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Zhu Y, Zhai S, Li B, Zhao Z, Xie J, Ren T. Wild Rosa roxburghii Tratt Juices Grown at Different Altitudes Regulate Blood Glucose in Type 1 Diabetic Mice via the PI3K/Akt Pathway. J Med Food 2023; 26:831-842. [PMID: 37890111 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore hypoglycemic effect of wild Rosa roxburghii tratt (RRT) juice at different altitudes on type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The T1DM mouse model was induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and the experiment included a normal group (NC), model group (MC), wild RRT juice groups high (HF), medium (MF), low altitude (DF) and cultivated control group (PC). During experiment, food intake, water intake, body weight, and fasting blood glucose were measured. After 28 days of administration, glucose tolerance, glycogen level, lipid profiles, and antioxidation levels in serum and liver were measured, and histomorphological changes of liver and kidney were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The results showed that wild RRT juice reduced blood glucose level, alleviated liver and kidney tissue damage, improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and attenuated oxidative damage in T1DM mice. Western blot showed that wild RRT juice at grown at different altitudes significantly increased protein abundance of PI3K, Akt, and GLUT2 in liver of T1DM mice. In conclusion, wild RRT juice from different altitudes improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative damage in T1DM mice, which may be attributed to activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Overall effect: MF > PC > HF > DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Suzhen Zhai
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bei Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ziyi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Storage and Processing Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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2
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Mengr A, Strnadová V, Strnad Š, Vrkoslav V, Pelantová H, Kuzma M, Comptdaer T, Železná B, Kuneš J, Galas MC, Pačesová A, Maletínská L. Feeding High-Fat Diet Accelerates Development of Peripheral and Central Insulin Resistance and Inflammation and Worsens AD-like Pathology in APP/PS1 Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3690. [PMID: 37686722 PMCID: PMC10490051 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder characterized by extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated Tau protein and neuroinflammation. Previous research has shown that obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, underlined by insulin resistance (IR), are risk factors for neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, obesity-induced peripheral and central IR and inflammation were studied in relation to AD-like pathology in the brains and periphery of APP/PS1 mice, a model of Aβ pathology, fed a high-fat diet (HFD). APP/PS1 mice and their wild-type controls fed either a standard diet or HFD were characterized at the ages of 3, 6 and 10 months by metabolic parameters related to obesity via mass spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to quantify how obesity affected AD pathology. The HFD induced substantial peripheral IR leading to central IR. APP/PS1-fed HFD mice had more pronounced IR, glucose intolerance and liver steatosis than their WT controls. The HFD worsened Aβ pathology in the hippocampi of APP/PS1 mice and significantly supported both peripheral and central inflammation. This study reveals a deleterious effect of obesity-related mild peripheral inflammation and prediabetes on the development of Aβ and Tau pathology and neuroinflammation in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mengr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Veronika Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Štěpán Strnad
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Helena Pelantová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CNRS, LilNCog-Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, F-59000 Lille, France; (T.C.); (M.-C.G.)
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (V.S.); (Š.S.); (V.V.); (B.Ž.); (J.K.)
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3
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Oh J, Riek AE, Bauerle KT, Dusso A, McNerney KP, Barve RA, Darwech I, Sprague JE, Moynihan C, Zhang RM, Kutz G, Wang T, Xing X, Li D, Mrad M, Wigge NM, Castelblanco E, Collin A, Bambouskova M, Head RD, Sands MS, Bernal-Mizrachi C. Embryonic vitamin D deficiency programs hematopoietic stem cells to induce type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3278. [PMID: 37311757 PMCID: PMC10264405 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors may alter the fetal genome to cause metabolic diseases. It is unknown whether embryonic immune cell programming impacts the risk of type 2 diabetes in later life. We demonstrate that transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) made vitamin D deficient in utero induce diabetes in vitamin D-sufficient mice. Vitamin D deficiency epigenetically suppresses Jarid2 expression and activates the Mef2/PGC1a pathway in HSCs, which persists in recipient bone marrow, resulting in adipose macrophage infiltration. These macrophages secrete miR106-5p, which promotes adipose insulin resistance by repressing PIK3 catalytic and regulatory subunits and down-regulating AKT signaling. Vitamin D-deficient monocytes from human cord blood have comparable Jarid2/Mef2/PGC1a expression changes and secrete miR-106b-5p, causing adipocyte insulin resistance. These findings suggest that vitamin D deficiency during development has epigenetic consequences impacting the systemic metabolic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Oh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy E Riek
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin T Bauerle
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adriana Dusso
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kyle P McNerney
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Isra Darwech
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Clare Moynihan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rong M Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Greta Kutz
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daofeng Li
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marguerite Mrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas M Wigge
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Alejandro Collin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Monika Bambouskova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mark S Sands
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carlos Bernal-Mizrachi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Montazeri M, Zarkesh M, Zadeh-Vakili A, Khalili D, Movahedi M, Khalaj A. Association of physical activity with increased PI3K and Akt mRNA levels in adipose tissues of obese and non-obese adults. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9291. [PMID: 37286617 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. We examined the association of PI3K and Akt expression in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) with daily physical activity (PA) in non-diabetic obese and non-obese adults. In this cross-sectional study, we included 105 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 71 non-obese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) subjects (aged/ ≥ 18 years). PA was measured using a valid and reliable International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ)-long-form, and the metabolic equivalent of task(MET) was calculated. Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the mRNA relative expression. VAT PI3K expression had a lower level in obese compared to non-obese (P = 0.015), while its expression was higher in active individuals than inactive ones (P = 0.029). SAT PI3K expression was increased in active individuals compared to inactive ones (P = 0.031). There was a rise in VAT Akt expression in the actives compared to the inactive participants (P = 0.037) and in non-obese/active compared to non-obese/inactive individuals (P = 0.026). Obese individuals had a decreased expression level of SAT Akt compared to non-obsesses (P = 0.005). VAT PI3K was directly and significantly associated with PA in obsesses (β = 1.457, P = 0.015). Positive association between PI3K and PA suggests beneficial effects of PA for obese individuals that can be partly described by PI3K/Akt pathway acceleration in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Montazeri
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Azita Zadeh-Vakili
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davood Khalili
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monireh Movahedi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Department of Surgery, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Acosta-Martinez M, Cabail MZ. The PI3K/Akt Pathway in Meta-Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315330. [PMID: 36499659 PMCID: PMC9740745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global epidemic representing a serious public health burden as it is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, stroke and all-cause mortality. Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, also known as meta-inflammation, is thought to underly obesity's negative health consequences, which include insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. Meta-inflammation is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells in adipose tissue, a deregulation in the synthesis and release of adipokines and a pronounced increase in the production of proinflammatory factors. In this state, the infiltration of macrophages and their metabolic activation contributes to complex paracrine and autocrine signaling, which sustains a proinflammatory microenvironment. A key signaling pathway mediating the response of macrophages and adipocytes to a microenvironment of excessive nutrients is the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. This multifaceted network not only transduces metabolic information but also regulates macrophages' intracellular changes, which are responsible for their phenotypic switch towards a more proinflammatory state. In the present review, we discuss how the crosstalk between macrophages and adipocytes contributes to meta-inflammation and provide an overview on the involvement of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and how its impairment contributes to the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricedes Acosta-Martinez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Maria Zulema Cabail
