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van den Boom R, Vergauwen L, Knapen D. Effects of Metabolic Disruption on Lipid Metabolism and Yolk Retention in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1880-1893. [PMID: 38860666 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
A subgroup of endocrine-disrupting chemicals have the ability to disrupt metabolism. These metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) can end up in aquatic environments and lead to adverse outcomes in fish. Although molecular and physiological effects of MDCs have been studied in adult fish, few studies have investigated the consequences of metabolic disruption in fish during the earliest life stages. To investigate the processes affected by metabolic disruption, zebrafish embryos were exposed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone, the PPARγ antagonist T0070907, and the well-known environmentally relevant MDC bisphenol A. Decreased apolipoprotein Ea transcript levels indicated disrupted lipid transport, which was likely related to the observed dose-dependent increases in yolk size across all compounds. Increased yolk size and decreased swimming activity indicate decreased energy usage, which could lead to adverse outcomes because the availability of energy reserves is essential for embryo survival and growth. Exposure to T0070907 resulted in a darkened yolk. This was likely related to reduced transcript levels of genes involved in lipid transport and fatty acid oxidation, a combination of responses that was specific to exposure to this compound, possibly leading to lipid accumulation and cell death in the yolk. Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) transcript levels were increased by rosiglitazone and T0070907, but this was not reflected in PON1 enzyme activities. The present study shows how exposure to MDCs can influence biochemical and molecular processes involved in early lipid metabolism and may lead to adverse outcomes in the earliest life stages of fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1880-1893. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik van den Boom
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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2
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George AJ, Birnbaum LS. Dioxins vs. PFAS: Science and Policy Challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:85003. [PMID: 39133093 PMCID: PMC11318569 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioxin-like chemicals are a group of ubiquitous environmental toxicants that received intense attention in the last two decades of the 20th century. Through extensive mechanistic research and validation, the global community has agreed upon a regulatory strategy for these chemicals that centers on their common additive activation of a single receptor. Applying these regulations has led to decreased exposure in most populations studied. As dioxin-like chemicals moved out of the limelight, research and media attention has turned to other concerning contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). During the 20th century, PFAS were also being quietly emitted into the environment, but only in the last 20 years have we realized the serious threat they pose to health. There is active debate about how to appropriately classify and regulate the thousands of known PFAS and finding a solution for these "forever chemicals" is of the utmost urgency. OBJECTIVES Here, we compare important features of dioxin-like chemicals and PFAS, including the history, mechanism of action, and effective upstream regulatory strategies, with the objective of gleaning insight from the past to improve strategies for addressing PFAS. DISCUSSION The differences between these two chemical classes means that regulatory strategies for dioxin-like chemicals will not be appropriate for PFAS. PFAS exert toxicity by both receptor-based and nonreceptor-based mechanisms, which complicates mixtures evaluation and stymies efforts to develop inexpensive assays that accurately capture toxicity. Furthermore, dioxin-like chemicals were unwanted byproducts, but PFAS are useful and valuable, which has led to intense resistance against efforts to restrict their production. Nonetheless, useful lessons can be drawn from dioxin-like chemicals and applied to PFAS, including eliminating nonessential production of new PFAS and proactive investment in environmental remediation to address their extraordinarily long environmental persistence. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP14449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J. George
- Integrated Toxicology and Environmental Health Program, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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3
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Smith DM, Liu BY, Wolfgang MJ. Rab30 facilitates lipid homeostasis during fasting. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4469. [PMID: 38796472 PMCID: PMC11127972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To facilitate inter-tissue communication and the exchange of proteins, lipoproteins, and metabolites with the circulation, hepatocytes have an intricate and efficient intracellular trafficking system regulated by small Rab GTPases. Here, we show that Rab30 is induced in the mouse liver by fasting, which is amplified in liver-specific carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 knockout mice (Cpt2L-/-) lacking the ability to oxidize fatty acids, in a Pparα-dependent manner. Live-cell super-resolution imaging and in vivo proximity labeling demonstrates that Rab30-marked vesicles are highly dynamic and interact with proteins throughout the secretory pathway. Rab30 whole-body, liver-specific, and Rab30; Cpt2 liver-specific double knockout (DKO) mice are viable with intact Golgi ultrastructure, although Rab30 deficiency in DKO mice suppresses the serum dyslipidemia observed in Cpt2L-/- mice. Corresponding with decreased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels, DKO mice exhibit decreased circulating but not hepatic ApoA4 protein, indicative of a trafficking defect. Together, these data suggest a role for Rab30 in the selective sorting of lipoproteins to influence hepatocyte and circulating triglyceride levels, particularly during times of excessive lipid burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Smith
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brian Y Liu
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael J Wolfgang
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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4
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Cheng S, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang N, Yan J, Jiang L, Cai W. Targeting GPX4-mediated Ferroptosis Alleviates Liver Steatosis in a Rat Model of Total Parenteral Nutrition. J Pediatr Surg 2024; 59:981-991. [PMID: 37968154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2023.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) is a common hepatobiliary complication resulting from long-term parenteral nutrition (PN) that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Ferroptosis plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. This study aims to explore the role of ferroptosis in PNALD and to uncover its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Ferroptosis was evaluated in pediatric patients with PNALD and in rats administered with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) as an animal model of PNALD. In TPN-fed rats, we applied liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) to inhibit ferroptosis for 7 days and assessed its impact on liver steatosis. We performed RNA-seq analysis to profile the alterations in miRNAs in livers from TPN-fed rats. The ferroptosis-promoting effects of miR-431 were evaluated in HepG2 cells and the direct targeting effects on glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were evaluated in HEK293T cells. RESULTS RNA-seq analysis and experimental validation suggested that ferroptosis was increased in the livers of pediatric patients and rats with PNALD. Inhibiting ferroptosis with Lip-1 attenuated liver steatosis by regulating PPARα expression. RNA-seq analysis uncovered miR-431 as the most upregulated miRNA in the livers of TPN-fed rats, showing a negative correlation with hepatic GPX4 expression. In vitro studies demonstrated that miR-431 promoted ferroptosis by directly binding to the 3'UTR of GPX4 mRNA, resulting in the suppression of its expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that TPN induces the upregulation of miR-431 in rats, leading to activation of ferroptosis through downregulation of GPX4. Inhibition of ferroptosis attenuates TPN-induced liver steatosis by regulating PPARα expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Cheng
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Junkai Yan
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
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Weatherly LM, Shane HL, Jackson LG, Lukomska E, Baur R, Cooper MP, Anderson SE. Systemic and immunotoxicity induced by topical application of perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in a murine model. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 186:114578. [PMID: 38458531 PMCID: PMC11406440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of stable synthetic surfactants that are incorporated into numerous products for their water and oil resistance and have been associated with adverse health effects. The present study evaluated the systemic and immunotoxicity of sub-chronic 28- or 10-day dermal exposure of PFHxS (0.625-5% or 15.63-125 mg/kg/dose) in a murine model. Elevated levels of PFHxS were detected in the serum and urine, suggesting that absorption is occurring through the dermal route. Liver weight (% body) significantly increased and spleen weight (% body) significantly decreased with PFHxS exposure, which was supported by histopathological changes. Additionally, PFHxS significantly reduced the humoral immune response and altered immune subsets in the spleen, suggesting immunosuppression. Gene expression changes were observed in the liver, skin, and spleen with genes involved in fatty acid metabolism, necrosis, and inflammation. Immune-cell phenotyping identified significant decreases in B-cells, NK cells, and CD11b+ monocyte/macrophages in the spleen along with increases in CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, NK cells, and neutrophils in the skin. These findings support dermal PFHxS-induced liver damage and immune suppression. Overall, data support PFHxS absorption through the skin and demonstrate immunotoxicity via this exposure route, suggesting the need for further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Weatherly
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Hillary L Shane
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Laurel G Jackson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ewa Lukomska
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Rachel Baur
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Madison P Cooper
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stacey E Anderson
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA
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6
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Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sahebkar A, Atkin SL, Jamialahmadi T. Effect of Fibrate Treatment on Circulating Adipokine Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102957. [PMID: 38266418 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibrates are widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia and associated metabolic abnormalities; however, their effects on adipokines are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This meta-analysis of clinical trials aimed to evaluate the effect of fibrates on circulating adipokine levels. METHODS Only randomized controlled trials investigating the impact/effect of fibrate treatment on circulating adipokine levels were included from searches in PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. A random effects model and the generic inverse variance method were used for the meta-analysis. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. RESULTS This meta-analysis of 22 clinical trials showed a significant reduction on/in leptin (WMD: -1.58 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.96, -0.20, p = 0.02, I2 = 0%), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) (WMD: -13.86 ng/mL, 95% CI: -26.70, -1.03, p = 0.03, I2 = 99%), and visfatin (WMD: -1.52 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.49, -0.56, p = 0.002, I2 = 0%) after fibrate therapy; no significant effect was observed on adiponectin (WMD: -0.69 µg/ml, 95% CI: -1.40, 0.02, p = 0.06, I2 = 83%) and resistin (WMD: -2.27 ng/mL, 95% CI: -7.11, 2.57, p = 0.36, I2 = 0%). The sensitivity analysis was robust only for visfatin, while the effect size was sensitive to one arm for leptin, four for adiponectin, and two for PAI-1. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed that fibrate treatment significantly improves adipokine levels with a decrease in leptin, PAI-1, and visfatin, suggesting potential additional clinical therapeutic benefits through/of fibrate treatment on adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Biomedical Research Unit, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico.
