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Peng J, Petersen AB, Shavlik D, Xiao D, Yel D, Kheam T, Singh PN. Smoked, smokeless, and poly-tobacco use during pregnancy in relation to infant mortality in Cambodia: Findings from a nationwide sample. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-163. [PMID: 39315292 PMCID: PMC11418014 DOI: 10.18332/tid/191718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy is an established risk factor for adverse maternal, fetal, and infant outcomes. In contrast, maternal smokeless tobacco use (i.e. e-cigarettes, snus, betel quid, iqmik) during pregnancy has a more complex risk profile due to its potential use as a smoking cessation aid or to reduce the harm from smoking tobacco. The overall aim of this study was to investigate the association between smoked, smokeless, and poly-tobacco (smoked + smokeless) use during pregnancy and infant mortality, in a national sample of women in Cambodia. METHODS The study used data from the National Adult Tobacco Survey of Cambodia (NATSC) that employed sampling methods and tobacco survey items from the CDC Global Adult Tobacco Survey but also included a supplement on reproductive health and birthing history. We selected 5342 women of the NATSC who reported complete data on at least one pregnancy, and our unit of analysis was the 15998 pregnancies from these women. We conducted a multivariable logistic regression to relate tobacco use to infant mortality. Taylor linearized variance estimators were used to account for clustering by sampling unit and mother. RESULTS We found that smokeless tobacco in the form of a betel quid was the most common form of tobacco used during pregnancy. In multivariable logistic regression, we found increased odds of infant death for all tobacco use categories (smoked, smokeless), but that the strongest effects were seen for habits that included smokeless tobacco (relative to never use of tobacco in any form): exclusive use of smokeless tobacco (adjusted odds ratio, AOR=2.08; 95% CI: 1.15-3.76), and poly-tobacco use (AOR=5.68; 95% CI: 1.03-31.46). In more detailed analyses that considered the composition of the betel quid (tobacco, areca nut/leaf, slaked lime), we found that even chewing of tobacco leaves with no processing or additives was associated with a three-fold increase in odds of infant death relative to a never user (AOR=3.05; 95% CI: 1.45-6.45). CONCLUSIONS We found that even among those pregnant women who limited their nicotine habit to chewing tobacco leaves with no processing or additives, there remained higher odds of fetal or infant death from that pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Peng
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, United States
| | - Anne Berit Petersen
- School of Nursing, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, United States
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, United States
| | - David Shavlik
- School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, United States
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, United States
| | - Daravuth Yel
- Cambodia Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - They Kheam
- National Institute of Statistics, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Pramil N. Singh
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center, Loma Linda, United States
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Yu W, Chen Z, Li Y, Jiang S, Zhang L, Shao XM, Xiao D. In utero chronic intermittent nicotine aerosol exposure increases ischemic heart injury in adult offspring via programming of Angiotensin II receptor-derived TGFβ/ROS/Akt signaling pathway. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108650. [PMID: 38945500 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure during pregnancy significantly affects fetal development and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease late in life. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. We tested the hypothesis that fetal nicotine aerosol exposure reprograms ischemia-sensitive gene expressions, resulting in increased heart susceptibility to ischemic injury and cardiac dysfunction in adulthood. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to chronic intermittent nicotine aerosol (CINA) or saline aerosol control from gestational day 4 to day 21. Experiments were performed on 6-month-old adult offspring. RESULTS CINA exposure increased ischemia-induced cardiac injury and cardiac dysfunction compared to the control group, which was associated with over- expression of angiotensin II receptor (ATR) protein in the left ventricle (LV) of adult offspring. Meanwhile, CINA exposure up-regulated cardiac TGF-β/SMADs family proteins in the LV. In addition, CINA exposure enhanced cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased the DNA methylation level. The levels of phosphorylated-Akt were upregulated but LC3B-II/I protein abundances were downregulated in the hearts isolated from the CINA-treated group. CONCLUSION Fetal nicotine aerosol exposure leads to cardiac dysfunction in response to ischemic stimulation in adulthood. Two molecular pathways are implicated. First, fetal CINA exposure elevates cardiac ATR levels, affecting the TGFβ-SMADs pathway. Second, heightened Angiotensin II/ATR signaling triggers ROS production, leading to DNA hypermethylation, p-Akt activation, and autophagy deficiency. These molecular shifts in cardiomyocytes result in the development of a heart ischemia-sensitive phenotype and subsequent dysfunction in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansu Yu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Geriatrics, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zewen Chen
