1
|
Khanmammadova N, Islam S, Sharma P, Amit M. Neuro-immune interactions and immuno-oncology. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:636-649. [PMID: 37258398 PMCID: PMC10524972 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The nervous system is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME), driving tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Neuronal cues (e.g., neurotransmitters and neuropeptides) in the TME cause phenotypic changes in immune cells, such as increased exhaustion and inhibition of effector cells, which promote immune evasion and cancer progression. Two types of immune regulation by tumor-associated nerves are discussed in this review: regulation via neuronal stimuli (i.e., by neural transmission) and checkpoint-mediated neuronal immune regulation. The latter occurs via the expression of immune checkpoints on the membranes of intratumoral nerves and glial cells. Here, we summarize novel findings regarding the neuroimmune circuits in the tumor milieu, while emphasizing the potential targets of new and affordable anticancer therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narmina Khanmammadova
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shajedul Islam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Padmanee Sharma
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Immunobiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takla M, Saadeh K, Tse G, Huang CLH, Jeevaratnam K. Ageing and the Autonomic Nervous System. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:201-252. [PMID: 37120470 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The vertebrate nervous system is divided into central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) components. In turn, the PNS is divided into the autonomic (ANS) and enteric (ENS) nervous systems. Ageing implicates time-related changes to anatomy and physiology in reducing organismal fitness. In the case of the CNS, there exists substantial experimental evidence of the effects of age on individual neuronal and glial function. Although many such changes have yet to be experimentally observed in the PNS, there is considerable evidence of the role of ageing in the decline of ANS function over time. As such, this chapter will argue that the ANS constitutes a paradigm for the physiological consequences of ageing, as well as for their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary Tse
- Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury, UK
- University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carnevale L, Perrotta M, Lembo G. A Focused Review of Neural Recording and Stimulation Techniques With Immune-Modulatory Targets. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689344. [PMID: 34646261 PMCID: PMC8502970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interactions established between the nervous and immune systems have been investigated for a long time. With the advent of small and portable devices to record and stimulate nerve activity, researchers from many fields began to be interested in how nervous activity can elicit immune responses and whether this activity can be manipulated to trigger specific immune responses. Pioneering works demonstrated the existence of a cholinergic inflammatory reflex, capable of controlling the systemic inflammatory response through a vagus nerve-mediated modulation of the spleen. This work inspired many different areas of technological and conceptual advancement, which are here reviewed to provide a concise reference for the main works expanding the knowledge on vagus nerve immune-modulatory capabilities. In these works the enabling technologies of peripheral nervous activity recordings were implemented and embody the current efforts aimed at controlling neural activity with modulating functions in immune response, both in experimental and clinical contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Carnevale
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Marialuisa Perrotta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Research Unit of Neuro and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, IRCCS Neuromed, Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imipramine improves visceral sensation and gut barrier in rat models of irritable bowel syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173565. [PMID: 32946869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
An impaired gut barrier, possibly leading to visceral hypersensitivity has been recently recognized to be one of the pivotal pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We previously showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), and repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) induce visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability via pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling (rat IBS models). Although the precise mechanisms of action are unclear, imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, improves IBS symptoms, and also has anticytokine properties. In this study, we hypothesized that imipramine improves the gut barrier to ameliorate IBS symptoms. To test this hypothesis, we determined its effects on visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability in rat IBS models. The visceral pain threshold in response to colonic balloon distention was electrophysiologically estimated by abdominal muscle contractions, and colonic permeability was measured by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue in colonic tissue in vivo. Subcutaneous imipramine injection (7, 20, 50 mg/kg) dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced (1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) visceral hypersensitivity and colonic hyperpermeability. Imipramine also blocked these gastrointestinal (GI) changes induced by CRF (50 μg/kg, intraperitoneally) or repeated WAS (1 h daily for 3 days). Yohimbine (an α2-adrenoceptors antagonist), sulpiride (a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist), and naloxone hydrochloride (an opioid receptor antagonist) reversed these effects of imipramine in the LPS model. Therefore, imipramine may block GI changes in IBS via α2-adrenoceptors, dopamine D2, and opioid signaling. The improvement in the gut barrier resulting in inhibition of visceral pain is considered a valid mechanism of imipramine to ameliorate IBS symptoms.