- Biological Science Department, State University of New York-College at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wang G, Liu Z, Liang D, Yu J, Wang T, Zhou F, Chen W. Aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum ameliorates glucose and lipid metabolism via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14402. [PMID: 36226981 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the protective effects and elucidate the mechanisms of aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum (PSAE) on glucolipid metabolism during the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). C57BL/6J mice fed with 60% high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injection to simulate the occurrence process of T2DM. PSAE was administered daily by oral gavage during the experiment. The results demonstrated the protective effects in mice supplied with PSAE on the indicators of glycolipid metabolism (body weight, fasting blood glucose, the area under the curve, hemoglobin A1c, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and liver triglyceride) compared with the Model group mice. Furthermore, PSAE can ameliorate insulin resistance in mice liver by activating phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway signaling. Overall, our research suggested that PSAE can effectively regulate glucose and lipid metabolism during the development of T2DM as an alternative functional food. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease which is characterized by abnormal metabolism of glucose and lipoid and nowadays it has been one of the most representative chronic systemic progressive metabolic diseases. Polygonatum sibiricum is a traditional Chinese galenical and it also can be used as food ingredients. PSAE is the aqueous extract of Polygonatum sibiricum. 34% polysaccharides were detected in PSAE and it can effectively regulate glucose and lipid metabolism during the development of T2DM in mice. Thus, PSAE might be a promising functional food for regulation of glucolipid metabolism and the study also provides a theoretical basis for the development and application of food about Polygonatum sibiricum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjun Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengxiang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Di Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinchuan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fuding Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenjun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Li T, Xu L, Yan Q, Liu J, Jiang Z. Sucrose-free hawthorn leathers formulated with fructooligosaccharides and xylooligosaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet induced inflammation, glucose and lipid metabolism in liver of mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Lopez-Tello J, Salazar-Petres E, Webb L, Fowden AL, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Ablation of PI3K-p110alpha Impairs Maternal Metabolic Adaptations to Pregnancy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:928210. [PMID: 35846351 PMCID: PMC9283861 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.928210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy requires adaptations in maternal metabolism to support fetal growth. The phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway controls multiple biological processes and defects in this pathway are linked to metabolic disorders including insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in non-pregnant animals. However, relatively little is known about the contribution of PI3K signalling to the maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy. Using mice with partial inactivation of the PI3K isoform, p110α (due to a heterozygous dominant negative mutation; Pik3ca-D933A), the effects of impaired PI3K-p110α signalling on glucose and insulin handling were examined in the pregnant and non-pregnant states and related to the morphological, molecular, and mitochondrial changes in key metabolic organs. The results show that non-pregnant mice lacking PI3K-p110α are glucose intolerant but exhibit compensatory increases in pancreatic glucose-stimulated insulin release and adipose tissue mitochondrial respiratory capacity and fatty acid oxidation. However, in pregnancy, mutant mice failed to show the normal increment in glucose intolerance and pancreatic β-cell mass observed in wild-type pregnant dams and exhibited further enhanced adipose tissue mitochondrial respiratory capacity. These maladaptations in pregnant mutant mice were associated with fetal growth restriction. Hence, PI3K-p110α is a key regulator of metabolic adaptations that support fetal growth during normal pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amanda N. Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Puerarin Attenuates Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Macrophages and TNF-Alpha in Obese Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010175. [PMID: 35052852 PMCID: PMC8773888 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity causes low-grade inflammation that results in dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. We evaluated the effect of puerarin on obesity and metabolic complications both in silico and in vivo and investigated the underlying immunological mechanisms. Twenty C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal chow, control (HFD), HFD + puerarin (PUE) 200 mg/kg, and HFD + atorvastatin (ATO) 10 mg/kg groups. We examined bodyweight, oral glucose tolerance test, serum insulin, oral fat tolerance test, serum lipids, and adipocyte size. We also analyzed the percentage of total, M1, and M2 adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and the expression of F4/80, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, CCL5, and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4. In silico, we identified the treatment-targeted genes of puerarin and simulated molecular docking with puerarin and TNF, M1, and M2 macrophages based on functionally enriched pathways. Puerarin did not significantly change bodyweight but significantly improved fat pad weight, adipocyte size, fat area in the liver, free fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol in vivo. In addition, puerarin significantly decreased the ATM population and TNF-α expression. Therefore, puerarin is a potential anti-obesity treatment based on its anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue.
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhong YJ, Yang CF, Chen L, Wu D, Song MW, Shi L, Ma ZH, Li L, Li YW. Methyl ferulic acid ameliorates alcohol-induced hepatic insulin resistance via miR-378b-mediated activation of PI3K-AKT pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112462. [PMID: 34844105 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study indicated that microRNA-378b (miR-378b) plays a critical role in controlling hepatic insulin resistance by targeting insulin receptor (IR) and p110α in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Methyl ferulic acid (MFA), a bioactive ingredient in Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk rhizomes, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities. It has been reported that MFA ameliorates insulin resistance in ALD, whereas the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. The objective of study was to evaluate the influence of MFA on insulin sensitivity in ethanol-induced L-02 cells as well as alcohol-fed mice and illuminate the function of miR-378b-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in system. MFA was found to remarkably down-regulate miR-378b level and increase IR and p110α expressions. Furthermore, the effect of MFA on modulating miR-378b/PI3K-AKT pathway to enhance insulin sensitivity was corroborated by overexpressing and inhibiting miR-378b. Taken together, MFA exhibited a positive effect against ALD by attenuating the inhibition of miR-378b on IR/p110α and partly activating the insulin signaling to alleviate alcohol-induced hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Meng-Wei Song
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Zu-Heng Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.
| | - Yong-Wen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China; Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin, China.
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Zhu J, Wu M, Zhou H, Cheng L, Wei X, Wang Y. Liubao brick tea activates the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to lower blood glucose, metabolic disorders and insulin resistance via altering the intestinal flora. Food Res Int 2021; 148:110594. [PMID: 34507739 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and its related metabolic disorders are worldwide public health issues. Many studies have shown that changes in the structure and composition of the intestinal flora are closely related to the host's physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we aim to explore the effect of Liubao tea (LBT) extract on hyperglycemic mice with metabolic disorders and intestinal flora dysbiosis and to further study its regulatory effect on insulin resistance and its potential regulatory mechanism. Our results show that LBT had a good hypoglycemic effect and could significantly alleviate the metabolic disorder evoked by hyperglycemia. The gut microbial sequencing showed that LBT treatment increased the diversity of intestinal flora, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and reduced the abundance of harmful or conditional pathogenic bacteria, as well as significantly altered 39 of the top 50 OTUs with abundance. Besides, LBT could activate the PI3K-Akt-PPARs-GLUT2 cascade signaling pathway to improve metabolic disorders, thereby alleviating insulin resistance. These results suggest that LBT has excellent potential to become a natural functional food for the prevention of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxiong Zhu
- Institute of Food Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Meirong Wu
- Institute of Food Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Institute of Food Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Lizeng Cheng
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinlin Wei
- Institute of Food Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China; Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wang
- Institute of Food Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200234, China.
