localization of HDAC4 contributes to establishing fiber type-specific transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710,
USA
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599,
USA
| | - Moon-Chang Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710,
USA
| | - Meghan Kapur
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710,
USA
| | - Vitor A. Lira
- Department of Medicine, Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22908,
USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA22908,
USA
| | - Tso-Pang Yao
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710,
USA
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Ca2+-dependent regulations and signaling in skeletal muscle: from electro-mechanical coupling to adaptation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:1066-95. [PMID: 25569087 PMCID: PMC4307291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16011066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) plays a pivotal role in almost all cellular processes and ensures the functionality of an organism. In skeletal muscle fibers, Ca(2+) is critically involved in the innervation of skeletal muscle fibers that results in the exertion of an action potential along the muscle fiber membrane, the prerequisite for skeletal muscle contraction. Furthermore and among others, Ca(2+) regulates also intracellular processes, such as myosin-actin cross bridging, protein synthesis, protein degradation and fiber type shifting by the control of Ca(2+)-sensitive proteases and transcription factors, as well as mitochondrial adaptations, plasticity and respiration. These data highlight the overwhelming significance of Ca(2+) ions for the integrity of skeletal muscle tissue. In this review, we address the major functions of Ca(2+) ions in adult muscle but also highlight recent findings of critical Ca(2+)-dependent mechanisms essential for skeletal muscle-regulation and maintenance.
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Call JA, Chain KH, Martin KS, Lira VA, Okutsu M, Zhang M, Yan Z. Enhanced skeletal muscle expression of extracellular superoxide dismutase mitigates streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and aberrant cell signaling. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:188-97. [PMID: 25504759 PMCID: PMC4445759 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training enhances extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) expression in skeletal muscle and elicits positive health outcomes in individuals with diabetes mellitus. The goal of this study was to determine if enhanced skeletal muscle expression of EcSOD is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Exercise training promotes EcSOD expression in skeletal muscle and provides protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, it is not known if enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle plays a functional role in this protection. Here, we show that skeletal muscle-specific EcSOD transgenic mice are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction under the condition of type 1 diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin injection. We also show that both exercise training and muscle-specific transgenic expression of EcSOD result in elevated EcSOD protein in the blood and heart without increased transcription in the heart, suggesting that enhanced expression of EcSOD from skeletal muscle redistributes to the heart. Importantly, cardiac tissue in transgenic mice displayed significantly reduced oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammatory cytokine expression compared with wild-type mice under the same diabetic condition. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced expression of EcSOD in skeletal muscle is sufficient to mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy through attenuation of oxidative stress, aberrant cell signaling, and inflammation, suggesting a cross-organ mechanism by which exercise training improves cardiac function in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kristopher H Chain
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (J.A.C., K.H.C., V.A.L., M.O., M.Z., Z.Y.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering (K.S.M.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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Eilers W, Jaspers RT, de Haan A, Ferrié C, Valdivieso P, Flück M. CaMKII content affects contractile, but not mitochondrial, characteristics in regenerating skeletal muscle. