1
|
Akbar AY, Cui ZY, Hsu CJ, Li YZ, Rahman FF, Xia C, Yang AL, Lee SD. Anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic efficacy of exercise training in hypertensive hearts: A systematic review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1138705. [PMID: 37187789 PMCID: PMC10176093 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1138705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This review aims to summarize the antiapoptotic, pro-survival, and antifibrotic effects of exercise training in hypertensive hearts. Methods Keyword searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus in May 2021. Research published in English on the effects of exercise training on the apoptosis, survival, and fibrosis pathways in hypertension was included. The CAMARADES checklist was used to determine the quality of the studies. Two reviewers independently implemented predesigned protocols for the search and selection of studies, the assessment of study quality, and the evaluation of the strength of evidence. Results Eleven studies were included after selection. The duration of the exercise training ranged from 5 to 27 weeks. Nine studies showed that exercise training improved cardiac survival rates by increasing IGF-1, IGF-1 receptor, p-PI3K, Bcl-2, HSP 72, and p-Akt. Furthermore, 10 studies showed that exercise training reduced apoptotic pathways by downregulating Bid, t-Bid, Bad, Bak, Bax, TNF, and FADD. Finally, two studies reported the modification and subsequent improvement of physiological characteristics of fibrosis and decreased MAPK p38 and PTEN levels by exercise training in the left ventricle of the heart. Conclusions The findings of the review showed that exercise training could improve cardiac survival rates and attenuate cardiac apoptotic and fibrotic pathways in hypertension, suggesting that exercise training could act as a therapeutic approach to prevent hypertension-induced cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier: CRD42021254118.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adjar Yusrandi Akbar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biology Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Zhen-Yang Cui
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Che-Jui Hsu
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Zhang Li
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ferry Fadzlul Rahman
- Department of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - Chunqiu Xia
- College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Ai-Lun Yang Shin-Da Lee
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Shandong, China
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Ai-Lun Yang Shin-Da Lee
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Teles MC, Oliveira Portes AM, Campos Coelho BI, Resende LT, Isoldi MC. Cardiac changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats: Modulation by aerobic exercise. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 177:109-124. [PMID: 36347337 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by high and sustained levels of blood pressure. For a better understanding of the pathophysiology of hypertension, studies are conducted with spontaneously hypertensive animals, which allow the investigation of physiological changes that in most cases cannot be studied in humans. In these animals, myocardial remodeling, increased pro-inflammatory markers, redox imbalance and contractile dysfunctions that lead to changes in cardiac function can be observed. However, it can be inferring that aerobic training improves cardiac function and cardiomyocyte contractility, in addition to controlling inflammation and reducing oxidative stress in cardiac muscle, despite this, the precise mechanisms by which physical exercise improves cardiovascular control are not fully understood. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological changes that affect the heart of spontaneously hypertensive animals and their modulation by aerobic exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecília Teles
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil.
| | | | - Bianca Iara Campos Coelho
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Letícia Teresinha Resende
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro Cesar Isoldi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, 35400-000, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bal NB, Bostanci A, Sadi G, Dönmez MO, Uludag MO, Demirel-Yilmaz E. Resveratrol and regular exercise may attenuate hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction through modulation of cellular stress responses. Life Sci 2022; 296:120424. [PMID: 35196531 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hypertension is one of the major causes of cardiac damage. In this study, the effects of resveratrol supplementation and regular exercise on hypertension-induced cellular stress responses of myocardium were compared. MAIN METHODS Hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats by deoxycorticosterone-acetate + salt administration for 12 weeks. Resveratrol and regular exercise were applied for the last six weeks. In addition to biochemical and molecular examinations, isoprenaline, phenylephrine and, acetylcholine-mediated contractions and sinus rate were recorded in the isolated cardiac tissues. KEY FINDINGS Resveratrol and regular exercise reduced systolic blood pressure in hypertensive rats. The altered adrenergic and cholinergic responses of the right atrium and left papillary muscles in hypertension were separately improved by resveratrol and regular exercise. Resveratrol and regular exercise decreased plasma and cardiac total antioxidant capacity and, augmented the expression of antioxidant genes in hypertensive rats. While regular exercise restored the increase in p-PERK expression associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and decrease in mitophagic marker PINK1 expression, resveratrol only ameliorated PINK1 expression in hypertensive rats. Resveratrol and exercise training suppressed hypertension-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation by reversing the increase in NLRP3, p-NF-κB expression and the mature-IL-1β/pro-IL-1β and cleaved-caspase-1/pro-caspase-1 ratio. Resveratrol and exercise enhanced mRNA expression of caspase-3, bax, and bcl-2 involved in the apoptotic pathway, but attenuated phosphorylation of stress-related mitogenic proteins p38 and JNK induced by hypertension. SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrated the protective effect of resveratrol and exercise on hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction by modulating cellular stress responses including oxidative stress, ER stress, mitophagy, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation, and mitogenic activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Banu Bal