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12
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Cheung YMM, McDonnell M, Hamnvik OPR. A targeted approach to phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin-induced hyperglycemia. Curr Probl Cancer 2021; 46:100776. [PMID: 34376311 DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2021.100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway inhibitors are a novel class of antineoplastic agent available for the treatment of various cancers. With improved cancer outcomes and survival, individuals are exposed to these antineoplastic therapies for longer periods of time and therefore, the consideration of adverse effects is of increasing importance. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway plays a critical role in regulating cellular processes such as growth and proliferation, but also regulates the metabolic effects of insulin such as glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Therefore, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are frequently reported adverse effects. There are no recent consensus guidelines on the management of hyperglycemia secondary to PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors, with the latest guidelines produced in 2012 - when many of these agents were still undergoing development. As we now have a greater understanding of the underlying mechanisms and patterns in which hyperglycemia is induced and access to an increasing array of glucose-lowering agents, an update of the previous guidelines accommodating these understandings and developments is timely. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of the current literature with regards to the incidence of hyperglycemia associated with each agent, as well as the different pathways and mechanisms in which hyperglycemia is induced. Our proposed up-to-date strategy for the specific management of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitor-induced hyperglycemia will also aim to facilitate management of this complex oncological population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Ming Melody Cheung
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Endocrine Unit, Austin Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie McDonnell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ole-Petter Riksfjord Hamnvik
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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13
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Chung KW. Advances in Understanding of the Role of Lipid Metabolism in Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040880. [PMID: 33924316 PMCID: PMC8068994 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, body adiposity increases with changes in the metabolism of lipids and their metabolite levels. Considering lipid metabolism, excess adiposity with increased lipotoxicity leads to various age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the multifaceted nature and complexities of lipid metabolism make it difficult to delineate its exact mechanism and role during aging. With advances in genetic engineering techniques, recent studies have demonstrated that changes in lipid metabolism are associated with aging and age-related diseases. Lipid accumulation and impaired fatty acid utilization in organs are associated with pathophysiological phenotypes of aging. Changes in adipokine levels contribute to aging by modulating changes in systemic metabolism and inflammation. Advances in lipidomic techniques have identified changes in lipid profiles that are associated with aging. Although it remains unclear how lipid metabolism is regulated during aging, or how lipid metabolites impact aging, evidence suggests a dynamic role for lipid metabolism and its metabolites as active participants of signaling pathways and regulators of gene expression. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of lipid metabolism in aging, including established findings and recent approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46214, Korea
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14
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Organismal roles for the PI3Kα and β isoforms: their specificity, redundancy or cooperation is context-dependent. Biochem J 2021; 478:1199-1225. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PI3Ks are important lipid kinases that produce phosphoinositides phosphorylated in position 3 of the inositol ring. There are three classes of PI3Ks: class I PI3Ks produce PIP3 at plasma membrane level. Although D. melanogaster and C. elegans have only one form of class I PI3K, vertebrates have four class I PI3Ks called isoforms despite being encoded by four different genes. Hence, duplication of these genes coincides with the acquisition of coordinated multi-organ development. Of the class I PI3Ks, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ, encoded by PIK3CA and PIK3CB, are ubiquitously expressed. They present similar putative protein domains and share PI(4,5)P2 lipid substrate specificity. Fifteen years after publication of their first isoform-selective pharmacological inhibitors and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) that mimic their complete and specific pharmacological inhibition, we review the knowledge gathered in relation to the redundant and selective roles of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Recent data suggest that, further to their redundancy, they cooperate for the integration of organ-specific and context-specific signal cues, to orchestrate organ development, physiology, and disease. This knowledge reinforces the importance of isoform-selective inhibitors in clinical settings.
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15
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Hedges CP, Boix J, Jaiswal JK, Shetty B, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. Efficacy of Providing the PI3K p110α Inhibitor BYL719 (Alpelisib) to Middle-Aged Mice in Their Diet. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020150. [PMID: 33503847 PMCID: PMC7911305 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BYL719 (alpelisib) is a small molecule inhibitor of PI3K p110α developed for cancer therapy. Targeted suppression of PI3K has led to lifespan extension in rodents and model organisms. If PI3K inhibitors are to be considered as an aging therapeutic, it is important to understand the potential consequences of long-term exposure, and the most practical way to achieve this is through diet administration. Here, we investigated the pharmacokinetics of BYL719 delivered in diet and the efficacy of BYL719 to suppress insulin signaling when administered in the diet of 8-month-old male and female mice. Compared to oral gavage, diet incorporation resulted in a lower peak plasma BYL719 (3.6 vs. 9.2 μM) concentration but similar half-life (~1.5 h). Consuming BYL719 resulted in decreased insulin signaling in liver and muscle within 72 h, and mice still showed impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity following 6 weeks of access to a diet containing 0.3 g/kg BYL719. However, consuming BYL719 did not affect food intake, body mass, muscle function (rotarod and hang time performance) or cognitive behaviors. This provides evidence that BYL719 has long-term efficacy without major toxicity or side effects, and suggests that administering BYL719 in diet is suitable for studying the effect of pharmacological suppression of PI3K p110α on aging and metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P. Hedges
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
| | - Jordi Boix
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Jagdish K. Jaiswal
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Bhoopika Shetty
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
| | - Peter R. Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.P.H.); (B.S.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (J.K.J.); (P.R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-923-6372
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16
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Peng H, Mu P, Li H, Lin S, Lin C, Lin K, Liu K, Zeng W, Zeng L. Caveolin-1 Is Essential for the Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity through AKT Activation during Glargine Treatment on Diabetic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:9943344. [PMID: 34917687 PMCID: PMC8670926 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9943344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin treatment was confirmed to reduce insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is a functional protein of the membrane lipid rafts, known as caveolae, and is widely expressed in mammalian adipose tissue. There is increasing evidence that show the involvement of Cav-1 in the AKT activation, which is responsible for insulin sensitivity. Our aim was to investigate the effect of Cav-1 depletion on insulin sensitivity and AKT activation in glargine-treated type 2 diabetic mice. Mice were exposed to a high-fat diet and subject to intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to induce diabetes. Next, glargine was administered to treat T2DM mice for 3 weeks (insulin group). The expression of Cav-1 was then silenced by injecting lentiviral-vectored short hairpin RNA (shRNA) through the tail vein of glargine-treated T2DM mice (CAV1-shRNA group), while scramble virus injection was used as a negative control (Ctrl-shRNA group). The results showed that glargine was able to upregulate the expression of PI3K and activate serine phosphorylation of AKT through the upregulation of Cav-1 expression in paraepididymal adipose tissue of the insulin group. However, glargine treatment could not activate AKT pathway in Cav-1 silenced diabetic mice. These results suggest that Cav-1 is essential for the activation of AKT and improving insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic mice during glargine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangya Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Ward 2 of Coronary Heart Diseases Centre, Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Panwei Mu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chuwen Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Keyi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kunying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Longyi Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
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17
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Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction () Ameliorates Glycolipid Metabolism and Inflammation via PI3K-Akt/mTOR-S6K1/AMPK-PGC-1 α Signaling Pathways in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 28:52-59. [PMID: 33211278 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effects of modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction (, MLZD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, on obese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. METHODS Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups by a random number table, including normal, obese T2DM (ob-T2DM), MLZD low-dose [MLDZ-L, 4.625 g/(kg·d)], MLZD middle-dose [MLD-M, 9.25 g/(kg·d) ] and MLZD high-dose [MLD-H, 18.5 g/(kg·d)] groups, 10 rats in each group. After 4-week intervention, blood samples and liver, pancreas, muscle tissues were collected to assess the insulin resistance (IR), blood lipid, adipokines and inflammation cytokines. The alteration of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB or Akt)/the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-ribosome protein subunit 6 kinase 1 (S6K1 )/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 α) pathways were also studied. RESULTS MLZD dose-dependently reduced fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for IR index and increased insulin sensitive index compared with ob-T2DM rats (P<0.05). Similarly, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and free fatty acids were also decreased compared with ob-T2DM rats after 4-week treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Improvements in adipokines and inflammatory cytokines were observed with a raised level of adiponectin and a reduced level of leptin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). MLZD regulated the PI3K-Akt/mTOR-S6K1/AMPK-PGC-1 α pathways and restored the tissue structure of liver and pancreas (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS MLZD ameliorated glycolipid metabolism and inflammation, which may be attributed to the regulation of PI3K-Akt/mTOR-S6K1/AMPK-PGC-1 α pathways.