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Stephen L Atkin
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Schillemans T, Yan Y, Ribbenstedt A, Donat-Vargas C, Lindh CH, Kiviranta H, Rantakokko P, Wolk A, Landberg R, Åkesson A, Brunius C. OMICs Signatures Linking Persistent Organic Pollutants to Cardiovascular Disease in the Swedish Mammography Cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:1036-1047. [PMID: 38174696 PMCID: PMC10795192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) development may be linked to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including organochlorine compounds (OCs) and perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). To explore underlying mechanisms, we investigated metabolites, proteins, and genes linking POPs with CVD risk. We used data from a nested case-control study on myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke from the Swedish Mammography Cohort - Clinical (n = 657 subjects). OCs, PFAS, and multiomics (9511 liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolite features; 248 proteins; 8110 gene variants) were measured in baseline plasma. POP-related omics features were selected using random forest followed by Spearman correlation adjusted for confounders. From these, CVD-related omics features were selected using conditional logistic regression. Finally, 29 (for OCs) and 12 (for PFAS) unique features associated with POPs and CVD. One omics subpattern, driven by lipids and inflammatory proteins, associated with MI (OR = 2.03; 95% CI = 1.47; 2.79), OCs, age, and BMI, and correlated negatively with PFAS. Another subpattern, driven by carnitines, associated with stroke (OR = 1.55; 95% CI = 1.16; 2.09), OCs, and age, but not with PFAS. This may imply that OCs and PFAS associate with different omics patterns with opposite effects on CVD risk, but more research is needed to disentangle potential modifications by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Schillemans
- Cardiovascular
and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Yingxiao Yan
- Food
and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Anton Ribbenstedt
- Food
and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Carolina Donat-Vargas
- Cardiovascular
and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
- Barcelona
Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona 08036, Spain
| | - Christian H. Lindh
- Division
of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Department
of Health Security, National Institute for
Health and Welfare, Kuopio 70701, Finland
| | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department
of Health Security, National Institute for
Health and Welfare, Kuopio 70701, Finland
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Cardiovascular
and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Food
and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Department
of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Cardiovascular
and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Carl Brunius
- Food
and Nutrition Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Chalmers
Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Medical
Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 05, Sweden
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Xiao L, Liang C, Gao J, Wang Y, Guo Y, Chen K, Jia X. Cefminox sodium alleviates the high-fat high-sugar-fed mice's hepatic fatty accumulation via multiple pathways. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21973. [PMID: 38027801 PMCID: PMC10658294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) starves for effective therapy, but no agent has been approved yet. We sought to evaluate the therapy of cefminox sodium (CMNX) on fatty accumulation in animal and cell models and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that CMNX reduced the gain of the liver and alleviated fatty accumulation both in high-fat high-sugar diet (HFHSD) mice's livers and WRL-68 cells. In HFHSD mice's livers and FFAs exposure hepatic cells, ACC1, SREBP-1c, and CYP2E1 were enhanced expression, which were reversed by CMNX treatment. In addition, PPARγ, PPARα, PCK1, and ACSL4 expressions were increased in CMNX-treated WRL-68 cells. These findings suggest that CMNX improves fatty accumulation in HFHSD mice/hepatic cells by restraining fatty acid synthesis and facilitating fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leming Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengrui Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanzi Guo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Traditional University, Xianyang, China
| | - Kan Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Jia
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Dong J, Du C, Xu C, Wang Q, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Lv X, Zhang L, Li J, Huang C, Wang H, Ma T. Verbenalin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in alcohol-associated steatohepatitis by regulating MDMX/PPARα-mediated ferroptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116227. [PMID: 36739928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Verbenalin is a major compound in Verbena officinalis L. Verbena officinalis L was first recorded in the 'Supplementary Records of Famous Physicians.' Verbenalin (VE) is its active constituent and has been found to have many biological effects, including anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, removing jaundice, and treating malaria. It could treat lump accumulation, dysmenorrhea, throat obstruction, edema, jaundice, and malaria. Palmitic acid (PA), oleic acid (OA), ethanol, and acetaminophen liver injuries have been proven to benefit from verbenalin. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the effects of verbenalin on the prevention of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH) through the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction by regulating MDMX (Murine double minute X)/PPARα (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha)-mediated ferroptosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice treated with alcohol followed by the Gao-Binge protocol were administered verbenalin by gavage simultaneously. The mitochondrial mass and morphology were visualized using TEM. AML-12 cells were stimulated with ethanol to mimic ASH in vitro. Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and kit determination were simultaneously performed. The target protein of verbenalin was identified by molecular docking, and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) further confirmed its interactions. RESULTS Verbenalin alleviates oxidative stress and ferroptosis in alcohol-associated steatohepatitis. To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which verbenalin inhibits abnormal mitochondrial dysfunction, molecular docking was performed, and MDMX was identified as the target protein of verbenalin. CETSA assays revealed a specific interaction between MDMX and verbenalin. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that PPARα played a critical role in promoting the ability of MDMX to affect ferroptosis. Verbenalin regulates MDMX/PPARα-mediated ferroptosis in AML-12 cells. CONCLUSION Verbenalin regulates ferroptosis and highlights the therapeutic potential of verbenalin and ferroptosis inhibition in reducing alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Changlin Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Chuanting Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhonghao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jun Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Taotao Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granule, Anhui Medical University, China.
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10
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Meyer-Lindemann U, Moggio A, Dutsch A, Kessler T, Sager HB. The Impact of Exercise on Immunity, Metabolism, and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3394. [PMID: 36834808 PMCID: PMC9967592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise represents an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy beneficially modifying the course of multiple diseases. The protective mechanisms of exercise are manifold; primarily, they are elicited by alterations in metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Exercise intensity and duration strongly influence the provoked response. This narrative review aims to provide comprehensive up-to-date insights into the beneficial effects of physical exercise by illustrating the impact of moderate and vigorous exercise on innate and adaptive immunity. Specifically, we describe qualitative and quantitative changes in different leukocyte subsets while distinguishing between acute and chronic exercise effects. Further, we elaborate on how exercise modifies the progression of atherosclerosis, the leading cause of death worldwide, representing a prime example of a disease triggered by metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Here, we describe how exercise counteracts causal contributors and thereby improves outcomes. In addition, we identify gaps that still need to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Meyer-Lindemann
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Aldo Moggio
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Dutsch
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- DZHK e.V. (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
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11
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Network Pharmacological Analysis of a New Herbal Combination Targeting Hyperlipidemia and Efficacy Validation In Vitro. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1314-1332. [PMID: 36826031 PMCID: PMC9955970 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The network pharmacology (NP) approach is a valuable novel methodology for understanding the complex pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal herbs. In addition, various in silico analysis techniques combined with the NP can improve the understanding of various issues used in natural product research. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of Arum ternata (AT), Poria cocos (PC), and Zingiber officinale (ZO) on hyperlipidemia after network pharmacologic analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of forty-one key targets was analyzed to discover core functional clusters of the herbal compounds. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis identified significant categories of hypolipidemic mechanisms. The STITCH database indicated a high connection with several statin drugs, deduced by the similarity in targets. AT, PC, and ZO regulated the genes related to the energy metabolism and lipogenesis in HepG2 cells loaded with free fatty acids (FFAs). Furthermore, the mixture of three herbs had a combinational effect. The herbal combination exerted superior efficacy compared to a single herb, particularly in regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). In conclusion, the network pharmacologic approach was used to assess potential targets of the herbal combination for treatment. Experimental data from FFA-induced HepG2 cells suggested that the combination of AT, PC, and ZO might attenuate hyperlipidemia and its associated hepatic steatosis.
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12
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Musazadeh V, Karimi A, Malekahmadi M, Ahrabi SS, Dehghan P. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: An umbrella systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:327-334. [PMID: 36692292 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
There has been conflicting evidence from meta-analyses on the effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Therefore, in this umbrella meta-analysis, we are evaluating whether omega-3 PUFA supplementation has any benefit in treating NAFLD. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar were assessed to October 2022. This meta-analysis included all meta-analyses that examined the effect of PUFAs on liver fat and liver function tests [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)]. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also performed. In total, eight articles involving 6,561 participants met the eligibility criteria. Advantageous impacts PUFA supplementation were observed on ALT (ESWMD = -6.72 IU/L; 95% CI: -8.61, -4.84; p < 0.001, and ESSMD = -0.52 IU/L; 95% CI: -0.84, -0.20, p < 0.001), AST (ESWMD = -3.73 IU/L, 95% CI: -5.93, -1.53, p < 0.001, and ESSMD = -0.65 IU/L; 95% CI: -1.08, -0.22, p = 0.003), GGT levels (ESWMD = -4.20 IU/L, 95% CI: -6.85, -1.55, p = 0.002), and liver fat (ESWMD = -5.16; 95% CI: -8.49, -1.82, p < 0.001). Intervention with omega-3 PUFAs improves ALT, AST, GGT, and liver fat in patients with NAFLD. Thus, omega-3 PUFAs could be considered as a therapeutic option in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Nutrition Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sana Sedgh Ahrabi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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13
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The lipid flippase SLC47A1 blocks metabolic vulnerability to ferroptosis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7965. [PMID: 36575162 PMCID: PMC9794750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35707-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of regulated necrosis caused by unrestricted lipid peroxidation and subsequent plasma membrane rupture. However, the lipid remodeling mechanism that determines sensitivity to ferroptosis remains poorly understood. Here, we report a previously unrecognized role for the lipid flippase solute carrier family 47 member 1 (SLC47A1) as a regulator of lipid remodeling and survival during ferroptosis. Among 49 phospholipid scramblases, flippases, and floppases we analyzed, only SLC47A1 had mRNA that was selectively upregulated in multiple cancer cells exposed to ferroptotic inducers. Large-scale lipidomics and functional analyses revealed that the silencing of SLC47A1 increased RSL3- or erastin-induced ferroptosis by favoring ACSL4-SOAT1-mediated production of polyunsaturated fatty acid cholesterol esters. We identified peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) as a transcription factor that transactivates SLC47A1. The depletion of PPARA and SLC47A1 similarly sensitized cells to ferroptosis induction, whereas transfection-enforced re-expression of SLC47A1 restored resistance to ferroptosis in PPARA-deficient cells. Pharmacological or genetic blockade of the PPARA-SLC47A1 pathway increased the anticancer activity of a ferroptosis inducer in mice. These findings establish a direct molecular link between ferroptosis and lipid transporters, which may provide metabolic targets for overcoming drug resistance.