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 14:7. [PMID: 25515219 PMCID: PMC4277655 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-014-0007-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background The multi-meric calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the main CaMK in skeletal muscle and its expression increases with endurance training. CaMK family members are implicated in contraction-induced regulation of calcium handling, fast myosin type IIA expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of an increased CaMKII content for the expression of the contractile and mitochondrial phenotype in vivo. Towards this end we attempted to co-express alpha- and beta-CaMKII isoforms in skeletal muscle and characterised the effect on the contractile and mitochondrial phenotype. Results Fast-twitch muscle m. gastrocnemius (GM) and slow-twitch muscle m. soleus (SOL) of the right leg of 3-month old rats were transfected via electro-transfer of injected expression plasmids for native α/β CaMKII. Effects were identified from the comparison to control-transfected muscles of the contralateral leg and non-transfected muscles. α/β CaMKII content in muscle fibres was 4-5-fold increased 7 days after transfection. The transfection rate was more pronounced in SOL than GM muscle (i.e. 12.6 vs. 3.5%). The overexpressed α/β CaMKII was functional as shown through increased threonine 287 phosphorylation of β-CaMKII after isometric exercise and down-regulated transcripts COXI, COXIV, SDHB after high-intensity exercise in situ. α/β CaMKII overexpression under normal cage activity accelerated excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation in SOL muscle in association with increased SERCA2, ANXV and fast myosin type IIA/X content but did not affect mitochondrial protein content. These effects were observed on a background of regenerating muscle fibres. Conclusion Elevated CaMKII content promotes a slow-to-fast type fibre shift in regenerating muscle but is not sufficient to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the absence of an endurance stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Eilers
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Richard T Jaspers
- Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Arnold de Haan
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom. .,Laboratory for Myology, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Céline Ferrié
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Flück
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Oxford Road, M1 5GD, Manchester, United Kingdom. .,Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zurich, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Okutsu M, Call JA, Lira VA, Zhang M, Donet JA, French BA, Martin KS, Peirce-Cottler SM, Rembold CM, Annex BH, Yan Z. Extracellular superoxide dismutase ameliorates skeletal muscle abnormalities, cachexia, and exercise intolerance in mice with congestive heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2014; 7:519-30. [PMID: 24523418 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cachexia (muscle wasting) and the hallmark symptom, exercise intolerance. We have previously shown that a nitric oxide-dependent antioxidant defense renders oxidative skeletal muscle resistant to catabolic wasting. Here, we aimed to identify and determine the functional role of nitric oxide-inducible antioxidant enzyme(s) in protection against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF. METHODS AND RESULTS We demonstrated that systemic administration of endogenous nitric oxide donor S-nitrosoglutathione in mice blocked the reduction of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) protein expression, as well as the induction of MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression and muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoid. We further showed that endogenous EcSOD, expressed primarily by type IId/x and IIa myofibers and enriched at endothelial cells, is induced by exercise training. Muscle-specific overexpression of EcSOD by somatic gene transfer or transgenesis (muscle creatine kinase [MCK]-EcSOD) in mice significantly attenuated muscle atrophy. Importantly, when crossbred into a mouse genetic model of CHF (α-myosin heavy chain-calsequestrin), MCK-EcSOD transgenic mice had significant attenuation of cachexia with preserved whole body muscle strength and endurance capacity in the absence of reduced HF. Enhanced EcSOD expression significantly ameliorated CHF-induced oxidative stress, MAFbx/Atrogin-1 mRNA expression, loss of mitochondria, and vascular rarefaction in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS EcSOD plays an important antioxidant defense function in skeletal muscle against cardiac cachexia and exercise intolerance in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Okutsu
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jarrod A Call
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Vitor A Lira
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Mei Zhang
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Jean A Donet
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brent A French
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Kyle S Martin
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Shayn M Peirce-Cottler
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Christopher M Rembold
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Brian H Annex
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.)
| | - Zhen Yan
- From the Departments of Medicine (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., C.M.R., B.H.A., Z.Y.), Pharmacology (Z.Y.), and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (Z.Y.), Center for Skeletal Muscle Research (M.O., J.A.C., V.A.L., M.Z., J.A.D., Z.Y.), Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA; and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (B.A.F., K.S.M., S.M.P.-C.).