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Siyi Jiang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA; Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - DaLiao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
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Mills A, Nassabeh S, Hurley A, Shouldis L, Chantler PD, Dakhlallah D, Olfert IM. Influence of gestational window on offspring vascular health in rodents with in utero exposure to electronic cigarettes. J Physiol 2024; 602:4271-4289. [PMID: 39106241 PMCID: PMC11376404 DOI: 10.1113/jp286493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown cerebrovascular dysfunction in offspring with full-gestational electronic cigarette (Ecig) exposure, but little is known about how individual trimester exposure impacts offspring health. This study aimed to determine if there is a critical window during gestation that contributes to vascular and anxiety-like behavioural changes seen with full-term exposure. To test this, rats were time-mated, and the pregnant dams were randomly assigned to Ecig exposure during first trimester (gestational day, GD2-7), second trimester (GD8-14), third trimester (GD15-21) or full-term gestation (GD2-21). We also assessed the effect of maternal preconception exposure. Both male and female offspring from all maternal exposure conditions were compared to offspring from dams under ambient air (control) conditions. Ecig exposure consisted of 60-puffs/day (5 days/week) using either 5 or 30 watts for each respective exposure group. We found that maternal exposure to Ecig in the second and third trimesters resulted in a decrease (23-38%) in vascular reactivity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity in 3- and 6-month-old offspring compared to Air offspring. Further, the severity of impairment was comparable to the full-term exposure (31-46%). Offspring also displayed changes in body composition, body mass, anxiety-like behaviour and locomotor activity, indicating that Ecigs influence neurodevelopment and metabolism. Maternal preconception exposure showed no impact on offspring body mass, anxiety-like behaviour, or vascular function. Thus, the critical exposure window where Ecig affects vascular development in offspring occurs during mid- to late-gestation in pregnancy, and both 5 W and 30 W exposure produce significant vascular dysfunction compared to Air. KEY POINTS: Exposure to electronic cigarettes (Ecigs) is known to increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease in both animals and humans. Maternal Ecig use during pregnancy in rodents is found to impair the vascular health of adolescent and adult offspring, but the critical gestation window for Ecig-induced vascular impairment is not known. This study demonstrates Ecig exposure during mid- and late-gestation (i.e. second or third trimester) results in impaired endothelial cell-mediated dilatation (i.e. middle cerebral artery reactivity) and alters anxiety-like behaviour in offspring. Maternal exposure prior to conception did not impact offspring's vascular or anxiety-like behavioural outcomes. Rodent models have been a reliable and useful predictor of inhalation-induced harm to humans. These data indicate maternal use of Ecigs during pregnancy should not be considered safe, and begin to inform clinicians and women about potential long-term harm to their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Mills
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Sydney Nassabeh
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Audra Hurley
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Lainey Shouldis
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Department of Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Mills A, Velayutham M, Corbin D, Suter L, Robinson M, Khramtsov VV, Shouldis L, Cook M, Dakhallah D, Chantler PD, Olfert IM. Maternal use of electronic cigarettes and impact on offspring: a double-hit model. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 137:690-704. [PMID: 39088647 PMCID: PMC11424175 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00345.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a predictor for cardiovascular disease. Preclinical data suggest longstanding cardiovascular and cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs in offspring with perinatal electronic cigarette (Ecig) exposure. Furthermore, direct use of Ecigs increases reactive oxygen species and impairs cerebrovascular function, but the combined effect of direct use in offspring with a history of perinatal exposure (i.e. double-hit condition) is not known. We tested the hypothesis that offspring with double-hit Ecig exposure will lead to greater cerebrovascular and neurocognitive dysfunction compared with in utero exposure only. Male and female offspring were obtained from time-mated Sprague Dawley female rats exposed to air (n = 5 dams) or Ecig exposed (n = 5 dams) and studied at either 3 or 6 mo after birth. Ecig exposure for double-hit offspring began at 1-mo before the timepoints and lasted 4 wk (5 days/wk with 90-min exposure/day). We found double-hit offspring (Ecig:Ecig = exposure dam:offspring) sustained further blunted middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity, increased severity of neuronal damage, and increased interactions of astrocytes and endothelial cells compared with offspring with maternal (Ecig:Air) or direct (Air:Ecig) exposure only. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) were increased, whereas sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was decreased, in all Ecig-exposed groups compared with controls (Air:Air), with Ecig:Ecig group showing the greatest respective change for each. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed oxidative stress was the highest in the plasma of Ecig:Ecig group (P < 0.05) than the other groups. These data show that a double-hit exposure in adolescent or adult offspring results in a greater decline in cerebrovascular function, biomarkers of neuronal dysfunction, and increased circulation of EVs compared with a single-hit exposure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These data add to the growing body of literature demonstrating that electronic cigarette (Ecig) use during pregnancy (even without nicotine) is not safe, and primes offspring to have worse cardiovascular health outcomes in early and adult life. A key finding from this work is that a second insult from direct vaping in offspring with prior in utero exposure induces greater vascular dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, and shows evidence of neuronal dysfunction compared with either direct- or maternal-only exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Mills
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Debbie Corbin
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Lindsey Suter
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Madison Robinson
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Valery V Khramtsov
- In vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance (IMMR) Center, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Lainey Shouldis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Mary Cook
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Duaa Dakhallah
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
| | - I Mark Olfert
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
- Division of Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States
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Bush A, Coutts J, Langley R. Vaping in pregnancy: Caution required! Addiction 2024; 119:1491-1492. [PMID: 38637903 DOI: 10.1111/add.16510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Bush
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jonathan Coutts
- Neonatal Department, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ross Langley
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
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Liu B, Xia L, Li Y, Jiang S, Yu W, Zhang L, Shao XM, Xu Z, Xiao D. Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Raises Male Blood Pressure via FTO-Mediated NOX2/ROS Signaling. Hypertension 2024; 81:240-251. [PMID: 37795601 PMCID: PMC10873091 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking/nicotine exposure in pregnancy shows an increased risk of hypertension in offspring, but the mechanisms are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that m6A RNA hypomethylation epigenetically regulates vascular NOX (NADPH oxidase) and reactive oxygen species production, contributing to the fetal programming of a hypertensive phenotype in nicotine-exposed offspring. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to episodic chronic intermittent nicotine aerosol (CINA) or saline aerosol control from gestational day 4 to day 21, and experiments were performed in 6-month-old adult offspring. RESULTS Antenatal CINA exposure augmented Ang II (angiotensin II)-stimulated blood pressure response in male, but not female offspring. Moreover, CINA increased vascular NOX2 expression and superoxide production exclusively in male offspring. Inhibition of NOX2 with gp91ds-tat, both ex vivo and in vivo, mitigated the CINA-induced elevation in superoxide production and blood pressure response. Notably, CINA enhanced the expression of vascular m6A demethylase FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein), while reducing the total vascular m6A abundance and specific m6A methylation of the NOX2 gene. Additionally, ex vivo inhibition of FTO with FB23-2 attenuated CINA-induced increases in vascular NOX2 expression. In vitro experiments using human umbilical vein endothelial cells demonstrated that nicotine dose-dependently upregulated FTO and NOX2 protein abundance, which were reversed by treatment with the FTO inhibitor FB23-2 or FTO knockdown using siRNAs. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers a new mechanism: m6A demethylase FTO-mediated epigenetic upregulation of vascular NOX2 signaling in CINA-induced hypertensive phenotype. This insight could lead to a therapeutic target for preventing and treating developmental hypertension programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailin Liu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
- Perinatology Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Liang Xia
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Siyi Jiang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Wansu Yu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90095, USA
| | - Zhice Xu