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14
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Mandal A. The Focus on Core Genetic Factors That Regulate Hepatic Injury in Cattle Seems to be Important for the Dairy Sector’s Long-Term Development. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cattle during the perinatal period, as well as malnutrition, generate oxidative stress which leads to high culling rates of calves after calving across the world. Although metabolic diseases have such a negative impact on the welfare and economic value of dairy cattle, that becomes a serious industrial concern across the world. According to research, genetic factors have a role or controlling fat deposition in the liver by influencing the biological processes of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to hepatic damage. This review focuses on the critical regulatory mechanisms of VEGF, mTOR/AKT/p53, TNF-alpha, Nf-kb, interleukin, and antioxidants that regulate lipid peroxidation in the liver via direct or indirect pathways, suggesting that they could be a potential critical therapeutic target for hepatic disease.
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15
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Greco LA, Reay WR, Dayas CV, Cairns MJ. Pairwise genetic meta-analyses between schizophrenia and substance dependence phenotypes reveals novel association signals with pharmacological significance. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:403. [PMID: 36151087 PMCID: PMC9508072 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost half of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia also present with a substance use disorder, however, little is known about potential molecular mechanisms underlying this comorbidity. We used genetic analyses to enhance our understanding of the molecular overlap between these conditions. Our analyses revealed a positive genetic correlation between schizophrenia and the following dependence phenotypes: alcohol (rg = 0.368, SE = 0.076, P = 1.61 × 10-6), cannabis use disorder (rg = 0.309, SE = 0.033, P = 1.97 × 10-20) and nicotine (rg = 0.117, SE = 0.043, P = 7.0 × 10-3), as well as drinks per week (rg = 0.087, SE = 0.021, P = 6.36 × 10-5), cigarettes per day (rg = 0.11, SE = 0.024, P = 4.93 × 10-6) and life-time cannabis use (rg = 0.234, SE = 0.029, P = 3.74 × 10-15). We further constructed latent causal variable (LCV) models to test for partial genetic causality and found evidence for a potential causal relationship between alcohol dependence and schizophrenia (GCP = 0.6, SE = 0.22, P = 1.6 × 10-3). This putative causal effect with schizophrenia was not seen using a continuous phenotype of drinks consumed per week, suggesting that distinct molecular mechanisms underlying dependence are involved in the relationship between alcohol and schizophrenia. To localise the specific genetic overlap between schizophrenia and substance use disorders (SUDs), we conducted a gene-based and gene-set pairwise meta-analysis between schizophrenia and each of the four individual substance dependence phenotypes in up to 790,806 individuals. These bivariate meta-analyses identified 44 associations not observed in the individual GWAS, including five shared genes that play a key role in early central nervous system development. The results from this study further supports the existence of underlying shared biology that drives the overlap in substance dependence in schizophrenia, including specific biological systems related to metabolism and neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Greco
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - William R Reay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Christopher V Dayas
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray J Cairns
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
- Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Evans N, Conley JM, Cardon M, Hartig P, Medlock-Kakaley E, Gray LE. In vitro activity of a panel of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), fatty acids, and pharmaceuticals in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha, PPAR gamma, and estrogen receptor assays. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 449:116136. [PMID: 35752307 PMCID: PMC9341220 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Data demonstrate numerous per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), however, additional work is needed to characterize PFAS activity on PPAR gamma (PPARγ) and other nuclear receptors. We utilized in vitro assays with either human or rat PPARα or PPARγ ligand binding domains to evaluate 16 PFAS (HFPO-DA, HFPO-DA-AS, NBP2, PFMOAA, PFHxA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFOS, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOSA, EtPFOSA, and 4:2, 6:2 and 8:2 FTOH), 3 endogenous fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, and octanoic), and 3 pharmaceuticals (WY14643, clofibrate, and the metabolite clofibric acid). We also tested chemicals for human estrogen receptor (hER) transcriptional activation. Nearly all compounds activated both PPARα and PPARγ in both human and rat ligand binding domain assays, except for the FTOH compounds and PFOSA. Receptor activation and relative potencies were evaluated based on effect concentration 20% (EC20), top percent of max fold induction (pmaxtop), and area under the curve (AUC). HFPO-DA and HFPO-DA-AS were the most potent (lowest EC20, highest pmaxtop and AUC) of all PFAS in rat and human PPARα assays, being slightly less potent than oleic and linoleic acid, while NBP2 was the most potent in rat and human PPARγ assays. Only PFHxS, 8:2 and 6:2 FTOH exhibited hER agonism >20% pmax. In vitro measures of human and rat PPARα and PPARγ activity did not correlate with oral doses or serum concentrations of PFAS that induced increases in male rat liver weight from the National Toxicology Program 28-d toxicity studies. Data indicate that both PPARα and PPARγ activation may be molecular initiating events that contribute to the in vivo effects observed for many PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Evans
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment/Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Justin M Conley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment/Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Mary Cardon
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment/Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Phillip Hartig
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment/Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Medlock-Kakaley
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment/Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - L Earl Gray
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Research & Development/Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment/Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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17
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Xing G, Meng L, Cao S, Liu S, Wu J, Li Q, Huang W, Zhang L. PPARα alleviates iron overload-induced ferroptosis in mouse liver. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52280. [PMID: 35703725 PMCID: PMC9346473 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron‐dependent form of non‐apoptotic cell death implicated in liver, brain, kidney, and heart pathology. How ferroptosis is regulated remains poorly understood. Here, we show that PPARα suppresses ferroptosis by promoting the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and by inhibiting the expression of the plasma iron carrier TRF. PPARα directly induces Gpx4 expression by binding to a PPRE element within intron 3. PPARα knockout mice develop more severe iron accumulation and ferroptosis in the liver when fed a high‐iron diet than wild‐type mice. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) triggers ferroptosis via Fenton reactions and ROS accumulation. We further find that a rhodamine‐based "turn‐on" fluorescent probe(probe1) is suitable for the in vivo detection of Fe2+. Probe1 displays high selectivity towards Fe2+, and exhibits a stable response for Fe2+ with a concentration of 20 μM in tissue. Our data thus show that PPARα activation alleviates iron overload‐induced ferroptosis in mouse livers through Gpx4 and TRF, suggesting that PPARα may be a promising therapeutic target for drug discovery in ferroptosis‐related tissue injuries. Moreover, we identified a fluorescent probe that specifically labels ferrous ions and can be used to monitor Fe2+in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihua Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyao Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shenghui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lisheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine/College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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18
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Li Z, Zhao W, Shang L, Mosley TH, Kardia SLR, Smith JA, Zhou X. METRO: Multi-ancestry transcriptome-wide association studies for powerful gene-trait association detection. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:783-801. [PMID: 35334221 PMCID: PMC9118130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and gene expression studies in the form of a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) has the potential to better elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying disease etiology. Here we present a method, METRO, that can leverage gene expression data collected from multiple genetic ancestries to enhance TWASs. METRO incorporates expression prediction models constructed in different genetic ancestries through a likelihood-based inference framework, producing calibrated p values with substantially improved TWAS power. We illustrate the benefits of METRO in both simulations and applications to seven complex traits and diseases obtained from four GWASs. These GWASs include two of primarily European ancestry (n = 188,577 and 339,226) and two of primarily African ancestry (n = 42,752 and 23,827). In the real data applications, we leverage gene expression data measured on 1,032 African Americans and 801 European Americans from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study to identify a substantially larger number of gene-trait associations as compared to existing TWAS approaches. The benefits of METRO are most prominent in applications to GWASs of African ancestry where the sample size is much smaller than GWASs of European ancestry and where a more powerful TWAS method is crucial. Among the identified associations are high-density lipoprotein-associated genes including PLTP and PPARG that are critical for maintaining lipid homeostasis and the type II diabetes-associated gene MAPT that supports microtubule-associated protein tau as a key component underlying impaired insulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lulu Shang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Memory Impairment and Neurodegenerative Dementia (MIND) Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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19
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Cortez-Navarrete M, Méndez-Del Villar M, Martínez-Abundis E, López-Murillo LD, Escobedo-Gutiérrez MDJ, Rosales-Rivera LY, Pérez-Rubio KG. Effect of Momordica charantia Administration on Anthropometric Measures and Metabolic Profile in Patients with Obesity: A Pilot Clinical Trial. J Med Food 2022; 25:645-651. [PMID: 35507955 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Momordica charantia (MC) administration on anthropometric measures in patients with obesity. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot clinical trial was carried out in 24 patients with obesity. Twelve patients randomly received MC (2000 mg/day) for 12 weeks, and 12 patients received placebo. Body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, as well as clinical and laboratory determinations, were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results showed that while reductions in BW, BMI, WC, and body fat percentage were observed in the MC group, these differences did not reach statistical significance. Significant decreases in triglycerides (TG) (1.9 ± 0.6 mM vs. 1.7 ± 0.7 mM, P ≤ .05) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) (0.4 ± 0.1 mM vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 mM, P ≤ .05) levels were found after the intervention with MC. In contrast, significant increases in BW (83.0 ± 10.7 kg vs. 84.6 ± 9.1 kg, P ≤ .05) and BMI (31.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2 vs. 33.0 ± 1.3 kg/m2, P ≤ .05) were observed in the placebo group. In conclusion, no significant reductions in BW, BMI, WC, and body fat percentage were observed after MC administration; however, MC significantly decreased TG and VLDL levels. The protocol was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier NCT04916379.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Cortez-Navarrete
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miriam Méndez-Del Villar
- Multidisciplinary Health Research Center, Biomedical Sciences Department, University Center of Tonala, University of Guadalajara, Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Martínez-Abundis
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis D López-Murillo
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miriam de J Escobedo-Gutiérrez
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lizet Y Rosales-Rivera
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina G Pérez-Rubio
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics, Department of Physiology, Health Science University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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20