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18
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Abstract
Elevated circulating insulin levels are frequently observed in the setting of obesity and early type 2 diabetes, as a result of insensitivity of metabolic tissues to the effects of insulin. Higher levels of circulating insulin have been associated with increased cancer risk and progression in epidemiology studies. Elevated circulating insulin is believed to be a major factor linking obesity, diabetes and cancer. With the development of targeted cancer therapies, insulin signalling has emerged as a mechanism of therapeutic resistance. Although metabolic tissues become insensitive to insulin in the setting of obesity, a number of mechanisms allow cancer cells to maintain their ability to respond to insulin. Significant progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the insulin receptor and its signalling pathways in cancer, and a number of lessons have been learnt from therapeutic failures. These discoveries have led to numerous clinical trials that have aimed to reduce the levels of circulating insulin and to abrogate insulin signalling in cancer cells. With the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes worldwide, and the realization that hyperinsulinaemia may contribute to therapeutic failures, it is essential to understand how insulin and insulin receptor signalling promote cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Gallagher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Oleic Acid Protects Against Insulin Resistance by Regulating the Genes Related to the PI3K Signaling Pathway. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082615. [PMID: 32806641 PMCID: PMC7463472 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of different types of fatty acids on the gene expression of key players in the IRS1/PI3K signaling pathway have been poorly studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed IRS1, p85α, and p110β mRNA expression and the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in visceral adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity and from non-obese patients. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of those genes in visceral adipocytes incubated with oleic, linoleic, palmitic and dosahexaenoic acids. RESULTS We found a reduced IRS1 expression in patients with morbid obesity, independent of insulin resistance, and a reduced p110β expression in those with lower insulin resistance. A positive correlation was found between p85α and stearic acid, and between IRS1 and p110β with palmitic and dosahexaenoic acid. In contrast, a negative correlation was found between p85α and oleic acid, and between IRS1 and p110β with linoleic, arachidonic and adrenic acid. Incubation with palmitic acid decreased IRS1 expression. p85α was down-regulated after incubation with oleic and dosahexaenoic acid and up-regulated with palmitic acid. p110β expression was increased and decreased after incubation with oleic and palmitic acid, respectively. The ratio p85α/p110β was decreased by oleic and dosahexaenoic acid and increased by palmitic acid. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro results suggest a detrimental role of palmitic acid on the expression of gene related to insulin signaling pathway, with oleic acid being the one with the higher and more beneficial effects. DHA had a slight beneficial effect. Fatty acid-induced regulation of genes related to the IRS1/PI3K pathway may be a novel mechanism by which fatty acids regulate insulin sensitivity in visceral adipocytes.
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20
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus predisposes affected individuals to a significant spectrum of cardiovascular complications, one of the most debilitating in terms of prognosis is heart failure. Indeed, the increasing global prevalence of diabetes mellitus and an aging population has given rise to an epidemic of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure. Despite the significant research attention this phenomenon, termed diabetic cardiomyopathy, has received over several decades, understanding of the full spectrum of potential contributing mechanisms, and their relative contribution to this heart failure phenotype in the specific context of diabetes mellitus, has not yet been fully resolved. Key recent preclinical discoveries that comprise the current state-of-the-art understanding of the basic mechanisms of the complex phenotype, that is, the diabetic heart, form the basis of this review. Abnormalities in each of cardiac metabolism, physiological and pathophysiological signaling, and the mitochondrial compartment, in addition to oxidative stress, inflammation, myocardial cell death pathways, and neurohumoral mechanisms, are addressed. Further, the interactions between each of these contributing mechanisms and how they align to the functional, morphological, and structural impairments that characterize the diabetic heart are considered in light of the clinical context: from the disease burden, its current management in the clinic, and where the knowledge gaps remain. The need for continued interrogation of these mechanisms (both known and those yet to be identified) is essential to not only decipher the how and why of diabetes mellitus-induced heart failure but also to facilitate improved inroads into the clinical management of this pervasive clinical challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca H. Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - E. Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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21
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Prakoso D, De Blasio MJ, Tate M, Kiriazis H, Donner DG, Qian H, Nash D, Deo M, Weeks KL, Parry LJ, Gregorevic P, McMullen JR, Ritchie RH. Gene therapy targeting cardiac phosphoinositide 3-kinase (p110α) attenuates cardiac remodeling in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H840-H852. [PMID: 32142359 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00632.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a distinct form of heart disease that represents a major cause of death and disability in diabetic patients, particularly, the more prevalent type 2 diabetes patient population. In the current study, we investigated whether administration of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors carrying a constitutively active phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)(p110α) construct (rAAV6-caPI3K) at a clinically relevant time point attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in a preclinical type 2 diabetes (T2D) model. T2D was induced by a combination of a high-fat diet (42% energy intake from lipid) and low-dose streptozotocin (three consecutive intraperitoneal injections of 55 mg/kg body wt), and confirmed by increased body weight, mild hyperglycemia, and impaired glucose tolerance (all P < 0.05 vs. nondiabetic mice). After 18 wk of untreated diabetes, impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was evident, as confirmed by reduced fractional shortening and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcfc, all P < 0.01 vs. baseline measurement). A single tail vein injection of rAAV6-caPI3K gene therapy (2×1011vector genomes) was then administered. Mice were followed for an additional 8 wk before end point. A single injection of cardiac targeted rAAV6-caPI3K attenuated diabetes-induced cardiac remodeling by limiting cardiac fibrosis (reduced interstitial and perivascular collagen deposition, P < 0.01 vs. T2D mice) and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (reduced cardiomyocyte size and Nppa gene expression, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05 vs. T2D mice, respectively). The diabetes-induced LV systolic dysfunction was reversed with rAAV6-caPI3K, as demonstrated by improved fractional shortening and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (all P < 0.05 vs pre-AAV measurement). This cardioprotection occurred in combination with reduced LV reactive oxygen species (P < 0.05 vs. T2D mice) and an associated decrease in markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress (reduced Grp94 and Chop, all P < 0.05 vs. T2D mice). Together, our findings demonstrate that a cardiac-selective increase in PI3K(p110α), via rAAV6-caPI3K, attenuates T2D-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy, providing proof of concept for potential translation to the clinic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Diabetes remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide (and its resultant heart failure burden), despite current care. The lack of existing management of heart failure in the context of the poorer prognosis of concomitant diabetes represents an unmet clinical need. In the present study, we now demonstrate that delayed intervention with PI3K gene therapy (rAAV6-caPI3K), administered as a single dose in mice with preexisting type 2 diabetes, attenuates several characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy, including diabetes-induced impairments in cardiac remodeling, oxidative stress, and function. Our discovery here contributes to the previous body of work, suggesting the cardioprotective effects of PI3K(p110α) could be a novel therapeutic approach to reduce the progression to heart failure and death in diabetes-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darnel Prakoso
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles J De Blasio
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mitchel Tate
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel G Donner
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Nash
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Minh Deo
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate L Weeks
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Parry
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Neurology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Julie R McMullen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Helen Ritchie
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Bettedi L, Yan A, Schuster E, Alic N, Foukas LC. Increased mitochondrial and lipid metabolism is a conserved effect of Insulin/PI3K pathway downregulation in adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3418. [PMID: 32099025 PMCID: PMC7042323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Insulin/IGF-1 signalling (IIS) pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis. At the same time, a reduction in the IIS pathway activity can extend lifespan and healthspan in various model organisms. Amongst a number of body organs that sense and respond to insulin/IGF-1, the adipose tissue has a central role in both the metabolic and lifespan effects of IIS at the organismal level. Genetic inactivation of IIS components specifically in the adipose tissue has been shown before to improve metabolic profile and extend lifespan in various model organisms. We sought to identify conserved molecular mechanisms that may underlie the beneficial effects of IIS inhibition in the adipose tissue, specifically at the level of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), a key IIS effector molecule. To this end, we inactivated PI3K by genetic means in the fly fat body and by pharmacological inhibition in mammalian adipocytes. Gene expression studies revealed changes to metabolism and upregulation of mitochondrial activity in mouse adipocytes and fly fat bodies with downregulated PI3K, which were confirmed by biochemical assays in mammalian adipocytes. These data suggest that PI3K inactivation has a conserved effect of upregulating mitochondrial metabolism in both fly and mammalian adipose tissue, which likely contributes to the health- and life-span extending effect of IIS pathway downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Bettedi
