1
|
Affiliation(s)
- Milton Packer
- Baylor Heart and Vascular Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Tsvetkov D, Kuczmanski A, Dashwood M, Gil-Ortega M. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:23-59. [PMID: 29357124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is cushion of fat tissue surrounding blood vessels, which is phenotypically different from other adipose tissue depots. PVAT is composed of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction, constituted by different populations of immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipose-derived stromal cells. It expresses and releases an important number of vasoactive factors with paracrine effects on vascular structure and function. In healthy individuals, these factors elicit a net anticontractile and anti-inflammatory paracrine effect aimed at meeting hemodynamic and metabolic demands of specific organs and regions of the body. Pathophysiological situations, such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension, induce changes in its amount and in the expression pattern of vasoactive factors leading to a PVAT dysfunction in which the beneficial paracrine influence of PVAT is shifted to a pro-oxidant, proinflammatory, contractile, and trophic environment leading to functional and structural cardiovascular alterations and cardiovascular disease. Many different PVATs surrounding a variety of blood vessels have been described and exhibit regional differences. Both protective and deleterious influence of PVAT differs regionally depending on the specific vascular bed contributing to variations in the susceptibility of arteries and veins to vascular disease. PVAT therefore, might represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention in cardiovascular disease. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:23-59, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salama A, Mostafa RE, Omara EA. Effects of phosphodiestrase type 5 inhibitors in epinephrine-induced arrhythmia in rats: Involvement of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase downregulation and adiponectin expression. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:256-264. [PMID: 29233027 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117695638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia is a common cause of mortality, and its progression may be due to abnormal sympathetic nerve activity and catecholamine release. Besides, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) downregulation and adiponectin expression play important roles in promoting coronary artery disease. The study aimed to examine the possible cardioprotective effect of members of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors in epinephrine-induced arrhythmia in rats. Arrhythmia was induced by cumulative boluses of epinephrine (4, 8, 16, 32, 64, and 128 mg/kg) given at 10-min intervals. Rats were randomly allocated into five groups. Group I: Normal control group received only saline. Group II: Rats injected with epinephrine and served as arrhythmia group. Groups III, IV, and V: Rats received daily oral sildenafil (0.5 mg/kg), vardenafil (3 mg/kg), and tadalafil (10 mg/kg), respectively, for 30 days prior to epinephrine injections. Injection of epinephrine to rats decreased heart rate and QTc interval but increased RR interval and duration of arrhythmia. Epinephrine group had lower serum reduced glutathione (GSH) and adiponectin levels and higher serum malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), heart LDH, and CK contents. Histopathological investigations of epinephrine group provoked necrotic changes with strong positive immunoreactivity for caspases-3. While pretreatment of rats with PDE-5 inhibitors improved GSH and adiponectin contents, ameliorated serum MDA and NO levels and heart LDH and CK contents and corrected epinephrine-induced histopathological changes. PDE-5 inhibitors may delay epinephrine-induced arrhythmia through expression of adiponectin and downregulation of heart LDH and CK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaa Salama
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - R E Mostafa
- 1 Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - E A Omara
- 2 Department of Pathology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lemaire A, Vanorlé M, Horckmans M, di Pietrantonio L, Clouet S, Robaye B, Boeynaems JM, Communi D. Mouse P2Y 4 Nucleotide Receptor Is a Negative Regulator of Cardiac Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Differentiation and Cardiac Fat Formation. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 26:363-373. [PMID: 27855539 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac adipose tissue-derived stem cells (cASCs) have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages giving them a high potential for use in regenerative medicine. Cardiac fat tissue still raises many unsolved questions related to its formation and features. P2Y nucleotide receptors have already been described as regulators of differentiation of bone-marrow derived stem cells, but remain poorly investigated in cASCs. We defined, in this study, the P2Y4 nucleotide receptor as a negative regulator of cardiac fat formation and cASC adipogenic differentiation. Higher expression of P2Y4 receptor in cardiac fat tissue was observed compared to other adipose tissues. P2Y4-null mice displayed a higher mass of