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Akita T, Morita Y, Kawai T, Oda K, Tange K, Nakai Y, Yamashita C. Am80-Encapsulated Lipid Nanoparticles, Developed with the Aim of Achieving Alveolar Regeneration, Have an Improvement Effect on Pulmonary Emphysema. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010037. [PMID: 36678666 PMCID: PMC9860907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and current drug treatments target its symptoms. Thus, the development of a therapeutic drug to repair alveolar destruction is urgently needed. Our previous research revealed that the synthetic retinoic acid Am80 (1.0 mg/kg) showed a repairing effect on collapsed alveoli in a mouse model of elastase-induced emphysema. However, a further reduction in the dose is desirable to facilitate the development of a powder inhalation formulation for clinical application. We, therefore, focused on SS-OP to deliver Am80 efficiently. As a result, 0.01 mg/kg of Am80-encapsulated SS-OP nanoparticles repaired collapsed alveoli and improved the respiratory function in the mouse model of elastase induced emphysema. The results suggested that, with the use of SS-OP, the Am80 dose could be reduced. This could contribute to the development of a powder inhalation system as a curative medicine for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Akita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Morita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kawai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kota Tange
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City 210-0865, Japan
| | - Yuta Nakai
- DDS Research Laboratory, NOF CORPORATION, 3-3 Chidori-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki City 210-0865, Japan
| | - Chikamasa Yamashita
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-4-7124-1501
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Lysophosphatidylcholine Acyltransferase 1 Deficiency Promotes Pulmonary Emphysema via Apoptosis of Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Inflammation 2022; 45:1765-1779. [PMID: 35338433 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is primarily caused by inhalation of cigarette smoke and is the third leading cause of death worldwide. Pulmonary surfactant, a complex of phospholipids and proteins, plays an essential role in respiration by reducing the surface tension in the alveoli. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 1 (LPCAT1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the biosynthesis of surfactant lipids and is expressed in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. Its dysfunction is suggested to be involved in various lung diseases; however, the relationship between LPCAT1 and COPD remains unclear. To investigate the role of LPCAT1 in the pathology of COPD, we analyzed an elastase-induced emphysema model using Lpcat1 knockout (KO) mice. In Lpcat1 KO mice, elastase-induced emphysema was significantly exacerbated with increased apoptotic cells, which was not ameliorated by supplementation with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, which is a major component of the surfactant synthesized by LPCAT1. We subsequently evaluated the effects of cigarette smoking on primary human type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (hAEC2s) and found that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) downregulated the expression of Lpcat1. Furthermore, RNA sequencing analysis revealed that the apoptosis pathway was significantly enriched in CSE-treated primary hAEC2s. Finally, we downregulated the expression of Lpcat1 using small interfering RNA, which resulted in enhanced CSE-induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Taken together, cigarette smoke-induced downregulation of LPCAT1 can promote the exacerbation of pulmonary emphysema by increasing the susceptibility of alveolar epithelial cells to apoptosis, thereby suggesting that Lpcat1 is a novel therapeutic target for irreversible emphysema.
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Fatma Z, Luis MBJ, Antonio EDLMYZ, Laura SR, Pherraez HT, María GMJ, Ángela RN, Rafik B. An aqueous pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum) protect against Elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in Sprague Dawley rats model. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902020000418972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zioud Fatma
- Universitary Hospital of Gran Canaria, Spain; University of Gabes, Tunisia; National School of Engineering of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Martín-Barrasa Jose Luis
- Universitary Hospital of Gran Canaria, Spain; Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Santana Reyes Laura
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Herráez Thomas Pherraez
- Universitary Institute of Animal Health And Food Safety,Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | | | - Ramos-Nuez Ángela
- Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Instituto De Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Bachoual Rafik
- University of Gabes, Tunisia; National School of Engineering of Sfax, Tunisia
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Zhao YL, Yang ZF, Wu BF, Shang JH, Liu YP, Wang XH, Luo XD. Indole alkaloids from leaves of Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. protect against emphysema in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112949. [PMID: 32387234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. (Apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant in China traditionally used to treat pulmonary diseases, including bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide experimental data supporting clinical adaptation of total indole alkaloids ( TA) from A. scholaris leaves for treating emphysema. MATERIALS AND METHODS An emphysema model was induced by a single intratracheal instillation of porcine pancreatic elastase followed by administration of TA and four main alkaloid components (scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine, vallesamine, and picrinine) for 30 consecutive days. Cytokine levels, histopathological parameters and protein expression in lung tissues were examined. RESULTS Administering the TA, picrinine, scholaricine, 19-epischolaricine and vallesamine for 30 days effectively inhibited inflammatory cell accumulation and invasion in the lung tissue and relieved pulmonary tissue injury. Oxygen saturation was enhanced, and interleukin (IL)-1β, monocyte-chemo attractive peptide 1, IL-11, matrix metalloproteinase-12, transforming growth factor-β and vascular endothelial growth factor levels were significantly reduced, likely by suppressing overactivation of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary fibrosis. The elastin content was markedly elevated, and fibronectin was reduced. Bcl-2 expression was significantly increased, and nuclear factor-κB and β-catenin levels were decreased. CONCLUSIONS TA can be potentially used as an effective novel drug for pulmonary emphysema and exerts its effects through not only inhibiting inflammation of the airway wall and airflow resistance but also promoting lung elastic recoil and protease/anti-protease balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China
| | - Bai-Fen Wu
- Yunnan University of Business Management, Yunnan Province, Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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Malinina A, Dikeman D, Westbrook R, Moats M, Gidner S, Poonyagariyagorn H, Walston J, Neptune ER. IL10 deficiency promotes alveolar enlargement and lymphoid dysmorphogenesis in the aged murine lung. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13130. [PMID: 32170906 PMCID: PMC7189990 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between aging-related immune dysfunction and the lung manifestations of aging is poorly understood. A detailed characterization of the aging IL10-deficient murine lung, a model of accelerated aging and frailty, reconciles features of both immunosenescence and lung aging in a coherent model. Airspace enlargement developed in the middle-aged (12 months old) and aged (20-22 months old) IL10-deficient lung punctuated by an expansion of macrophages and alveolar cell apoptosis. Compared to wild-type (WT) controls, the IL10-deficient lungs from young (4-month-old) mice showed increased oxidative stress which was enhanced in both genotypes by aging. Active caspase 3 staining was increased in the alveolar epithelial cells of aged WT and mutant lungs but was greater in the IL10-deficient milieu. Lung macrophages were increased in the aged IL10-deficient lungs with exuberant expression of MMP12. IL10 treatment of naïve and M2-polarized bone marrow-derived WT macrophages reduced MMP12 expression. Conditioned media studies demonstrated the secretome of aged mutant macrophages harbors reduced AECII prosurvival factors, specifically keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), promotes cell death, and reduces survival of primary alveolar epithelial cells. Compared to WT controls, aged IL10-deficient mice have increased parenchymal lymphoid collections comprised of a reduced number of apoptotic cells and B cells. We establish that IL10 is a key modulator of airspace homeostasis and lymphoid morphogenesis in the aging lung enabling macrophage-mediated alveolar epithelial cell survival and B-cell survival within tertiary lymphoid structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Malinina
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Dustin Dikeman
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Reyhan Westbrook
- Division of Geriatrics Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Michelle Moats
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University Miami FL USA
| | - Sarah Gidner
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | | | - Jeremy Walston
- Division of Geriatrics Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
| | - Enid R. Neptune
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA
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Lan YW, Yang JC, Yen CC, Huang TT, Chen YC, Chen HL, Chong KY, Chen CM. Predifferentiated amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells enhance lung alveolar epithelium regeneration and reverse elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:163. [PMID: 31196196 PMCID: PMC6567664 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1282-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary emphysema is a major component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Emphysema progression attributed not only to alveolar structure loss and pulmonary regeneration impairment, but also to excessive inflammatory response, proteolytic and anti-proteolytic activity imbalance, lung epithelial cells apoptosis, and abnormal lung remodeling. To ameliorate lung damage with higher efficiency in lung tissue engineering and cell therapy, pre-differentiating graft cells into more restricted cell types before transplantation could enhance their ability to anatomically and functionally integrate into damaged lung. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the regenerative and repair ability of lung alveolar epithelium in emphysema model by using lung epithelial progenitors which pre-differentiated from amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (AFMSCs). METHODS Pre-differentiation of eGFP-expressing AFMSCs to lung epithelial progenitor-like cells (LEPLCs) was established under a modified small airway growth media (mSAGM) for 7-day induction. Pre-differentiated AFMSCs were intratracheally injected into porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced emphysema mice at day 14, and then inflammatory-, fibrotic-, and emphysema-related indices and pathological changes were assessed at 6 weeks after PPE administration. RESULTS An optimal LEPLCs pre-differentiation condition has been achieved, which resulted in a yield of approximately 20% lung epithelial progenitors-like cells from AFMSCs in a 7-day period. In PPE-induced emphysema mice, transplantation of LEPLCs significantly improved regeneration of lung tissues through integrating into the lung alveolar structure, relieved airway inflammation, increased expression of growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and reduced matrix metalloproteinases and lung remodeling factors when compared with mice injected with AFMSCs. Histopathologic examination observed a significant amelioration in DNA damage in alveolar cells, detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), the mean linear intercept, and the collagen deposition in the LEPLC-transplanted groups. CONCLUSION Transplantation of predifferentiated AFMSCs through intratracheal injection showed better alveolar regeneration and reverse elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in PPE-induced pulmonary emphysema mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wei Lan
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Jing-Chan Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
- College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Teng Huang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresource, Da-Yeh University, Changhwa, 515 Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 333 Taiwan
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung, 402 Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
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Inflammatory Cellular Response to Mechanical Ventilation in Elastase-Induced Experimental Emphysema: Role of Preexisting Alveolar Macrophages Infiltration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5721293. [PMID: 30662910 PMCID: PMC6313972 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5721293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An excessive pulmonary inflammatory response could explain the poor prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to normal tidal volume mechanical ventilation in an elastase-induced murine model of pulmonary emphysema. In this model, two time points, associated with different levels of lung inflammation but similar lung destruction, were analyzed. C57BL/6 mice received a tracheal instillation of 5 IU of porcine pancreatic elastase (Elastase mice) or the same volume of saline (Saline mice). Fourteen (D14) and 21 (D21) days after instillation, mice were anesthetized, intubated, and either mechanically ventilated (MV) or maintained on spontaneous ventilation (SV) during two hours. As compared with Saline mice, Elastase mice showed a similarly increased mean chord length and pulmonary compliance at D14 and D21, while bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity was comparable between groups. Lung mechanics was similarly altered during mechanical ventilation in Elastase and Saline mice. Activated alveolar macrophages CD11bmid were present in lung parenchyma in both Elastase SV mice and Elastase MV mice at D14 but were absent at D21 and in Saline mice, indicating an inflammatory state with elastase at D14 only. At D14, Elastase MV mice showed a significant increase in percentage of neutrophils in total lung, as compared with Elastase SV mice. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages of Elastase MV mice at D14 overexpressed Gr1, and monocytes showed a trend to overexpression of CD62L, compared with Elastase SV mice. In an elastase-induced model of pulmonary emphysema, normal tidal volume mechanical ventilation may produce an increase in the proportion of pulmonary neutrophils, and an activation of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary monocytes. This response seems to be observed only when the emphysema model shows an underlying inflammation (D14), reflected by the presence of activated alveolar macrophages CD11bmid.
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Yabuki H, Wakao S, Kushida Y, Dezawa M, Okada Y. Human Multilineage-differentiating Stress-Enduring Cells Exert Pleiotropic Effects to Ameliorate Acute Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:979-993. [PMID: 29707971 PMCID: PMC6050908 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718761657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttransplantation lung ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injuries affect both patient survival and graft function. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of infused human multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells, a novel, easily harvested type of nontumorigenic endogenous reparative stem cell, against acute IR lung injury in a rat model. After a 2-h warm IR injury induction in a left rat lung, human Muse cells, human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and vehicle were injected via the left pulmonary artery after reperfusion. Functionality, histological findings, and protein expression were subsequently assessed in the injured lung. In vitro, we also compared human Muse cells with human MSCs in terms of migration abilities and the secretory properties of protective substances. The arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen ratio, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, left lung compliance, and histological injury score on hematoxylin-eosin sections were significantly better in the Muse group relative to the MSC and vehicle groups. Compared to MSCs, human Muse cells homed more efficiently to the injured lung, where they suppressed the apoptosis and stimulated proliferation of host alveolar cells. Human Muse cells also migrated to serum from lung-injured model rats and produced beneficial substances (keratinocyte growth factor [KGF], hepatocyte growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and prostaglandin E2) in vitro. Western blot of lung tissue confirmed high expression of KGF and their target molecules (interleukin-6, protein kinase B, and B-cell lymphoma-2) in the Muse group. Thus, Muse cells efficiently ameliorated lung IR injury via pleiotropic effects in a rat model. These findings support further investigation on the use of human Muse cells for lung IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Yabuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shohei Wakao
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate
School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kushida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate
School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mari Dezawa
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Histology, Tohoku University Graduate
School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer,
Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Muse Cells and Ischemia-Reperfusion Lung Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1103:293-303. [DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-56847-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Oki H, Yazawa T, Baba Y, Kanegae Y, Sato H, Sakamoto S, Goto T, Saito I, Kurahashi K. Adenovirus vector expressing keratinocyte growth factor using CAG promoter impairs pulmonary function of mice with elastase-induced emphysema. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:264-271. [PMID: 28543309 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema impairs quality of life and increases mortality. It has previously been shown that administration of adenovirus vector expressing murine keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) before elastase instillation prevents pulmonary emphysema in mice. We therefore hypothesized that therapeutic administration of KGF would restore damage to lungs caused by elastase instillation and thus improve pulmonary function in an animal model. KGF expressing adenovirus vector, which prevented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a previous study, was constructed. Adenovirus vector (1.0 × 109 plaque-forming units) was administered intratracheally one week after administration of elastase into mouse lungs. One week after administration of KGF-vector, exercise tolerance testing and blood gas analysis were performed, after which the lungs were removed under deep anesthesia. KGF-positive pneumocytes were more numerous, surfactant protein secretion in the airspace greater and mean linear intercept of lungs shorter in animals that had received KGF than in control animals. Unexpectedly, however, arterial blood oxygenation was worse in the KGF group and maximum running speed, an indicator of exercise capacity, had not improved after KGF in mice with elastase-induced emphysema, indicating that KGF-expressing adenovirus vector impaired pulmonary function in these mice. Notably, vector lacking KGF-expression unit did not induce such impairment, implying that the KGF expression unit itself may cause the damage to alveolar cells. Possible involvement of the CAG promoter used for KGF expression in impairing pulmonary function is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Oki