Collapse
|
5
|
Halawa AA, El-Adl MA, Marghani BH. Postmortem Heat Stress upregulates Thanatotranscriptome of Genes encode Inflammation, Apoptosis and Neuronal Stress in Brain of Rats at Short Postmortem Intervals. AUST J FORENSIC SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00450618.2019.1682669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Halawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Adl
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Basma H. Marghani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meng L, Bai X, Zheng Y, Chen D, Zheng Y. Altered expression of norepinephrine transporter participate in hypertension and depression through regulated TNF-α and IL-6. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:181-189. [PMID: 30957546 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1601205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aim: We explored the role of histone modification in the association of depression-hypertension by comparing norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene levels in different depression-hypertensive patients. Then, we analyzed the expression of NET correlation with inflammatory cytokines to provide a new direction for detecting the association mechanism between depression and hypertension.Methods: NE expression levels in serum of diverse groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Then histone acetyltransferase (HAT), histone deacetylase (HDAC), H3K27ac, NET, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by western blot in nine female subjects in different depression and hypertension groups, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction (Chip-PCR) were used to confirm the degree of acetylation affecting on the transcription level of NET gene. Meanwhile, correlation between NET with TNF/IL-6 was analyzed by SPSS19.0 software program. Finally, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot were used to detect TNF-α and IL-6 expression levels after NET overexpression or interference treatment in human umbilical vein endothelial cells and Neuro-2a cells.Results: The expression of HAT and H3K27ac had lower levels in D-H and nonD-H group than nonD-nonH group. The results showed that higher acetylation could promote expression of NET genes. Meanwhile, the expression of NET had a significant negative correlation with IL-6 (R = -0.933, p < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) (R = -0.817, p < 0.01) in subjects. In addition, the results confirmed that TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA and protein partial expressions could be inhibited by NET in both HUVECs and Neuronal cells (p < 0.01).Conclusion: In conclusion, differential expression of NET gene might function as an important factor in interaction between depression and hypertension by partially targeting TNF-α and IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Meng
- Department of Cadre Ward, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Bai
- Department of Cadre Ward, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Cadre Ward, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Perez SD, Molinaro CA, Tan L, ThyagaRajan S, Lorton D, Bellinger DL. Sympathetic neurotransmission in spleens from aging Brown-Norway rats subjected to reduced sympathetic tone. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:1-15. [PMID: 30195094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Senescence of innate and adaptive responses and low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) hallmarks normal aging, which increases vulnerability to infectious diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. In normal aging, sympathetic dysregulation contributes to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity and inflammaging. Sympathetic innervation of immune cells in secondary immune organs regulates immune responses. Previously in Fischer 344 (F344) rats, we reported an age-related increase in sympathetic tone and sympathetic dysfunction in beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling of splenic lymphocytes that contributes to immune senescence, although the responsible mechanisms remains unexplored. In this study, we extend our previous findings using the much longer-lived Brown-Norway (BN) rats, whose behavior and immune response profile differ strikingly from F344 rats. Here, we investigated whether increased sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in the aging spleen contributes to age-related sympathetic neuropathy and altered neurotransmission in splenic lymphocytes in BN rats. Fifteen-month male BN rats received 0, 0.5 or 1.5 μg/kg/day rilmenidine intraperitoneally for 90 days to lower sympathetic tone. Untreated young and age-matched rats controlled for effects of age. We found that elevated SNA in the aging BN rat spleen does not contribute significantly to sympathetic neuropathy or the aging-induced impairment of canonical β-AR signal transduction. Despite the rilmenidine-induced increase in β-AR expression, splenocyte c-AMP production was comparable with age-matched controls, thus dampening nerve activity had no effect on receptor coupling to adenylate cyclase. Understanding how aging affects neuroimmune regulation in healthy aging rodent models may eventually lead to strategies that improve health in aging populations vulnerable to immunosenescence and low-grade systemic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Perez
- Department of Biology, Washington Adventist University, MD, Virginia 20912, USA.
| | - Christine A Molinaro
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Laren Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| | - Srinivasan ThyagaRajan
- Integrative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, India.
| | - Dianne Lorton
- College of Arts and Sciences, Kent State University, Summa Health System, Akron, OH 44304, USA..
| | - Denise L Bellinger
- Department of Human Anatomy and Pathology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balivada S, Pawar HN, Montgomery S, Kenney MJ. Effect of ghrelin on regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge. Auton Neurosci 2016; 201:68-71. [PMID: 27554768 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin influences immune system function and modulates the sympathetic nervous system; however, the contribution of ghrelin to neural-immune interactions is not well-established because the effect of ghrelin on splenic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) is not known. This study tested the hypothesis that central ghrelin administration would inhibit splenic SND in anesthetized rats. Rats received intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of ghrelin (1nmol/kg) or aCSF. Lumbar SND recordings provided a non-visceral nerve control. The ICV ghrelin administration significantly increased splenic and lumbar SND, whereas mean arterial pressure (MAP) was not altered. These findings provide fundamental information regarding the nature of sympathetic-immune interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivasai Balivada
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Hitesh N Pawar
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States.