cardiac adipose tissue specifically. We therefore examined the role of P2Y4 receptor in cASC adipogenic differentiation. An inhibitory effect of uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP), ligand of P2Y4, was observed on the maturation state of differentiated cASCs, and on the expression of adipogenesis-linked genes and adiponectin, a cardioprotective adipokine. Higher adiponectin secretion by P2Y4-null adipocytes could be linked with cardioprotection previously observed in the heart of P2Y4-null ischemic mice. We realized here left anterior descending artery ligation on simple and double-knockout mice for P2Y4 and adiponectin. No cardioprotective effect of P2Y4 loss was observed in the absence of adiponectin secretion. In addition, P2Y4 loss was correlated with higher expression of UCP-1 (uncoupling protein-1) and CD137, two markers of brown/beige cardiac adipocytes. Our data highlight the P2Y4 receptor as an inhibitor of cardiac fat formation and cASC adipogenic differentiation, and as a potential therapeutic target in the regulation of cardioprotective function of cardiac fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Lemaire
- 1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marion Vanorlé
- 1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michael Horckmans
- 1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Larissa di Pietrantonio
- 1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Clouet
- 1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Robaye
- 2 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Boeynaems
- 1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium .,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles , Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Communi
- 1 Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (IRIBHM) , Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nacci C, Leo V, De Benedictis L, Potenza MA, Sgarra L, De Salvia MA, Quon MJ, Montagnani M. Infliximab therapy restores adiponectin expression in perivascular adipose tissue and improves endothelial nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in mice with type 1 diabetes. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 87:83-91. [PMID: 27565410 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increased TNFα-mediated JNK signaling in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) may contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular complications in T1DM by reducing adiponectin (Ad) synthesis and therefore impairing Ad-mediated activity in the contiguous blood vessel system. We evaluated whether in vivo treatment with the TNFα blocking antibody infliximab normalized expression of Ad and Ad receptors in various fat depots, and whether this effect correlated with improved endothelial activity and vasodilator function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ mice were studied at 1 and 2weeks after diabetes onset, and compared to age-matched infliximab-treated diabetic (I-STZ) and control animals (CTRL) (n=10 each group). In STZ mice, activation of pro-inflammatory JNK signaling was faster in PVAT (P<0.01) than in visceral (VAT), epididymal (EAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose depots, and associated with decreased Ad synthesis and dysregulated AdipoR1/R2 levels. In parallel, activation of JNK in aortic endothelial cells and mesenteric arteries was associated with decreased expression/phosphorylation of eNOS and impaired ACh-mediated vasodilation (P<0.05 vs. CTRL). Treatment with infliximab abrogated JNK activation, ameliorated Ad protein expression, and normalized expression of both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in PVAT, concomitantly improving eNOS expression and vessel relaxation in mesenteric arteries from I-STZ mice (P<0.01 vs. STZ). These observations underline the early susceptibility of PVAT to activation of pro-inflammatory JNK signaling, and highlight its potential importance in early vascular changes of T1DM. Further elucidation of the role of PVAT in cardiovascular complications may allow for the design of novel therapeutic strategies directly addressing PVAT pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Nacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valentina Leo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Leonarda De Benedictis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A Potenza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Luca Sgarra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Maria A De Salvia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Michael J Quon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gumanova NG, Gavrilova NE, Chernushevich OI, Kots AY, Metelskaya VA. Ratios of leptin to insulin and adiponectin to endothelin are sex-dependently associated with extent of coronary atherosclerosis. Biomarkers 2016; 22:239-245. [PMID: 27300270 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2016.1201539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noninvasive diagnostics of early stages of coronary artery disease and discrimination between various extents of vascular lesions in patients is an important clinical problem especially considering wide spread use of cholesterol lowering drugs that affect lipid and lipoprotein profiling. The main goal of our study was to evaluate applicability of new combinations of noninvasive biomarkers such as leptin to insulin