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Yasuko Baba
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Sato
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Seiko Sakamoto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Takahisa Goto
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
| | - Izumu Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoyasu Kurahashi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama
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Kotnala S, Tyagi A, Muyal JP. rHuKGF ameliorates protease/anti-protease imbalance in emphysematous mice. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:124-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Onodera K, Sugiura H, Yamada M, Koarai A, Fujino N, Yanagisawa S, Tanaka R, Numakura T, Togo S, Sato K, Kyogoku Y, Hashimoto Y, Okazaki T, Tamada T, Kobayashi S, Yanai M, Miura M, Hoshikawa Y, Okada Y, Suzuki S, Ichinose M. Decrease in an anti-ageing factor, growth differentiation factor 11, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2017; 72:893-904. [PMID: 28455454 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cellular senescence is observed in the lungs of patients with COPD and may contribute to the disease pathogenesis. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) belongs to the transforming growth factor β superfamily and was recently reported to be a circulating protein that may have rejuvenating effects in mice. We aimed to investigate the amounts of GDF11 in the plasma and the lungs of patients with COPD and elucidate the possible roles of GDF11 in cellular senescence. METHODS The plasma levels of GDF11 were investigated in two separate cohorts by western blotting. The localisation and expression of GDF11 in the lungs were investigated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription PCR, respectively. The effects of GDF11 on both cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced cellular senescence in vitro and on elastase-induced cellular senescence in vivo were investigated. RESULTS The levels of plasma GDF11 in the COPD group were decreased compared with the control groups in the two independent cohorts. The levels of plasma GDF11 were significantly positively correlated with pulmonary function data. The mRNA expression of GDF11 in mesenchymal cells from the COPD group was decreased. Chronic exposure to CSE decreased the production of GDF11. Treatment with GDF11 significantly inhibited CSE-induced cellular senescence and upregulation of inflammatory mediators, partly through Smad2/3 signalling in vitro. Daily GDF11 treatment attenuated cellular senescence and airspace enlargement in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema. CONCLUSIONS The decrease in GDF11 may be involved in the cellular senescence observed in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Onodera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Sugiura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Koarai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoya Fujino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Yanagisawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rie Tanaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadahisa Numakura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Togo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yorihiko Kyogoku
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hashimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Okazaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamada
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Seiichi Kobayashi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Masaru Yanai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hoshikawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Okada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Japan
| | - Masakazu Ichinose
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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13
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A Plant Proteinase Inhibitor from Enterolobium contortisiliquum Attenuates Pulmonary Mechanics, Inflammation and Remodeling Induced by Elastase in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020403. [PMID: 28216579 PMCID: PMC5343937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinase inhibitors have been associated with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and may represent a potential therapeutic treatment for emphysema. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a plant Kunitz proteinase inhibitor, Enterolobium contortisiliquum trypsin inhibitor (EcTI), on several aspects of experimental elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice. C57/Bl6 mice were intratracheally administered elastase (ELA) or saline (SAL) and were treated intraperitoneally with EcTI (ELA-EcTI, SAL-EcTI) on days 1, 14 and 21. On day 28, pulmonary mechanics, exhaled nitric oxide (ENO) and number leucocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated. Subsequently, lung immunohistochemical staining was submitted to morphometry. EcTI treatment reduced responses of the mechanical respiratory system, number of cells in the BALF, and reduced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP-1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-positive cells and volume proportion of isoprostane, collagen and elastic fibers in the airways and alveolar walls compared with the ELA group. EcTI treatment reduced elastase induced pulmonary inflammation, remodeling, oxidative stress and mechanical alterations, suggesting that this inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic tool for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management.
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14
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Kotnala S, Baghel S, Verma D, Tyagi A, Muyal JP. Recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor attenuates apoptosis in elastase induced emphysematous mice lungs. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:23-31. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1272653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kotnala
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sumit Baghel
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Deepali Verma
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Amit Tyagi
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied sciences, Defence Research Development Organization, New Delhi, India
| | - Jai Prakash Muyal
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India
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15
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El Agha E, Seeger W, Bellusci S. Therapeutic and pathological roles of fibroblast growth factors in pulmonary diseases. Dev Dyn 2016; 246:235-244. [PMID: 27783451 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) constitute a large family of polypeptides that are involved in many biological processes, ranging from prenatal cell-fate specification and organogenesis to hormonal and metabolic regulation in postnatal life. During embryonic development, these growth factors are important mediators of the crosstalk among ectoderm-, mesoderm-, and endoderm-derived cells, and they instruct the spatial and temporal growth of organs and tissues such as the brain, bone, lung, gut, and others. The involvement of FGFs in postnatal lung homeostasis is a growing field, and there is emerging literature about their roles in lung pathophysiology. In this review, the involvement of FGF signaling in a wide array of lung diseases will be summarized. Developmental Dynamics 246:235-244, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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16
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The Plant-Derived Bauhinia bauhinioides Kallikrein Proteinase Inhibitor (rBbKI) Attenuates Elastase-Induced Emphysema in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5346574. [PMID: 27528793 PMCID: PMC4978849 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5346574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Elastase mediates important oxidative actions during the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few resources for the inhibition of elastase have been investigated. Our study evaluated the ability of the recombinant plant derived Bauhinia bauhinioides Kallikrein proteinase Inhibitor (rBbKI) to modulate elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation. Methods. C57Bl/6 mice were given intratracheal elastase (ELA group) or saline (SAL group) and were treated intraperitoneally with rBbKI (ELA-rBbKI and SAL-rBbKI groups). At day 28, the following analyses were performed: (I) lung mechanics, (II) exhaled nitric oxide (ENO), (III) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and (IV) lung immunohistochemical staining. Results. In addition to decreasing mechanical alterations and alveolar septum disruption, rBbKI reduced the number of cells in the BALF and decreased the cellular expression of TNF-α, MMP-9, MMP-12, TIMP-1, eNOS, and iNOS in airways and alveolar walls compared with the ELA group. rBbKI decreased the volume proportion of 8-iso-PGF2α, collagen, and elastic fibers in the airways and alveolar walls compared with the ELA group. A reduction in the number of MUC-5-positive cells in the airway walls was also observed. Conclusion. rBbKI reduced elastase-induced pulmonary inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling. rBbKI may be a potential pharmacological tool for COPD treatment.