| | - Shawnee Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Michael J Kenney
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Heat stroke is a life-threatening condition clinically diagnosed as a severe elevation in body temperature with central nervous system dysfunction that often includes combativeness, delirium, seizures, and coma. Classic heat stroke primarily occurs in immunocompromised individuals during annual heat waves. Exertional heat stroke is observed in young fit individuals performing strenuous physical activity in hot or temperature environments. Long-term consequences of heat stroke are thought to be due to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in the identification of risk factors that predispose to heat stroke, the role of endotoxin and cytokines in mediation of multi-organ damage, the incidence of hypothermia and fever during heat stroke recovery, clinical biomarkers of organ damage severity, and protective cooling strategies. Risk factors include environmental factors, medications, drug use, compromised health status, and genetic conditions. The role of endotoxin and cytokines is discussed in the framework of research conducted over 30 years ago that requires reassessment to more clearly identify the role of these factors in the systemic inflammatory response syndrome. We challenge the notion that hypothalamic damage is responsible for thermoregulatory disturbances during heat stroke recovery and highlight recent advances in our understanding of the regulated nature of these responses. The need for more sensitive clinical biomarkers of organ damage is examined. Conventional and emerging cooling methods are discussed with reference to protection against peripheral organ damage and selective brain cooling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Leon
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abderrezak Bouchama
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center/King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Experimental Medicine Department-King Abdulaziz Medical City-Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McMurphy RM, Fels RJ, Kenney MJ. Dexmedetomidine and regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge in aged F344 rats. Auton Neurosci 2015; 190:53-7. [PMID: 25813893 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sedatives influence the immune system and centrally-acting alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonists, including Dexmedetomidine (Dex), modulate sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). Because sedatives are used under medical conditions that include elderly patients, and because advancing age attenuates SND responsivity to various interventions, we tested the hypothesis that splenic sympathoinhibitory responses to Dex would be attenuated in aged compared with young Fischer 344 rats. Dex-mediated reductions in splenic SND were similar in aged and young baroreceptor-intact and -denervated rats, indicating that SND changes to Dex administration occur in an age-independent manner. These findings provide new information regarding interactions between alpha2-adrenergic agonists, advanced age, and SND regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M McMurphy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - R J Fels
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - M J Kenney
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
The present review assesses the current state of literature defining integrative autonomic-immune physiological processing, focusing on studies that have employed electrophysiological, pharmacological, molecular biological, and central nervous system experimental approaches. Central autonomic neural networks are informed of peripheral immune status via numerous communicating pathways, including neural and non-neural. Cytokines and other immune factors affect the level of activity and responsivity of discharges in sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves innervating diverse targets. Multiple levels of the neuraxis contribute to cytokine-induced changes in efferent parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve outflows, leading to modulation of peripheral immune responses. The functionality of local sympathoimmune interactions depends on the microenvironment created by diverse signaling mechanisms involving integration between sympathetic nervous system neurotransmitters and neuromodulators; specific adrenergic receptors; and the presence or absence of immune cells, cytokines, and bacteria. Functional mechanisms contributing to the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway likely involve novel cholinergic-adrenergic interactions at peripheral sites, including autonomic ganglion and lymphoid targets. Immune cells express adrenergic and nicotinic receptors. Neurotransmitters released by sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings bind to their respective receptors located on the surface of immune cells and initiate immune-modulatory responses. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic arms of the autonomic nervous system are instrumental in orchestrating neuroimmune processes, although additional studies are required to understand dynamic and complex adrenergic-cholinergic interactions. Further understanding of regulatory mechanisms linking the sympathetic nervous, parasympathetic nervous, and immune systems is critical for understanding relationships between chronic disease development and immune-associated changes in autonomic nervous system function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Kenney
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dexmedetomidine and regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge. Auton Neurosci 2014; 183:111-5. [PMID: 24656574 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent lines of inquiry indicate that sedatives can influence the immune system, leading to the concept of sedative-induced immunomodulation. It has been hypothesized that sedatives may alter immune responses by modulating the sympathetic nervous system, however, little information is known regarding the effects of sedatives on regulation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), a significant omission based on the functional role that changes in splenic SND exert on splenic cytokine gene expression. The present investigation determined the effect of systemic Dexmedetomidine (Dex) administration on the level of directly-recorded splenic SND and tested the hypothesis that the intravenous administration of Dex would inhibit splenic SND in anesthetized rats. The present results demonstrate for the first time that intravenous Dex administration significantly reduces splenic sympathetic nerve outflow in baroreceptor-intact and sinoaortic-denervated rats, indicating that Dex administration alters the central regulation of splenic SND. The present results provide new information regarding the effect of a centrally-acting alpha2-adrenergic agonist on the level of sympathetic nerve outflow to a secondary lymphoid organ that plays a critical role in peripheral immune responses.