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Aykut Bostanci
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, K.Ö. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karaman 70100, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Sadi
- Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, K.Ö. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Karaman 70100, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Oguzhan Dönmez
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mecit Orhan Uludag
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Demirel-Yilmaz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bei Y, Wang L, Ding R, Che L, Fan Z, Gao W, Liang Q, Lin S, Liu S, Lu X, Shen Y, Wu G, Yang J, Zhang G, Zhao W, Guo L, Xiao J. Animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research: Current knowledge and optimal design-A position paper of the Committee on Cardiac Rehabilitation, Chinese Medical Doctors' Association. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 10:660-674. [PMID: 34454088 PMCID: PMC8724626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated exercise as an effective way to promote cardiovascular health and protect against cardiovascular diseases However, the underlying mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise have yet to be elucidated. Animal exercise studies are widely used to investigate the key mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection. However, standardized procedures and well-established evaluation indicators for animal exercise models are needed to guide researchers in carrying out effective, high-quality animal studies using exercise to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. In our review, we present the commonly used animal exercise models in cardiovascular research and propose a set of standard procedures for exercise training, emphasizing the appropriate measurements and analysis in these chronic exercise models. We also provide recommendations for optimal design of animal exercise studies in cardiovascular research, including the choice of exercise models, control of exercise protocols, exercise at different stages of disease, and other considerations, such as age, sex, and genetic background. We hope that this position paper will promote basic research on exercise-induced cardiovascular protection and pave the way for successful translation of exercise studies from bench to bedside in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rongjing Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhiqing Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing 163000, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shenghui Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou 362021, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Guifu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Department, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China; Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miotto DS, Duchatsch F, Macedo AG, Ruiz TFR, Vicentini CA, Amaral SL. Perindopril Reduces Arterial Pressure and Does Not Inhibit Exercise-Induced Angiogenesis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 77:519-528. [PMID: 33394824 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sympathetic activity, arteriolar structure, and angiogenesis are important mechanisms modulating hypertension and this study aimed to analyze the effects of perindopril treatment, associated or not with exercise training, on the mechanisms that control blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive rats. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were allocated into 4 groups: 1/sedentary (S); 2/perindopril (P, 3.0 mg/kg/d); 3/trained (T); and 4/trained + perindopril (TP). Wistar rats were used as normotensive sedentary control group. SHR were assigned to undergo a treadmill training (T) or were kept sedentary. Heart rate, BP, sympathetic activity to the vessels (LF-SBP), and skeletal muscle and myocardial morphometric analyses were performed. BP was significantly lower after all 3 strategies, compared with S and was accompanied by lower LF-SBP (-76%, -53%, and -44%, for P, T, and TP, respectively). Arteriolar vessel wall cross-sectional area was lower after treatments (-56%, -52%, and -56%, for P, T, and TP, respectively), and only TP presented higher arteriolar lumen area. Capillary rarefaction was present in soleus muscle and myocardium in S group and both trained groups presented higher vessel density, although perindopril attenuated this increase in soleus muscle. Although myocyte diameter was not different between groups, myocardial collagen deposition area, higher in S group, was lower after 3 strategies. In conclusion, we may suggest that perindopril could be an option for the hypertensive people who practice exercise and need a specific pharmacological treatment to reach a better BP control, mainly because training-induced angiogenesis is an important response to facilitate blood flow perfusion and oxygen uptake and perindopril did not attenuate this response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danyelle S Miotto
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson G Macedo
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles F R Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences- UNESP, School of Sciences, São José do Rio Preto/SP, Brazil; and
| | | | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
- Physical Education, UNESP, School of Sciences, Bauru/SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yan Z, Zeng N, Li J, Liao T, Ni G. Cardiac Effects of Treadmill Running at Different Intensities in a Rat Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:774681. [PMID: 34912240 PMCID: PMC8667026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.774681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In this study, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise training on cardiac hypertrophy, collagen deposition, echo parameters and serum levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in rats, and how they differ with various exercise intensities, hence exploring potential signal transduction. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sedentary (SED), low-intensity running (LIR), medium-intensity running (MIR), and high-intensity running (HIR) groups. Each exercise group had 3 subgroups that were sacrificed for cardiac tissue analyses at 1, 4, and 8 weeks, respectively, and all rats participated in a daily 1 h treadmill routine 5 days per week. Echocardiographic measurements were performed 24 h after the last exercise session. Additionally, myocardium samples and blood were collected for histological and biochemical examinations. Changes in the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signal pathway were detected by Western blotting. Results: After a week of running, ventricular myocyte size and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 increased in the HIR group, while left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter values and LV relative wall thickness increased in the LIR and MIR groups. In addition, we observed heart enlargement, cTnI decrease, and ERK1/2 signal activation in each of the exercise groups after 4 weeks of running. However, the HIR group displayed substantial rupture and increased fibrosis in myocardial tissue. In addition, compared with the LIR and MIR groups, 8 weeks of HIR resulted in structural damage, fiber deposition, and increased cTnI. However, there was no difference in the activation of ERK1/2 signaling between the exercise and SED groups. Conclusion: The effect of running on cardiac hypertrophy was intensity dependent. In contrast to LIR and MIR, the cardiac hypertrophy induced by 8 weeks of HIR was characterized by potential cardiomyocyte injury, which increased the risk of pathological development. Furthermore, the ERK signaling pathway was mainly involved in the compensatory hypertrophy process of the myocardium in the early stage of exercise and was positively correlated with exercise load. However, long-term exercise may attenuate ERK signaling activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
| | - Jieting Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fuzhou Second Affiliated Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guoxin Ni
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxin Ni,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duchatsch F, Tardelli LP, Herrera NA, Ruiz TFR, Vicentini CA, Okoshi K, Santos CF, Amaral SL. Dexamethasone and Training-Induced Cardiac Remodeling Improve Cardiac Function and Arterial Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2020; 26:189-199. [PMID: 32856477 DOI: 10.1177/1074248420953271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dexamethasone (DEX)-induced hypertension and cardiac remodeling are still unclear, especially in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). On the other side, exercise training is a good strategy to control hypertension. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of DEX treatment and physical training on arterial pressure and cardiac remodeling in SHR. MATERIAL AND METHODS SHR underwent treadmill training (5 days/week, 1h/session, at 50-60% of maximal capacity, 0% degree, 75 days) and received low-dose of DEX (50µg/kg, s.c.) during the last 15 days. Sedentary Wistar rats (W) were used as control. Echocardiography and artery catheterization were performed for cardiac remodeling and function, arterial pressure and autonomic nervous system analyses. In addition, left ventricle (LV) capillary density, myocyte diameter and collagen deposition area were analyzed using specific histological staining. RESULTS Low-dose of DEX treatment did not exacerbate arterial pressure of SHR and trained groups had lower values, regardless of DEX. DEX and training decreased relative left ventricle wall thickness (RWT) and determined LV angiogenesis (+19%) and lower collagen deposition area (-22%). In addition, it determined increased left ventricular diastolic diameter. These changes were followed by improvements on systolic and diastolic function, since it was observed increased posterior wall shortening velocity (PWSV) and reduced isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study is unique to indicate that low-dose of DEX treatment does not exacerbate arterial pressure in SHR and, when associated with training, it improves LV systolic and diastolic function, which may be due to LV angiogenesis and reduction of wall collagen deposition area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Duchatsch
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Lidieli P Tardelli
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Naiara A Herrera
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil
| | - Thalles F R Ruiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Vicentini
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Sciences, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu/SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos F Santos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, 28133University of São Paulo (Usp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Amaral
- Joint Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, PIPGCF UFSCar/UNESP, São Carlos/SP, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, School of Sciences, 28108São Paulo State University (Unesp), Bauru/SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Prokic V, Plecevic S, Bradic J, Petkovic A, Srejovic I, Bolevich S, Jeremic J, Bolevich S, Jakovljevic V, Zivkovic V. The impact of nine weeks swimming exercise on heart function in hypertensive and normotensive rats: role of cardiac oxidative stress. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2019; 59:2075-2083. [PMID: 31240902 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.19.09798-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate the effects of 9-week swimming training on cardiodynamic parameters and coronary flow in a rat model of high salt-induced hypertension with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress. METHODS Rats involved in the research were divided randomly into four groups: healthy sedentary (SA), healthy trained (TA), sedentary hypertensive (SHA) and trained hypertensive animals (THA). Trained rats were exposed to 9-week swimming training (5 days/week, 60 min/day). Additionally, in order to induce hypertension animals from SHA and THA groups were on high sodium (8% NaCl solution) diet during 4 weeks. Afterwards all rats were sacrificed and hearts were isolated and retrogradely perfused according to Langendorff technique. The following parameters of cardiac function were continuously recorded: maximum and minimum rate of pressure development in left ventricle, systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressure and heart rate. Coronary flow was measured flowmetrically. Oxidative stress markers were determined in coronary venous effluent. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that 9 weeks of swimming training led to improvement of cardiac contractility, relaxation and systolic capacity of normotensive rats, while this training protocol induced enhanced diastolic function in hypertensive conditions. More pronounced effects of exercise in alleviating oxidative stress were observed in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS Obvious beneficial exercise-induced cardiac adaptations provide scientific basis for further researches which would thoroughly clarify the mechanisms through which swimming training alters myocardial function both in healthy conditions and in the presence of chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Prokic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sasa Plecevic