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17
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Boucherat O, Morissette MC, Provencher S, Bonnet S, Maltais F. Bridging Lung Development with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Relevance of Developmental Pathways in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:362-75. [PMID: 26681127 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201508-1518pp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic airflow limitation. This generic term encompasses emphysema and chronic bronchitis, two common conditions, each having distinct but also overlapping features. Recent epidemiological and experimental studies have challenged the traditional view that COPD is exclusively an adult disease occurring after years of inhalational insults to the lungs, pinpointing abnormalities or disruption of the pathways that control lung development as an important susceptibility factor for adult COPD. In addition, there is growing evidence that emphysema is not solely a destructive process because it is also characterized by a failure in cell and molecular maintenance programs necessary for proper lung development. This leads to the concept that tissue regeneration required stimulation of signaling pathways that normally operate during development. We undertook a review of the literature to outline the contribution of developmental insults and genes in the occurrence and pathogenesis of COPD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu C Morissette
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Steeve Provencher
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - François Maltais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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18
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Chrusciel S, Zysman M, Caramelle P, Tiendrebeogo A, Baskara I, Le Gouvello S, Chabot F, Giraudier S, Boczkowski J, Boyer L. Lack of Transcription Factor p53 Exacerbates Elastase-Induced Emphysema in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:188-99. [PMID: 26106979 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0375oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is overexpressed in the lung of patients with emphysema, but it remains unclear if it has a deleterious or protective effect in disease progression. We investigated the role of p53 in the elastase-induced emphysema model and the molecular underlining mechanisms. Wild-type (WT) and p53(-/-) mice were instilled with pancreatic porcine elastase. We quantified emphysema (morphometric analysis), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (ELISA), oxidative stress markers [heme oxygenase 1 (HO1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), and quantitative RT-PCR], matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12) expression, and macrophage apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, immunofluorescence). p53 gene expression was up-regulated in the lung of elastase-instilled mice. p53 deletion aggravated elastase-induced emphysema severity, pulmonary inflammation (macrophage and neutrophil numbers and CCL2 and TNF-α levels in BAL), and lung oxidative stress. These findings, except for the increase in CCL2, were reproduced in WT mice transplanted with p53(-/-) bone marrow cells. The increased number of macrophages in p53(-/-) mice was not a consequence of reduced apoptosis or an excess of chemotaxis toward CCL2. Macrophage expression of MMP12 was higher in p53(-/-) mice compared with WT mice after elastase instillation. These findings provide evidence that p53(-/-) mice and WT mice grafted with p53(-/-) bone marrow cells are more prone to developing elastase-induced emphysema, supporting a protective role of p53, and more precisely p53 expressed in macrophages, against emphysema development. The pivotal role played by macrophages in this phenomenon may involve the MMP12-TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Chrusciel
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,2 Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
| | - Maéva Zysman
- 3 Département de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux de Brabois and.,4 Equipe d'accueil 7298 INGRES, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.,5 Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Caramelle
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,2 Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
| | - Arnaud Tiendrebeogo
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,2 Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
| | - Indoumady Baskara
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,2 Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France
| | - Sabine Le Gouvello
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,2 Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France.,6 Service d'Immunologie Biologique
| | - François Chabot
- 3 Département de Pneumologie, Hôpitaux de Brabois and.,4 Equipe d'accueil 7298 INGRES, CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.,5 Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Giraudier
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,7 Service d'Hématologie Biologique, and
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,2 Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France.,8 Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Service de Pneumologie et Pathologie Professionnelle, Créteil, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- 1 Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, UMR S955, Créteil, France.,2 Inserm U955, Equipe 04, Créteil, France.,9 Service de Physiologie Explorations Fonctionnelles, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DHU A-TVB, Créteil, France; and
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19
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Sellami M, Meghraoui-Kheddar A, Terryn C, Fichel C, Bouland N, Diebold MD, Guenounou M, Héry-Huynh S, Le Naour R. Induction and regulation of murine emphysema by elastin peptides. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L8-23. [PMID: 26519205 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00068.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is the major component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). During emphysema, elastin breakdown in the lung tissue originates from the release of large amounts of elastase by inflammatory cells. Elevated levels of elastin-derived peptides (EP) reflect massive pulmonary elastin breakdown in COPD patients. Only the EP containing the GXXPG conformational motif with a type VIII β-turn are elastin receptor ligands inducing biological activities. In addition, the COOH-terminal glycine residue of the GXXPG motif seems a prerequisite to the biological activity. In this study, we endotracheally instilled C57BL/6J mice with GXXPG EP and/or COOH-terminal glycine deleted-EP whose sequences were designed by molecular dynamics and docking simulations. We investigated their effect on all criteria associated with the progression of murine emphysema. Bronchoalveolar lavages were recovered to analyze cell profiles by flow cytometry and lungs were prepared to allow morphological and histological analysis by immunostaining and confocal microscopy. We observed that exposure of mice to EP elicited hallmark features of emphysema with inflammatory cell accumulation associated with increased matrix metalloproteinases and desmosine expression and of remodeling of parenchymal tissue. We also identified an inactive COOH-terminal glycine deleted-EP that retains its binding-activity to EBP and that is able to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo activities of emphysema-inducing EP. This study demonstrates that EP are key actors in the development of emphysema and that they represent pharmacological targets for an alternative treatment of emphysema based on the identification of EP analogous antagonists by molecular modeling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sellami
- EA4683, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Christine Terryn
- Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire, SFR CAP-Santé, URCA, Reims, France; and
| | - Caroline Fichel
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU R. Debré, Reims, France
| | - Nicole Bouland
- Laboratoire d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, CHU R. Debré, Reims, France
| | | | - Moncef Guenounou
- EA4683, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Richard Le Naour
- EA4683, SFR CAP-Santé, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France;
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20
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El Agha E, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Bellusci S. Role of fibroblast growth factors in organ regeneration and repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 53:76-84. [PMID: 26459973 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In its broad sense, regeneration refers to the renewal of lost cells, tissues or organs as part of the normal life cycle (skin, hair, endometrium etc.) or as part of an adaptive mechanism that organisms have developed throughout evolution. For example, worms, starfish and amphibians have developed remarkable regenerative capabilities allowing them to voluntarily shed body parts, in a process called autotomy, only to replace the lost parts afterwards. The bizarre myth of the fireproof homicidal salamander that can survive fire and poison apple trees has persisted until the 20th century. Salamanders possess one of the most robust regenerative machineries in vertebrates and attempting to draw lessons from limb regeneration in these animals and extrapolate the knowledge to mammals is a never-ending endeavor. Fibroblast growth factors are potent morphogens and mitogens that are highly conserved among the animal kingdom. These growth factors play key roles in organogenesis during embryonic development as well as homeostatic balance during postnatal life. In this review, we provide a summary about the current knowledge regarding the involvement of fibroblast growth factor signaling in organ regeneration and repair. We also shed light on the use of these growth factors in previous and current clinical trials in a wide array of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Djuro Kosanovic
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Hessen, Germany; Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia.
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21
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Prakash Muyal J, Kumar D, Kotnala S, Muyal V, Tyagi AK. Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Induces Akt Mediated Cell Survival Progression in Emphysematous Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arbr.2015.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Tobinaga S, Matsumoto K, Nagayasu T, Furukawa K, Abo T, Yamasaki N, Tsuchiya T, Miyazaki T, Koji T. Keratinocyte Growth Factor Gene Electroporation into Skeletal Muscle as a Novel Gene Therapeutic Approach for Elastase-Induced Pulmonary Emphysema in Mice. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2015; 48:83-94. [PMID: 26160987 PMCID: PMC4491498 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.15004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a progressive disease with airspace destruction and an effective therapy is needed. Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) promotes pulmonary epithelial proliferation and has the potential to induce lung regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of using KGF gene therapy for treatment of a mouse emphysema model induced by porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Eight-week-old BALB/c male mice treated with intra-tracheal PPE administration were transfected with 80 μg of a recombinant human KGF (rhKGF)-expressing FLAG-CMV14 plasmid (pKGF-FLAG gene), or with the pFLAG gene expressing plasmid as a control, into the quadriceps muscle by electroporation. In the lung, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was augmented, and surfactant protein A (SP-A) and KGF receptor (KGFR) were co-expressed in PCNA-positive cells. Moreover, endogenous KGF and KGFR gene expression increased significantly by pKGF-FLAG gene transfection. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed that the PaO2 level was not significantly reduced on day 14 after PPE instillation with pKGF-FLAG gene transfection compared to that of normal mice. These results indicated that KGF gene therapy with electroporation stimulated lung epithelial proliferation and protected depression of pulmonary function in a mouse emphysema model, suggesting a possible method of treating pulmonary emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Tobinaga
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Keitaro Matsumoto
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Katsuro Furukawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takafumi Abo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Naoya Yamasaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takuro Miyazaki
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
| | - Takehiko Koji
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
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23
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Fujita M. New therapies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung regeneration. World J Respirol 2015; 5:34-39. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v5.i1.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the presence of airflow limitations that are not fully reversible and is a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although there has been extensive research examining the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of COPD, there is no proven clinically effective treatment for promoting recovery from established COPD. At present, regeneration is the only hope for a cure in patients with COPD. In this article, we review current treatments for COPD, focusing particularly on recent advances in lung regeneration based on two major approaches: regeneration-promoting agents and cell therapy. Retinoic acids are the major focus among regeneration-promoting agents, while mesenchymal stem cells are the main topic in the field of cell-based therapy. This article aims to provide valuable information for developing new therapies for COPD.