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Li B, Li J, Hu S. Cinnamon could improve hepatic steatosis caused by a high-fat diet via enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative damage, and inflammation in male rats. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14077. [PMID: 35246859 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a health and medical problem and is known as the accumulation of fat that increases the risk of cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and infertility. Cinnamon is a spice that is used mainly as a flavoring additive and folk remedies to treat diabetes. Molecular mechanisms of its effects on hepatic lipogenesis and beta-oxidation, inflammation, and oxidative damage are not fully understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the protective and therapeutic effect of different doses of cinnamon in obese male rats. Forty-eight adult male Wister rats were randomly assigned into eight controlled and treated groups. Serum levels of lipid, glucose, and insulin profiles were measured along with liver levels of antioxidant enzymes, MDA and TNF-α. Hepatic expression of genes involved in beta-oxidation, lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation was also evaluated. Hepatic levels of oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers and serum levels of glucose, liver enzymes, insulin, and lipid profiles increased significantly in obese rats. Moreover, hepatic expression of SREBP-1c and NF-κB increased, and PPAR-alpha, CD36, FAS, CPT-1, and Nrf-2 decreased in obese rats. However, pretreatment and treatment with different doses of cinnamon in obese rats could significantly ameliorate them in obese rats. It can be concluded that cinnamon could improve hepatic steatosis caused by a high-fat diet via enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative damage, and inflammation in male rats. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity as a medical and psychiatric problem is seen in more than a third of the world's population. Obesity leads to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and in some cases even death. Cinnamon as a spice and folk remedy has long been used as a treatment for obesity and liver disease. Cinnamon has received a great of attention from the past to the present due to its pharmacological properties and in addition to its availability, cheapness and low side effects. Cinnamon can prevent dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative damage, and inflammation by modulating multiple signaling pathways. Our results showed that cinnamon could improve hepatic steatosis caused by HFD via enhancing hepatic beta-oxidation and inhibiting hepatic lipogenesis, oxidative damage, and inflammation. Therefore, it can be recommended that cinnamon and its products can be used as a very suitable option for the production of pharmaceutical supplements for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baicheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuwen Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Tsai YE, Chen YH, Sun CA, Chung CH, Chien WC, Chien KH. Relationship between Using Fibrate and Open-Angle Glaucoma in Hyperlipidemic Patients: A Population-Based Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19042415. [PMID: 35206602 PMCID: PMC8872131 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19042415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the associated risk between using fibrate and open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in hyperlipidemic patients from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). Methods: We collected data over a 16-year period from the NHIRD, and used the Fisher’s exact test and Pearson chi-square test to analyze variables. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were used to examine the risk factors for disease development. We applied Kaplan–Meier analysis to compare the cumulative incidence of OAG. Results: A total of 10,011 patients using fibrate were enrolled in the study cohort, and 40,044 patients not using fibrate were enrolled in the control cohort. The incidence of OAG was lower in the study cohort than in the control cohort (aHR = 0.624, p = 0.007). The overall incidence of OAG was 463.02 per 100,000 person-years in the study cohort and 573.65 per 100,000 person-years in the control cohort. We used the Kaplan–Meier method to calculate the cumulative risk of developing OAG. The results revealed that after using fibrate for over seven years, the study cohort had a greatly lower rate of developing OAG than the control cohort (log-rank test p = 0.050). Conclusions: Our studies showed that using fibrate for over seven years may lead to a lower risk of OAG in patients with hyperlipidemia. Nevertheless, further prospective studies that comprehensively investigate the relationship between using fibrate and OAG are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-En Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 802, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
- Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (K.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3311 (W.-C.C. & K.-H.C.); Fax: +886-2-8792-7235 (W.-C.C.); +886-2-8792-7104 (K.-H.C.)
| | - Ke-Hung Chien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (W.-C.C.); (K.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-2-8792-3311 (W.-C.C. & K.-H.C.); Fax: +886-2-8792-7235 (W.-C.C.); +886-2-8792-7104 (K.-H.C.)
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22
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Zugravu CA, Bohiltea RE, Salmen T, Pogurschi E, Otelea MR. Antioxidants in Hops: Bioavailability, Health Effects and Perspectives for New Products. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020241. [PMID: 35204124 PMCID: PMC8868281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hop plant (Humulus lupulus L.) has been used by humans for ages, presumably first as a herbal remedy, then in the manufacturing of different products, from which beer is the most largely consumed. Female hops cones have different useful chemical compounds, an important class being antioxidants, mainly polyphenols. This narrative review describes the main antioxidants in hops, their bioavailability and biological effects, and the results obtained by now in the primary and secondary prevention of several non-communicable diseases, such as the metabolic syndrome related diseases and oncology. This article presents in vitro and in vivo data in order to better understand what was accomplished in terms of knowledge and practice, and what needs to be clarified by additional studies, mainly regarding xantohumol and its derivates, as well as regarding the bitter acids of hops. The multiple protective effects found by different studies are hindered up to now by the low bioavailability of some of the main antioxidants in hops. However, there are new promising products with important health effects and perspectives of use as food supplements, in a market where consumers increasingly search for products originating directly from plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina-Aurelia Zugravu
- Department of Hygiene and Ecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Roxana-Elena Bohiltea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Prof. Dr. N.C.Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-743526731
| | - Elena Pogurschi
- Faculty of Animal Productions Engineering and Management, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 57 Marasti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania; or
| | - Marina Ruxandra Otelea
- Clinical Department 5, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050463 Bucharest, Romania; or
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23
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Migdał M, Tralle E, Nahia KA, Bugajski Ł, Kędzierska KZ, Garbicz F, Piwocka K, Winata CL, Pawlak M. Multi-omics analyses of early liver injury reveals cell-type-specific transcriptional and epigenomic shift. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:904. [PMID: 34920711 PMCID: PMC8684102 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing response to tissue injury and inflammation hallmarked by the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein deposition in the liver parenchyma and tissue remodelling. Different cell types of the liver are known to play distinct roles in liver injury response. Hepatocytes and liver endothelial cells receive molecular signals indicating tissue injury and activate hepatic stellate cells which produce ECM proteins upon their activation. Despite the growing knowledge on the molecular mechanism underlying hepatic fibrosis in general, the cell-type-specific gene regulatory network associated with the initial response to hepatotoxic injury is still poorly characterized. Results In this study, we used thioacetamide (TAA) to induce hepatic injury in adult zebrafish. We isolated three major liver cell types - hepatocytes, endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells - and identified cell-type-specific chromatin accessibility and transcriptional changes in an early stage of liver injury. We found that TAA induced transcriptional shifts in all three cell types hallmarked by significant alterations in the expression of genes related to fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as immune response-associated and vascular-specific genes. Interestingly, liver endothelial cells exhibit the most pronounced response to liver injury at the transcriptome and chromatin level, hallmarked by the loss of their angiogenic phenotype. Conclusion Our results uncovered cell-type-specific transcriptome and epigenome responses to early stage liver injury, which provide valuable insights into understanding the molecular mechanism implicated in the early response of the liver to pro-fibrotic signals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08173-1.
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24
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Nolte W, Weikard R, Albrecht E, Hammon HM, Kühn C. Metabogenomic analysis to functionally annotate the regulatory role of long non-coding RNAs in the liver of cows with different nutrient partitioning phenotype. Genomics 2021; 114:202-214. [PMID: 34923089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) hold gene regulatory potential, but require substantial further functional annotation in livestock. Applying two metabogenomic approaches by combining transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, we aimed to identify lncRNAs with potential regulatory function for divergent nutrient partitioning of lactating crossbred cows and to establish metabogenomic interaction networks comprising metabolites, genes and lncRNAs. Through correlation analysis of lncRNA expression with transcriptomic and metabolomic data, we unraveled lncRNAs that have a putative regulatory role in energy and lipid metabolism, the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles, and gluconeogenesis. Especially FGF21, which correlated with a plentitude of differentially expressed genes, differentially abundant metabolites, as well as lncRNAs, suggested itself as a key metabolic regulator. Notably, lncRNAs in close physical proximity to coding-genes as well as lncRNAs with natural antisense transcripts appear to perform a fine-tuning function in gene expression involved in metabolic pathways associated with different nutrient partitioning phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wietje Nolte
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Weikard
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Harald M Hammon
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner", Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Christa Kühn
- Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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25
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Andersen ME, Hagenbuch B, Apte U, Corton JC, Fletcher T, Lau C, Roth WL, Staels B, Vega GL, Clewell HJ, Longnecker MP. Why is elevation of serum cholesterol associated with exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans? A workshop report on potential mechanisms. Toxicology 2021; 459:152845. [PMID: 34246716 PMCID: PMC9048712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of cholesterol are positively correlated with exposure to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) in humans. The associated change in cholesterol is small across a broad range of exposure to PFOA and PFOS. Animal studies generally have not indicated a mechanism that would account for the association in humans. The extent to which the relationship is causal is an open question. Nonetheless, the association is of particular importance because increased serum cholesterol has been considered as an endpoint to derive a point of departure in at least one recent risk assessment. To gain insight into potential mechanisms for the association, both causal and non-causal, an expert workshop was held Oct 31 and Nov 1, 2019 to discuss relevant data and propose new studies. In this report, we summarize the relevant background data, the discussion among the attendees, and their recommendations for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Hagenbuch
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd - MS 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd - MS 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - J Christopher Corton
- Advanced Experimental Toxicology Models Branch, Biomolecular and Computational Toxicology Division, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., MD B105-03, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Tony Fletcher
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Christopher Lau
- Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology Branch, Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Mail Code B105-04, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - William L Roth
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Retired), Numerical Animals, 16005 Frontier Rd., Reno, NV 89508, USA.
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59019 Lille, France.
| | - Gloria L Vega
- Center for Human Nutrition, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9052, USA.
| | - Harvey J Clewell
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., 3214 Charles B. Root Wynd, Suite 130, Raleigh, NC 27612, USA.
| | - Matthew P Longnecker
- Ramboll US Consulting, Inc., 3214 Charles B. Root Wynd, Suite 130, Raleigh, NC 27612, USA.
