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Mohammadi K, Shafie D, Ghomashi N, Abdolizadeh A, Sadeghpour M. Kinin-kallikrein system: New perspectives in heart failure. Heart Fail Rev 2024; 29:729-737. [PMID: 38381277 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a pervasive clinical challenge characterized by compromised cardiac function and reduced quality of life. The kinin-kallikrein system (KSS), a multifaceted peptide cascade, has garnered substantial attention due to its potential role in HF. Through activation of B1 and/or B2 receptors and downstream signaling, kinins modulate various physiological processes, including inflammation, coagulation, pain, blood pressure control, and vascular permeability. Notably, aberrations in KKS components have been linked to HF risk. The elevation of vasodilatory bradykinin (BK) due to kallikrein activity reduces preload and afterload, while concurrently fostering sodium reabsorption inhibition. However, kallikrein's conversion of prorenin to renin leads to angiotensinsII upregulation, resulting in vasoconstriction and fluid retention, alongside increased immune cell activity that fuels inflammation and cardiac remodeling. Importantly, prolonged KKS activation resulting from volume overload and tissue stretch contributes to cardiac collagen loss. The conventional renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors used in HF management may inadvertently intensify KKS activity, exacerbating collagen depletion and cardiac remodeling. It is crucial to balance the KKS's role in acute cardiac damage, which may temporarily enhance function and metabolic parameters against its detrimental long-term effects. Thus, KKS blockade emerges as a promising strategy to impede HF progression. By attenuating the link between immune system function and tissue damage, KKS inhibition can potentially reduce cardiac remodeling and alleviate HF symptoms. However, the nuanced roles of BK in various acute conditions necessitate further investigation into the sustained benefits of kallikrein inhibitors in patients with chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Mohammadi
- Shahid Chamran Heart Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Davood Shafie
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Newsha Ghomashi
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Abdolizadeh
- Institute of Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Majid Sadeghpour
- School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Ruiz-Esparza GU, Segura-Ibarra V, Cordero-Reyes AM, Youker KA, Serda RE, Cruz-Solbes AS, Amione-Guerra J, Yokoi K, Kirui DK, Cara FE, Paez-Mayorga J, Flores-Arredondo JH, Guerrero-Beltrán CE, Garcia-Rivas G, Ferrari M, Blanco E, Torre-Amione G. A specifically designed nanoconstruct associates, internalizes, traffics in cardiovascular cells, and accumulates in failing myocardium: a new strategy for heart failure diagnostics and therapeutics. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:169-78. [PMID: 26749465 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Ongoing inflammation and endothelial dysfunction occurs within the local microenvironment of heart failure, creating an appropriate scenario for successful use and delivery of nanovectors. This study sought to investigate whether cardiovascular cells associate, internalize, and traffic a nanoplatform called mesoporous silicon vector (MSV), and determine its intravenous accumulation in cardiac tissue in a murine model of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS In vitro cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking of MSVs was examined by scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, time-lapse microscopy, and flow cytometry in cardiac myocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. The MSVs were internalized within the first hours, and trafficked to perinuclear regions in all the cell lines. Cytotoxicity was investigated by annexin V and cell cycle assays. No significant evidence of toxicity was found. In vivo intravenous cardiac accumulation of MSVs was examined by high content fluorescence and confocal microscopy, with results showing increased accumulation of particles in failing hearts compared with normal hearts. Similar to observations in vitro, MSVs were able to associate, internalize, and traffic to the perinuclear region of cardiomyocytes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Results show that MSVs associate, internalize, and traffic in cardiovascular cells without any significant toxicity. Furthermore, MSVs accumulate in failing myocardium after intravenous administration, reaching intracellular regions of the cardiomyocytes. These findings represent a novel avenue to develop nanotechnology-based therapeutics and diagnostics in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo U Ruiz-Esparza
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Street, MS R7-360.5, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey N.L., México 64849.,Catedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey N.L., México 64710
| | - Victor Segura-Ibarra
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Street, MS R7-360.5, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey N.L., México 64849
| | - Andrea M Cordero-Reyes
- DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite 1901, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith A Youker
- DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite 1901, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rita E Serda
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ana S Cruz-Solbes
- DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite 1901, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Javier Amione-Guerra
- DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite 1901, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kenji Yokoi
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Street, MS R7-360.5, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dickson K Kirui
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Street, MS R7-360.5, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Francisca E Cara
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Street, MS R7-360.5, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jesus Paez-Mayorga
- Catedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey N.L., México 64710
| | - Jose H Flores-Arredondo
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carlos E Guerrero-Beltrán
- Catedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey N.L., México 64710
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Catedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey N.L., México 64710
| | - Mauro Ferrari
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Street, MS R7-360.5, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Elvin Blanco
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Street, MS R7-360.5, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guillermo Torre-Amione
- Catedra de Cardiología y Medicina Vascular, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey N.L., México 64710.,DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6565 Fannin Street, Suite 1901, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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3
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Zhang X, Brovkovych V, Zhang Y, Tan F, Skidgel RA. Downregulation of kinin B1 receptor function by B2 receptor heterodimerization and signaling. Cell Signal 2014; 27:90-103. [PMID: 25289859 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Signaling through the G protein-coupled kinin receptors B1 (kB1R) and B2 (kB2R) plays a critical role in inflammatory responses mediated by activation of the kallikrein-kinin system. The kB2R is constitutively expressed and rapidly desensitized in response to agonist whereas kB1R expression is upregulated by inflammatory stimuli and it is resistant to internalization and desensitization. Here we show that the kB1R heterodimerizes with kB2Rs in co-transfected HEK293 cells and natively expressing endothelial cells, resulting in significant internalization and desensitization of the kB1R response in cells pre-treated with kB2R agonist. However, pre-treatment of cells with kB1R agonist did not affect subsequent kB2R responses. Agonists of other G protein-coupled receptors (thrombin, lysophosphatidic acid) had no effect on a subsequent kB1R response. The loss of kB1R response after pretreatment with kB2R agonist was partially reversed with kB2R mutant Y129S, which blocks kB2R signaling without affecting endocytosis, or T342A, which signals like wild type but is not endocytosed. Co-endocytosis of the kB1R with kB2R was dependent on β-arrestin and clathrin-coated pits but not caveolae. The sorting pathway of kB1R and kB2R after endocytosis differed as recycling of kB1R to the cell surface was much slower than that of kB2R. In cytokine-treated human lung microvascular endothelial cells, pre-treatment with kB2R agonist inhibited kB1R-mediated increase in transendothelial electrical resistance (TER) caused by kB1R stimulation (to generate nitric oxide) and blocked the profound drop in TER caused by kB1R activation in the presence of pyrogallol (a superoxide generator). Thus, kB1R function can be downregulated by kB2R co-endocytosis and signaling, suggesting new approaches to control kB1R signaling in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Viktor Brovkovych
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Fulong Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Randal A Skidgel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States; Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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4
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Roman-Campos D, Duarte HL, Gomes ER, Castro CH, Guatimosim S, Natali AJ, Almeida AP, Pesquero JB, Pesquero JL, Cruz JS. Investigation of the cardiomyocyte dysfunction in bradykinin type 2 receptor knockout mice. Life Sci 2010; 87:715-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Koumbadinga GA, Désormeaux A, Adam A, Marceau F. Effect of interferon-γ on inflammatory cytokine-induced bradykinin B1 receptor expression in human vascular cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 647:117-25. [PMID: 20813106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the bradykinin B(1) receptor is strongly regulated in vascular tissue following injury, with little or no expression in healthy tissues. The present work aimed to verify whether primary human vascular cells (umbilical vein endothelial cells, umbilical artery smooth muscle cells) respond to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ by an upregulation of B(1) receptors and whether these pathways interact. B(1) receptor expression was quantified using a [(3)H]Lys-des-Arg(9)-bradykinin binding assay (cell surface protein) and RT-PCR (mRNA). A pharmacological approach exploiting several inhibitory drugs related to cytokine signaling was applied. The combined treatment with TNF-α and IFN-γ had a synergistic effect on B(1) receptor expression in both cell types, increasing primarily receptor abundance in both cell types (16 h) and mRNA concentration (4h) in endothelial cells. The synergistic effect of the IFN-γ-TNF-α combination was abated by drugs targeted at the signaling of either cytokine (for TNF-α: etanercept or the IκB kinase 2 inhibitor TPCA-1; for IFN-γ: neutralizing antibodies to IFN-γ, a pan-Jak inhibitor but not the Jak2 inhibitor AG490). Thus, Jak2 signaling may not be recruited by the IFN-γ receptors in vascular cells; however, Stat1 phosphorylation was correlated as expected to the effect of IFN-γ on B(1) receptor expression. Random migration was inhibited by the B(1) receptor agonist Lys-des-Arg(9)-bradykinin only in smooth muscle cells pretreated with the cytokine combination. The amplificatory effect of IFN-γ on TNF-α-induced bradykinin B(1) receptor expression is relevant to vasculopathies associated with T helper 1 cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérémy Abdull Koumbadinga