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24
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Moreno JA, Ortega-Gomez A, Rubio-Navarro A, Louedec L, Ho-Tin-Noé B, Caligiuri G, Nicoletti A, Levoye A, Plantier L, Meilhac O. High-density lipoproteins potentiate α1-antitrypsin therapy in elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 51:536-49. [PMID: 24787644 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0103oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies report that high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) can carry α1-antitrypsin (AAT; an elastase inhibitor). We aimed to determine whether injection of exogenous HDL, enriched or not in AAT, may have protective effects against pulmonary emphysema. After tracheal instillation of saline or elastase, mice were randomly treated intravenously with saline, human plasma HDL (75 mg apolipoprotein A1/kg), HDL-AAT (75 mg apolipoprotein A1-3.75 mg AAT/kg), or AAT alone (3.75 mg/kg) at 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours. We have shown that HDL-AAT reached the lung and prevented the development of pulmonary emphysema by 59.3% at 3 weeks (alveoli mean chord length, 22.9 ± 2.8 μm versus 30.7 ± 4.5 μm; P < 0.001), whereas injection of HDL or AAT alone only showed a moderate, nonsignificant protective effect (28.2 ± 4.2 μm versus 30.7 ± 5 μm [P = 0.23] and 27.3 ± 5.66 μm versus 30.71 ± 4.96 μm [P = 0.18], respectively). Indeed, protection by HDL-AAT was significantly higher than that observed with HDL or AAT (P = 0.006 and P = 0.048, respectively). This protective effect was associated (at 6, 24, and 72 h) with: (1) a reduction in neutrophil and macrophage number in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; (2) decreased concentrations of IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and TNF-α in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma; (3) a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activities; and (4) a reduction in the degradation of fibronectin, a marker of tissue damage. In addition, HDL-AAT reduced acute cigarette smoke-induced inflammatory response. Intravenous HDL-AAT treatment afforded a better protection against elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema than AAT alone, and may represent a significant development for the management of emphysema associated with AAT deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Antonio Moreno
- 1 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR)1148, DHU FIRE (Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis, Inflammation, REmodeling in cardiovascular, respiratory and renal diseases), Paris, France
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Girón-Martínez Á, Pérez-Rial S, Terrón-Expósito R, Díaz-Gil JJ, González-Mangado N, Peces-Barba G. Proliferative activity of liver growth factor is associated with an improvement of cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112995. [PMID: 25401951 PMCID: PMC4234533 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema is a major component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD treatment is based on the administration of bronchodilators and corticosteroids to control symptoms and exacerbations, however, to date, there are no effective therapies to reverse disease progression. Liver growth factor (LGF) is an albumin-bilirubin complex with mitogenic properties, whose therapeutic effects have previously been reported in a model of emphysema and several rodent models of human disease. To approach the therapeutic effect of LGF in a model of previously established emphysema, morphometric and lung function parameters, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and the expression of several markers, such as VEGF, PCNA, 3NT and Nrf2, were assessed in air-exposed and CS-exposed C57BL/6J male mice with and without intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of LGF. CS-exposed mice presented a significant enlargement of alveolar spaces, higher alveolar internal area and loss of lung function that correlated with higher MMP activity, higher expression of 3NT and lower expression of VEGF. CS-exposed mice injected with LGF, showed an amelioration of emphysema and improved lung function, which correlated with lower MMP activity and 3NT expression and higher levels of VEGF, PCNA and Nrf2. Taken together, this study suggests that LGF administration ameliorates CS-induced emphysema, highlights the ability of LGF to promote alveolar cell proliferation and may be a promising strategy to revert COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Girón-Martínez
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz - CIBERES, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-CIBERES-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra Pérez-Rial
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz - CIBERES, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-CIBERES-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Terrón-Expósito
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz - CIBERES, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-CIBERES-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Díaz-Gil
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz - CIBERES, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-CIBERES-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás González-Mangado
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz - CIBERES, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-CIBERES-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Germán Peces-Barba
- Respiratory Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Fundación Jiménez Díaz - CIBERES, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD-CIBERES-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Muyal JP, Kotnala S, Bhardwaj H, Tyagi A. Effect of recombinant human keratinocyte growth factor in inducing Ras-Raf-Erk pathway-mediated cell proliferation in emphysematous mice lung. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:761-71. [PMID: 25296878 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.957426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pulmonary emphysema is resulted due to destruction of the structure of the alveoli. Recently, exogenous recombinant human Keratinocyte growth factor (rHuKGF) has been reported to induce the regeneration of gas exchange structures. However, the molecular mechanisms governing this process are so far unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rHuKGF in the lungs of emphysema-challenged mice on Ras-Raf-Erk (Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase) mediated signaling pathway that regulates alveolar epithelial cell proliferation. METHODS Three experimental groups (i.e. emphysema, therapy and control group) were prepared. Lungs of mice were therapeutically treated at three occasions by oropharyngeal instillation of 10 mg rHuKGF per kg body weight after induction of emphysema by porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE). Subsequently, lung tissues from each mouse were collected for histopathology and molecular biology studies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Histopathology photomicrographs and Destructive Index analysis have shown that elastase induced airspace enlargement and loss of alveoli were recovered in therapy group. Moreover, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) at mRNA and protein expression level was markedly increased in therapy group than emphysema group. Upon validation at mRNA level, expressions of FGF-7, FGF-R, Ras, c-Raf, Erk-1, Erk-2, c-Myc and were significantly increased, whereas Elk-1 was notably decreased in therapy group when compared with emphysema group and were well comparable with the control group. CONCLUSION Therapeutic supplementation of rHuKGF rectifies the deregulated Ras-Raf-Erk pathway in emphysema condition, resulting in alveolar epithelium regeneration. Hence, rHuKGF may prove to be a potential drug in the treatment of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Muyal
- School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University , Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh , India and
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Prakash Muyal J, Kumar D, Kotnala S, Muyal V, Kumar Tyagi A. Recombinant Human Keratinocyte Growth Factor Induces Akt Mediated Cell Survival Progression in Emphysematous Mice. Arch Bronconeumol 2014; 51:328-37. [PMID: 25017817 DOI: 10.1016/j.arbres.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emphysema has been associated with decreased VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression and the presence of high numbers of apoptotic alveolar cells. Keratinocyte growth factor stimulates VEGF synthesis which in turn confers normal lung structure maintenance via the Akt pathway. In this study the potential role of rHuKGF in the improvement of deregulated Akt mediated cell survival pathway in emphysematous mice was investigated. METHODS Three experimental groups, i.e., emphysema, treatment and control groups, were prepared. Lungs of mice were treated on 3 occasions by oropharyngeal instillation of 10mg rHuKGF per kg body weight after induction of emphysema with porcine pancreatic elastase. Subsequently, lung tissues from mice were collected for histopathology and molecular biology studies. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Histopathology photomicrographs and destructive index analysis have shown that elastase-induced airspace enlargement and loss of alveoli recovered in the treatment group. rHuKGF stimulates VEGF production which in turn induces the Akt mediated cell survival pathway in emphysematous lungs. mRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR, PI3K and Akt was significantly increased while Pten, Caspase-9 and Bad was notably decreased in treatment group when compared with emphysema group, being comparable with the control group. Moreover, VEGF protein expression was in accordance with that found for mRNA. CONCLUSION Therapeutic rHuKGF supplementation improves the deregulated Akt pathway in emphysema, resulting in alveolar cell survival through activation of the endogenous VEGF-dependent cell survival pathway. Hence rHuKGF may prove to be a potential drug in the treatment of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Muyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Kotnala
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Muyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Alemania; 14/Type V, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Kumar Tyagi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defense Research Development Organization, Nueva Delhi, India
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Finch PW, Mark Cross LJ, McAuley DF, Farrell CL. Palifermin for the protection and regeneration of epithelial tissues following injury: new findings in basic research and pre-clinical models. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 17:1065-87. [PMID: 24151975 PMCID: PMC4118166 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a paracrine-acting epithelial mitogen produced by cells of mesenchymal origin, that plays an important role in protecting and repairing epithelial tissues. Pre-clinical data initially demonstrated that a recombinant truncated KGF (palifermin) could reduce gastrointestinal injury and mortality resulting from a variety of toxic exposures. Furthermore, the use of palifermin in patients with hematological malignancies reduced the incidence and duration of severe oral mucositis experienced after intensive chemoradiotherapy. Based upon these findings, as well as the observation that KGF receptors are expressed in many, if not all, epithelial tissues, pre-clinical studies have been conducted to determine the efficacy of palifermin in protecting different epithelial tissues from toxic injury in an attempt to model various clinical situations in which it might prove to be of benefit in limiting tissue damage. In this article, we review these studies to provide the pre-clinical background for clinical trials that are described in the accompanying article and the rationale for additional clinical applications of palifermin.