- Perinatology Laboratory, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women’s Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, 708 Renmin Road, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA 92354
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Gong L, Jiang S, Tian J, Li Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Xiao D. STZ-induced gestational diabetes exposure alters PTEN/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy signaling pathway leading to increase the risk of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108494. [PMID: 38706688 PMCID: PMC11068333 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy has significant consequences for the unborn baby and newborn infant. However, whether and how GDM exposure induces the development of neonatal brain hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we used a late GDM rat model induced by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) on gestational day 12 and investigated its effects of GDM on neonatal brain development. The pregnant rats exhibited increased blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner after STZ administration. STZ-induced maternal hyperglycemia led to reduced blood glucose levels in neonatal offspring, resulting in growth restriction and an increased brain to body weight ratio. Importantly, GDM exposure increased susceptibility to hypoxia/ischemia (HI)-induced brain infarct sizes compared to the controls in both male and female neonatal offspring. Further molecular analysis revealed alterations in the PTEN/AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway in neonatal male offspring brains, along with increased ROS production and autophagy-related proteins (Atg5 and LC3-II). Treatment with the PTEN inhibitor bisperoxovanadate (BPV) eliminated the differences in HI-induced brain infarct sizes between the GDM-exposed and the control groups. These findings provide novel evidence of the development of a brain hypoxia/ischemia-sensitive phenotype in response to GDM exposure and highlight the role of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR/autophagy signaling pathway in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Siyi Jiang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
- Department of Hematology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Wansu Yu
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Lee J, Orzabal MR, Naik VD, Ramadoss J. Impact of e-cigarette vaping aerosol exposure in pregnancy on mTOR signaling in rat fetal hippocampus. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1217127. [PMID: 37449268 PMCID: PMC10337480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1217127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic cigarette (e-cig) use during pregnancy has become a major health concern in recent years and many view them as less harmful and may help quit or reduce combustible cigarettes. Implementing a state-of-the-art engineered vaping system, comprising an atomizer similar to those sold in vape shops, we aimed to utilize a translational e-cig inhalation delivery method to provide crucial information on the impact of prenatal e-cig aerosols on the developing brain hippocampal mTOR system in a rat model system. Gestational e-cig vaping significantly increased P-mTOR levels (p < 0.05) in the rat fetal hippocampi in the nicotine group (comprising of VG/PG + nicotine) compared to the control and the juice (comprising of VG/PG) groups. Total mTOR expression was not different among groups. Immunofluorescence imaging demonstrated P-mTOR was detected exclusively in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus of the fetal hippocampus. E-cig did not alter DEPTOR, but RAPTOR and RICTOR were higher (p < 0.05) in the Nicotine group. Gestational e-cig vaping with nicotine increased (p < 0.05) the activity and expression of 4EBP1, p70S6K, but decreased (p < 0.05) P-PKCα in the fetal hippocampi. In summary, dysregulation of mTORC1 and the related mTORC2, their activity, and downstream proteins together may play a critical role in e-cig-vaping-induced neurobiological phenotypes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehoon Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Marcus R. Orzabal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Vishal D. Naik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jayanth Ramadoss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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Chen YC, Lin IC, Su MC, Hsu PY, Hsiao CC, Hsu TY, Liou CW, Chen YM, Chin CH, Wang TY, Chang JC, Lin YY, Lee CP, Lin MC. Autophagy impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea modulates intermittent hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis via hypermethylation of the ATG5 gene promoter region. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:82. [PMID: 36805797 PMCID: PMC9936724 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is a catabolic process that recycles damaged organelles and acts as a pro-survival mechanism, but little is known about autophagy dysfunction and epigenetic regulation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS Protein/gene expressions and DNA methylation levels of the autophagy-related genes (ATG) were examined in blood leukocytes from 64 patients with treatment-naïve OSA and 24 subjects with primary snoring (PS). RESULTS LC3B protein expression of blood monocytes, and ATG5 protein expression of blood neutrophils were decreased in OSA patients versus PS subjects, while p62 protein expression of cytotoxic T cell was increased, particularly in those with nocturia. ATG5, ULK1, and BECN1 gene expressions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were decreased in OSA patients versus PS subjects. LC3B gene promoter regions were hypermethylated in OSA patients, particularly in those with excessive daytime sleepiness, while ATG5 gene promoter regions were hypermethylated in those with morning headache or memory impairment. LC3B protein expression of blood monocytes and DNA methylation levels of the LC3B gene promoter region were negatively and positively correlated with apnea hyponea index, respectively. In vitro intermittent hypoxia with re-oxygenation exposure to human THP-1/HUVEC cell lines resulted in LC3B/ATG5/ULK1/BECN1 down-regulations and p62 up-regulation along with increased apoptosis and oxidative stress, while rapamycin and umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cell treatment reversed these abnormalities through de-methylation of the ATG5 gene promoter. CONCLUSIONS Impaired autophagy activity in OSA patients was regulated by aberrant DNA methylation, correlated with clinical phenotypes, and contributed to increased cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Autophagy enhancers may be novel therapeutics for OSA-related neurocognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Che Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taouyan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - I-Chun Lin
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Mao-Chang Su
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.418428.3Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi, 61363 Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun Hsiao
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taouyan, 33302 Taiwan
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Obstetrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Liou
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Mu Chen
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hung Chin
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ya Wang
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chieh Chang
- grid.413804.aGenomics and Proteomics Core Lab, Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Yong-Yong Lin
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ping Lee
- grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301 Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan. .,Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taouyan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Sleep Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, No. 123, Ta-Pei Rd, Niao-Sung District, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
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10
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Walayat A, Fu Y, Liu B, Zhang L, Xiao D. The Regulatory Role of H19/miR-181a/ATG5 Signaling in Perinatal Nicotine Exposure-Induced Development of Neonatal Brain Hypoxic-Ischemic Sensitive Phenotype. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6885. [PMID: 35805891 PMCID: PMC9266802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotine exposure either from maternal cigarette smoking or e-cigarette vaping is one of the most common risk factors for neurodevelopmental disease in offspring. Previous studies revealed that perinatal nicotine exposure programs a sensitive phenotype to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in postnatal life, yet the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. The goal of the present study was to determine the regulatory role of H19/miR-181a/ATG5 signaling in perinatal nicotine exposure-induced development of neonatal brain hypoxic-ischemic sensitive phenotype. Nicotine was administered to pregnant rats via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps. All experiments were conducted in offspring pups at postnatal day 9 (P9). Perinatal nicotine exposure significantly enhanced expression of miR-181a but attenuated autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5) mRNA and protein levels in neonatal brains. Of interest, miR-181a mimicking administration in the absence of nicotine exposure also produced dose-dependent increased hypoxia/ischemia (H/I)-induced brain injury associated with a decreased ATG5 expression, closely resembling perinatal nicotine exposure-mediated effects. Locked nucleic acid (LNA)-miR-181a antisense reversed perinatal nicotine-mediated increase in H/I-induced brain injury and normalized aberrant ATG5 expression. In addition, nicotine exposure attenuated a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 expression level. Knockdown of H19 via siRNA increased the miR-181a level and enhanced H/I-induced neonatal brain injury. In conclusion, the present findings provide a novel mechanism that aberrant alteration of the H19/miR-181a/AGT5 axis plays a vital role in perinatal nicotine exposure-mediated ischemia-sensitive phenotype in offspring and suggests promising molecular targets for intervention and rescuing nicotine-induced adverse programming effects in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Daliao Xiao
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA; (Y.L.); (Y.Z.); (A.W.); (Y.F.); (B.L.); (L.Z.)
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