- Centre de recherche en rhumatologie et immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Savvatis K, Westermann D, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Kinins in cardiac inflammation and regeneration: insights from ischemic and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Neuropeptides 2010; 44:119-25. [PMID: 20036002 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is a system of vasoactive peptides, the kinins, involved in different aspects of remodeling, inflammation and angiogenesis. Kinins mediate their actions through two receptors, B1R and B2R. It is increasingly recognized that the KKS is involved in the inflammatory processes of the heart. Evidence shows that the B2R is beneficial in myocardial diseases, protecting from inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis, while B1R shows a proinflammatory character contributing to the disease progression by increasing the production of cytokines and stimulating the migration of immune cells. Furthermore, novel important actions of the KKS and its receptors contribute to neovascularization and recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic areas and endothelial dysfunction. The kinin receptors could therefore constitute potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of myocardial ischemia and diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Savvatis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Westermann D, Walther T, Savvatis K, Escher F, Sobirey M, Riad A, Bader M, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Gene deletion of the kinin receptor B1 attenuates cardiac inflammation and fibrosis during the development of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. Diabetes 2009; 58:1373-81. [PMID: 19276445 PMCID: PMC2682670 DOI: 10.2337/db08-0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes. The underlying pathology of this disease is still under discussion. We studied the role of the kinin B1 receptor on the development of experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We utilized B1 receptor knockout mice and investigated cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress after induction of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Furthermore, the left ventricular function was measured by pressure-volume loops after 8 weeks of diabetes. RESULTS B1 receptor knockout mice showed an attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy with improved systolic and diastolic function in comparison with diabetic control mice. This was associated with a decreased activation state of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38, less oxidative stress, as well as normalized cardiac inflammation, shown by fewer invading cells and no increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 as well as the chemokine CXCL-5. Furthermore, the profibrotic connective tissue growth factor was normalized, leading to a reduction in cardiac fibrosis despite severe hyperglycemia in mice lacking the B1 receptor. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the B1 receptor is detrimental in diabetic cardiomyopathy in that it mediates inflammatory and fibrotic processes. These insights might have useful implications on future studies utilizing B1 receptor antagonists for treatment of human diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westermann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Walther
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felcicitas Escher
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Meike Sobirey
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Riad
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
- Corresponding author: Carsten Tschöpe,
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Current concepts of neurohormonal activation in heart failure: mediators and mechanisms. AACN Adv Crit Care 2009; 19:364-85; quiz 386-7. [PMID: 18981739 DOI: 10.1097/01.aacn.0000340718.93742.c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neurohormonal activation is a commonly cited array of phenomena in the body's physiologic response to heart failure. Although various neurohormones and pharmacologic agents that moderate their pathophysiologic effects have been reviewed in the nursing literature, both the mechanisms of neurohormonal system activation and cellular and organ system effects have been described only in brief. Accordingly, this article reviews mechanisms of neurohormonal activation and describes cellular and cardiovascular effects of the (1) sympathetic nervous system, (2) renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, (3) kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system, (4) vasopressinergic system, (5) natriuretic peptide systems, and (6) endothelin in the context of heart failure. This article implicitly details the physiologic basis for numerous current and potential future pharmacologic agents used in the management of heart failure. It is intended that this article be used as a reference for advanced clinical nursing practice, research, and education.