- Sports Medicine Association of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anica Petkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Stefani Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Human Pathology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia -
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carneiro Júnior MA, Prímola-Gomes TN, Quintão Júnior JF, Drummond LR, Lavorato VN, Drummond FR, Felix LB, Oliveira EMD, Mill JG, Natali AJ. LOW-INTENSITY ENDURANCE TRAINING AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR MYOCYTES OF HYPERTENSIVE RATS. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220192503170429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction The structural and mechanical adaptations of the right ventricular (RV) myocytes in response to hypertension associated with low-intensity endurance training (LIET) have not been studied in experimental models. Objective To determine the effects of LIET on the structural and mechanical properties of RV myocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods Male SHRs and normotensive Wistar rats (age: 16 weeks) were allocated to groups (n=7): WIS (Wistar Controls); SHR-C (SHR Controls) and SHR-T (SHR Trained; 60 min/day, 50-60% of maximal exercise capacity, 5 days/week for 8 weeks). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP), isolated RV myocyte dimensions, contractility, intracellular Ca2+ transient ([Ca2+]i), and ventricular Ca2+ regulatory proteins were measured. The statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test (α=5%). Results LIET reduced the SAP in SHR animals (SHR-C, 164 ± 2 mmHg vs. SHR-T, 152 ± 4 mmHg; P<0.05). Hypertension increased cell length (WIS, 156.8 ± 2.7 µm; SHR-C, 166.6 ± 3.1 µm; P<0.05) but did not affect cell width or volume (P>0.05). LIET did not change the cell dimensions in the SHR-T. Neither hypertension nor LIET affected myocyte contractility or the expression of Ca2+ regulatory proteins in the RV of the SHR-C and SHR-T groups. Hypertension did not affect the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient or the time to half resting level (P>0.05), but increased the time to peak (WIS, 58 ± 1 ms vs. SHR-C, 79 ± 2 ms; P<0.05). LIET increased the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient (WIS, 2.28 ± 0.07 F/F0 and SHR-C, 2.48 ± 0.08 F/F0 vs. SHR-T, 2.87 ± 0.08 F/F0 P<0.05), but did not alter the times to peak or to half resting level. Conclusion LIET had no effect on the structural and mechanical properties of RV myocytes in the SHRs, although it increased the amplitude of the [Ca2+]i transient and reduced the SAP. Level of evidence I, Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the Results of Treatment.
Collapse
|
10
|
The impact of aerobic and anaerobic training regimes on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats: focus on redox changes. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 454:111-121. [PMID: 30311109 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed to assess the impact of aerobic and anaerobic type of exercise on blood pressure and redox status in normotensive and hypertensive rats. After 1 week of preconditioning feeding and 1 week of preconditioning running regimen, Wistar albino rats (n = 72; bw: 270 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned to three groups according to running protocol (high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity training (MIT)): sedentary control, MIT, HIIT; spontaneous hypertensive sedentary control (SHR), SHR + MIT and SHR + HIIT. Blood pressure (BP) measurement was performed by a tail-cuff noninvasive method BP system. After 48 h of rest following the final training, the rats were fasted for 24 h and sacrificed under ketamine/xylazine anesthesia and blood samples were collected. The level of the next prooxidants were measured: superoxide anion radical (O2-); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); nitrite level (NO2-) and index of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), and the activity of antioxidative enzymes: reduced glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. After the last week of running, HIIT strongly affected SP, DP, and HR in SHR rats compared to other hypertensive rats, as well as after MIT in normotensive conditions. We have found that HIIT training protocol induced a higher increase of O2- and H2O2 as compared to MIT. Findings of the present study pointed out that contrary to normotensive conditions, in hypertensive conditions both training regimes reduced the BP levels, which was more prominent in case of HIIT. In addition, MIT seems to be connected with milder disturbance of pro-oxidant production and better antioxidant response.
Collapse
|
11
|
Soares L, Drummond F, Lavorato V, Carneiro-Junior M, Natali A. Exercise training and pulmonary arterial hypertension: A review of the cardiac benefits. Sci Sports 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
12
|
Rodrigues JA, Prímola-Gomes TN, Soares LL, Leal TF, Nóbrega C, Pedrosa DL, Rezende LMT, de Oliveira EM, Natali AJ. Physical Exercise and Regulation of Intracellular Calcium in Cardiomyocytes of Hypertensive Rats. Arq Bras Cardiol 2018; 111:172-179. [PMID: 29972415 PMCID: PMC6122899 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20180113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulation of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) in cardiomyocytes is altered by hypertension; and aerobic exercise brings benefits to hypertensive individuals. OBJECTIVE To verify the effects of aerobic exercise training on contractility and intracellular calcium (Ca2+) transients of cardiomyocytes and on the expression of microRNA 214 (miR-214) in the left ventricle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS SHR and normotensive Wistar rats of 16 weeks were divided into 4 groups -sedentary hypertensive (SH); trained hypertensive (TH); sedentary normotensive (SN); and trained normotensive (TN). Animals of the TH and TN groups were subjected to treadmill running program, 5 days/week, 1 hour/day at 60-70% of maximum running velocity for 8 weeks. We adopted a p ≤ 0.05 as significance level for all comparisons. RESULTS Exercise training reduced systolic arterial pressure in hypertensive rats. In normotensive rats, exercise training reduced the time to 50% cell relaxation and the time to peak contraction and increased the time to 50% decay of the intracellular Ca2+ transients. In SHR, exercise increased the amplitude and reduced the time to 50% decay of Ca2+ transients. Exercise training increased the expression of miR-214 in hypertensive rats only. CONCLUSION The aerobic training applied in this study increased the availability of intracellular Ca2+ and accelerated the sequestration of these ions in left ventricular myocytes of hypertensive rats, despite increased expression of miR-214 and maintenance of cell contractility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Clara Nóbrega