Collapse
|
13
|
The actions of hyperthermia on the autonomic nervous system: Central and peripheral mechanisms and clinical implications. Auton Neurosci 2012; 168:4-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
14
|
Takayama Y, Itoi M, Hamahashi T, Tsukamoto N, Mori K, Morishita D, Wada K, Amagai T. Moxibustion activates host defense against herpes simplex virus type I through augmentation of cytokine production. Microbiol Immunol 2010; 54:551-7. [PMID: 20840154 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2010.00250.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Moxibustion is a technique used in traditional oriental medicine, the aim of which is to cure and/or prevent illness by activating a person's ability for self-healing. In this study, we assessed how moxibustion would affect the immune system and whether it would augment protective immunity. Mice were treated with moxibustion at Zusanli (ST36) acupoints; we analyzed mortality and cytokine activity in sera after infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), and cytokine gene expression in the skin and the spleen without a virus challenge. Our study demonstrates that pretreatment of BALB/c mice with moxibustion resulted in a marked increase in the survival rate after infection with lethal doses of HSV-1, and elevated serum levels of IL-1β and IFN-γ on days 1 and 6 post-infection with HSV-1. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR assay showed that moxibustion treatment augmented the expression of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, universal-IFN-α, MIP-1α, and TNF-α mRNA in the skin, and IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-12p40, IL-15, u-IFN-α, MIP-1α, and TNF-α mRNA in the spleen. Moreover, moxibustion induces augmentation of natural killer cell activity. Collectively, our study demonstrates that moxibustion activates protective responses against HSV-1 infection through the activation of cytokine production including IFN, and of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Takayama
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Hiyoshi-cho, Nantan, Kyoto 629-0392, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ganta CK, Helwig BG, Blecha F, Ganta RR, Cober R, Parimi S, Musch TI, Fels RJ, Kenney MJ. Hypothermia-enhanced splenic cytokine gene expression is independent of the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291:R558-65. [PMID: 16469832 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00846.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Splenic nerve denervation abrogates enhanced splenic cytokine gene expression responses to acute heating, demonstrating that hyperthermia-induced activation of splenic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND) increases splenic cytokine gene expression. Hypothermia alters SND responses; however, the role of the sympathetic nervous system in mediating splenic cytokine gene expression responses to hypothermia is not known. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of hypothermia on the relationship between the sympathetic nervous system and splenic cytokine gene expression in anesthetized F344 rats. Gene expression analysis was performed using a microarray containing 112 genes, representing inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, cytokine/chemokine receptors and housekeeping genes. A subset of differentially expressed genes was verified by real-time RT-PCR analysis. Splenic SND was decreased significantly during cooling (core temperature decreased from 38 to 30 degrees C) in splenic-intact rats but remained unchanged in sham-cooled splenic-intact rats (core temperature maintained at 38 degrees C). Hypothermia upregulated the transcripts of several genes, including, chemokine ligands CCL2, CXCL2, CXCL10, and CCL20, and interleukins IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6. Gene expression responses to hypothermia were similar for the majority of cytokine genes in splenic-intact and splenic-denervated rats. These results suggest that hypothermia-enhanced splenic cytokine gene expression is independent of splenic SND.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanran K Ganta
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ganta CK, Lu N, Helwig BG, Blecha F, Ganta RR, Zheng L, Ross CR, Musch TI, Fels RJ, Kenney MJ. Central angiotensin II-enhanced splenic cytokine gene expression is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H1683-91. [PMID: 15908469 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00125.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that central angiotensin II (ANG II) administration would activate splenic sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), which in turn would alter splenic cytokine gene expression. Experiments were completed in sinoaortic nerve-lesioned, urethane-chloralose-anesthetized, splenic nerve-intact (splenic-intact) and splenic nerve-lesioned (splenic-denervated) Sprague-Dawley rats. Splenic cytokine gene expression was determined using gene-array and real-time RT-PCR analyses. Splenic SND was significantly increased after intracerebroventricular administration of ANG II (150 ng/kg, 10 microl), but not artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Splenic mRNA expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-2, and IL-16 genes was increased in ANG II-treated splenic-intact rats compared with aCSF-treated splenic-intact rats. Splenic IL-1beta, IL-2, and IL-6 gene expression responses to ANG II were significantly reduced in splenic-denervated compared with splenic-intact rats. Splenic gene expression responses did not differ significantly in ANG II-treated splenic-denervated and aCSF-treated splenic-intact rats. Splenic blood flow responses to intracerebroventricular ANG II administration did not differ between splenic-intact and splenic-denervated rats. These results provide experimental support for the hypothesis that ANG II modulates the immune system through activation of splenic SND, suggesting a novel relation between ANG II, efferent sympathetic nerve outflow, and splenic cytokine gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanran K Ganta
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|