and adiponectin to endothelin ratios, for detection of early stages of coronary atherosclerosis versus later stages of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS A number of previously validated serum biomarkers were tested in a group of 500 patients with coronary artery disease and examined for their association with severity of coronary lesion according to Gensini score determined by coronary angiography. RESULTS Lowest extent of coronary lesions was associated with significant increase in apoA-I levels and with significantly increased ratios of adiponectin to endothelin and leptin to insulin. In male but not in female patients, adiponectin to endothelin ratio below 7.0 was associated with Gensini score representing early to high coronary lesions (p = 0.02). In female but not in male patients, leptin to insulin ratio below 3.5 was associated with Gensini score representing early to high coronary lesions (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION Leptin to insulin and adiponectin to endothelin ratios are novel derived biomarkers useful for noninvasive diagnostics of initial stages of coronary lesions in patients with coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda G Gumanova
- a Department of Biochemistry , National Research Center for Preventive Medicine of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation , Moscow , Russia
| | - Natalia E Gavrilova
- b Department of Medicine , National Research Center for Preventive Medicine of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation , Moscow , Russia
| | | | - Alexander Y Kots
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , the George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Victoria A Metelskaya
- a Department of Biochemistry , National Research Center for Preventive Medicine of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation , Moscow , Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Campia U, Tesauro M, Di Daniele N, Cardillo C. The vascular endothelin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Life Sci 2014; 118:149-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
8
|
Almabrouk TAM, Ewart MA, Salt IP, Kennedy S. Perivascular fat, AMP-activated protein kinase and vascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:595-617. [PMID: 24490856 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an active endocrine and paracrine organ that modulates vascular function, with implications for the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytes and stromal cells contained within PVAT produce mediators (adipokines, cytokines, reactive oxygen species and gaseous compounds) with a range of paracrine effects modulating vascular smooth muscle cell contraction, proliferation and migration. However, the modulatory effect of PVAT on the vascular system in diseases, such as obesity, hypertension and atherosclerosis, remains poorly characterized. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates adipocyte metabolism, adipose biology and vascular function, and hence may be a potential therapeutic target for metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the vascular complications associated with obesity and T2DM. The role of AMPK in PVAT or the actions of PVAT have yet to be established, however. Activation of AMPK by pharmacological agents, such as metformin and thiazolidinediones, may modulate the activity of PVAT surrounding blood vessels and thereby contribute to their beneficial effect in cardiometabolic diseases. This review will provide a current perspective on how PVAT may influence vascular function via AMPK. We will also attempt to demonstrate how modulating AMPK activity using pharmacological agents could be exploited therapeutically to treat cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A M Almabrouk
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grossini E, Prodam F, Walker GE, Sigaudo L, Farruggio S, Bellofatto K, Marotta P, Molinari C, Mary D, Bona G, Vacca G. Effect of monomeric adiponectin on cardiac function and perfusion in anesthetized pig. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:137-49. [PMID: 24860147 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine released by adipose tissue, appears to play an important role in the regulation of vascular endothelial and cardiac function. To date, however, the physiological effects of human monomeric adiponectin on the coronary vasculature and myocardial systo-diastolic function, as well as on parasympathetic/sympathetic involvement and nitric oxide (NO) release, have not yet been investigated. Thus, we planned to determine the primary in vivo effects of human monomeric adiponectin on coronary blood flow and cardiac contractility/relaxation and the related role of autonomic nervous system, adiponectin receptors, and NO. In 30 anesthetized pigs, human monomeric adiponectin was infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery at constant heart rate and arterial blood pressure, and the effects on coronary blood flow, left ventricular systo-diastolic function, myocardial oxygen metabolism, and NO release were examined. The mechanisms of the observed hemodynamic responses were also analyzed by repeating the highest dose of human monomeric adiponectin infusion after autonomic nervous system and NO blockade, and after specific adiponectin 1 receptor antagonist administration. Intracoronary human monomeric adiponectin caused dose-related increases of coronary blood flow and cardiac function. Those effects were accompanied by increased coronary NO release and coronary adiponectin levels. Moreover, the vascular effects of the peptide were prevented by blockade of β2-adrenoceptors and NO synthase, whereas all effects of human monomeric adiponectin were prevented by adiponectin 1 receptor inhibitor. In conclusion, human monomeric adiponectin primarily increased coronary blood flow and cardiac systo-diastolic function through the involvement of specific receptors, β2-adrenoceptors, and NO release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gillian Elisabeth Walker