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van de Weert – van Leeuwen PB, de Vrankrijker AMM, Fentz J, Ciofu O, Wojtaszewski JFP, Arets HGM, Hulzebos HJ, van der Ent CK, Beekman JM, Johansen HK. Effect of long-term voluntary exercise wheel running on susceptibility to bacterial pulmonary infections in a mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82869. [PMID: 24376599 PMCID: PMC3871638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular moderate exercise has been suggested to exert anti-inflammatory effects and improve immune effector functions, resulting in reduced disease incidence and viral infection susceptibility. Whether regular exercise also affects bacterial infection susceptibility is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether regular voluntary exercise wheel running prior to a pulmonary infection with bacteria (P. aeruginosa) affects lung bacteriology, sickness severity and phagocyte immune function in mice. Balb/c mice were randomly placed in a cage with or without a running wheel. After 28 days, mice were intranasally infected with P. aeruginosa. Our study showed that regular exercise resulted in a higher sickness severity score and bacterial (P. aeruginosa) loads in the lungs. The phagocytic capacity of monocytes and neutrophils from spleen and lungs was not affected. Although regular moderate exercise has many health benefits, healthy mice showed increased bacterial (P. aeruginosa) load and symptoms, after regular voluntary exercise, with perseverance of the phagocytic capacity of monocytes and neutrophils. Whether patients, suffering from bacterial infectious diseases, should be encouraged to engage in exercise and physical activities with caution requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline B. van de Weert – van Leeuwen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Joachim Fentz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oana Ciofu
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hubertus G. M. Arets
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus J. Hulzebos
- Child Development & Exercise Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis K. van der Ent
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey M. Beekman
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Intervention, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helle K. Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Holloszy JO. Regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and GLUT4 expression by exercise. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:921-40. [PMID: 23737207 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise training can induce large increases mitochondria and the GLUT4 isoform of the glucose transporter in skeletal muscle. For a long time after the discovery in the 1960s that exercise results in an increase in muscle mitochondria, there was no progress in elucidation of the mechanisms involved. The reason for this lack of progress was that nothing was known regarding how expression of the genes-encoding mitochondrial proteins is coordinately regulated. This situation changed rapidly after discovery of transcription factors that control transcription of genes-encoding mitochondrial proteins and, most importantly, the discovery of peroxisome proliferator-gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). This transcription coactivator binds to and activates transcription factors that regulate transcription of genes-encoding mitochondrial proteins. Thus, PGC-1α activates and coordinates mitochondrial biogenesis. It is now known that exercise rapidly activates and induces increased expression of PGC-1α. The exercise-generated signals that lead to PGC-1α activation and increased expression are the increases in cytosolic Ca(2+) and decreases in ATP and creatine phosphate (∼P). Ca(2+) mediates its effect by activating CAMKII, while the decrease in ∼P mediates its effect via activation of AMPK. Expression of the GLUT4 isoform of the glucose transporter is regulated in parallel with mitochondrial biogenesis via the same signaling pathways. This review describes what is known regarding the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and GLUT4 expression by exercise. A major component of this review deals with the physiological and metabolic consequences of the exercise-induced increase in mitochondria and GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Holloszy
- Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Wang SCM, Muscat GEO. Nuclear receptors and epigenetic signaling: novel regulators of glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:657-64. [PMID: 23846999 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen is an energy storage depot for the mammalian species. This review focuses on recent developments that have identified the role of nuclear hormone receptor (NR) signaling and epigenomic control in the regulation of important genes that modulate glycogen metabolism. Specifically, new studies have revealed that the NR4A subgroup (of the NR superfamily) are strikingly sensitive to beta-adrenergic stimulation in skeletal muscle, and transgenic studies in mice have revealed the expression of these NRs affects endurance and glycogen levels in muscle. Furthermore, other studies have demonstrated that one of the NR coregulator class of enzymes that mediate chromatin remodeling, the histone methyltransferases (for example, protein arginine methyltransferase 4) regulates the expression of several genes involved in glycogen metabolism and glycogen storage diseases in skeletal muscle. Importantly, NRs and histone methyltransferases, have the potential to be pharmacologically exploited and may provide novel targets in the quest to treat disorders of glycogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ching Mary Wang
- The University of Queensland, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Obesity Research Centre, Australia