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Wang PHM, Cenedeze MA, Campanholle G, Malheiros DMAC, Torres HADM, Pesquero JB, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Deletion of bradykinin B1 receptor reduces renal fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2008; 9:653-7. [PMID: 19010452 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Kallikrein-kinin system works through activation of two receptors. One constitutive, named B2 receptor (B2R) and another inducible, denominated B1 receptor (B1R). In renal fibrosis, B2R receptor activation appears to be protective, however B1R participation is unveiled. The aim of this study was to analyze how the deletion of the B1R would modify tissue responses after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). For that, B1R knockout (B1KO) and wild-type mice (B1B2WT) were subjected to UUO and sacrificed at days 1, 5 and 14. Renal dysfunction was assayed by urine proteinuria/creatinine ratio and percentage of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Kidneys were harvested at day 5 to analyze anti and pro-inflammatory molecules expression by real-time PCR. We demonstrated that at all time points, B1KO mice presented lower proteinuria/creatinine ratio from bladder urine. B1KO protection was reinforced by its lower tubular interstitial fibrosis percentage at day 14 (B1B2WT: 12.16+/-1.53% vs. B1KO: 6.73+/-1.07%, p<0.02). UUO was able to induce B1R expression and its highest transcription was achieved at day 5. At this day, B1KO had significant lower expression of pro-inflammatory molecules such as TGF-beta, MCP-1, OPN and IL-6 and higher anti-inflammatory components, as IL-10 and HO-1. Herein, we observed that B1R deletion may be an important component in renal fibrosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella Huey Mei Wang
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wang PHM, Campanholle G, Cenedeze MA, Feitoza CQ, Gonçalves GM, Landgraf RG, Jancar S, Pesquero JB, Pacheco-Silva A, Câmara NOS. Bradykinin [corrected] B1 receptor antagonism is beneficial in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3050. [PMID: 18725957 PMCID: PMC2516176 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we have demonstrated that bradykinin B1 receptor deficient mice (B1KO) were protected against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Here, we aimed to analyze the effect of B1 antagonism on renal IRI and to study whether B1R knockout or antagonism could modulate the renal expression of pro and anti-inflammatory molecules. To this end, mice were subjected to 45 minutes ischemia and reperfused at 4, 24, 48 and 120 hours. Wild-type mice were treated intra-peritoneally with antagonists of either B1 (R-954, 200 µg/kg) or B2 receptor (HOE140, 200 µg/kg) 30 minutes prior to ischemia. Blood samples were collected to ascertain serum creatinine level, and kidneys were harvested for gene transcript analyses by real-time PCR. Herein, B1R antagonism (R-954) was able to decrease serum creatinine levels, whereas B2R antagonism had no effect. The protection seen under B1R deletion or antagonism was associated with an increased expression of GATA-3, IL-4 and IL-10 and a decreased T-bet and IL-1β transcription. Moreover, treatment with R-954 resulted in lower MCP-1, and higher HO-1 expression. Our results demonstrated that bradykinin B1R antagonism is beneficial in renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella H. M. Wang
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabriela Campanholle
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia de Transplantes, Department of Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A. Cenedeze
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Q. Feitoza
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle M. Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richardt G. Landgraf
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Department of Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia Jancar
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Department of Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João B. Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O. S. Câmara
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica e Experimental, Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia de Transplantes, Department of Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Merino VF, Todiras M, Campos LA, Saul V, Popova E, Baltatu OC, Pesquero JB, Bader M. Increased susceptibility to endotoxic shock in transgenic rats with endothelial overexpression of kinin B(1) receptors. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:791-8. [PMID: 18425495 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Two kinin receptors have been described, the inducible B(1) and the constitutive B(2). B(1) receptors are important in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammation. To further clarify their vascular function, we have generated transgenic rats (TGR(Tie2B(1))) overexpressing the B(1) receptor exclusively in the endothelium. Endothelial cell-specific expression was confirmed by B(1)-agonist-induced relaxation of isolated aorta, which was abolished by endothelial denudation of the vessel. This vasodilatation was mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and K(+) channels. TGR(Tie2B(1)) rats were normotensive but, in contrast to controls, reacted with a marked fall in blood pressure and increased vascular permeability after intravenous injection of a B(1) agonist. After lipopolysaccharide treatment, they present a more pronounced hypotensive response and marked bradycardia associated with increased mortality when compared to non-transgenic control animals. Thus, the transgenic rats overexpressing kinin B(1) receptors exclusively in the endothelium generated in this study support an important role of this receptor in the vasculature during the pathogenesis of endotoxic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa F Merino
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin-Buch, Berlin, 13125, Germany
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Liesmaa I, Kokkonen JO, Kovanen PT, Lindstedt KA. Lovastatin induces the expression of bradykinin type 2 receptors in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2007; 43:593-600. [PMID: 17900611 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2007] [Revised: 08/06/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardioprotective bradykinin type-2 receptors (BK-2Rs) are downregulated in the myocardial endothelium of both human and rat failing hearts. Statins are cardioprotective drugs that reduce the level of plasma cholesterol but also exert cholesterol-independent pleiotropic effects. Here we examined the effect of lovastatin on BK-2R expression in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells. The effect of lovastatin on the expression of BK receptors in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) was examined by real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Lovastatin induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in both BK-2R and BK-1R mRNA expression in the cultured HCAECs. Also, the number of functional BK-2Rs capable of inducing BK-mediated NO production and cGMP signaling was increased in the lovastatin-treated HCAECs. Mevalonate, the direct metabolite of HMG-CoA reductase, reversed the effect of lovastatin. Furthermore, lovastatin inhibited Rho activation and a selective inhibitor of Rho-associated kinases, Y-27632, induced a similar increase in BK-2R expression as lovastatin. In contrast, a specific inhibitor of COX-2, NS398, significantly inhibited the lovastatin-induced expression of BK-2Rs. Here we show for the first time that lovastatin induces the expression of BK-2Rs in cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells through a novel cholesterol-independent pleiotropic mechanism that involves RhoA kinase inhibition and COX-2 activation. Thus, reported beneficial effects of statins in cardiovascular diseases may be partly mediated by an increased expression of cardioprotective BK-2Rs in the endothelial cells of the coronary tree. Moreover, the use of COX-2 inhibitors may affect the level of endothelial BK-2Rs in a negative fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Liesmaa
- Wihuri Research Institute, Kalliolinnantie 4, FI-00140 Helsinki, Finland
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14
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Helske S, Laine M, Kupari M, Lommi J, Turto H, Nurmi L, Tikkanen I, Werkkala K, Lindstedt KA, Kovanen PT. Increased expression of profibrotic neutral endopeptidase and bradykinin type 1 receptors in stenotic aortic valves. Eur Heart J 2007; 28:1894-903. [PMID: 17507367 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehm129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS In aortic stenosis (AS), adverse remodelling of the valves may depend on altered local regulation of pro- and antifibrotic systems. We have recently shown that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which generates profibrotic angiotensin II and inactivates antifibrotic bradykinin (BK), is upregulated in stenotic aortic valves. Here, we analyse the expression of neutral endopeptidase (NEP), another profibrotic and BK-degrading enzyme, and of BK receptors in aortic valves in AS. METHODS AND RESULTS Stenotic aortic valves (n = 86) were obtained at valve replacement surgery and control valves (n = 13) at cardiac transplantation. Expression levels of NEP and BK type 1 and 2 receptors (BK-1R and BK-2R) in aortic valves and in isolated valvular myofibroblasts were analysed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, and NEP activity was quantified by autoradiography. NEP, BK-1R, and BK-2R mRNA levels were higher in stenotic than in non-stenotic valves (P < 0.05 for each) and the respective proteins localized to valvular endothelial cells and myofibroblasts. In stenotic valves, the proteolytic