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Anqi Yan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eugene Schuster
- Endocrinology Team, Breast Cancer Now, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Nazif Alic
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lazaros C Foukas
- Institute of Healthy Ageing and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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23
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Fujimoto BA, Young M, Carter L, Pang APS, Corley MJ, Fogelgren B, Polgar N. The exocyst complex regulates insulin-stimulated glucose uptake of skeletal muscle cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E957-E972. [PMID: 31593505 PMCID: PMC6962504 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00109.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle handles ~80-90% of the insulin-induced glucose uptake. In skeletal muscle, insulin binding to its cell surface receptor triggers redistribution of intracellular glucose transporter GLUT4 protein to the cell surface, enabling facilitated glucose uptake. In adipocytes, the eight-protein exocyst complex is an indispensable constituent in insulin-induced glucose uptake, as it is responsible for the targeted trafficking and plasma membrane-delivery of GLUT4. However, the role of the exocyst in skeletal muscle glucose uptake has never been investigated. Here we demonstrate that the exocyst is a necessary factor in insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells as well. The exocyst complex colocalizes with GLUT4 storage vesicles in L6-GLUT4myc myoblasts at a basal state and associates with these vesicles during their translocation to the plasma membrane after insulin signaling. Moreover, we show that the exocyst inhibitor endosidin-2 and a heterozygous knockout of Exoc5 in skeletal myoblast cells both lead to impaired GLUT4 trafficking to the plasma membrane and hinder glucose uptake in response to an insulin stimulus. Our research is the first to establish that the exocyst complex regulates insulin-induced GLUT4 exocytosis and glucose metabolism in muscle cells. A deeper knowledge of the role of the exocyst complex in skeletal muscle tissue may help our understanding of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Madison Young
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lamar Carter
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Alina P S Pang
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Michael J Corley
- Department of Native Hawaiian Health, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Ben Fogelgren
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Noemi Polgar
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
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Arafeh R, Samuels Y. PIK3CA in cancer: The past 30 years. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:36-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gomez-Hernandez A, Lopez-Pastor AR, Rubio-Longas C, Majewski P, Beneit N, Viana-Huete V, García-Gómez G, Fernandez S, Hribal ML, Sesti G, Escribano O, Benito M. Specific knockout of p85α in brown adipose tissue induces resistance to high-fat diet-induced obesity and its metabolic complications in male mice. Mol Metab 2019; 31:1-13. [PMID: 31918912 PMCID: PMC6977168 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective An increase in mass and/or brown adipose tissue (BAT) functionality leads to an increase in energy expenditure, which may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Moreover, distinct class I PI3K isoforms can participate in metabolic control as well as in systemic dysfunctions associated with obesity. In this regard, we analyzed in vivo whether the lack of p85α in BAT (BATp85αKO) could modulate the activity and insulin signaling of this tissue, thereby improving diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic complications. Methods We generated BATp85αKO mice using Cre-LoxP technology, specifically deleting p85α in a conditional manner. To characterize this new mouse model, we used mice of 6 and 12 months of age. In addition, BATp85αKO mice were submitted to a high-fat diet (HFD) to challenge BAT functionality. Results Our results suggest that the loss of p85α in BAT improves its thermogenic functionality, high-fat diet–induced adiposity and body weight, insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. The potential mechanisms involved in the improvement of obesity include (1) increased insulin signaling and lower activation of JNK in BAT, (2) enhanced insulin receptor isoform B (IRB) expression and association with IRS-1 in BAT, (3) lower production of proinflammatory cytokines by the adipose organ, (4) increased iWAT browning, and (5) improved liver steatosis. Conclusions Our results provide new mechanisms involved in the resistance to obesity development, supporting the hypothesis that the gain of BAT activity induced by the lack of p85α has a direct impact on the prevention of diet-induced obesity and its associated metabolic complications. The lack of p85α in brown adipose tissue confers obesity resistance. BATp85αKO mice show improved thermogenic function, fatty liver and insulin resistance. High IRB levels in BAT and iWAT browning might explain the improvement of obesity. Increase in BAT functionality has a direct impact on the prevention of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gomez-Hernandez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Andrea R Lopez-Pastor
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlota Rubio-Longas
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patrik Majewski
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nuria Beneit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Viana-Huete
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema García-Gómez
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Silvia Fernandez
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Oscar Escribano
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
| | - Manuel Benito
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Health Research Institute of San Carlos Clinic Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Spain.
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Cheng Q, Li YW, Yang CF, Zhong YJ, Li L. Ethanol-Induced Hepatic Insulin Resistance is Ameliorated by Methyl Ferulic Acid Through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:949. [PMID: 31555134 PMCID: PMC6726842 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key events during the development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is that alcohol inhibits the insulin signaling pathway in liver and leads to disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism. Methyl ferulic acid (MFA) is a biologically active monomer isolated from the root of Securidaca inappendiculata Hasskarl. It has been reported that MFA has a hepatoprotective effect against alcohol-induced liver injury in vivo and in vitro. However, the effect of MFA on ethanol-induced insulin resistance in ALD remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether MFA could exert protective effects against hepatic insulin resistance in ethanol-induced L-02 cells and ALD rats. ALD was induced in vivo by feeding Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 5% (w/v) alcohol for 16 weeks to Sprague-Dawley rats. Insulin resistance was induced in vitro in human hepatocyte L-02 cells with 200 mM ethanol for 24 h followed by 10-7 nM insulin for 30 min. MFA exhibited the effects of inhibited insulin resistance, reduced enzymatic capacity for hepatic gluconeogenesis, and increased hepatic glycogen synthesis both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the results of transcriptome sequencing of liver tissues in the ethanol- and MFA-treated groups indicated that "pyruvate metabolism," "glycolysis/gluconeogenesis," and "fatty acid metabolism" were significantly different between ethanol- and MFA-treated groups. Further studies suggested that MFA activated the hepatic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these findings suggested that MFA effectively ameliorated hepatic insulin resistance in ALD at least partially by acting on the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yong Wen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Cheng Fang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yu Juan Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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Role of p110a subunit of PI3-kinase in skeletal muscle mitochondrial homeostasis and metabolism. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3412. [PMID: 31363081 PMCID: PMC6667496 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance, decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation and altered mitochondrial function are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. To determine the relationship between these abnormalities, we created mice with muscle-specific knockout of the p110α or p110β catalytic subunits of PI3K. We find that mice with muscle-specific knockout of p110α, but not p110β, display impaired insulin signaling and reduced muscle size due to enhanced proteasomal and autophagic activity. Despite insulin resistance and muscle atrophy, M-p110αKO mice show decreased serum myostatin, increased mitochondrial mass, increased mitochondrial fusion, and increased PGC1α expression, especially PCG1α2 and PCG1α3. This leads to enhanced mitochondrial oxidative capacity, increased muscle NADH content, and higher muscle free radical release measured in vivo using pMitoTimer reporter. Thus, p110α is the dominant catalytic isoform of PI3K in muscle in control of insulin sensitivity and muscle mass, and has a unique role in mitochondrial homeostasis in skeletal muscle. Diabetes is associated with decreased PI3K activation in skeletal muscle. Here, the authors show that p110a is the predominant PI3K subunit in muscle, and show that its ablation in muscle, but not ablation of p110beta, leads to insulin resistance, increased proteosomal and autophagic activity, and altered mitochondria homeostasis in mice.