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Lira VA, Okutsu M, Zhang M, Greene NP, Laker RC, Breen DS, Hoehn KL, Yan Z. Autophagy is required for exercise training-induced skeletal muscle adaptation and improvement of physical performance. FASEB J 2013; 27:4184-93. [PMID: 23825228 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-228486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pathological and physiological stimuli, including acute exercise, activate autophagy; however, it is unknown whether exercise training alters basal levels of autophagy and whether autophagy is required for skeletal muscle adaptation to training. We observed greater autophagy flux (i.e., a combination of increased LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and LC3-II levels and reduced p62 protein content indicating a higher rate of initiation and resolution of autophagic events), autophagy protein expression (i.e., Atg6/Beclin1, Atg7, and Atg8/LC3) and mitophagy protein Bnip3 expression in tonic, oxidative muscle compared to muscles of either mixed fiber types or of predominant glycolytic fibers in mice. Long-term voluntary running (4 wk) resulted in increased basal autophagy flux and expression of autophagy proteins and Bnip3 in parallel to mitochondrial biogenesis in plantaris muscle with mixed fiber types. Conversely, exercise training promoted autophagy protein expression with no significant increases of autophagy flux and mitochondrial biogenesis in the oxidative soleus muscle. We also observed increased basal autophagy flux and Bnip3 content without increases in autophagy protein expression in the plantaris muscle of sedentary muscle-specific Pgc-1α transgenic mice, a genetic model of augmented mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings reveal that endurance exercise training-induced increases in basal autophagy, including mitophagy, only take place if an enhanced oxidative phenotype is achieved. However, autophagy protein expression is mainly dictated by contractile activity independently of enhancements in oxidative phenotype. Exercise-trained mice heterozygous for the critical autophagy protein Atg6 showed attenuated increases of basal autophagy flux, mitochondrial content, and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle, along with impaired improvement of endurance capacity. These results demonstrate that increased basal autophagy is required for endurance exercise training-induced skeletal muscle adaptation and improvement of physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor A Lira
- 1University of Virginia School of Medicine, 409 Ln. Rd., MR4-6041A, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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Baltgalvis KA, Call JA, Cochrane GD, Laker RC, Yan Z, Lowe DA. Exercise training improves plantar flexor muscle function in mdx mice. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2013; 44:1671-9. [PMID: 22460476 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31825703f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the hypothesis that low-intensity exercise in mdx mice improves plantar flexor muscle contractile function, resistance to fatigue, and mitochondrial adaptations without exacerbating muscular dystrophy. METHODS We subjected mdx mice to 12 wk of voluntary low-resistance wheel running (Run, n = 17) or normal cage activities (sedentary (Sed), n = 16) followed by in vivo analyses for plantar flexor torque generation and fatigue resistance or running capacity on a treadmill. Gastrocnemius muscles were further evaluated for exercise-induced mitochondrial adaptations and fiber type distribution and central nuclei. t-tests were used to determine differences between the Sed and Run groups. RESULTS Plantar flexor submaximal isometric torques and maximal isometric torque at multiple ankle joint angles and resistance to fatigue were greater in Run compared with Sed mdx mice (P G 0.05). Citrate synthase and A-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase enzyme activities and cytochrome c oxidase IV protein expression in gastrocnemius muscles were greater in Run than in Sed mdx mice(P e 0.04), along with a trend of fiber type transformation from Type IIb to Type IIx fibers. Exercise training in mdx mice did not elevate serum creatine kinase levels but led to a significant reduction of centrally nucleated myofibers. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary low-resistance wheel running in mdx mice can result in skeletal muscle adaptation, leading to improved contractile function and reduced fatigability,with no indication that exercise was detrimental. This study supports the need for further investigation of low-intensity exercise as an early therapeutic intervention in ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
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Akimoto T, Okuhira K, Aizawa K, Wada S, Honda H, Fukubayashi T, Ushida T. Skeletal muscle adaptation in response to mechanical stress in p130cas−/− mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 304:C541-7. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00243.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles undergo adaptation in response to changes in the functional demands upon them, involving mechanical-stress-induced cellular signaling called “mechanotransduction.” We hypothesized that p130Cas, which is reported to act as a mechanosensor that transduces mechanical extension into cellular signaling, plays an important role in maintaining and promoting skeletal muscle adaptation in response to mechanical stress via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. We demonstrate that muscle-specific p130Cas−/− mice express the contractile proteins normally in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, muscle-specific p130Cas−/− mice show normal mechanical-stress-induced muscle adaptation, including exercise-induced IIb-to-IIa muscle fiber type transformation and hypertrophy. Finally, we provide evidence that exercise-induced p38 MAPK signaling is not impaired by the muscle-specific deletion of p130Cas. We conclude that p130Cas plays a limited role in mechanical-stress-induced skeletal muscle adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Akimoto
- Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanako Okuhira
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan; and
| | - Katsuji Aizawa
- Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Wada
- Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Honda
- Department of Disease Model, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Fukubayashi
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Waseda University, Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Ushida
- Division of Regenerative Medical Engineering, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Gariani K, Philippe J, Jornayvaz FR. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance: from bench to bedside. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2012; 39:16-26. [PMID: 23266468 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most frequent chronic liver disease in the developed countries. There is also growing evidence from basic and clinical research that NAFLD has a strong relationship to insulin resistance, which is a key factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent important findings linking NAFLD and insulin resistance. Lipid accumulation, particularly of diacylglycerol, appears to be of major importance in this process. Mitochondrial dysfunction, through decreased mitochondrial biogenesis, increases oxidative stress, and ageing also plays an important role. Finally, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation also probably contribute to the development of insulin resistance via mechanisms that are still not well understood. Clinical aspects of NAFLD, such as its diagnosis and management, are also investigated in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Geneva University Hospitals, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Ojuka EO, Goyaram V, Smith JAH. The role of CaMKII in regulating GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E322-31. [PMID: 22496345 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00091.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contractile activity during physical exercise induces an increase in GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle, helping to improve glucose transport capacity and insulin sensitivity. An important mechanism by which exercise upregulates GLUT4 is through the activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in response to elevated levels of cytosolic Ca(2+) during muscle contraction. This review discusses the mechanism by which Ca(2+) activates CaMKII, explains research techniques currently used to alter CaMK activity in cells, and highlights various exercise models and pharmacological agents that have been used to provide evidence that CaMKII plays an important role in regulating GLUT4 expression. With regard to transcriptional mechanisms, the key research studies that identified myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and GLUT4 enhancer factor as the major transcription factors regulating glut4 gene expression, together with their binding domains, are underlined. Experimental evidence showing that CaMK activation induces hyperacetylation of histones in the vicinity of the MEF2 domain and increases MEF2 binding to its cis element to influence MEF2-dependent Glut4 gene expression are also given along with data suggesting that p300 might be involved in acetylating histones on the Glut4 gene. Finally, an appraisal of the roles of other calcium- and non-calcium-dependent mechanisms, including the major HDAC kinases in GLUT4 expression, is also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O Ojuka
- University of Capetown/Medical Research Center Research Unit for Exercise Science & Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Univeristy of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Bloemberg D, Quadrilatero J. Rapid determination of myosin heavy chain expression in rat, mouse, and human skeletal muscle using multicolor immunofluorescence analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35273. [PMID: 22530000 PMCID: PMC3329435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue comprised of fibers with different morphological, functional, and metabolic properties. Different muscles contain varying proportions of fiber types; therefore, accurate identification is important. A number of histochemical methods are used to determine muscle fiber type; however, these techniques have several disadvantages. Immunofluorescence analysis is a sensitive method that allows for simultaneous evaluation of multiple MHC isoforms on a large number of fibers on a single cross-section, and offers a more precise means of identifying fiber types. In this investigation we characterized pure and hybrid fiber type distribution in 10 rat and 10 mouse skeletal muscles, as well as human vastus lateralis (VL) using multicolor immunofluorescence analysis. In addition, we determined fiber type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) activity. Using this procedure we were able to easily identify pure and hybrid fiber populations in rat, mouse, and human muscle. Hybrid fibers were identified in all species and made up a significant portion of the total population in some rat and mouse muscles. For example, rat mixed gastrocnemius (MG) contained 12.2% hybrid fibers whereas mouse white tibialis anterior (WTA) contained 12.1% hybrid fibers. Collectively, we outline a simple and time-efficient method for determining MHC expression in skeletal muscle of multiple species. In addition, we provide a useful resource of the pure and hybrid fiber type distribution, fiber CSA, and relative fiber type-specific SDH and GPD activity in a number of rat and mouse muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Bloemberg
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe Quadrilatero