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Ceramides: a potential therapeutic target in pulmonary emphysema. Respir Res 2013; 14:96. [PMID: 24083966 PMCID: PMC3851206 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this manuscript was to characterize airway ceramide profiles in a rodent model of elastase-induced emphysema and to examine the effect of pharmacological intervention directed towards ceramide metabolism. Methods Adult mice were anesthetized and treated with an intratracheal instillation of elastase. Lung function was measured, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid collected and histological and morphometrical analysis of lung tissue performed within 3 weeks after elastase injection, with and without sphingomyelinase inhibitors or serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor. Ceramides in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry. Results BAL fluid showed a transient increase in total protein and IgM, and activated macrophages and neutrophils. Ceramides were transiently upregulated at day 2 after elastase treatment. Histology showed persistent patchy alveolar destruction at day 2 after elastase installation. Acid and neutral sphingomyelinase inhibitors had no effect on BAL ceramide levels, lung function or histology. Addition of a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor ameliorated lung function changes and reduced ceramides in BAL. Conclusions Ceramides were increased during the acute inflammatory phase of elastase-induced lung injury. Since addition of a serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor diminished the rise in ceramides and ameliorated lung function, ceramides likely contributed to the early phase of alveolar destruction and are a potential therapeutic target in the elastase model of lung emphysema.
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Craig JM, Scott AL, Mitzner W. Elastase-coupled beads as a tool for characterizing localized alveolar tissue destruction associated with the onset of emphysema. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:1637-44. [PMID: 23558388 PMCID: PMC3680828 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00026.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratracheal elastase challenge of laboratory animals has long been established as a model for observing the physiological and morphological changes that result from alveolar destruction, the hallmark of emphysema. However, instillation of elastase suspended in buffer results in widespread inflammation and variable emphysematous lesions, which has made the identification of specific cellular and molecular events associated with the onset of emphysema difficult to define. Here we establish a bead-based elastase delivery system that induces localized tissue destruction, a key event in the initiation of emphysema. Elastase was coupled to bisacrylamide beads, which were shown to retain enzymatic activity prior to intratracheal administration in mice. C57BL/6 mice were given a single dose of 40,000 beads, which became distributed throughout the small airways and parenchyma of the lung. Elastase-coupled beads resulted in a quantifiable loss of alveolar tissue immediately surrounding the beads, an effect that was not observed with beads that lacked protein altogether or with beads containing elastase inactivated by an irreversible inhibitor. Furthermore, beads bound with active elastase elicited local recruitment of mononuclear cells, including macrophages, and polymorphonuclear neutrophils to the site of bead deposition, a feature consistent with the cellular infiltration observed following conventional solubilized elastase challenges. This work identifies a novel bead-based enzyme delivery system that also extends the elastase model of emphysema to permit the characterization of mechanisms that drive alveolar surface area loss following elastin degradation in focal emphysematous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Craig
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - A. L. Scott
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; and
| | - W. Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Muyal JP, Muyal V, Kotnala S, Kumar D, Bhardwaj H. Therapeutic potential of growth factors in pulmonary emphysematous condition. Lung 2012; 191:147-63. [PMID: 23161370 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-012-9438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema is a major manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is characterized by progressive destruction of alveolar parenchyma with persistent inflammation of the small airways. Such destruction in the distal respiratory tract is irreversible and irreparable. All-trans-retinoic acid was suggested as a novel therapy for regeneration of lost alveoli in emphysema. However, profound discrepancies were evident between studies. At present, no effective therapeutic options are available that allow for the regeneration of lost alveoli in emphysematous human lungs. Recently, some reports on rodent's models have suggested the beneficial effects of various growth factors toward alveolar maintenance and repair processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Prakash Muyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, 201308, India.
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Yoshida S, Minematsu N, Chubachi S, Nakamura H, Miyazaki M, Tsuduki K, Takahashi S, Miyasho T, Iwabuchi T, Takamiya R, Tateno H, Mouded M, Shapiro SD, Asano K, Betsuyaku T. Annexin V decreases PS-mediated macrophage efferocytosis and deteriorates elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L852-60. [PMID: 22962014 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00066.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Efferocytosis is believed to be a key regulator for lung inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this study we pharmacologically inhibited efferocytosis with annexin V and attempted to determine its impact on the progression of pulmonary emphysema in mouse. We first demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efferocytosis experiments using annexin V, an inhibitor for phosphatidylserine-mediated efferocytosis. We then inhibited efferocytosis in porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-treated mice. PPE-treated mice were instilled annexin V intranasally starting from day 8 until day 20. Mean linear intercept (Lm) was measured, and cell apoptosis was assessed in lung specimen obtained on day 21. Cell profile, apoptosis, and mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and growth factors were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells on day 15. Annexin V attenuated macrophage efferocytosis both in vitro and in vivo. PPE-treated mice had a significant higher Lm, and annexin V further increased that by 32%. More number of macrophages was found in BAL fluid in this group. Interestingly, cell apoptosis was not increased by annexin V treatment both in lung specimens and BAL fluid, but macrophages from mice treated with both PPE and annexin V expressed higher MMP-2 mRNA levels and had a trend for higher MMP-12 mRNA expression. mRNA expression of keratinocyte growth factor tended to be downregulated. We showed that inhibited efferocytosis with annexin V worsened elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in mice, which was, at least partly, attributed to a lack of phenotypic change in macrophages toward anti-inflammatory one.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- Dept. of Pulmonary Medicine, Keio Univ. School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Roulet A, Armand L, Dagouassat M, Rogerieux F, Simon-Deckers A, Belade E, Van Nhieu JT, Lanone S, Pairon JC, Lacroix G, Boczkowski J. Intratracheally administered titanium dioxide or carbon black nanoparticles do not aggravate elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema in rats. BMC Pulm Med 2012; 12:38. [PMID: 22849372 PMCID: PMC3499434 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon black (CB) nanoparticles (NPs) have biological effects that could aggravate pulmonary emphysema. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether pulmonary administration of TiO2 or CB NPs in rats could induce and/or aggravate elastase-induced emphysema, and to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods On day 1, Sprague-Dawley rats were intratracheally instilled with 25 U kg−1 pancreatic porcine elastase or saline. On day 7, they received an intratracheal instillation of TiO2 or CB (at 100 and 500 μg) dispersed in bovine serum albumin or bovine serum albumin alone. Animals were sacrificed at days 8 or 21, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity, histological analysis of inflammation and emphysema, and lung mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), macrophage inflammatory protein-2, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-1, and -12 were measured. In addition, pulmonary MMP-12 expression was also analyzed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry. Results TiO2 NPs per se did not modify the parameters investigated, but CB NPs increased perivascular/peribronchial infiltration, and macrophage MMP-12 expression, without inducing emphysema. Elastase administration increased BAL cellularity, histological inflammation, HO-1, IL-1β and macrophage MMP-12 expression and induced emphysema. Exposure to TiO2 NPs did not modify pulmonary responses to elastase, but exposure to CB NPs aggravated elastase-induced histological inflammation without aggravating emphysema. Conclusions TiO2 and CB NPs did not aggravate elastase-induced emphysema. However, CB NPs induced histological inflammation and MMP-12 mRNA and protein expression in macrophages.