activity of NEP was significantly increased (4.5-fold, P < 0.001), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha induced the expression of NEP in cultured myofibroblasts. Finally, treatment of cultured myofibroblasts with an NEP inhibitor (phosphoramidon) downregulated the expression of profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta1, whereas addition of BK decreased the expression of collagens I and III which was reversed by a BK-2R antagonist. CONCLUSION NEP activity is increased in stenotic aortic valves in parallel with increased expression of BK-receptors. The upregulation of NEP and BK-1R have the potential to promote valvular fibrosis and remodelling while the increase in BK-2R may represent a compensatory antifibrotic response. These findings add novel pathogenic insight and raise potential new therapeutic targets in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Helske
- Wihuri Research Institute, Kalliolinnantie 4, Fin-00140 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Mazzadi AN, André-Fouët X, Costes N, Croisille P, Revel D, Janier MF. Mechanisms leading to reversible mechanical dysfunction in severe CAD: alternatives to myocardial stunning. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H2570-82. [PMID: 16861690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01249.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with severe chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) exhibit a highly altered myocardial pattern of perfusion, metabolism, and mechanical performance. In this context, the diagnosis of stunning remains elusive not only because of methodological and logistic considerations, but also because of the pathophysiological characteristics of the myocardium of these patients. In addition, a number of alternative pathophysiological mechanisms may act by mimicking the functional manifestations usually attributed to stunning. The present review describes three mechanisms that could theoretically lead to reversible mechanical dysfunction in these patients: myocardial wall stress, the tethering effect, and myocardial expression and release of auto- and paracrine agents. Attention is focused on the role of these mechanisms in scintigraphically “normal” regions (i.e., regions usually showing normal perfusion, glucose metabolism, and cellular integrity as assessed by nuclear imaging techniques), in which stunning is usually considered, but these mechanisms could also operate throughout the viable myocardium. We hypothesize that reversion of these three mechanisms could partially explain the unexpected functional benefit after reperfusion recently highlighted by high-spatial-resolution imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro N Mazzadi
- Centre de Recherche et d'Applications en Traitement de l'Mage et du Signal, Institut National de la Santé de la Recherche Médicale Unité 630, Université Claude Bernard 1, Lyon, France.
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16
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Morissette G, Sabourin T, Adam A, Marceau F. Inhibition of human and rabbit arterial smooth muscle cell migration mediated by the kinin B1 receptor: role of receptor density and released mediators. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 84:1107-19. [PMID: 17218975 DOI: 10.1139/y06-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK)-related peptides are suspected to negatively influence diverse functions in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), notably via stimulation of the inducible B1 receptor (B1R), and have been shown to inhibit the migration of rat SMCs. The present study had several objectives: (i) to test whether B1R mediates the inhibition of migration of arterial SMCs from additional species (the human and the rabbit); (ii) whether B1R density influences this action and whether autocrine NO or prostanoid release modulate it; and (iii) the possible signaling interaction between the B1R and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3K) has been addressed. The peptidase resistant B1R agonist Sar-[D-Phe8]des-Arg9-BK (10 nmol/L – 1 μmol/L) was an inhibitor of migration in human or rabbit arterial SMCs in a wound closure assay, more effectively if the medium composition allowed a high B1R expression (20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) + interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in human SMCs, 10% FBS in rabbit cells). The effect of the B1R agonist on motility was abrogated by a B1R antagonist, B-9858, but not by the B2R antagonist Hoe 140; a peptidase-resistant B2R agonist, [Phe8Ψ(CH2-NH)-Arg9]BK, had a marginal or no effect on migration. Sar-[D-Phe8]des-Arg9-BK (1 μmol/L) did not significantly influence SMC proliferation. The B1R-mediated inhibition of SMC migration was not affected by pharmacological inhibition of the nitric oxide synthases or cyclooxygenases-1 or -2, but was correlated to an inhibition of PI-3K in both types of SMCs. The inhibition of SMC migration mediated by the kinin B1R is likely independent from NO or prostanoid release, applicable to several species, and correlated to receptor density and the inhibition of PI-3K.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/cytology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Bradykinin/analogs & derivatives