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sarvottam K, Magan D, Yadav RK, Mehta N, Mahapatra SC. Adiponectin, Interleukin-6, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Are Modified by a Short-Term Yoga-Based Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Men. J Altern Complement Med 2013; 19:397-402. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2012.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sarvottam
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dipti Magan
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Raj Kumar Yadav
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nalin Mehta
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil C. Mahapatra
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nacci C, Leo V, De Benedictis L, Carratù MR, Bartolomeo N, Altomare M, Giordano P, Faienza MF, Montagnani M. Elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels may contribute to hypoadiponectinemia in childhood obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E683-93. [PMID: 23457411 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pediatric obesity is associated with endothelial dysfunction and hypoadiponectinemia, but the relationship between these two conditions remains to be fully clarified. Whether enhanced release of endothelin-1 (ET-1) may directly impair adiponectin (Ad) production in obese children is not known. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to explore whether and how high circulating levels of ET-1 may contribute to impair Ad production, release, and vascular activity. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Sixty children were included into obese (Ob; n = 30), overweight (OW; n = 11), and lean (n = 19) groups. Total and high-molecular-weight Ad, ET-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and von Willebrand factor levels were measured in serum samples. Adipocytes were stimulated with exogenous ET-1 or with sera from lean, OW, and Ob, and Ad production and release measured in the absence or in the presence of ETA (BQ-123) and ETB (BQ-788) receptor blockers, p42/44 MAPK inhibitor PD-98059, or c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase inhibitor SP-600125. Vasodilation to Ad was evaluated in rat isolated arteries in the absence or in the presence of BQ-123/788. RESULTS Total and high-molecular-weight Ad was significantly decreased and ET-1 levels significantly increased in OW (P < .01) and Ob (P < .001) children. A statistically significant linear regression (P < .01) was found between Ad and ET-1. Exposure of adipocytes to exogenous ET-1 or serum from OW and Ob significantly decreased Ad mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001). The inhibitory effect of ET-1 on Ad was reverted by BQ-123/788 or PD-98059 but not SP-600125. Ad-mediated vasodilation was further increased in arteries pretreated with BQ-123/788. CONCLUSIONS ET-1-mediated inhibition of Ad synthesis via p42/44 MAPK signaling may provide a possible explanation for hypoadiponectinemia in pediatric obesity and contribute to the development of cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Nacci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Meijer RI, Bakker W, Alta CLA, Sipkema P, Yudkin JS, Viollet B, Richter EA, Smulders YM, van Hinsbergh VW, Serné EH, Eringa EC. Perivascular adipose tissue control of insulin-induced vasoreactivity in muscle is impaired in db/db mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:590-8. [PMID: 23048187 PMCID: PMC3554353 DOI: 10.2337/db11-1603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Microvascular recruitment in muscle is a determinant of insulin sensitivity. Whether perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is involved in disturbed insulin-induced vasoreactivity is unknown, as are the underlying mechanisms. This study investigates whether PVAT regulates insulin-induced vasodilation in muscle, the underlying mechanisms, and how obesity disturbs this vasodilation. Insulin-induced vasoreactivity of resistance arteries was studied with PVAT from C57BL/6 or db/db mice. PVAT weight in muscle was higher in db/db mice compared with C57BL/6 mice. PVAT from C57BL/6 mice uncovered insulin-induced vasodilation; this vasodilation was abrogated with PVAT from db/db mice. Blocking adiponectin abolished the vasodilator effect of insulin in the presence of C57BL/6 PVAT, and adiponectin secretion was lower in db/db PVAT. To investigate this interaction further, resistance arteries of AMPKα2(+/+) and AMPKα2(-/-) were studied. In AMPKα2(-/-) resistance arteries, insulin caused vasoconstriction in the presence of PVAT, and AMPKα2(+/+) resistance arteries showed a neutral response. On the other hand, inhibition of the inflammatory kinase Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) in db/db PVAT restored insulin-induced vasodilation in an adiponectin-dependent manner. In conclusion, PVAT controls insulin-induced vasoreactivity in the muscle microcirculation through secretion of adiponectin and subsequent AMPKα2 signaling. PVAT from obese mice inhibits insulin-induced vasodilation, which can be restored by inhibition of JNK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rick I. Meijer