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Tanaka KI, Sato K, Aoshiba K, Azuma A, Mizushima T. Superiority of PC-SOD to other anti-COPD drugs for elastase-induced emphysema and alteration in lung mechanics and respiratory function in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L1250-61. [PMID: 22505669 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00019.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchodilators (such as ipratropium bromide), steroids (such as fluticasone propionate), and newly developed anti-inflammatory drugs (such as roflumilast) are used for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We recently reported that lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) confers a protective effect in mouse models of COPD. We here examined the therapeutic effect of the combined administration of PC-SOD with ipratropium bromide on pulmonary emphysema and compared the effect of PC-SOD to other types of drugs. The severity of emphysema in mice was assessed by various criteria. Lung mechanics (elastance) and respiratory function (ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first 0.05 s to forced vital capacity) were assessed. Administration of PC-SOD by inhalation suppressed elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, and respiratory dysfunction. The concomitant intratracheal administration of ipratropium bromide did not alter the ameliorating effects of PC-SOD. Administration of ipratropium bromide, fluticasone propionate, or roflumilast alone did not suppress the elastase-induced increase in the pulmonary level of superoxide anion, pulmonary inflammatory response, pulmonary emphysema, alteration of lung mechanics, or respiratory dysfunction as effectively as did PC-SOD. PC-SOD, but not the other drugs, showed a therapeutic effect even when the drug was administered after the development of emphysema. PC-SOD also suppressed the cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary inflammatory response and increase in airway resistance. Based on these results, we consider that the inhalation of PC-SOD would be therapeutically beneficial for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Tanaka
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio Univ., 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
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Zurek M, Boyer L, Caramelle P, Boczkowski J, Crémillieux Y. Longitudinal and noninvasive assessment of emphysema evolution in a murine model using proton MRI. Magn Reson Med 2011; 68:898-904. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.23281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Huh JW, Kim SY, Lee JH, Lee JS, Van Ta Q, Kim M, Oh YM, Lee YS, Lee SD. Bone marrow cells repair cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L255-66. [PMID: 21622846 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00253.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of stem cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is not well known although stem cell therapy is effective in models of other pulmonary diseases. We tested the capacities of bone marrow cells (BMCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and conditioned media of MSCs (MSC-CM) to repair cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Inbred female Lewis rats were exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 mo and then received BMCs, MSCs, or MSC-CM from male Lewis rats. For 2 mo after injection, the BMC treatment gradually alleviated the cigarette smoke-induced emphysema and restored the increased mean linear intercept. The BMC treatment significantly increased cell proliferation and the number of small pulmonary vessels, reduced apoptotic cell death, attenuated the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, and inhibited muscularization in small pulmonary vessels. However, only a few male donor cells were detected from 1 day to 1 mo after BMC administration. The MSCs and cell-free MSC-CM also induced the repair of emphysema and increased the number of small pulmonary vessels. Our data show that BMC, MSCs, and MSC-CM treatment repaired cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. The repair activity of these treatments is consistent with a paracrine effect rather than stem cell engraftment because most of the donor cells disappeared and because cell-free MSC-CM also induced the repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Won Huh
- Dept. of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan Univ. School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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Hind M, Maden M. Is a regenerative approach viable for the treatment of COPD? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:106-15. [PMID: 21265829 PMCID: PMC3085872 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01246.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common with huge worldwide morbidity. Anti-inflammatory drug development strategies have proved disappointing and current treatment is aimed at symptomatic relief. Only lung transplantation with all its attendant difficulties offers hope of cure and the outlook for affected patients is bleak. Lung regeneration therapies aim to reverse the structural and functional deficits in COPD either by delivery of exogenous lung cells to replace lost tissue, delivery of exogenous stem cells to induce a local paracrine effect probably through an anti-inflammatory action or by the administration of small molecules to stimulate the endogenous regenerative ability of lung cells. In animal models of emphysema and disrupted alveolar development each of these strategies has shown some success but there are potential tumour-inducing dangers with a cellular approach. Small molecules such as all-trans retinoic acid have been successful in animal models although the mechanism is not completely understood. There are currently two Pharma-sponsored trials in progress concerning patients with COPD, one of a specific retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist and another using mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hind
- Royal Brompton Hospital, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.
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Molecular basis of lung tissue regeneration. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2011; 59:231-44. [PMID: 21484549 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-010-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have expanded our understanding of lung endogenous stem cells, and this knowledge provides us with new ideas for future regenerative therapy for lung diseases. In studies using animal models for lung regeneration, compensatory lung growth, and lung repair, promising reagents for lung regeneration have been discovered. Stem or progenitor cells are needed for alveolar regeneration, lung growth, and lung repair after injury. Endogenous progenitor cells mainly participate in alveologenesis. However, human lung endogenous progenitor cells have not yet been clearly defined. Recently discovered human alveolar epithelial progenitor cells may give us a new perspective for understanding the pathogenesis of lung diseases. In parallel with such basic research, projects geared toward clinical application are proceeding. Cell therapy using mesenchymal stem cells to treat acute lung injury is one of the promising areas for this research. The creation of bioartificial lungs, which are based on decellularized lungs, is another interesting approach for future clinical applications. Although lungs are the most challenging organ for regenerative medicine, our cumulative knowledge of lung regeneration and of endogenous progenitor cells makes clear the possibilities and limitations of regenerative medicine for lung diseases.
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in combination with superoxide produces peroxynitrites and induces protein nitration, which participates in a number of chronic degenerative diseases. NO is produced at high levels in the human emphysematous lung, but its role in this disease is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether the NO synthases contribute to the development of elastase-induced emphysema in mice. nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS were quantified and immunolocalized in the lung after a tracheal instillation of elastase in mice. To determine whether eNOS or iNOS had a role in the development of emphysema, mice bearing a germline deletion of the eNOS and iNOS genes and mice treated with a pharmacological iNOS inhibitor were exposed to elastase. Protein nitration was determined by immunofluorescence, protein oxidation was determined by ELISA. Inflammation and MMP activity were quantified by cell counts, RT-PCR and zymography in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cell proliferation was determined by Ki67 immunostaining. Emphysema was quantified morphometrically. iNOS and eNOS were diffusely upregulated in the lung of elastase-treated mice and a 12-fold increase in the number of 3-nitrotyrosine-expressing cells was observed. Over 80% of these cells were alveolar type 2 cells. In elastase-instilled mice, iNOS inactivation reduced protein nitration and increased protein oxidation but had no effect on inflammation, MMP activity, cell proliferation or the subsequent development of emphysema. eNOS inactivation had no effect. In conclusion, in the elastase-injured lung, iNOS mediates protein nitration in alveolar type 2 cells and alleviates oxidative injury. Neither eNOS nor iNOS are required for the development of elastase-induced emphysema.
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Tabet L, Bussy C, Setyan A, Simon-Deckers A, Rossi MJ, Boczkowski J, Lanone S. Coating carbon nanotubes with a polystyrene-based polymer protects against pulmonary toxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2011; 8:3. [PMID: 21255417 PMCID: PMC3030506 DOI: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND carbon nanotubes (CNT) can have adverse effects on health. Therefore, minimizing the risk associated with CNT exposure is of crucial importance. The aim of this work was to evaluate if coating multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) with polymers could modify their toxicity, thus representing a useful strategy to decrease adverse health effects of CNT. We used industrially-produced MWCNT uncoated (NT1) or coated (50/50 wt%) with acid-based (NT2) or polystyrene-based (NT3) polymer, and exposed murine macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line) or Balb/c mice by intratracheal administration. Biological experiments were performed both in vitro and in vivo, examining time- and dose-dependent effects of CNT, in terms of cytotoxicity, expression of genes and proteins related to oxidative stress, inflammation and tissue remodeling, cell and lung tissue morphology (optical and transmission electron microscopy), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid content analysis. RESULTS extensive physico-chemical characterization of MWCNT was performed, and showed, although similar dimensions for the 3 MWCNT, a much smaller specific surface area for NT2 and NT3 as compared to NT1 (54.1, 34 and 227.54 m(2)/g respectively), along with different surface characteristics. MWCNT-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation were increased by acid-based and decreased by polystyrene-based polymer coating both in vitro in murine macrophages and in vivo in lung of mice monitored for 6 months. CONCLUSIONS these results demonstrate that coating CNT with polymers, without affecting their intrinsic structure, may constitute a useful strategy for decreasing CNT toxicity, and may hold promise for improving occupational safety and that of general the user.