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Mal S, Dwivedi AR, Kumar V, Kumar N, Kumar B, Kumar V. Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Different Disease States: Recent Updates. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3193-3215. [PMID: 32674727 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200716113136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a ligand dependant transcription factor, is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. PPAR exists in three isoforms i.e. PPAR alpha (PPARα), PPAR beta (PPARβ), and PPAR gamma (PPARγ). These are multi-functional transcription factors and help in regulating inflammation, type 2 diabetes, lipid concentration in the body, metastasis, and tumor growth or angiogenesis. Activation of PPARγ causes inhibition of growth of cultured human breast, gastric, lung, prostate, and other cancer cells. PPARγ is mainly involved in fatty acid storage, glucose metabolism, and homeostasis and adipogenesis regulation. A large number of natural and synthetic ligands bind to PPARγ and modulate its activity. Ligands such as thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone effectively bind to PPARγ; however, most of these were found to display severe side effects such as hepatotoxicity, weight gain, cardiovascular complications and bladder tumor. Now the focus is shifted towards the development of dual-acting or pan PPAR ligands. The current review article describes the functions and role of PPARγ in various disease states. In addition, recently reported PPARγ ligands and pan PPAR ligands were discussed in detail. It is envisaged that the present review article may help in the development of potent PPAR ligands with no or minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvadeep Mal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Ashish Ranjan Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
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27
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Sarode GV, Neier K, Shibata NM, Shen Y, Goncharov DA, Goncharova EA, Mazi TA, Joshi N, Settles ML, LaSalle JM, Medici V. Wilson Disease: Intersecting DNA Methylation and Histone Acetylation Regulation of Gene Expression in a Mouse Model of Hepatic Copper Accumulation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1457-1477. [PMID: 34098115 PMCID: PMC8487080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The pathogenesis of Wilson disease (WD) involves hepatic and brain copper accumulation resulting from pathogenic variants affecting the ATP7B gene and downstream epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms. Prior methylome investigations in human WD liver and blood and in the Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, ME) C3He-Atp7btx-j/J (tx-j) WD mouse model revealed an epigenetic signature of WD, including changes in histone deacetylase (HDAC) 5. We tested the hypothesis that histone acetylation is altered with respect to copper overload and aberrant DNA methylation in WD. METHODS We investigated class IIa HDAC4 and HDAC5 and H3K9/H3K27 histone acetylation in tx-j mouse livers compared with C3HeB/FeJ (C3H) control in response to 3 treatments: 60% kcal fat diet, D-penicillamine (copper chelator), and choline (methyl group donor). Experiments with copper-loaded hepatoma G2 cells were conducted to validate in vivo studies. RESULTS In 9-week tx-j mice, HDAC5 levels increased significantly after 8 days of a 60% kcal fat diet compared with chow. In 24-week tx-j mice, HDAC4/5 levels were reduced 5- to 10-fold compared with C3H, likely through mechanisms involving HDAC phosphorylation. HDAC4/5 levels were affected by disease progression and accompanied by increased acetylation. D-penicillamine and choline partially restored HDAC4/5 and H3K9ac/H3K27ac to C3H levels. Integrated RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analyses revealed genes regulating energy metabolism and cellular stress/development, which, in turn, were regulated by histone acetylation in tx-j mice compared with C3H mice, with Pparα and Pparγ among the most relevant targets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest dietary modulation of class IIa HDAC4/5, and subsequent H3K9/H3K27 acetylation/deacetylation can regulate gene expression in key metabolic pathways in the pathogenesis of WD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kari Neier
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | | | - Yuanjun Shen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Dmitry A. Goncharov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Elena A. Goncharova
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Lung Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Tagreed A. Mazi
- Department of Nutrition, Davis, California,Department of Community Health Sciences–Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Matthew L. Settles
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of California–Davis, Davis, California
| | - Janine M. LaSalle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Genome Center, Davis, California
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Davis, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Valentina Medici, MD, FAASLD, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California–Davis, 4150 V Street, Patient Support Services Building (PSSB) Suite 3500, Sacramento, California 95817. fax: (916) 734-7908.
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28
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Vilahur G, Sutelman P, Mendieta G, Ben-Aicha S, Borrell-Pages M, Peña E, Crespo J, Casaní L, Badimon L. Triglyceride-induced cardiac lipotoxicity is mitigated by Silybum marianum. Atherosclerosis 2021; 324:91-101. [PMID: 33857761 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Silybum marianum (SM) is an herbal product with cytoprotective and antioxidant properties. We have previously demonstrated that SM ameliorates ventricular remodeling and improves cardiac performance. Here, we evaluated whether SM could exert beneficial effects against cardiac lipotoxicity in a pig model of closed-chest myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS Study 1 investigated the effect of SM administration on lipid profile and any potential SM-related adverse effects. Animals received SM or placebo during 10 days and were afterward sacrificed. Study 2 evaluated the effectiveness of SM daily administration in reducing cardiac lipotoxicity in animals subjected to a 1.5h myocardial infarction (MI), who were subsequently reperfused for 2.5h and euthanized or kept under study for three weeks and then sacrificed. RESULTS Animals administered a 10-day SM regime presented a sharp decline in plasma triglyceride levels vs. controls, with no other modifications in lipid profile. The decrease in triglyceride concentration was accompanied by a marked reduction in triglyceride intestinal absorption and glycoprotein-P expression. Three weeks post-MI the triglyceride content in the ischemic myocardium of the SM-treated animals was significantly lower than in the ischemic myocardium of placebo-controls. This effect was associated with an enhanced cardiac expression of PPARγ and triglyceride clearance receptors. This long-term SM-administration induced a lower expression of lipid receptors in subcutaneous adipose tissue. No SM-related side-effects were registered. CONCLUSION SM administration reduces plasma triglyceride levels through attenuation of triglyceride intestinal absorption and modulates cardiac lipotoxicity in the ischemic myocardium, likely contributing to improve ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Sutelman
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guiomar Mendieta
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Cardiology, Clinic Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soumaya Ben-Aicha
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Borrell-Pages
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, Research Institute Hospital de La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CiberCV, Institute Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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Klein AM, de Queiroz RM, Venkatesh D, Prives C. The roles and regulation of MDM2 and MDMX: it is not just about p53. Genes Dev 2021; 35:575-601. [PMID: 33888565 PMCID: PMC8091979 DOI: 10.1101/gad.347872.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Klein et al. discuss the p53-independent roles of MDM2 and MDMX. First, they review the structural and functional features of MDM2 and MDMX proteins separately and together that could be relevant to their p53-independent activities. Following this, they summarize how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Most well studied as proteins that restrain the p53 tumor suppressor protein, MDM2 and MDMX have rich lives outside of their relationship to p53. There is much to learn about how these two proteins are regulated and how they can function in cells that lack p53. Regulation of MDM2 and MDMX, which takes place at the level of transcription, post-transcription, and protein modification, can be very intricate and is context-dependent. Equally complex are the myriad roles that these two proteins play in cells that lack wild-type p53; while many of these independent outcomes are consistent with oncogenic transformation, in some settings their functions could also be tumor suppressive. Since numerous small molecules that affect MDM2 and MDMX have been developed for therapeutic outcomes, most if not all designed to prevent their restraint of p53, it will be essential to understand how these diverse molecules might affect the p53-independent activities of MDM2 and MDMX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Klein
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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Late Health Effects of Partial Body Irradiation Injury in a Minipig Model Are Associated with Changes in Systemic and Cardiac IGF-1 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063286. [PMID: 33807089 PMCID: PMC8005067 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical, epidemiological, and experimental evidence demonstrate non-cancer, cardiovascular, and endocrine effects of ionizing radiation exposure including growth hormone deficiency, obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling perturbations are implicated in development of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The minipig is an emerging model for studying radiation effects given its high analogy to human anatomy and physiology. Here we use a minipig model to study late health effects of radiation by exposing male Göttingen minipigs to 1.9–2.0 Gy X-rays (lower limb tibias spared). Animals were monitored for 120 days following irradiation and blood counts, body weight, heart rate, clinical chemistry parameters, and circulating biomarkers were assessed longitudinally. Collagen deposition, histolopathology, IGF-1 signaling, and mRNA sequencing were evaluated in tissues. Our findings indicate a single exposure induced histopathological changes, attenuated circulating IGF-1, and disrupted cardiac IGF-1 signaling. Electrolytes, lipid profiles, liver and kidney markers, and heart rate and rhythm were also affected. In the heart, collagen deposition was significantly increased and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) was induced following irradiation; collagen deposition and fibrosis were also observed in the kidney of irradiated animals. Our findings show Göttingen minipigs are a suitable large animal model to study long-term effects of radiation exposure and radiation-induced inhibition of IGF-1 signaling may play a role in development of late organ injuries.
