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Park MH, Park SI, Kim JH, Yu J, Lee EH, Seo SR, Jo SH. The acute effects of hydrocortisone on cardiac electrocardiography, action potentials, intracellular calcium, and contraction: The role of protein kinase C. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110488. [PMID: 31207272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocortisone exerts adverse effects on various organs, including the heart. This study investigated the still unclear effects of hydrocortisone on electrophysiological and biochemical aspects of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. In guinea pigs' hearts, hydrocortisone administration reduced the QT interval of ECG and the action potential duration (APD). In guinea pig ventricular myocytes, hydrocortisone reduced contraction and Ca2+ transient amplitudes. These reductions and the effects on APD were prevented by pretreatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor staurosporine. In an overexpression system of Xenopus oocytes, hydrocortisone increased hERG K+ currents and reduced Kv1.5 K+ currents; these effects were negated by pretreatment with staurosporine. Western blot analysis revealed dose- and time-dependent changes in PKCα/βII, PKCε, and PKCγ phosphorylation by hydrocortisone in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. Therefore, hydrocortisone can acutely affect cardiac excitation-contraction coupling, including ion channel activity, APD, ECG, Ca2+ transients, and contraction, possibly via biochemical changes in PKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hyeong Park
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South korea
| | - Seo-In Park
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South korea
| | - Jong-Hui Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South korea
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University College of Biomedical Science, Chuncheon, 24341, South korea
| | - Su Ryeon Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University College of Biomedical Science, Chuncheon, 24341, South korea.
| | - Su-Hyun Jo
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus Graduate Program, Kangwon National University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South korea.
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Liu J, Deng GH, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xia XY, Luo XM, Deng YT, He SS, Mao YY, Peng XC, Wei YQ, Jiang Y. The effect of chronic stress on anti-angiogenesis of sunitinib in colorectal cancer models. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2015; 52:130-42. [PMID: 25437118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that psychological stress can propel cancer progression. However, its role in anti-angiogenic therapy is not well understood. We previously found that exogenous norepinephrine attenuated the effect of sunitinib, a multi-targeted anti-angiogenic agent, in a mouse melanoma model. Here, we further evaluated the effects of chronic stress on sunitinib therapy in colorectal cancer models. We found that chronic restraint stress markedly weakened the efficacy of sunitinib, primarily through promoting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) to stimulate tumor angiogenesis in vivo. This effect could be sufficiently mimicked by exogenous norepinephrine and blocked by the β-antagonist propranolol. In vitro, norepinephrine up-regulated expression of VEGF and IL-8 in sunitinib-treated cancer cells mainly through the β-adrenoceptor-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway. Norepinephrine also abrogated sunitinib-induced inhibition of cancer cell migration, but had no effect on direct anti-proliferative activity of sunitinib on cancer cells. These findings suggest that psychological stress might attenuate anti-angiogenic therapy primarily through activating beta-adrenergic signaling to promote tumor angiogenesis. It is also suggested that β-blockers might improve anti-angiogenic outcome under psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Hua Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yu Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Mei Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Tiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha-Sha He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin-Yan Mao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Chen Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Quan Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Charles SM, Julian CG, Vargas E, Moore LG. Higher estrogen levels during pregnancy in Andean than European residents of high altitude suggest differences in aromatase activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:2908-16. [PMID: 24684460 PMCID: PMC4121036 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Uteroplacental hypoxia has been reported to lower estrogen levels in preeclampsia as the result of reduced aromatase activity. OBJECTIVE We asked whether the chronic hypoxia of residence at high altitude in the absence of preeclampsia lowered estrogen, whether such effects differed in Andean vs European high-altitude residents, and whether such effects were related to uterine artery diameter or blood flow. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Studies at weeks 20 and 36 of pregnancy were conducted in 108 healthy Bolivian low- (400 m, n = 53) or high-altitude (3600 m, n = 55) residents of European (n = 28 low and 26 high altitude) or Andean (n = 25 low and 29 high altitude) ancestry. All groups were similar in age, nonpregnant body mass index, and pregnancy weight gain. RESULTS High-altitude residence increased circulating progesterone, cortisol, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol levels (all P < .01). High-altitude Andeans vs Europeans at week 36 had higher progesterone, estrone, 17β-estradiol, and estriol levels as well as product to substrate ratios for the reactions catalyzed by aromatase, whereas week 36 cortisol levels were greater in the European than Andean women (all P < .05). Lower cortisol, higher estriol (both P < .01), and trends for higher progesterone and 17β-estradiol levels were associated with greater uterine artery diameters and blood flow at high altitude. CONCLUSIONS Chronic hypoxia does not lower but rather raises estrogen levels in multigenerational Andeans vs shorter-term Europeans, possibly as the result of greater aromatase activity. Because hypoxia alone does not lower estrogen, other attributes of the disease may be responsible for the lower estrogen levels seen previously in preeclamptic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelton M Charles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (S.M.C.), Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157; Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine (C.G.J.), Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology (L.G.M.), University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045; and Instituto de Biología de Altura (E.V.), La Paz, Bolivia