- Bradykinin/pharmacology
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Prostaglandins/metabolism
- Rabbits
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/drug effects
- Receptor, Bradykinin B1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Time Factors
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Umbilical Veins/metabolism
- Wound Healing/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Morissette
- Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie T1-49, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
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17
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Battistini B, Daull P, Jeng AY. CGS 35601, a Triple Inhibitor of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Neutral Endopeptidase and Endothelin Converting Enzyme. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 23:317-30. [PMID: 16614731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3466.2005.tb00175.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CGS 35601 (L-tryptophan, N-[[1-[[(2S)-2-mercapto-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]-cyclopentyl]carbonyl]) is one of a few single molecules capable of inhibiting the activities of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) simultaneously, with IC(50) values of 22, 2, and 55 nM, respectively. Through the inhibition of ACE and ECE, it blocks the conversion of angiotensin I (AI) and big endothelin-1 (big ET-1) into the two most potent peptidic vasoconstrictors, angiotensin II (AII) and ET-1, respectively. By inhibiting NEP, CGS 35601 also prevents the degradation of peptidic vasodilators such as bradykinin (BK), natriuretic peptides (NPs) and adrenomedullin (ADM) and, hence, modulates the secondary release of other vasoactive mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins. In chronic (30 days) experiments, CGS 35601 is well tolerated with a very good safety profile in healthy normotensive, hypertensive and type 2 diabetic rats. The antihypertensive efficacy of CGS 35601 was demonstrated in chronically instrumented, unrestrained and conscious rat models of hypertension (SHR and DSS) and type 2 diabetes (ZDF-fatty). It lowered blood pressure effectively as well as modulated plasma concentrations of a number of circulating vasoactive peptidic mediators that are keys to the regulation of the vascular tone. These data suggest that CGS 35601, a triple vasopeptidase inhibitor (VPI), may represent a novel class of antihypertensive drugs and may have the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and subsequent renal complications. Similar in vivo ACE, NEP, and ECE inhibitory activities were also observed with the orally active prodrug, CGS 37808 (L-tryptophan, N-[[1-[[(2S)-2-(acetylthio)-4-methyl-1-oxopentyl]amino]cyclopentyl]-carbonyl]-, methyl ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Battistini
- Laval Hospital Research Center, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
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Moreau ME, Garbacki N, Molinaro G, Brown NJ, Marceau F, Adam A. The kallikrein-kinin system: current and future pharmacological targets. J Pharmacol Sci 2006; 99:6-38. [PMID: 16177542 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.srj05001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system is an endogenous metabolic cascade, triggering of which results in the release of vasoactive kinins (bradykinin-related peptides). This complex system includes the precursors of kinins known as kininogens and mainly tissue and plasma kallikreins. The pharmacologically active kinins, which are often considered as either proinflammatory or cardioprotective, are implicated in many physiological and pathological processes. The interest of the various components of this multi-protein system is explained in part by the multiplicity of its pharmacological activities, mediated not only by kinins and their receptors, but also by their precursors and their activators and the metallopeptidases and the antiproteases that limit their activities. The regulation of this system by serpins and the wide distribution of the different constituents add to the complexity of this system, as well as its multiple relationships with other important metabolic pathways such as the renin-angiotensin, coagulation, or complement pathways. The purpose of this review is to summarize the main properties of this kallikrein-kinin system and to address the multiple pharmacological interventions that modulate the functions of this system, restraining its proinflammatory effects or potentiating its cardiovascular properties.
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