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Zeng J, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Tong X, Dou J, Gao L, Ding S, Lu J. Ozonated autohemotherapy elevates PPAR-γ expression in CD4 + T cells and serum HDL-C levels, a potential immunomodulatory mechanism for treatment of psoriasis. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:349-359. [PMID: 33527029 PMCID: PMC7847517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is widely accepted as a metabolic syndrome with significantly abnormal lipid metabolism and high level of blood lipids that induce a persistent low level of inflammatory condition in patients. T cell mediated immune response plays a critical role in the occurrence and persistence of psoriasis lesions. Hyperlipidemia and associated inflammatory reaction are believed to be the major risk factors for the onset and recurrence of psoriasis. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) is known to effectively regulate the blood lipid level and inhibit inflammatory reaction. In this study, we examined the efficacy of ozonated autohemotherapy (OAHT) treatment on psoriatic patients by evaluating the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score and blood lipid level. In addition, PPAR-γ expression level and the correlation of PASI scores or blood lipid level with the PPAR-γ expression were also assessed to determine the psoriasis-associate targets of OAHT. We found that OAHT significantly decreased patients' PASI scores and increased blood HDL-C level. Furthermore, we found that PPAR-γ expression in CD4+ T cells from psoriasis patients was significantly lower than healthy controls, and OAHT treatment increased the expression of PPAR-γ. In conclusion, OAHT attenuates the psoriatic severity in patients and increased blood HDL-C level, which may be associated with increased PPAR-γ expression. Our data suggests that OAHT is an effective treatment in psoriasis and deserves further evaluations in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuezhong Zhang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhua Dou
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, Hunan, China
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Berardo C, Di Pasqua LG, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Vairetti M, Ferrigno A. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis: Current Issues and Future Perspectives in Preclinical and Clinical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249646. [PMID: 33348908 PMCID: PMC7766139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a continuum of liver abnormalities often starting as simple steatosis and to potentially progress into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Because of its increasing prevalence, NAFLD is becoming a major public health concern, in parallel with a worldwide increase in the recurrence rate of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. It has been estimated that NASH cirrhosis may surpass viral hepatitis C and become the leading indication for liver transplantation in the next decades. The broadening of the knowledge about NASH pathogenesis and progression is of pivotal importance for the discovery of new targeted and more effective therapies; aim of this review is to offer a comprehensive and updated overview on NAFLD and NASH pathogenesis, the most recommended treatments, drugs under development and new drug targets. The most relevant in vitro and in vivo models of NAFLD and NASH will be also reviewed, as well as the main molecular pathways involved in NAFLD and NASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Ferrigno
- Correspondence: (L.G.D.P.); (A.F.); Tel.: +39-0382-986-451 (L.G.D.P.)
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Bi X, Kuwano T, Lee PC, Millar JS, Li L, Shen Y, Soccio RE, Hand NJ, Rader DJ. ILRUN, a Human Plasma Lipid GWAS Locus, Regulates Lipoprotein Metabolism in Mice. Circ Res 2020; 127:1347-1361. [PMID: 32912065 PMCID: PMC7644615 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Single-nucleotide polymorphisms near the ILRUN (inflammation and lipid regulator with ubiquitin-associated-like and NBR1 [next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein]-like domains) gene are genome-wide significantly associated with plasma lipid traits and coronary artery disease (CAD), but the biological basis of this association is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of ILRUN in plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS ILRUN encodes a protein that contains a ubiquitin-associated-like domain, suggesting that it may interact with ubiquitinylated proteins. We generated mice globally deficient for Ilrun and found they had significantly lower plasma cholesterol levels resulting from reduced liver lipoprotein production. Liver transcriptome analysis uncovered altered transcription of genes downstream of lipid-related transcription factors, particularly PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha), and livers from Ilrun-deficient mice had increased PPARα protein. Human ILRUN was shown to bind to ubiquitinylated proteins including PPARα, and the ubiquitin-associated-like domain of ILRUN was found to be required for its interaction with PPARα. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish ILRUN as a novel regulator of lipid metabolism that promotes hepatic lipoprotein production. Our results also provide functional evidence that ILRUN may be the casual gene underlying the observed genetic associations with plasma lipids at 6p21 in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bi
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Takashi Kuwano
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Paul C. Lee
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John S. Millar
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yachen Shen
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Raymond E. Soccio
- Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Hand
- Department of Genetics; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J. Rader
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Department of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Nazir S, Jankowski V, Bender G, Zewinger S, Rye KA, van der Vorst EP. Interaction between high-density lipoproteins and inflammation: Function matters more than concentration! Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:94-119. [PMID: 33080259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and especially contributes to the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Over recent years it has become clear that the effect of HDL on immune-modulation is not only dependent on HDL concentration but also and perhaps even more so on HDL function. This review will provide a concise general introduction to HDL followed by an overview of post-translational modifications of HDL and a detailed overview of the role of HDL in inflammatory diseases. The clinical potential of HDL and its main apolipoprotein constituent, apoA-I, is also addressed in this context. Finally, some conclusions and remarks that are important for future HDL-based research and further development of HDL-focused therapies are discussed.
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PPAR-α Deletion Attenuates Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Renal Organic Transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197416. [PMID: 33049997 PMCID: PMC7582648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug widely used in the treatment of solid tumors. However, nephrotoxicity has been reported in about one-third of patients undergoing cisplatin therapy. Proximal tubules are the main target of cisplatin toxicity and cellular uptake; elimination of this drug can modulate renal damage. Organic transporters play an important role in the transport of cisplatin into the kidney and organic cations transporter 2 (OCT-2) has been shown to be one of the most important transporters to play this role. On the other hand, multidrug and toxin extrusion 1 (MATE-1) transporter is the main protein that mediates the extrusion of cisplatin into the urine. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity has been shown to be enhanced by increased OCT-2 and/or reduced MATE-1 activity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) is the transcription factor which controls lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis; it is highly expressed in the kidneys and interacts with both MATE-1 and OCT-2. Considering the above, we treated wild-type and PPAR-α knockout mice with cisplatin in order to evaluate the severity of nephrotoxicity. Cisplatin induced renal dysfunction, renal inflammation, apoptosis and tubular injury in wild-type mice, whereas PPAR-α deletion protected against these alterations. Moreover, we observed that cisplatin induced down-regulation of organic transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2 and that PPAR-α deletion restored the expression of these transporters. In addition, PPAR-α knockout mice at basal state showed increased MATE-1 expression and reduced OCT-2 levels. Here, we show for the first time that PPAR-α deletion protects against cisplatin nephrotoxicity and that this protection is via modulation of the organic transporters MATE-1 and OCT-2.
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Hayakawa EH, Kato H, Nardone GA, Usukura J. A prospective mechanism and source of cholesterol uptake by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes co-cultured with HepG2 cells. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102179. [PMID: 32853776 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) parasites still cause lethal infections worldwide, especially in Africa (https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/world-malaria-report-2019). During P. falciparum blood-stage infections in humans, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels in the blood become low. Because P. falciparum lacks a de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway, it must import cholesterol from the surrounding environment. However, the origin of the cholesterol and how it is taken up by the parasite across the multiple membranes that surround it is not fully understood. To answer this, we used a cholesterol synthesis inhibiter (simvastatin), a cholesterol transport inhibitor (ezetimibe), and an activating ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, called ciprofibrate, to investigate the effects of these agents on the intraerythrocytic growth of P. falciparum, both with and without HepG2 cells as the lipoprotein feeders. P. falciparum growth was inhibited in the presence of ezetimibe, but ezetimibe was not very effective at inhibiting P. falciparum growth when used in the co-culture system, unlike simvastatin, which strongly promoted parasite growth in this system. Ezetimibe is known to inhibit cholesterol absorption by blocking the activity of Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) protein, and simvastatin is known to enhance NPC1L1 expression in the human body's small intestine. Collectively, our results support the possibility that cholesterol import by P. falciparum involves hepatocytes, and cholesterol uptake into the parasite occurs via NPC1L1 protein or an NPC1L1 homolog during the erythrocytic stages of the P. falciparum lifecycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri H Hayakawa
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Hirotomo Kato
- Division of Medical Zoology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Glenn A Nardone
- Research Technology Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5766, USA
| | - Jiro Usukura
- Institute of Material and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Li Y, Ren T, Xu L, Wang Y, Yang B, Luo H, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, Du G, Zhu M, Zhou J. Propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide, a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ dual agonist, enhances hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in rats with cerebral ischaemia. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1299-1306. [PMID: 31714482 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that propane-2-sulfonic acid octadec-9-enyl-amide (N15), a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and γ (PPARα/γ) dual agonist, protected against ischaemia-induced acute brain damage in mice and improved cognitive ability in the chronic phase of ischaemic stroke. It is well known that hippocampal neurogenesis is closely related to cognitive function. In the present study, we investigated the effect of N15 on hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. The middle cerebral artery of rats was blocked for 2 hours. Oral administration of 100 mg/kg N15 or vehicle was given once daily for days 2-13 after MCAO. The newly mature neurons were detected by staining. The expressions of synapse-related proteins were observed by qRT-PCR or western blotting. We found that N15-treated rats showed improved survival post-MCAO. In addition, N15 treatment markedly increased the newly mature neurons and enhanced the expression levels of growth-associated protein-43, synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3 in the hippocampus. Moreover, N15 promoted the activation of PPARα and PPARγ on day 7 and 14 after cerebral ischaemia. These results reveal that N15 may promote neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in MCAO rats through the activation of the PPARα/γ dual signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Tong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
| | - Lanxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Bingye Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Haohong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Guicheng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiamen Medical College
| | - Maoshu Zhu
- Xiang'an Branch, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University.,The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Estrela GR, Arruda AC, Torquato HFV, Freitas-Lima LC, Perilhão MS, Wasinski F, Budu A, Fock RA, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Araujo RC. Gemfibrozil Induces Anemia, Leukopenia and Reduces Hematopoietic Stem Cells via PPAR-α in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145050. [PMID: 32708962 PMCID: PMC7403977 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia, also called high cholesterol, is a form of hyperlipidemia, which may be a consequence of diet, obesity or diabetes. In addition, increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are associated with a higher risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Thus, controlling cholesterol levels is commonly necessary, and fibrates have been used as lipid-lowering drugs. Gemfibrozil is a fibrate that acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha to promote changes in lipid metabolism and decrease serum triglyceride levels. However, anemia and leukopenia are known side effects of gemfibrozil. Considering that gemfibrozil may lead to anemia and that gemfibrozil acts via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, we treated wild-type and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-knockout mice with gemfibrozil for four consecutive days. Gemfibrozil treatment led to anemia seven days after the first administration of the drug; we found reduced levels of hemoglobin, as well as red blood cells, white blood cells and a reduced percentage of hematocrits. PPAR-alpha-knockout mice were capable of reversing all of those reduced parameters induced by gemfibrozil treatment. Erythropoietin levels were increased in the serum of gemfibrozil-treated animals, and we also observed an increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-2 alpha (HIF-2α) and erythropoietin in renal tissue, while PPAR-alpha knockout mice treated with gemfibrozil did not present increased levels of serum erythropoietin or tissue HIF-2α and erythropoietin mRNA levels in the kidneys. We analyzed bone marrow and found that gemfibrozil reduced erythrocytes and hematopoietic stem cells in wild-type mice but not in PPAR-alpha-knockout mice, while increased colony-forming units were observed only in wild-type mice treated with gemfibrozil. Here, we show for the first time that gemfibrozil treatment leads to anemia and leukopenia via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rufino Estrela
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Discipline of Hematology and Hematotherapy, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04037002, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Correspondence: (G.R.E.); (R.C.A.); Tel.: +55-11-5576-4859 (R.C.A.)
| | - Adriano Cleis Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
| | - Heron Fernandes Vieira Torquato
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; (H.F.V.T.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Center Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes 08773380, Brazil
| | | | - Mauro Sérgio Perilhão
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
| | - Frederick Wasinski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil;
| | - Alexandre Budu
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
| | - Ricardo Ambrósio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil;
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04044020, Brazil; (H.F.V.T.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul 79070900, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo
- Department of Medicine, Discipline of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (A.C.A.); (M.S.P.)