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Araiz C, Yan A, Bettedi L, Samuelson I, Virtue S, McGavigan AK, Dani C, Vidal-Puig A, Foukas LC. Enhanced β-adrenergic signalling underlies an age-dependent beneficial metabolic effect of PI3K p110α inactivation in adipose tissue. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1546. [PMID: 30948720 PMCID: PMC6449391 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin/IGF-1 signalling pathway is a key regulator of metabolism and the rate of ageing. We previously documented that systemic inactivation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) p110α, the principal PI3K isoform that positively regulates insulin signalling, results in a beneficial metabolic effect in aged mice. Here we demonstrate that deletion of p110α specifically in the adipose tissue leads to less fat accumulation over a significant part of adult life and allows the maintenance of normal glucose tolerance despite insulin resistance. This effect of p110α inactivation is due to a potentiating effect on β-adrenergic signalling, which leads to increased catecholamine-induced energy expenditure in the adipose tissue. Our findings provide a paradigm of how partial inactivation of an essential component of the insulin signalling pathway can have an overall beneficial metabolic effect and suggest that PI3K inhibition could potentiate the effect of β-adrenergic agonists in the treatment of obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Araiz
- Institute of Healthy Ageing & Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anqi Yan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing & Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lucia Bettedi
- Institute of Healthy Ageing & Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- National Institutes of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Isabella Samuelson
- Institute of Healthy Ageing & Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sam Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anne K McGavigan
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christian Dani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Faculté de Médecine, 06107, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Lazaros C Foukas
- Institute of Healthy Ageing & Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Liu L, Wang H, Cui J, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Xu W, Lu H, Liu S, Shen S, Fang F, Li L, Yang W, Zhuang Z, Li J. Inhibition of Protein Phosphatase 2A Sensitizes Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma to Chemotherapy via the PI3K-AKT Pathway in Response to Insulin Stimulus. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 50:317-331. [PMID: 30282066 DOI: 10.1159/000494008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine phosphatase that mediates cell cycle regulation and metabolism. Mounting evidence has indicated that PP2A inhibition exhibits considerable anticancer potency in multiple types of human cancers. However, the efficacy of PP2A inhibition remains unexplored in mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), especially in locally advanced and metastatic cases with limited systemic treatment. In this study, we demonstrated the therapeutic potency of LB100 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. METHODS In this study, the expression of PP2A was evaluated using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The effects associated with LB100 alone and in combination with cisplatin for the treatment of mucoepidermoid carcinoma were investigated both in vitro, regarding metabolism, proliferation, and migration, and in vivo in a mucoepidermoid carcinoma xenograft model. In addition, with LB100 treatment and in response to an insulin stimulus, the expression levels and phosphorylation levels of targets in the PI3K-AKT pathway were determined using western blot analysis and immunoblotting. RESULTS The expression of protein phosphatase 2A was significantly upregulated in the clinical specimens of high-grade MECs compared with those of low-/medium-grade MECs and normal controls. In this article, we report that a small molecule PP2A inhibitor, LB100, decreased cellular viability and glycolytic activity and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. Importantly, LB100 enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin in mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. PP2A inhibition by LB100 increased the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS-1) on serine residues, downregulated the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p110 alpha subunit and dephosphorylated AKT at Ser473 and Thr308 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma cells in response to insulin stimulus. CONCLUSION These results highlight the translational potential of PP2A inhibition to synergize with cisplatin in mucoepidermoid carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.,Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Cui
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wanlin Xu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengwen Liu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shukun Shen
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Lei Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Tangganjian decoction ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in rats by activating the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:733-737. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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PI3Ka-Akt1-mediated Prdm4 induction in adipose tissue increases energy expenditure, inhibits weight gain, and improves insulin resistance in diet-induced obese mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:876. [PMID: 30158592 PMCID: PMC6115456 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) browning is considered as a potential approach to treat obesity and metabolic diseases. Our previous studies have shown that phytochemical butein can stimulate WAT browning through induction of Prdm4 in adipocytes. Here, we investigated the effects of butein on diet-induced obesity and its underlying molecular mechanism. Treatment with butein prevented weight gains and improved metabolic profiles in diet-induced obese mice. Butein treatment groups also displayed higher body temperature, increased energy expenditure, and enhanced expression of thermogenic genes in adipose tissue. Butein also suppressed body weight gains and improved glucose and insulin tolerance in mice housed at thermoneutrality (30 °C). These effects were associated with adipose-selective induction of Prdm4, suggesting the role of Prdm4 in butein-mediated anti-obese effects. To directly assess the in vivo role of Prdm4, we generated aP2-Prdm4 transgenic mouse lines overexpressing Prdm4 in adipose tissues. Adipose-specific transgenic expression of Prdm4 recapitulated the butein’s actions in stimulating energy expenditure, cold tolerance, and thermogenic gene expression, resulting in prevention of obesity and improvement of metabolism. Mechanistically, direct inhibition of PI3Kα activity followed by selective suppression of its downstream Akt1 mirrored butein’s effect on Ucp1 expression and oxygen consumption. In addition, effects of butein were completely abolished in Akt1 KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Together, these studies demonstrate the role of butein in obesity and metabolic diseases, further highlighting that adipose PI3Kα–Akt1–Prdm4 axis is a regulator of energy expenditure.
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Song C, Liu D, Yang S, Cheng L, Xing E, Chen Z. Sericin enhances the insulin-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the liver of a type 2 diabetes rat model. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3345-3352. [PMID: 30250521 PMCID: PMC6145063 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the regulatory effect of sericin on the hepatic insulin-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in a type 2 diabetes rat model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, diabetic model group, high-dose sericin group and low-dose sericin group, with 12 rats in each group. Fasting blood glucose was detected by the glucose oxidase method, and hepatic glycogen was determined by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The morphology of the liver was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to determine the protein and mRNA expression levels of insulin receptor (IR), IR substrate-1 (IRS-1), PI3K and AKT. Compared with the control group, the blood glucose of the diabetic model group was significantly increased (P<0.05). The glycogen content and the expression levels of IR, IRS-1, PI3K and AKT in the diabetic model group were significantly lower (P<0.05), and the liver morphological structure of the diabetic model group exhibited obvious pathological changes compared with the control group. Compared with the diabetic model group, the blood glucose of the high- and low-dose sericin groups was significantly reduced, while the glycogen content and the expression levels of IR, IRS-1, PI3K and AKT in the sericin treatment groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Additionally, the liver pathological changes of high-dose and low-dose sericin groups were markedly reduced. Sericin may enhance the signaling transduction effect of insulin by upregulating the expression levels of key factors (IR, IRS-1, PI3K and AKT) in the liver insulin-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus promoting glucose transport and liver glycogen synthesis, and further reducing blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Song
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Songhe Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Luyang Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Enhong Xing
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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Yan H, Guo H, Cheng D, Kou R, Zhang C, Si J. Tributyltin reduces the levels of serum adiponectin and activity of AKT and induces metabolic syndrome in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2018; 33:752-758. [PMID: 29675927 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT), a proven environmental obesogen, functions as a nanomolar agonist of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ). However, the adverse effects of TBT on metabolism are incompletely understood. In this study, male ICR mice were administered TBT (5 and 50 μg·kg-1 ) by an intraperitoneal injection once every 3 days for 30 days from 28 days of age and bred for another 30 days after the last administration of TBT. We analyzed the effects of these exposures on the fat depot weights, serum lipid profile, serum leptin and adiponectin, hepatic lipid accumulation, and activity of AKT in the liver and skeletal muscle isolated from mice 8 mins after receiving an insulin injection. Pubertal exposure to TBTCl resulted in a higher body weight, increased epididymal and liver fat accumulation, hyperlipidemia, an elevated low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio, serum adiponectin deficiency, worse glucose tolerance, and lower insulin-dependent AKT phosphorylation in the liver and muscle in mice. These results showed that TBT exposure induced peripheral insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dong Cheng