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jensen TE, Leutert R, Rasmussen ST, Mouatt JR, Christiansen MLB, Jensen BR, Richter EA. EMG-normalised kinase activation during exercise is higher in human gastrocnemius compared to soleus muscle. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31054. [PMID: 22347426 PMCID: PMC3275615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, certain proteins show a highly confined expression in specific muscle groups. Also, resting and exercise/contraction-induced phosphorylation responses are higher in rat skeletal muscle with low mitochondrial content compared to muscles with high mitochondrial content, possibly related to differential reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging ability or resting glycogen content. To evaluate these parameters in humans, biopsies from soleus, gastrocnemius and vastus lateralis muscles were taken before and after a 45 min inclined (15%) walking exercise bout at 69% VO2max aimed at simultaneously activating soleus and gastrocnemius in a comparable dynamic work-pattern. Hexokinase II and GLUT4 were 46–59% and 26–38% higher (p<0.05) in soleus compared to the two other muscles. The type I muscle fiber percentage was highest in soleus and lowest in vastus lateralis. No differences were found in protein expression of signalling proteins (AMPK subunits, eEF2, ERK1/2, TBC1D1 and 4), mitochondrial markers (F1 ATPase and COX1) or ROS-handling enzymes (SOD2 and catalase). Gastrocnemius was less active than soleus measured as EMG signal and glycogen use yet gastrocnemius displayed larger increases than soleus in phosphorylation of AMPK Thr172, eEF2 Thr56 and ERK 1/2 Thr202/Tyr204 when normalised to the mean relative EMG-signal. In conclusion, proteins with muscle-group restricted expression in mice do not show this pattern in human lower extremity muscle groups. Nonetheless the phosphorylation-response is greater for a number of kinase signalling pathways in human gastrocnemius than soleus at a given activation-intensity. This may be due to the combined subtle effects of a higher type I muscle fiber content and higher training status in soleus compared to gastrocnemius muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nakazato K, Tsutaki A. Regulatory mechanisms of muscle fiber types and their possible interactions with external nutritional stimuli. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND SPORTS MEDICINE 2012. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.1.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Norrbom J, Sällstedt EK, Fischer H, Sundberg CJ, Rundqvist H, Gustafsson T. Alternative splice variant PGC-1α-b is strongly induced by exercise in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E1092-8. [PMID: 21862727 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00119.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether exercise induces the expression of PGC-1α splice variants in human skeletal muscle and the possible influence of metabolic perturbation on this response. The subjects exercised one leg for 45 min with restricted blood flow (R-leg), followed by 45 min of exercise using the other leg at the same absolute workload but with normal blood flow (NR-leg). This ischemic model (R-leg) has been shown previously to induce a greater metabolic perturbation and enhance the expression of PGC-1α beyond that observed in the NR-leg. Cultured human myotubes were used to test suggested exercise-induced regulatory stimuli of PGC-1α. We showed, for the first time, that transcripts from both the canonical promoter (PGC-1α-a) and the proposed upstream-located promoter (PGC-1α-b) are present in human skeletal muscle. Both transcripts were upregulated after exercise in the R-leg, but the fold change increase of PGC-1α-b was much greater than that of PGC-1α-a. No differences were observed between the two conditions regarding the marker for calcineurin activation, MCIP1, or p38 phosphorylation. AMPK phosphorylation increased to a greater extent in the R-leg, and AICAR stimulation of cultured human myotubes induced the expression of PGC-1α-a and PGC-1α-b. AICAR combined with norepinephrine yielded an additive effect on the PGC-1α-b expression only. Our results indicate clearly that exercise can activate an upstream promoter in humans and support AMPK as a major regulator of transcripts from the canonical PGC-1α promoter and the involvement of β-adrenergic stimulation in combination with AMPK in the regulation of PGC-1α-b.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Norrbom
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscle comprises different fiber types, whose identity is first established during embryonic development by intrinsic myogenic control mechanisms and is later modulated by neural and hormonal factors. The relative proportion of the different fiber types varies strikingly between species, and in humans shows significant variability between individuals. Myosin heavy chain isoforms, whose complete inventory and expression pattern are now available, provide a useful marker for fiber types, both for the four major forms present in trunk and limb muscles and the minor forms present in head and neck muscles. However, muscle fiber diversity involves all functional muscle cell compartments, including membrane excitation, excitation-contraction coupling, contractile machinery, cytoskeleton scaffold, and energy supply systems. Variations within each compartment are limited by the need of matching fiber type properties between different compartments. Nerve activity is a major control mechanism of the fiber type profile, and multiple signaling pathways are implicated in activity-dependent changes of muscle fibers. The characterization of these pathways is raising increasing interest in clinical medicine, given the potentially beneficial effects of muscle fiber type switching in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Schiaffino
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neurosciences, and Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Institute of Neurosciences, and Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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