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wineke Bakker
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caro-Lynn A.F. Alta
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Sipkema
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John S. Yudkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Cochin Institute, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yvo M. Smulders
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik H. Serné
- Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Etto C. Eringa
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Corresponding author: Etto C. Eringa,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Radiloff DR, Zhao Y, Boico A, Wu C, Shan S, Palmer G, Hamilton K, Irwin D, Hanna G, Piantadosi CA, Schroeder T. The combination of theophylline and endothelin receptor antagonism improves exercise performance of rats under simulated high altitude. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:1243-52. [PMID: 22898548 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01622.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased physical performance is a well-known consequence of rapid ascent to high altitude. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) potentially limits cardiac output and systemic blood flow, thus preventing successful adaptation to rapid ascent. We hypothesized that pharmacological enhancement of the heart rate with theophylline, combined with reversal of HPV via endothelin blockade, could increase exercise performance at high altitude. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with combinations of 1) theophylline, 2) the endothelin receptor antagonists sitaxsentan/ambrisentan, and/or 3) phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil and exposed to either a simulated high altitude (4,267 m) or 12% oxygen. Exercise capacity, peripheral blood flow, hemodynamics, and pulmonary leak were examined. Combination treatment with theophylline and endothelin blockade, but not with the respective single compounds, significantly prolonged run-to-fatigue time under simulated high altitude. No such efficacy was found when theophylline was combined with sildenafil. Neither theophylline nor sitaxsentan or their combination influenced breathing rates and hemoglobin oxygen saturation. Whereas under hypoxia, theophylline significantly increased muscular blood flow, and sitaxsentan increased tissue oxygenation, the combination improved both parameters but in a reduced manner. Under hypoxia, the combination treatment but not the single compounds significantly enhanced pulmonary arterial pressure compared with controls (13.1 ± 6.3 vs. 11.9 ± 5.2 mmHg), whereas mean arterial pressure remained unaffected. Pulmonary wet-to-dry weight ratios were unaffected by combination treatment. We conclude that concomitant dosing with a cardiac stimulant and endothelin antagonist can partially reverse loss of physical performance capacity under hypobaric hypoxia, independent from improving blood oxygen saturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Radiloff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Blunted blood pressure response and elevated plasma adiponectin levels in female Sprague Dawley rats. Am J Hypertens 2012; 25:612-9. [PMID: 22258332 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2011.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premenopausal women have lower blood pressure (BP) levels than men of similar age. Adiponectin has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of various stress stimuli on BP and plasma adiponectin levels in male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS In three experimental models of hypertension, fructose-enriched diet, high salt diet, or L-NAME, were administered for up to 4 weeks. BP, metabolic parameters, and plasma adiponectin were measured at baseline and during the studies. The fructose diet protocol was repeated in female rats for 2 weeks with the addition of testosterone injections or vehicle. RESULTS Females, in contrast to males, did not develop fructose-induced hypertension. Total plasma triglycerides (TGs) were half in females at baseline (P < 0.001) and a third at 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Plasma insulin levels were 23% lower in females than in males at baseline (P < 0.05) and 42% lower after 4 weeks of fructose-enriched diet (P = 0.001). Plasma adiponectin levels were 65% higher in females than in males at baseline (P = 0.001) and 45% higher after 4 weeks of fructose-enriched diet (P < 0.05). Furthermore, female rats showed blunted BP response and elevated plasma adiponectin in the salt-induced and L-NAME-induced hypertension models. Testosterone injection to female rats reduced plasma adiponectin and reversed the blunted BP response. CONCLUSIONS Elevated plasma adiponectin levels, perhaps due to lack of suppression by testosterone, are associated with a blunting of BP response in female compared to male SD rats.
Collapse
|