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP -
Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carthagenes DS, Barreto MDP, Freitas CM, Pedroza ADS, Fernandes MP, Ferreira DS, Lagranha CJ, Nascimento LC, Evencio LB. Moderate physical training counterbalances harmful effects of low-protein diet on heart: metabolic, oxidative and morphological parameters. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201700030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
14
|
Swim training attenuates the adverse remodeling of LV structural and mechanical properties in the early compensated phase of hypertension. Life Sci 2017; 187:42-49. [PMID: 28823565 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Investigate to what extent low-intensity swim training for six weeks counterbalances the adverse remodeling due to the advance of pathological hypertrophy in the left ventricle (LV) structural and mechanical properties in the early compensated phase of hypertension in male SHR. MAIN METHODS Four-month-old male SHR and Wistar rats were randomly divided into Sed (sedentary) and Ex (exercised) groups. The exercised rats were submitted to a swimming protocol (1h/day, 5times/week, no additional load) for six weeks. LV tissue and isolated myocytes were used to assess structural and mechanical properties. Myocytes were stimulted at frequencies (F) of 1 and 3Hz at 37°C. KEY FINDINGS Exercised SHR showed improvement in cardiovascular parameters compared to sedentary SHR (mean arterial pressure: 13.22%; resting HR: 14.28.%). About structural and mechanical properties, swim training induced a decrease in LV myocyte thickness (10.85%), number of inflammatory cells (21.24%); collagen type III (74.23%) and type I (85.6%) fiber areas; amplitude of single myocyte shortening (47% to F1 and 28.46% to F3), timecourses of shortening (16.5% to F1 and 7.55% to F3) and relaxation (15.31% to F3) compared to sedentary SHR. SIGNIFICANCE Six weeks of swim training attenuates the adverse remodeling of LV structural and mechanical properties in the early compensated phase of hypertension in male SHR.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rocha LADO, Oliveira KS, Migliolo L, Franco OL. Effect of Moderate Exercise on Mitochondrial Proteome in Heart Tissue of Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:696-704. [PMID: 26391256 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a multifactorial disease and an important independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Exercise training is one of the most important non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies for treating hypertension; however, mitochondrial adaptations in the hypertensive heart as a result of exercise remain obscure. METHODS Aiming to explore the effects of exercise training of moderate intensity on the mitochondrial proteome in hypertensive animal models before and after the pathology developed, 20 isogenic male spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into 2 groups, 1 with animals of 6 and 40 weeks of age. Animals were submitted to exercise training on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 5 days per week for 4 weeks at 90% of the anaerobic threshold (AT). A mitochondrial sample extract from the left ventricle was prepared and further analyzed using LC-MS/MS. RESULTS Proteomics analyses led to the identification of 143 proteins in all groups. The data showed a considerable and clear increase in the abundance of NADH dehydrogenase and ATP synthase, as well as voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) type 1 decrease in exercise groups. When exercise effects were compared, differential proteins expressed only in exercise increased, such as cytochrome c oxidase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex. CONCLUSIONS The results support the proposition that moderate exercise induces a beneficial adaptation in left ventricle myocardial mitochondria in order to attenuate the decrease in ATP production in hypertensive models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Antonio de Oliveira Rocha
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kleber Souza Oliveira
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- Curso de pós-graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Analises Proteomicas e Bioquimicas, Curso de Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova Biotech, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Petriz BA, Almeida JA, Gomes CPC, Ernesto C, Pereira RW, Franco OL. Exercise performed around MLSS decreases systolic blood pressure and increases aerobic fitness in hypertensive rats. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 15:1. [PMID: 25888441 PMCID: PMC4367833 DOI: 10.1186/s12899-015-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Exercise is a non-pharmacologic agent widely used for hypertension control, where low intensity is often associated with blood pressure reduction. Maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) was recently identified in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) as an important step in establishing secure intensities for prescribing exercise for hypertensive phenotypes. Here we verified the effects of training around MLSS, 20% below MLSS, and 15% above MLSS on aerobic fitness and blood pressure status of SHR. Eighteen-week-old SHRs (n = 5, ~ 172.4 ± 8.1 mm Hg systolic blood pressure) were trained on a treadmill for 4 weeks for 30 min/day, 5 days/week at a velocity of 20 m.min−1. After training, a novel MLSS and incremental test was performed to evaluate the animals’ aerobic fitness. Furthermore, ~ 22-week-old SHRs (n = 12, ~169.8 ± 13.8 mm Hg systolic blood pressure) were divided into non-exercised (CG, n = 4), low intensity (LIG, n = 4) and high intensity (HIG, n = 4) groups, where rats were trained at 16 m.min−1 and 23 m.min−1 respectively for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Results Exercise performed at MLSS enhanced aerobic fitness, leading to a novel MLSS, identified around 30 m.min−1. Low and high intensity training reduced systolic blood pressure and only high intensity training led to improved aerobic fitness (28.1%, p < 0.01). Conclusions Therefore, our data indicate a decrease in blood pressure due to low and high exercise intensity, and an increase in aerobic fitness provided by high-intensity exercise in SHRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo A Petriz
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,UDF - Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,UDF - Centro Universitário de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Carlos Ernesto
- Laboratório de Avaliação Física e Treinamento - LAFIT, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Rinaldo W Pereira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil.