- Department of Toxicology, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Ruirui Kou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiliang Si
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Martins VF, Tahvilian S, Kang JH, Svensson K, Hetrick B, Chick WS, Schenk S, McCurdy CE. Calorie Restriction-Induced Increase in Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Is Not Prevented by Overexpression of the p55α Subunit of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase. Front Physiol 2018; 9:789. [PMID: 29997524 PMCID: PMC6030672 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway plays an important role in skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. While whole-body and tissue specific knockout (KO) of individual or combinations of the regulatory subunits of PI3K (p85α, p55α, and p50α or p85β); increase insulin sensitivity, no study has examined whether increasing the expression of the individual regulatory subunits would inhibit insulin action in vivo. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of the p55α regulatory subunit of PI3K impairs skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, or prevents its enhancement by caloric restriction. Methods: We developed a novel "floxed" mouse that, through the Cre-LoxP approach, allows for tamoxifen (TMX)-inducible and skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of the p55α subunit of PI3K (referred to as, 'p55α-mOX'). Beginning at 10 weeks of age, p55α-mOX mice and their floxed littermates (referred to as wildtype [WT]) either continued with free access to food (ad libitum; AL), or were switched to a calorie restricted diet (CR; 60% of AL intake) for 20 days. We measured body composition, whole-body energy expenditure, oral glucose tolerance and ex vivo skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in isolated soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles using the 2-deoxy-glucose (2DOG) uptake method. Results: p55α mRNA and protein expression was increased ∼2 fold in muscle from p55α-mOX versus WT mice. There were no differences in energy expenditure, total activity, or food intake of AL-fed mice between genotypes. Body weight, fat and lean mass, tissue weights, and fasting glucose and insulin were comparable between p55α-mOX and WT mice on AL, and were decreased equally by CR. Interestingly, overexpression of p55α did not impair oral glucose tolerance or skeletal muscle insulin signaling or sensitivity, nor did it impact the ability of CR to enhance these parameters. Conclusion: Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of p55α does not impact skeletal muscle insulin action, suggesting that p85α and/or p50α may be more important regulators of skeletal muscle insulin signaling and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor F. Martins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Shahriar Tahvilian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ji H. Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Wallace S. Chick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Carrie E. McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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Du X, Li X, Chen L, Zhang M, Lei L, Gao W, Shi Z, Dong Y, Wang Z, Li X, Liu G. Hepatic miR-125b inhibits insulin signaling pathway by targeting PIK3CD. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6052-6066. [PMID: 29319168 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is often characterized as the most critical factor contributing to the development of (T2D) type 2 diabetes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding short single-stranded RNAs that function as negative regulators in many physiological and pathological processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the roles of miR-125b in the regulation of insulin sensitivity in hepatocytes. We found that hepatic miR-125b levels were significantly increased in the patients with type 2 diabetes, high fat diet (HFD) mice, ob/ob and db/db mice. In vitro, miR-125b was also significantly up-regulated in tumor necrosis factor-alpha- (TNF-α) and glucosamine-induced insulin resistance conditions. Furthermore, miR-125b overexpression impaired the insulin signaling pathway in HepG2 cells, L02c cells, and primary hepatocytes. Inhibition of miR-125b improved insulin sensitivity, especially in insulin-resistant cells induced by either TNF-α or glucosamine. We demonstrated that miR-125b targeted the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of phosphoinositide 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD) mRNA. The hepatic PIK3CD protein levels were markedly decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes, HFD, ob/ob, and db/db mice. Inhibition of PIK3CD markedly attenuated the improvement of insulin sensitivity induced by miR-125b inhibitors. More importantly, overexpressing miR-125b in mice causes insulin resistance and impairs glucose homeostasis. Together, these findings indicate that miR-125b inhibits insulin sensitivity by targeting PIK3CD in hepatocytes, supporting hepatic miR-125b, or PIK3CD are potential therapeutic target of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Heilongjiang Institute of Veterinary Science, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes arise from distinct developmental origins. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) develops embryonically from precursors that also give to skeletal muscle. Beige fat develops postnatally and is highly inducible. Beige fat recruitment is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including de novo beige adipogenesis and white-to-brown adipocyte transdifferentiaiton. Beige precursors reside around vasculatures, and proliferate and differentiate into beige adipocytes. PDGFRα+Ebf2+ precursors are restricted to beige lineage cells, while another PDGFRα+ subset gives rise to beige adipocytes, white adipocytes, or fibrogenic cells. White adipocytes can be reprogramed and transdifferentiated into beige adipocytes. Brown and beige adipocytes display many similar properties, including multilocular lipid droplets, dense mitochondria, and expression of UCP1. UCP1-mediated thermogenesis is a hallmark of brown/beige adipocytes, albeit UCP1-independent thermogenesis also occurs. Development, maintenance, and activation of BAT/beige fat are guided by genetic and epigenetic programs. Numerous transcriptional factors and coactivators act coordinately to promote BAT/beige fat thermogenesis. Epigenetic reprograming influences expression of brown/beige adipocyte-selective genes. BAT/beige fat is regulated by neuronal, hormonal, and immune mechanisms. Hypothalamic thermal circuits define the temperature setpoint that guides BAT/beige fat activity. Metabolic hormones, paracrine/autocrine factors, and various immune cells also play a critical role in regulating BAT/beige fat functions. BAT and beige fat defend temperature homeostasis, and regulate body weight and glucose and lipid metabolism. Obesity is associated with brown/beige fat deficiency, and reactivation of brown/beige fat provides metabolic health benefits in some patients. Pharmacological activation of BAT/beige fat may hold promise for combating metabolic diseases. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1281-1306, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyou Rui
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Klatka M, Rysz I, Kozyra K, Polak A, Kołłątaj W. SHORT syndrome in a two-year-old girl - case report. Ital J Pediatr 2017; 43:44. [PMID: 28472977 PMCID: PMC5418728 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-017-0362-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SHORT syndrome is a rare genetic congenital defects condition. The frequency of the disease still remains unknown. Case presentation We report the two-year-four-month old female with SHORT syndrome who present growth retardation and dysmorphic features (triangular-shaped face, prominent forehead, ocular depression, lipodystrophy at the lumbar region and around elbows), consistent with the phenotype described for this syndrome. The molecular analysis showed the presence of heterozygous variant c.1956dupT (p.Lys653*) in exon 15 of PIK3R1. Conclusions The frequency of the disease still remains unknown; solely several dozen cases have been described worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Klatka
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoni Gebala Street 6, PL-20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Izabela Rysz
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoni Gebala Street 6, PL-20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kozyra
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoni Gebala Street 6, PL-20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Polak
- Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Witold Kołłątaj
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lublin, Prof. Antoni Gebala Street 6, PL-20-093, Lublin, Poland
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Loss of PI3K p110 α in the Adipose Tissue Results in Infertility and Delayed Puberty Onset in Male Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3756089. [PMID: 28357399 PMCID: PMC5357525 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3756089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Deletion of PI3K catalytic subunit p110α in adipose tissue (aP2-Cre/p110αflx/flx, α−/− hereafter) results in increased adiposity, glucose intolerance, and liver steatosis. Because this endocrine organ releases hormones like leptin, which are important in reproductive physiology, we investigated the reproductive phenotype of α−/− males. Compared to controls, α−/− males displayed delayed onset of puberty accompanied by a reduction in plasma LH levels and testicular weight. At postnatal day 30, α−/− mice exhibited normal body weight but elevated fasted plasma leptin levels. Testicular leptin gene expression was increased, whereas expression of the cholesterol transporter StAR and of P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme was decreased. Adult α−/− males were infertile and exhibited hyperandrogenemia with normal basal LH, FSH, and estradiol levels. However, neither sperm counts nor sperm motility was different between genotypes. The mRNA levels of leptin and of 17-beta-dehydrogenase 3, and enzyme important for testosterone production, were significantly higher in the testis of adult α−/− males. The mRNA levels of ERα, an important regulator of intratesticular steroidogenesis, were lower in the testis of adult and peripubertal α−/− males. We propose that chronic hyperleptinemia contributes to the negative impact that disrupting PI3K signaling in adipocytes has on puberty onset, steroidogenesis, and fertility in males.
