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Djekoune L, Maaliou A, Salem Z, Ziani D, Kamel R, Ouakouak A, Baigenzhenov O, Bokov DO, Ivanets A, Hosseini-Bandegharaei A. Phosphate adsorption on dried alum sludge: Modeling and application to treatment of dairy effluents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118976. [PMID: 38705451 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates Alum sludge from drinking water treatment plants for the efficient and cost-effective removal of phosphates from aqueous solutions. Extensive characterization and batch experiments have established that optimal phosphate removal was achieved with a sludge dosage of 20 g L-1 (at an initial phosphate concentration of 100 mg L-1), a pH of 5, a temperature of 23 °C, and a stirring speed of 200 rpm. These conditions significantly reduced phosphate levels, ensuring compliance with legal discharge limits. The Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion models best described the adsorption process, highlighting the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the phenomenon. The sludge effectively reduced phosphate concentrations to acceptable levels when applied to dairy effluents. This study underscores the potential of Alum sludge as a viable solution for phosphate management in environmental cleanup efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Djekoune
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Laboratory of Sciences and Industrial Process Ingeneering, PB 32 El-Alia, Bab - Ezzouar, 16311, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aziz Maaliou
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, LEGHYD Laboratory, PB 32 El-Alia, Bab - Ezzouar, 16311, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Zineb Salem
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Laboratory of Sciences and Industrial Process Ingeneering, PB 32 El-Alia, Bab - Ezzouar, 16311, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Dalila Ziani
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, LEGHYD Laboratory, PB 32 El-Alia, Bab - Ezzouar, 16311, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Raouf Kamel
- Faculty of Mechanical and Process Engineering, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene, Laboratory of Sciences and Industrial Process Ingeneering, PB 32 El-Alia, Bab - Ezzouar, 16311, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdelkader Ouakouak
- Hydraulic and Civil Engineering Department, University of El Oued, POBox 789, El Oued, 39000, Algeria
| | | | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy Named After A.P. Nelyubin, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Ivanets
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 9/1, Surganova st., 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ahmad Hosseini-Bandegharaei
- Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India.
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Nayeri D, Mousavi SA. A comprehensive review on the coagulant recovery and reuse from drinking water treatment sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115649. [PMID: 35834847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The main treatment unit in conventional systems for surface water is coagulation-flocculation (CF) process, which consumes huge quantities of coagulant, and produces large volume of sludge. The produced sludge is known as one of the components of water treatment sludge (WTS), which is considered as a global issue and hot topic require careful attention from the plant operators and sludge managers to be managed sustainably with applying an ecofriendly method. Among the suggested technologies, recovery and reuse of coagulants from WTS show the potential to decrease the waste disposal and chemicals usage for drinking water treatment significantly. So, this comprehensive review provides a useful insight into environmental and health problems of WTS, reports the sources, physicochemical properties of sludge, describes different sludge management methods by more focus on coagulant recovery (CR), which significantly point out the different aspects of WTS recovery and reuse, and eventually, economic evaluation of the CR process was also discussed. The results of this review confirm that coagulants can be recovered from WTS by different methods and also will be reused for multiple times in the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater. Moreover, the recovered coagulants can be used as building and construction materials, constructed wetlands substrate and other aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Nayeri
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyyed Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Kurniawan SB, Imron MF, Sługocki Ł, Nowakowski K, Ahmad A, Najiya D, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Purwanti IF, Hasan HA. Assessing the effect of multiple variables on the production of bioflocculant by Serratia marcescens: Flocculating activity, kinetics, toxicity, and flocculation mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155564. [PMID: 35504385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bioflocculants gain attention as alternatives to chemical flocculants because they are more environmentally friendly and highly biodegradable. This study aims to improve the bioflocculant production by Serratia marcescens using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) analysis and analyze its flocculating activity performance, toxicity, and the flocculation mechanism. The effect of multiple variables including initial inoculum size, pH, mixing speed, temperature, growth medium, and incubation period was assessed through OVAT. Flocculating activity was then determined via jar test analysis, and toxicity test was performed using Daphnia magna and Daphnia pulex. The flocculation mechanism was determined via particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis. The optimum conditions for the improved bioflocculant production were as follows: 10% v/v initial inoculum size, pH 7, mixing speed of 150 rpm, room temperature, nutrient broth medium, and 72 h of incubation period. Scanning electron microscopy showed flake-like intact structure with coarse surface. The produced bioflocculant showed flocculating activity of 48% in 5227 ± 580 NTU initial kaolin turbidity with 1 mg/L concentration and 5% v/v dosage of bioflocculant, following the second-order kinetics. Toxicity test to D. magna and D. pulex showed the 48 h LC50 values of 8.06 and 6.42 g/L, respectively; these values are greatly higher than the fabricated chemical flocculants. The flocculation process using bioflocculant produced by S. marcescens was suggested to occur via bridging mechanism because it greatly affected the particle size distribution. Results indicated that bioflocculant produced by S. marcescens is much environmentally friendly and has great potential for turbidity removal in water/wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fauzul Imron