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04039032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.R.E.); (R.C.A.); Tel.: +55-11-5576-4859 (R.C.A.)
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Fougerat A, Montagner A, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Wahli W. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1638. [PMID: 32650421 PMCID: PMC7408116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Martínez R, Navarro-Martín L, van Antro M, Fuertes I, Casado M, Barata C, Piña B. Changes in lipid profiles induced by bisphenol A (BPA) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos during the yolk sac absorption stage. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 246:125704. [PMID: 31887487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA; 4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol) has been shown to act as an obesogen and to disrupt lipid metabolism in zebrafish eleutheroembryos (ZE). To characterize the consequences of this disruption, we performed a detailed lipidomic study using ZE exposed to different BPA concentrations (0, 4, 6 and 8 mg/L of BPA) from day 2 to up to day 6 post fertilization (dpf). Total lipids at 4, 5 and 6 dpf were extracted by Folch method and analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) as wide-range preliminary screening. Selected conditions (0 and 6 mg/L of BPA) were used to obtain a high-quality lipid profile using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TOFMS). BPA exposed ZE exhibited increased amounts of triglycerides (TG), diglycerides (DG), phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylinositols (PI), regarding the control group. Analysis of time- and BPA exposure-related patterns of specific lipid species showed a clear influence of unsaturation degree (mostly in DG and PC) and/or fatty acid chain length (mostly in TG and PC derivatives) on their response to the presence of BPA. A decreased yolk-sac and energy consumption in exposed individuals appeared as the main reason for the observed BPA-driven effects. Integration of these results with previous morphological, biochemical, transcriptomic, metabolomic and behavioral data suggests a disruption of different signalling pathways by BPA that starts at very low BPA concentrations, whose effects propagate across different organization levels, and that cannot be only explained by the relatively weak estrogenic effect of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya, 08007, Spain.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Morgane van Antro
- Laboratory of Evolutionary and Adaptive Physiology, University of Namur, Namur, B5000, Belgium.
| | - Inmaculada Fuertes
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Marta Casado
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
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Chappell GA, Thompson CM, Wolf JC, Cullen JM, Klaunig JE, Haws LC. Assessment of the Mode of Action Underlying the Effects of GenX in Mouse Liver and Implications for Assessing Human Health Risks. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:494-508. [PMID: 32138627 PMCID: PMC7153225 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320905803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
GenX is an alternative to environmentally persistent long-chain perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Mice exposed to GenX exhibit liver hypertrophy, elevated peroxisomal enzyme activity, and other apical endpoints consistent with peroxisome proliferators. To investigate the potential role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activation in mice, and other molecular signals potentially related to observed liver changes, RNA sequencing was conducted on paraffin-embedded liver sections from a 90-day subchronic toxicity study of GenX conducted in mice. Differentially expressed genes were identified for each treatment group, and gene set enrichment analysis was conducted using gene sets that represent biological processes and known canonical pathways. Peroxisome signaling and fatty acid metabolism were among the most significantly enriched gene sets in both sexes at 0.5 and 5 mg/kg GenX; no pathways were enriched at 0.1 mg/kg. Gene sets specific to the PPARα subtype were significantly enriched. These findings were phenotypically anchored to histopathological changes in the same tissue blocks: hypertrophy, mitoses, and apoptosis. In vitro PPARα transactivation assays indicated that GenX activates mouse PPARα. These results indicate that the liver changes observed in GenX-treated mice occur via a mode of action (MOA) involving PPARα, an important finding for human health risk assessment as this MOA has limited relevance to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John M. Cullen
- North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - James E. Klaunig
- Indiana University, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Venkatesh D, O'Brien NA, Zandkarimi F, Tong DR, Stokes ME, Dunn DE, Kengmana ES, Aron AT, Klein AM, Csuka JM, Moon SH, Conrad M, Chang CJ, Lo DC, D'Alessandro A, Prives C, Stockwell BR. MDM2 and MDMX promote ferroptosis by PPARα-mediated lipid remodeling. Genes Dev 2020; 34:526-543. [PMID: 32079652 PMCID: PMC7111265 DOI: 10.1101/gad.334219.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, Venkatesh et al. investigated the p53-independent roles of MDMX and the MDM2–MDMX complex. They found that MDM2 and MDMX facilitate ferroptosis in cells with or without p53, and that PPARα activity is essential for MDM2 and MDMX to promote ferroptosis, suggesting that the MDM2–MDMX complex regulates lipids through altering PPARα activity. MDM2 and MDMX, negative regulators of the tumor suppressor p53, can work separately and as a heteromeric complex to restrain p53's functions. MDM2 also has pro-oncogenic roles in cells, tissues, and animals that are independent of p53. There is less information available about p53-independent roles of MDMX or the MDM2–MDMX complex. We found that MDM2 and MDMX facilitate ferroptosis in cells with or without p53. Using small molecules, RNA interference reagents, and mutant forms of MDMX, we found that MDM2 and MDMX, likely working in part as a complex, normally facilitate ferroptotic death. We observed that MDM2 and MDMX alter the lipid profile of cells to favor ferroptosis. Inhibition of MDM2 or MDMX leads to increased levels of FSP1 protein and a consequent increase in the levels of coenzyme Q10, an endogenous lipophilic antioxidant. This suggests that MDM2 and MDMX normally prevent cells from mounting an adequate defense against lipid peroxidation and thereby promote ferroptosis. Moreover, we found that PPARα activity is essential for MDM2 and MDMX to promote ferroptosis, suggesting that the MDM2–MDMX complex regulates lipids through altering PPARα activity. These findings reveal the complexity of cellular responses to MDM2 and MDMX and suggest that MDM2–MDMX inhibition might be useful for preventing degenerative diseases involving ferroptosis. Furthermore, they suggest that MDM2/MDMX amplification may predict sensitivity of some cancers to ferroptosis inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Venkatesh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Fereshteh Zandkarimi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - David R Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Michael E Stokes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Denise E Dunn
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Everett S Kengmana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alyssa M Klein
- Integrated Program in Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Joleen M Csuka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Sung-Hwan Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Christopher J Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Donald C Lo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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43
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Ruan D, Fouad AM, Zhang YN, Wang S, Chen W, Xia WG, Jiang SQ, Yang L, Zheng CT. Effects of dietary lysine on productivity, reproductive performance, protein and lipid metabolism-related gene expression in laying duck breeders. Poult Sci 2020; 98:5734-5745. [PMID: 31265113 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether dietary lysine (Lys) affects productive performance and expression of genes related to protein and lipid metabolism in laying duck breeders. Longyan duck breeders (n = 540, 19 wk of age) were randomly assigned to 6 groups with 6 replicates of 15 birds each. Breeders were fed diets with 6 total Lys levels (6.4, 7.2, 8.0, 8.8, 9.6, and 10.4 g/kg) for 26 wk duration. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, hatchability, hatchling weight, albumen weight, eggshell weight, yolk weight, and yolk proportion increased with dietary Lys levels (P < 0.05). Dietary Lys level had a linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic (P < 0.05) effects on maternal hepatic expression of mechanistic target of rapamycin, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1, ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2K (UBE2K), cathepsin B (CTSB), and quadratically (P < 0.05) increased the concentrations of plasma Lys, leucine, threonine, and tryptophan in duck breeders. In contrast, maternal dietary Lys suppressed expression of proteasome 26S subunit, UBE2K, and CTSB in the liver of hatchlings. Moreover, relative expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, and very low density apolipoprotein-II increased linearly (P < 0.05) and quadratically (P < 0.05), and that of VLDL receptor (VLDLR) decreased quadratically (P < 0.05) in the liver of duck breeders with increasing dietary Lys levels; hepatic triglyceride and cholesterol contents were reduced. Maternal dietary Lys suppressed hepatic expression of VLDLR in the hatchlings. A diet containing 8.6 g Lys/kg promoted protein turnover and lipid metabolism in laying duck breeders, which positively reflected in the productivity and reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ruan
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - A M Fouad
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Y N Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - W G Xia
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - L Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - C T Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (South China) of Ministry of Agriculture; State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding; Guangdong Pubic Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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Palachai N, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S, Thukham-mee W. Antimetabolic Syndrome Effect of Phytosome Containing the Combined Extracts of Mulberry and Ginger in an Animal Model of Metabolic Syndrome. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5972575. [PMID: 31827683 PMCID: PMC6881582 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5972575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Due to the antimetabolic syndrome effect of mulberry and ginger together with the advantages of the synergistic effect and phytosome encapsulation technique, we hypothesized that phytosome containing the combined extracts of mulberry and ginger (PMG) should be able to manage MetS. PMG was developed and assessed the phenolic content and biological activities associated with the pathophysiology of MetS. The antimetabolic syndrome effect and the possible underlying mechanisms in the animal model of MetS were also assessed. Male Wistar rats induced MetS by subjecting to a 16-week high-carbohydrate high-fat diet. MetS rats were orally given PMG at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 21 days. They were determined metabolic parameter changes in serum, histomorphology changes of adipose tissue, the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, oxidative stress status, PPAR-γ, and HDAC3 in adipose tissue. Our in vitro data showed that PMG increased phenolic contents and biological activities. PMG significantly improved MetS parameters including body weight gain, lipid profiles, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, and ACE. In addition, the density and size of adipocyte, adiposity index, and weights of adipose tissues were also improved. Moreover, the decrease in TNF-α and IL-6, oxidative stress status, and HDAC3 expression together with the increase in PPAR-γ expression in adipose tissue was also observed. These data suggest that PMG exhibit antimetabolic syndrome and the possible underlying mechanism may be associated partly with the modulation effect on HDAC3, PPAR-γ, and adipose tissue. In addition, PMG also improves oxidative stress and inflammation in MetS. Therefore, PMG can be served as the potential supplement to manage MetS. However, a clinical trial study is essential to confirm this health benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nut Palachai