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Goyal R, Mittal A, Chu N, Arthur RA, Zhang L, Longo LD. Maturation and long-term hypoxia-induced acclimatization responses in PKC-mediated signaling pathways in ovine cerebral arterial contractility. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 299:R1377-86. [PMID: 20702800 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00344.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the developing fetus, cerebral arteries (CA) show striking differences in signal transduction mechanisms compared with the adult, and these differences are magnified in response to high-altitude long-term hypoxia (LTH). In addition, in the mature organism, cerebrovascular acclimatization to LTH may be associated with several clinical problems, the mechanisms of which are unknown. Because PKC plays a key role in regulating CA contractility, in fetal and adult cerebral arteries, we tested the hypothesis that LTH differentially regulates the PKC-mediated Ca(2+) sensitization pathways and contractility. In four groups of sheep [fetal normoxic (FN), fetal hypoxic (FH), adult normoxic (AN), and adult hypoxic (AH)], we examined, simultaneously, responses of CA tension and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and measured CA levels of PKC, ERK1/2, RhoA, 20-kDa myosin light chain, and the 17-kDa PKC-potentiated myosin phosphatase inhibitor CPI-17. The PKC activator phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) produced robust contractions in all four groups. However, PDBu-induced contractions were significantly greater in AH CA than in the other groups. In all CA groups except AH, in the presence of MEK inhibitor (U-0126), the PDBu-induced contractions were increased a further 20-30%. Furthermore, in adult CA, PDBu led to increased phosphorylation of ERK1, but not ERK2; in fetal CA, the reverse was the case. PDBu-stimulated ERK2 phosphorylation also was significantly greater in FH than FN CA. Also, although RhoA/Rho kinase played a significant role in PDBu-mediated contractions of FN CA, this was not the case in FH or either adult group. Also, whereas CPI-17 had a significant role in adult CA contractility, this was not the case for the fetus. Overall, in ovine CA, the present study demonstrates several important maturational and LTH acclimatization changes in PKC-induced contractile responses and downstream pathways. The latter may play a key role in the pathophysiologic disorders associated with acclimatization to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Goyal
- Center for Perinatal Biology and Department of Physiology, Loma Linda University, School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California 92350, USA
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Xue Q, Ducsay CA, Longo LD, Zhang L. Effect of long-term high-altitude hypoxia on fetal pulmonary vascular contractility. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2008; 104:1786-92. [PMID: 18388246 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01314.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia in the fetus and/or newborn is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary hypertension. The present study tested the hypothesis that long-term high-altitude hypoxemia differentially regulates contractility of fetal pulmonary arteries (PA) and veins (PV) mediated by differences in endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). PA and PV were isolated from near-term fetuses of pregnant ewes maintained at sea level (300 m) or high altitude of 3,801 m for 110 days (arterial Po(2) of 60 Torr). Hypoxia had no effect on the medial wall thickness of pulmonary vessels and did not alter KCl-induced contractions. In PA, hypoxia significantly increased norepinephrine (NE)-induced contractions, which were not affected by eNOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA). In PV, hypoxia had no effect on NE-induced contractions in the absence of l-NNA. l-NNA significantly increased NE-induced contractions in both control and hypoxic PV. In the presence of l-NNA, NE-induced contractions of PV were significantly decreased in hypoxic lambs compared with normoxic animals. Acetylcholine caused relaxations of PV but not PA, and hypoxia significantly decreased both pD(2) and the maximal response of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in PV. Additionally, hypoxia significantly decreased the maximal response of sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxations of both PA and PV. eNOS was detected in the endothelium of both PA and PV, and eNOS protein levels were significantly higher in PV than in PA in normoxic lambs. Hypoxia had no significant effect on eNOS levels in either PA or PV. The results demonstrate heterogeneity of fetal pulmonary arteries and veins in response to long-term high-altitude hypoxia and suggest a likely common mechanism downstream of NO in fetal pulmonary vessel response to chronic hypoxia in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xue
- Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, Loma Linda Univ. School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Abstract
Experiments were designed to compare effects of dexamethasone on transient (Ipeak) and sustained (Isus) K+ currents in control and diabetic rat myocytes. Ventricular myocytes were isolated from control or type 1 streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male and female rats. Currents were measured using whole-cell voltage-clamp methods. Incubation of cells from control males or females with 100 nM dexamethasone (5-9 h) significantly (P<0.005) augmented Isus (by 28-31%). Ipeak was unchanged. Isus augmentation was abolished by cycloheximide or cytochalasin D, but not by inhibition of protein kinases A or C. Inhibition of tyrosine kinases by genistein (but not its inactive analog genistin) prevented the increase of Isus by dexamethasone. In marked contrast, dexamethasone had a significantly (P<0.015) smaller effect on Isus (11% increase) in cells from male STZ-diabetic rats, as compared to control cells. However, Isus augmentation in cells from female STZ-diabetic rats was normal (31% increase). In ovariectomized-diabetic rats, Isus was unchanged by dexamethasone. The reduced effect in diabetic males might be due to preactivation of tyrosine kinases linking dexamethasone to current modulation. In conclusion, type I diabetes is associated with gender-specific changes in sensitivity of K+ currents to glucocorticoids, linked to alterations in tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakhin Shimoni
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Health Sciences Centre, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1.
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Severinghaus JW. Sightings. High Alt Med Biol 2004. [DOI: 10.1089/1527029041352027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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