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília SGAN, Quadra 916, Módulo B, Av. W5 Norte, CEP 70.790-160, Brasília, DF, Brasil. .,S-Inova, Pos-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mann S, Bajulaiye A, Sturgeon K, Sabri A, Muthukumaran G, Libonati JR. Effects of acute angiotensin II on ischemia reperfusion injury following myocardial infarction. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:13-22. [PMID: 25487980 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314554963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) induces cardiac remodeling. This may increase the susceptibility of the infarcted heart to subsequent ischemic events. While chronic angiotensin II blockade is cardioprotective post-MI, the acute effects of angiotensin II in ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR) remains unclear. In the present study, we tested whether angiotensin II administration altered recovery of left ventricular (LV) function to IR in hearts from sham and MI rats. Echocardiography, LV pressure-volume relationships, and IR performance were established in subsets of sham (N = 27) and MI hearts (N = 41). IR was conducted in red-cell-perfused Langendorff hearts (60 minutes of low-flow ischemia; 30 minutes of reperfusion) during vehicle or angiotensin II infusions (10(-7) M). MI hearts were dilated and had reduced fractional shortening and blunted systolic elastance (p < 0.05). Despite systolic dysfunction in MI, functional recovery to IR was similar to sham. Angiotensin II significantly worsened IR performance in sham (p < 0.05), but not MI. The effect of angiotensin II on in vitro cardiomyocyte survival under various pH conditions was also tested. Acidosis increased cardiomyocyte death and angiotensin II potentiated this effect. We conclude that IR performance is similar between sham and MI hearts and that MI hearts are resistant to angiotensin II-induced cardiac dysfunction in response to IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mann
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Petriz BA, Almeida JA, Gomes CPC, Pereira RW, Murad AM, Franco OL. NanoUPLC/MS(E) proteomic analysis reveals modulation on left ventricle proteome from hypertensive rats after exercise training. J Proteomics 2014; 113:351-65. [PMID: 25451014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED NanoUPLC/MS(E) was used to verify the effects of 8weeks of low (SHR-LIT=4) and high (SHR-HIT=4) intensity training over the left ventricle proteome of hypertensive rats (SHR-C=4). Training enhanced the aerobic capacity and reduced the systolic blood pressure in all exercised rats. NanoUPLC/MS(E) identified 250 proteins, with 233 in common to all groups and 16 exclusive to SHR-C, 2 to SHR-LIT, and 2 to the SHR-HIT. Cardiac hypertrophy related proteins appeared only in SHR-C. The SHR-LIT enhanced the abundance of 30 proteins and diminished 6, while SHR-HIT enhanced the abundance of 39 proteins and reduced other 7. The levels of metabolic (β and γ-enolase, adenine phosphoribosultransferase, and cytochrome b-c1), myofibril (myosin light chain 4, tropomyosin α and β-chain), and transporter proteins (hemoglobin, serum albumin, and hemopexin) were increased by both intensities. Transcription regulator and histone variants were enhanced by SHR-LIT and SHR-HIT respectively. SHR-LIT reduced the concentration of myosin binding protein C, while desmin and membrane voltage dependent anion selective channel protein-3 were reduced only by SHR-HIT. In addition, polyubiquitin B and C, and transcription regulators decreased in both intensities. Exercise also increased the concentration of anti-oxidant proteins, peroxiredozin-6 and glutathione peroxidase-1. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Pathologic left ventricle hypertrophy if one of the major outcomes of hypertension being a strong predictor of heart failure. Among the various risk factors for cardiovascular disorders, arterial hypertension is responsible for the highest rates of mortality worldwide. In this way, this present study contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the attenuation of hypertension and the regression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo A Petriz
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil; UDF - Centro Universitário, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Jeeser A Almeida
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil; UDF - Centro Universitário, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Ceilândia-DF, Brazil
| | - Clarissa P C Gomes
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo W Pereira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - André M Murad
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia - Laboratório de Biologia Sintética, Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil; S-Inova, Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília-DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Andersen LJ, Randers MB, Hansen PR, Hornstrup T, Schmidt JF, Dvorak J, Søgaard P, Krustrup P, Bangsbo J. Structural and functional cardiac adaptations to 6 months of football training in untrained hypertensive men. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24 Suppl 1:27-35. [PMID: 24903081 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 3 and 6 months of regular football training on cardiac structure and function in hypertensive men. Thirty-one untrained males with mild-to-moderate hypertension were randomized 2:1 to a football training group (n = 20) and a control group receiving traditional recommendations on healthy lifestyle (n = 11). Cardiac measures were evaluated by echocardiography. The football group exhibited significant (P < 0.05) changes in cardiac dimensions and function after just 3 months: Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume increased from 104 ± 25 to 117 ± 29 mL. LV diastolic function improved measured as E/A ratio (1.15 ± 0.32 to 1.54 ± 0.38), early diastolic velocity, E' (11.0 ± 2.5 to 11.9 ± 2.6 cm/s), and isovolumetric relaxation time (74 ± 13 to 62 ± 13 ms). LV systolic function improved measured as longitudinal displacement (10.7 ± 2.1 to 12.1 ± 2.3 mm). Right ventricular function improved with respect to tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (21.8 ± 3.2 to 24.5 ± 3.7 mm). Arterial blood pressure decreased in both groups, but significantly more in the football training group. No significant changes were observed in the control group. In conclusion, short-term football training improves LV diastolic function in untrained men with mild-to-moderate arterial hypertension. Furthermore, it may improve longitudinal systolic function of both ventricles. The results suggest that football training has favorable effects on cardiac function in hypertensive men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Andersen