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Katsha AM, Ohkouchi S, Xin H, Kanehira M, Sun R, Nukiwa T, Saijo Y. Paracrine factors of multipotent stromal cells ameliorate lung injury in an elastase-induced emphysema model. Mol Ther 2011; 19:196-203. [PMID: 20842104 PMCID: PMC3017437 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) ameliorate several types of lung injury. The differentiation of MSCs into specific cells at the injury site has been considered as the important process in the MSC effect. However, although MSCs reduce destruction in an elastase-induced lung emphysema model, MSC differentiation is relatively rare, suggesting that MSC differentiation into specific cells does not adequately explain the recuperation observed. Humoral factors secreted by MSCs may also play an important role in ameliorating emphysema. To confirm this hypothesis, emphysema was induced in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal elastase injection 14 days before intratracheal MSC or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) administration. Thereafter, lungs were collected at several time points and evaluated. Our results showed that MSCs reduced the destruction in elastase-induced emphysema. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence staining revealed infrequent MSC engraftment and differentiation into epithelial cells. Real-time PCR showed increased levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Real-time PCR and western blotting showed enhanced production of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) in the lung. In-vitro coculture studies confirmed the in vivo observations. Our findings suggest that paracrine factors derived from MSCs is the main mechanism for the protection of lung tissues from elastase injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Katsha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan
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Warburton D, El-Hashash A, Carraro G, Tiozzo C, Sala F, Rogers O, De Langhe S, Kemp PJ, Riccardi D, Torday J, Bellusci S, Shi W, Lubkin SR, Jesudason E. Lung organogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2010; 90:73-158. [PMID: 20691848 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(10)90003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developmental lung biology is a field that has the potential for significant human impact: lung disease at the extremes of age continues to cause major morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding how the lung develops holds the promise that investigators can use this knowledge to aid lung repair and regeneration. In the decade since the "molecular embryology" of the lung was first comprehensively reviewed, new challenges have emerged-and it is on these that we focus the current review. Firstly, there is a critical need to understand the progenitor cell biology of the lung in order to exploit the potential of stem cells for the treatment of lung disease. Secondly, the current familiar descriptions of lung morphogenesis governed by growth and transcription factors need to be elaborated upon with the reinclusion and reconsideration of other factors, such as mechanics, in lung growth. Thirdly, efforts to parse the finer detail of lung bud signaling may need to be combined with broader consideration of overarching mechanisms that may be therapeutically easier to target: in this arena, we advance the proposal that looking at the lung in general (and branching in particular) in terms of clocks may yield unexpected benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warburton
- The Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Yildirim AO, Muyal V, John G, Müller B, Seifart C, Kasper M, Fehrenbach H. Palifermin induces alveolar maintenance programs in emphysematous mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 181:705-17. [PMID: 20007933 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200804-573oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Emphysema is characterized by destruction of alveoli with ensuing airspace enlargement and loss of alveoli. Induction of alveolar regeneration is still a major challenge in emphysema therapy. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether therapeutic application of palifermin (DeltaN23-KGF) is able to induce a regenerative response in distal lung parenchyma after induction of pulmonary emphysema. METHODS Mice were therapeutically treated at three occasions by oropharyngeal aspiration of 10 mg DeltaN23-KGF per kg body weight after induction of emphysema by porcine pancreatic elastase. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Airflow limitation associated with emphysema was largely reversed as assessed by noninvasive head-out body plethysmography. Porcine pancreatic elastase-induced airspace enlargement and loss of alveoli were partially reversed as assessed by design-based stereology. DeltaN23-KGF induced proliferation of epithelium, endothelium, and fibroblasts being associated with enhanced differentiation as well as increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, TGF-beta2, (phospho-) Smad2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and elastin as assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. DeltaN23-KGF induced the expression of TGF-beta1 in and release of active TGF-beta1 from primary mouse alveolar epithelial type 2 (AE2) cells, murine AE2-like cells LA-4, and cocultures of LA-4 and murine lung fibroblasts (MLF), but not in MLF cultured alone. Recombinant TGF-beta1 but not DeltaN23-KGF induced elastin gene expression in MLF. Blockade of TGF-signaling by neutralizing antibody abolished these effects of DeltaN23-KGF in LA-4/MLF cocultures. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that therapeutic application of DeltaN23-KGF has the potential to induce alveolar maintenance programs in emphysematous lungs and suggest that the regenerative effect on interstitial tissue is linked to AE2 cell-derived TGF-beta1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali O Yildirim
- Clinical Research Group Chronic Airway Diseases, Medical Faculty, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Abstract
Emphysema is characterized by the destruction of alveolar parenchymal tissue and the concordant loss of lung epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and interstitial mesenchymal cells. Key features in the pathobiology of emphysema include inflammation, alveolar epithelial cell injury/apoptosis, and excessive activation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteases. Mesenchymal cells are versatile connective tissue cells that are critical effectors of wound-repair. The excessive loss of connective tissue and the destruction of alveolar septae in emphysema suggest that the mesenchymal cell reparative response to epithelial injury is impaired. Yet, the mechanisms regulating mesenchymal cell (dys)function in emphysema remain poorly understood. We propose that mesenchymal cell fate, modulated by transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) and the balance of ECM proteases and antiproteases, is a critical determinant of the emphysema phenotype. We examine emphysema in the context of wound-repair responses, with a focus on the regulation of mesenchymal cell fate and phenotype. We discuss the emerging evidence supporting that genetic factors, inflammation and environmental factors, including cigarette smoke itself, collectively impair mesenchymal cell survival and function, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Horowitz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2319, USA.
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Bourbon JR, Boucherat O, Boczkowski J, Crestani B, Delacourt C. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and emphysema: in search of common therapeutic targets. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:169-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
At least two populations of epithelial stem/progenitor cells give rise to the lung anlage, comprising the laryngo-tracheal complex versus the distal lung below the first bronchial bifurcation. Amplification of the distal population requires FGF9-FGF10-FGFR2b-Sprouty signaling. Residual pools of adult stem cells are hypothesized to be the source of lung regeneration and repair. These pools have been located within the basal layer of the upper airways, within or near pulmonary neuroendocrine cell rests, at the bronchoalveolar junction as well as within the alveolar epithelial surface. Rapid repair of the denuded alveolar surface after injury is clearly key to survival. Strategies to enhance endogenous alveolar epithelial repair could include protection of epithelial progenitors from injury and/or stimulation of endogenous progenitor cell function. Protection with inosine or FGF signaling are possible small molecule therapeutic options. Alternatively, exogenous stem/progenitor cells can be delivered into the lung either intravenously, intratracheally, or by direct injection. Sources of exogenous stem/progenitor cells that are currently under evaluation in the context of acute lung injury repair include embryonic stem cells, bone marrow- or fat-derived mesenchymal stem cells, circulating endothelial progenitors, and, recently, amniotic fluid stem/progenitor cells. Further work will be needed to translate stem/progenitor cell therapy for the lung.
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