- Department of Physiology and Graduate School (Neuroscience Program), Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jintanaporn Wattanathorn
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Supaporn Muchimapura
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Wipawee Thukham-mee
- Integrative Complementary Alternative Medicine Research, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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45
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Laskowski D, Andersson G, Humblot P, Sirard MA, Sjunnesson Y, Ferreira CR, Pirro V, Båge R. Lipid profile of bovine blastocysts exposed to insulin during in vitro oocyte maturation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:1253-1266. [PMID: 29655403 DOI: 10.1071/rd17248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a key hormone with important functions in energy metabolism and is involved in the regulation of reproduction. Hyperinsulinaemia is known to impair fertility (for example, in obese mothers); therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of elevated insulin concentrations during the sensitive period of oocyte maturation on gene expression and lipid profiles of the bovine Day-8 embryo. Two different insulin concentrations were used during in vitro oocyte maturation (INS10=10µgmL-1 and INS0.1=0.1µgmL-1) in order to observe possible dose-dependent effects or thresholds for hyperinsulinaemia in vitro. By investigating gene expression patterns by an mRNA microarray in combination with lipid profile analysis by desorption electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) of embryos derived from insulin-treated oocytes, we gained further insights regarding molecular responses of embryos to insulin provocation during the first days of development. Lipid metabolism appeared to be influenced on multiple levels according to gene expression results but the profiles collected in positive-ion mode by DESI-MS (showing mostly ubiquinone, cholesteryl esters and triacylglycerols) did not differ significantly from controls. There are parallels in follicular development of ruminants and humans that make this bovine model relevant for comparative research on early human embryonic development during hyperinsulinaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Laskowski
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Göran Andersson
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7023, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrice Humblot
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marc-André Sirard
- Departement des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction, Pavillon Des Services, Local 2732, University Laval, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ylva Sjunnesson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina R Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Valentina Pirro
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, USA
| | - Renée Båge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7054, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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Baiyisaiti A, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen W, Qi R. Rosa rugosa flavonoids exhibited PPARα agonist-like effects on genetic severe hypertriglyceridemia of mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 240:111952. [PMID: 31100436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosa rugosa Thunb. is a traditional Chinese medicine that was used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and relative risk factors such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and inflammation. Rosa rugosa flavonoids (RRFs) are the main components in Rosa rugosa Thunb. Several studies have demonstrated that RRFs can regulate plasma lipid contents, but the related mechanism of which has not yet been elucidated clearly. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study was to clarify the effects of RRFs on triglyceride metabolism and its related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS RRFs were obtained by ethanol extraction from Rosa rugosa Thunb.. Transgenic mice expressing human Apolipoprotein C3 (ApoC3) were used as a mouse model of hypertriglyceridemia. Fenofibrate (FNB), a PPARα agonist, was used as a positive control drug of decreasing high triglyceride. FNB (100 mg/kg) or RRFs (300 mg/kg) were given to the mice by gavage daily. Two weeks later, the changes of plasma lipid levels in the mice were measured by commercial kits, the clearance of triglyceride was evaluated by oral fat load test, and expression of the genes related to lipid β-oxidation and synthesis was detected in the mice livers by real time PCR. RESULTS RRFs, as well as FNB, were found to significantly reduce plasma triglyceride (TG) levels in ApoC3 transgenic mice after administration of the drug for two weeks. Plasma lipid clearance rate was increased and lipid content in the mice livers was reduced after administration of RRF. Treatment with RRFs up-regulated mRNA expression of PPARα and its downstream gene of ACOX, while down-regulated mRNA expression of the genes related to fatty acid synthesis (FASN, SREBP-1c, and ACC1). The expression of LPL was raised, while the expression of ApoC3 was decreased, and Foxo1 was inhibited by RRFs in the mice livers. CONCLUSION RRFs can reduce plasma TG levels by repressing the expression of ApoC3 and inducing the expression of LPL in liver. RRFs could also reduce triglyceride in hepatocytes through increasing β-oxidation and decreasing synthesis of the lipids. These findings show the potency of further clinical application of RRFs as a hypolipidemic drug for treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asiya Baiyisaiti
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China; Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China; Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Rong Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, 832000, Xinjiang, China; Peking University Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and New Drug Delivery Systems, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía LE, Katsiki N, Reiner Ž, Banach M, Pirro M, Atkin SL. Effect of fenofibrate on plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. BMJ Open 2019; 8:e021508. [PMID: 30798284 PMCID: PMC6278807 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials aimed to assess the effect of fenofibrate on apolipoprotein C-III (apo C-III), a key regulator of triglyceride metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomised placebo-controlled trials investigating the impact of fenofibrate treatment on apo C-III levels were searched in PubMed-Medline, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases from inception to 18 August 2017. Quantitative data synthesis was determined by a random-effects model and generic inverse variance method. Sensitivity analysis was conducted using the leave-one-out method. A weighted random-effects meta-regression was performed to evaluate glycaemic parameter confounders. RESULTS Meta-analysis of 10 clinical trials involving 477 subjects showed fenofibrate therapy decreased apo C-III levels (weighted mean difference (WMD) -4.78 mg/dL, 95% CI -6.95 to -2.61, p<0.001; I266.87%). Subgroup analysis showed that fenofibrate reduced plasma apo C-III concentrations in subgroups of trials with treatment durations of either <12 weeks (WMD -4.50 mg/dL, p=0.001) or ≥12 weeks (WMD: -4.73 mg/dL, p=0.009) and doses of fenofibrate <200 mg/day (WMD -6.33 mg/dL, p<0.001) and >200 mg/day (p=0.006), with no significant difference between the subgroups. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis found that fenofibrate therapy significantly decreases apo C-III levels, an effect evident with both short-term treatment and doses less than 200 mg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Niki Katsiki
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippocration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Arteriosclerosis Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Barchuk M, Miksztowicz V, Zago V, Cevey A, López G, Goren N, Friedman S, Gelpi RJ, Morales C, Fernandez Tomé MDC, Schreier L, Berg G. Endothelial Lipase Is an Alternative Pathway for Fatty Acid Release from Lipoproteins: Evidence from a High Fat Diet Model of Obesity in Rats. Lipids 2018; 53:993-1003. [DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Barchuk
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Verónica Miksztowicz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Zago
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Agata Cevey
- CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Graciela López
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Nora Goren
- CONICET. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS). Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Silvia Friedman
- Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Bioquímica General y Bucal; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Marcelo T. de Alvear 2142 (1122); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ricardo Jorge Gelpi
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Uriburu 950 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Uriburu 950 (1121); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María del Carmen Fernandez Tomé
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular. Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB). CONICET; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Laura Schreier
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriela Berg
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica. Laboratorio de Lípidos y Aterosclerosis, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
- CONICET. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junin 956 (1113); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Croyal M, Kaabia Z, León L, Ramin-Mangata S, Baty T, Fall F, Billon-Crossouard S, Aguesse A, Hollstein T, Sullivan D, Nobecourt E, Lambert G, Krempf M. Fenofibrate decreases plasma ceramide in type 2 diabetes patients: A novel marker of CVD? DIABETES & METABOLISM 2018; 44:143-149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Choi S, Gyamfi AA, Neequaye P, Addo S, Gonzalez FJ, Gyamfi MA. Role of the pregnane X receptor in binge ethanol-induced steatosis and hepatotoxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:165-178. [PMID: 29431616 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor that defends against toxic agents. We have shown that PXR promotes chronic ethanol (EtOH)-induced steatosis. Therefore, we examined the role of PXR in binge EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. Male wild type (WT) and Pxr-null mice were orally administered three binge doses of EtOH (4.5 g/kg, every 12 hours) and euthanized four hours after the final dose. Pxr-null mice displayed higher basal mRNA levels of hepatic lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (Srebp-1c) and its target stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (Scd1) and the lipid peroxide detoxifying aldo-keto reductase 1b7 (Akr1b7) and higher protein levels of EtOH-metabolizing alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1). In both genotypes, binge EtOH-induced triglyceride accumulation was associated with inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation and upregulation of Srebp-1c- regulated lipogenic genes and hepatic CYP2E1 protein. Unexpectedly, gene expression of Cyp2b10, a constitutive androstane receptor target gene, implicated in EtOH hepatotoxicity, was PXR-dependent upregulated by binge EtOH. Also, PXR-dependent was the binge EtOH-induced inhibition of hepatic Akr1b8 mRNA, and protein levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) 1A1 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, but increased pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression, leading to increases in residual EtOH concentration and the cellular oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde. In contrast, Pxr-null mice displayed increased Akr1b7 gene and ADH1 protein expression and hypertriglyceridemia following binge EtOH exposure. Taken together, this study demonstrates that PXR ablation prevents EtOH induced upregulation of Cyp2b10 and that PXR potentiates binge EtOH-induced oxidative stress and inhibition of EtOH catabolism, but protects against alcoholic hyperlipidemia.
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