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Torres RC, Magalhães NS, E Silva PMR, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Activation of PPAR-γ reduces HPA axis activity in diabetic rats by up-regulating PI3K expression. Exp Mol Pathol 2016; 101:290-301. [PMID: 27725163 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity in diabetes is strongly associated with several morbidities noted in patients with the disease. We previously demonstrated that hyperactivity of HPA axis under diabetic conditions is associated with up-regulation of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) receptors (MC2R) in adrenal and down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR and MR) in pituitary. This study investigates the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ in HPA axis hyperactivity in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by intravenous injection of alloxan into fasted rats. The PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone and/or PI3K inhibitor wortmannin were administered daily for 18 consecutive days, starting 3days after diabetes induction. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone were evaluated by radioimmunoassay, while intensities of MC2R, proopiomelanocortin (POMC), GR, MR, PI3K p110α and PPAR-γ were assessed using immunohistochemistry. Rosiglitazone treatment inhibited adrenal hypertrophy and hypercorticoidism observed in diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone also significantly reversed the diabetes-induced increase in the MC2R expression in adrenal cortex. We noted that rosiglitazone reduced the number of corticotroph cells and inhibited both anterior pituitary POMC expression and plasma ACTH levels. Furthermore, rosiglitazone treatment was unable to restore the reduced expression of GR and MR in the anterior pituitary of diabetic rats. Rosiglitazone increased the number of PPAR-γ+ cells and expression of PI3K p110α in both anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex of diabetic rats. In addition, wortmannin blocked the ability of rosiglitazone to restore corticotroph cell numbers, adrenal hypertrophy and plasma corticosterone levels in diabetic rats. In conclusion, our findings revealed that rosiglitazone down-regulates HPA axis hyperactivity in diabetic rats via a mechanism dependent on PI3K activation in pituitary and adrenal glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Carvalho Torres
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Santos Magalhães
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia M R E Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marco A Martins
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Vinicius F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil no. 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tzenaki N, Aivaliotis M, Papakonstanti EA. Focal adhesion kinase phosphorylates the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 under the control of p110δ phosphoinositide-3 kinase. FASEB J 2015; 29:4840-52. [PMID: 26251180 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) tumor suppressor protein is regulated by various mechanisms that are not fully understood. This includes regulation by Tyr phosphorylation by a mechanism that remains elusive. Here, we show that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylates PTEN in vitro, in cell-free systems and in cells. Furthermore, by mass spectrometry, we identified Tyr336 on PTEN as being phosphorylated by FAK. Tyr336 phosphorylation increased phosphatase activity, protein-lipid interaction, and protein stability of PTEN. In cells, including primary mouse macrophages and human cancer cell lines, FAK was found to be negatively regulated by p110δ phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), whereas the activation of FAK was positively regulated by RhoA-associated kinase (ROCK). Indeed, the phosphorylation of FAK was unexpectedly increased in macrophages derived from mice expressing kinase-dead p110δ. Pharmacologic inactivation of RhoA/ROCK reduced the phosphorylation of FAK to normal levels in cells with genetically inactivated p110δ. Likewise, pharmacologic inactivation of FAK reduced the phosphorylation of PTEN in cells expressing kinase-dead p110δ and restored the functional defects of p110δ inactivation, including Akt phosphorylation and cell proliferation. This work identifies FAK as a target of p110δ PI3K that links RhoA with PTEN and establishes for the first time that PTEN is a substrate of FAK-mediated Tyr phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Tzenaki
- *Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Aivaliotis
- *Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelia A Papakonstanti
- *Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Heraklion, Greece; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Potent therapeutic effects of shouwu jiangqi decoction on polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance in rats. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 22:116-23. [PMID: 26179926 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Shouwu Jiangqi Decoction (SJD) on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with insulin resistance (IR) in rats and to explore the underlining molecular mechanisms. METHODS A total of 51 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: control group (n=7), model group (n=8), SJD high-dose group (n=9), SJD medium-dose group (n=9), SJD low-dose group (n=9) and DMBG group (n=9). Radioimmunoassay was used to measure serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone concentrations and qRT-PCR and western blot were used to examine the expression levels of mRNA and protein respectively of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) p85α in different groups. RESULTS FSH level significantly decreased in the model group compared with the normal control (P<0.01), and high-dose SJD and DMBG can significantly increase FSH level (P<0.01). LH level showed a mild increase without statistic significance in the model group compared with the control and different dosages of SJD had no significance effect on LH level, while DMBG can significantly decrease LH level (P<0.01). Testosterone level significantly increased in the model group compared with the control group (P<0.01), and high-dose SJD and DMBG can significantly decrease testosterone level (P<0.01). The expression of IRS-1 as well as PI3Kp85α were significantly decreased in the model group compared with the normal control group at both mRNA (P<0.001) and protein (P<0.01) level, and both high-dose SJD and DMBG can enhance IRS-1 and PI3K expression (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS SJD has potent therapeutic effects on PCOS with IR in rats. The therapeutic effects of SJD on IR and ovulatory dysfunction are probably achieved through correcting the defective insulin signaling transduction.
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Nelson VLB, Ballou LM, Lin RZ. Energy balancing by fat Pik3ca. Adipocyte 2015; 4:70-4. [PMID: 26167406 DOI: 10.4161/21623945.2014.955397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is often associated with systemic insulin resistance, and the decline of insulin sensitivity marks the progression of obesity into a disease state. We recently generated a mouse with adipose-specific ablation of the p110α phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit to model insulin resistance in this organ. The phenotypes of this animal revealed novel roles of adipose PI3K signaling in regulating body weight and systemic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Loss of p110α in the brown adipose tissue resulted in reduced expression of mitochondrial-associated genes and decreased respiration in brown adipocytes. Reduced activity of the brown adipose tissue in p110α-null mice lowered their energy expenditure, which promoted obesity and systemic metabolic dysfunction with increased lipid deposition in the liver. Loss of PI3K activity did not affect adiposity until sexual maturation, suggesting that the effect of adipose PI3K on obesity might be linked to the development of puberty. Elevated leptin in the p110α knockout mice might interfere with the reproductive axis to delay pubertal development. The increase in adiposity induced by adipose-specific loss of p110α provides a link between insulin resistance and obesity onset and may also provide deeper insight into changes in prepubescent insulin sensitivity that can affect metabolism later in life.
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Beymer M, Negrón AL, Yu G, Wu S, Mayer C, Lin RZ, Boehm U, Acosta-Martínez M. Kisspeptin cell-specific PI3K signaling regulates hypothalamic kisspeptin expression and participates in the regulation of female fertility. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E969-82. [PMID: 25269483 PMCID: PMC4254985 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00385.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons integrate and translate cues from the internal and external environments that regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion and maintain fertility in mammals. However, the intracellular signaling pathways utilized to translate such information into changes in kisspeptin expression, release, and ultimately activation of the kisspeptin-receptive GnRH network have not yet been identified. PI3K is an important signaling node common to many peripheral factors known to regulate kisspeptin expression and GnRH release. We investigated whether PI3K signaling regulates hypothalamic kisspeptin expression, pubertal development, and adult fertility in mice. We generated mice with a kisspeptin cell-specific deletion of the PI3K catalytic subunits p110α and p110β (kiss-p110α/β-KO). Using in situ hybridization, we examined Kiss1 mRNA expression in gonad-intact, gonadectomized (Gdx), and Gdx + steroid-replaced mice. Kiss1 cell number in the anteroventral periventricular hypothalamus (AVPV) was significantly reduced in intact females but not in males. In contrast, compared with WT and regardless of steroid hormone status, Kiss1 cell number was lower in the arcuate (ARC) of kiss-p110α/β-KO males, but it was unaffected in females. Both intact Kiss-p110α/β-KO males and females had reduced ARC kisspeptin-immunoreactive (IR) fibers compared with WT animals. Adult kiss-p110α/β-KO males had significantly lower circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, whereas pubertal development and fertility were unaffected in males. Kiss-p110α/β-KO females exhibited a reduction in fertility despite normal pubertal development, LH levels, and estrous cyclicity. Our data show that PI3K signaling is important for the regulation of hypothalamic kisspeptin expression and contributes to normal fertility in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Beymer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York; Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Ariel L Negrón
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Guiqin Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Christian Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Richard Z Lin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York; Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Stony Brook, New York; and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York
| | - Ulrich Boehm
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland School of Medicine, Homburg, Germany
| | - Maricedes Acosta-Martínez
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York;
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