- Department of Cardiology, Roskilde Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of hypertension and exercise on cardiac proteome remodelling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:634132. [PMID: 24877123 PMCID: PMC4022191 DOI: 10.1155/2014/634132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricle hypertrophy is a common outcome of pressure overload stimulus closely associated with hypertension. This process is triggered by adverse molecular signalling, gene expression, and proteome alteration. Proteomic research has revealed that several molecular targets are associated with pathologic cardiac hypertrophy, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and isoproterenol. Several metabolic, contractile, and stress-related proteins are shown to be altered in cardiac hypertrophy derived by hypertension. On the other hand, exercise is a nonpharmacologic agent used for hypertension treatment, where cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise training is characterized by improvement in cardiac function and resistance against ischemic insult. Despite the scarcity of proteomic research performed with exercise, healthy and pathologic heart proteomes are shown to be modulated in a completely different way. Hence, the altered proteome induced by exercise is mostly associated with cardioprotective aspects such as contractile and metabolic improvement and physiologic cardiac hypertrophy. The present review, therefore, describes relevant studies involving the molecular characteristics and alterations from hypertensive-induced and exercise-induced hypertrophy, as well as the main proteomic research performed in this field. Furthermore, proteomic research into the effect of hypertension on other target-demerged organs is examined.
Collapse
|
21
|
Libonati JR. Is exercise really deleterious for the hypertensive heart? J Physiol 2013; 591:2225-2226. [PMID: 23588504 PMCID: PMC3634532 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
|
22
|
Working out the heart: functional remodeling by endurance exercise training. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 60:47-9. [PMID: 23579023 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
23
|
Carneiro-Júnior MA, Quintão-Júnior JF, Drummond LR, Lavorato VN, Drummond FR, da Cunha DNQ, Amadeu MA, Felix LB, de Oliveira EM, Cruz JS, Prímola-Gomes TN, Mill JG, Natali AJ. The benefits of endurance training in cardiomyocyte function in hypertensive rats are reversed within four weeks of detraining. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 57:119-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
De Araujo GG, Papoti M, De Barros Manchado-Gobatto F, De Mello MAR, Gobatto CA. Monitoring chronic physical stress using biomarkers, performance protocols and mathematical functions to identify physiological adaptations in rats. Lab Anim 2013; 47:36-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677212473715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to characterize the effects of monotonous training at lactate minimum (LM) intensity on aerobic and anaerobic performances; glycogen concentrations in the soleus muscle, the gastrocnemius muscle and the liver; and creatine kinase (CK), free fatty acids and glucose concentrations in rats. The rats were separated into trained ( n = 10), baseline ( n = 10) and sedentary ( n = 10) groups. The trained group was submitted to the following: 60 min/day, 6 day/week and intensity equivalent to LM during the 12-week training period. The training volume was reduced after four weeks according to a sigmoid function. The total CK (U/L) increased in the trained group after 12 weeks (742.0 ± 158.5) in comparison with the baseline (319.6 ± 40.2) and the sedentary (261.6 ± 42.2) groups. Free fatty acids and glycogen stores (liver, soleus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle) increased after 12 weeks of monotonous training but aerobic and anaerobic performances were unchanged in relation to the sedentary group. The monotonous training at LM increased the level of energy substrates, unchanged aerobic performance, reduced anaerobic capacity and increased the serum CK concentration; however, the rats did not achieve the predicted training volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Gomes De Araujo
- Laboratory of Sports Applied Physiology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), 13484-350, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Sports Science Research Group, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), 57072-970, Maceio, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- University of Sao Paulo (USP), 14040-900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Laboratory of Sports Applied Physiology, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), 13484-350, Limeira, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Marshall KD, Muller BN, Krenz M, Hanft LM, McDonald KS, Dellsperger KC, Emter CA. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: chronic low-intensity interval exercise training preserves myocardial O2 balance and diastolic function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 114:131-47. [PMID: 23104696 PMCID: PMC3544520 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01059.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported chronic low-intensity interval exercise training attenuates fibrosis, impaired cardiac mitochondrial function, and coronary vascular dysfunction in miniature swine with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (Emter CA, Baines CP. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 299: H1348-H1356, 2010; Emter CA, et al. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 301: H1687-H1694, 2011). The purpose of this study was to test two hypotheses: 1) chronic low-intensity interval training preserves normal myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance; and 2) training-dependent attenuation of LV fibrotic remodeling improves diastolic function in aortic-banded sedentary, exercise-trained (HF-TR), and control sedentary male Yucatan miniature swine displaying symptoms of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Pressure-volume loops, coronary blood flow, and two-dimensional speckle tracking ultrasound were utilized in vivo under conditions of increasing peripheral mean arterial pressure and β-adrenergic stimulation 6 mo postsurgery to evaluate cardiac function. Normal diastolic function in HF-TR animals was characterized by prevention of increased time constant of isovolumic relaxation, normal LV untwisting rate, and enhanced apical circumferential and radial strain rate. Reduced fibrosis, normal matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-4 mRNA expression, and increased collagen III isoform mRNA levels (P < 0.05) accompanied improved diastolic function following chronic training. Exercise-dependent improvements in coronary blood flow for a given myocardial oxygen consumption (P < 0.05) and cardiac efficiency (stroke work to myocardial oxygen consumption, P < 0.05) were associated with preserved contractile reserve. LV hypertrophy in HF-TR animals was associated with increased activation of Akt and preservation of activated JNK/SAPK. In conclusion, chronic low-intensity interval exercise training attenuates diastolic impairment by promoting compliant extracellular matrix fibrotic components and preserving extracellular matrix regulatory mechanisms, preserves myocardial oxygen balance, and promotes a physiological molecular hypertrophic signaling phenotype in a large animal model resembling heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt D Marshall
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
da Costa Rebelo RM, Schreckenberg R, Schlüter KD. Adverse cardiac remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats: acceleration by high aerobic exercise intensity. J Physiol 2012; 590:5389-400. [PMID: 22930266 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.241141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study it was hypothesized that voluntary aerobic exercise favours a pro-fibrotic phenotype and promotes adverse remodelling in hearts from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) in an angiotensin II-dependent manner. To test this, female SHRs at the age of 1 year were started to perform free running wheel exercise. Captopril was used to inhibit the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Normotensive rats and SHRs kept in regular cages were used as sedentary controls. Training intensity, expressed as mean running velocity, was positively correlated with the left ventricular mRNA expression of TGF-β(1), collagen-III and biglycan but negatively correlated with the ratio of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA)2a to Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX). A pro-fibrotic phenotype was verified by Picrosirius red staining. Sixty-seven per cent of SHRs performing free running wheel exercise died either spontaneously or had to be killed during a 6 month follow-up. In the presence of captopril, aerobic exercise did not show a similar positive correlation between training intensity and the expression of fibrotic markers. Moreover, in SHRs receiving captopril and performing free running wheel exercise, a training intensity-dependent reverse remodelling of the SERCA2a-to-NCX ratio was observed. None of these rats died spontaneously or had to be killed. In captopril-treated SHRs performing exercise, expression of mRNA for decorin, a natural inhibitor of TGF-β(1), was up-regulated. Despite these differences between SHR-training groups with and without captopril, positive training effects (lower resting heart rate and no progression of hypertension) were found in both groups. In conclusion, high aerobic exercise induces an angiotensin II-dependent adverse remodelling in chronic pressure overloaded hearts. However, high physical activity can potentially induce reverse remodelling in the presence of RAS inhibition.
Collapse
|
27
|
Libonati JR. Cardiac remodeling and function following exercise and angiotensin II receptor antagonism. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:3149-54. [PMID: 22143841 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to test the impact of chronic exercise training combined with selective angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonism on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the left-ventricular pressure-volume relationship in normotensive, non-infarcted rat hearts. Wistar rats (N = 19) were randomly assigned to either a sedentary control group (N = 8) or an exercise-trained group (N = 11). Losartan was administered to individually caged rats via the drinking water (10 mg/kg/d). Exercise training consisted of running on a motorized driven treadmill for 6 weeks at 30 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week. Tail cuff SBP was measured weekly. Left ventricular performance was assessed in an ex vivo Langendorff isovolumic mode. One week of losartan treatment significantly reduced SBP in both groups by 13% relative to baseline (P < 0.05). SBP was lower in exercise-trained animals versus sedentary animals in the later weeks of the protocol (P < 0.05) Body weight was significantly lower in exercise-trained animals versus sedentary animals, but heart weight, heart to body weight ratio, atrial weight, and absolute left ventricular mass and length were similar between groups. The LV systolic pressure-volume relationship (PV) and systolic elastance were significantly greater in exercise-trained animals versus sedentary controls (P < 0.05). The left ventricular end-diastolic PV and diastolic stiffness were similar between exercise-trained and sedentary animals. These data suggest that chronic aerobic exercise training can improve the Starling response in the presence of AT1 receptor blockade without altering absolute cardiac size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Libonati
- Biobehavioral and Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, 135 Claire M. Fagin Hall, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217, USA.
| |
Collapse
|