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
| | - Łukasz Sługocki
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-712 Szczecin, Poland; Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, Wąska 13, 71-715 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kacper Nowakowski
- Department of Hydrobiology, Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-712 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Dhuroton Najiya
- Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ipung Fitri Purwanti
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Kampus ITS Sukolilo, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dias R, Sousa D, Bernardo M, Matos I, Fonseca I, Vale Cardoso V, Neves Carneiro R, Silva S, Fontes P, Daam MA, Maurício R. Study of the Potential of Water Treatment Sludges in the Removal of Emerging Pollutants. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041010. [PMID: 33672924 PMCID: PMC7918913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, water quantity and quality problems persist both in developed and developing countries, and concerns have been raised about the presence of emerging pollutants (EPs) in water. The circular economy provides ways of achieving sustainable resource management that can be implemented in the water sector, such as the reuse of drinking water treatment sludges (WTSs). This study evaluated the potential of WTS containing a high concentration of activated carbon for the removal of two EPs: the steroid hormones 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). To this end, WTSs from two Portuguese water treatment plants (WTPs) were characterised and tested for their hormone adsorbance potential. Both WTSs showed a promising adsorption potential for the two hormones studied due to their textural and chemical properties. For WTS1, the final concentration for both hormones was lower than the limit of quantification (LOQ). As for WTS2, the results for E2 removal were similar to WTS1, although for EE2, the removal efficiency was lower (around 50%). The overall results indicate that this method may lead to new ways of using this erstwhile residue as a possible adsorbent material for the removal of several EPs present in wastewaters or other matrixes, and as such contributing to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Dias
- CENSE—Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.S.); (M.A.D.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Diogo Sousa
- CENSE—Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.S.); (M.A.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Maria Bernardo
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.B.); (I.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Inês Matos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.B.); (I.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Isabel Fonseca
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (M.B.); (I.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Vitor Vale Cardoso
- EPAL—Empresa Pública de Águas Lives S.A., AdP—Grupo Águas de Portugal, 31700-421 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.V.C.); (R.N.C.); (S.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Rui Neves Carneiro
- EPAL—Empresa Pública de Águas Lives S.A., AdP—Grupo Águas de Portugal, 31700-421 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.V.C.); (R.N.C.); (S.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Sofia Silva
- EPAL—Empresa Pública de Águas Lives S.A., AdP—Grupo Águas de Portugal, 31700-421 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.V.C.); (R.N.C.); (S.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Pedro Fontes
- EPAL—Empresa Pública de Águas Lives S.A., AdP—Grupo Águas de Portugal, 31700-421 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.V.C.); (R.N.C.); (S.S.); (P.F.)
| | - Michiel A. Daam
- CENSE—Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.S.); (M.A.D.); (R.M.)
| | - Rita Maurício
- CENSE—Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.S.); (M.A.D.); (R.M.)
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5
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You Z, Zhang L, Pan SY, Chiang PC, Pei S, Zhang S. Performance evaluation of modified bioretention systems with alkaline solid wastes for enhanced nutrient removal from stormwater runoff. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 161:61-73. [PMID: 31176885 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention systems have been found to be potential candidates for the removal of various pollutants/nutrients from rainfall or stormwater runoff. Despite bioretention has been widely developed for the removal of nutrients from stormwater, effective removal of both phosphorus and nitrogen is still a challenge. Hence, in this study, bioretention systems modified by alkaline solid waste media have been reported for the effective removal of nutrients. Six different types of solid wastes were first assessed using leaching and adsorption tests, and then the bottom ash from a refuse incineration plant was selected as a modifier. The bottom ash was mixed with soil to form a special media as the filter layer in the bioretention systems. The nutrient removal efficiencies of the modified bioretention systems were evaluated and also compared with those of the unmodified control. For this purpose, the design of the modified filter media with a saturated zone was combined to enhance the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. The effect of different rainfall intensities and nutrient concentrations in stormwater runoff on the removal efficiency of nutrients was evaluated. The results indicated that the modified bioretention with bottom ash modified soil media and saturated zone could exhibit the excellent removal efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus from stormwater runoff. The extent of removal of total nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and total phosphorus was found to be 58-70%, 66-82% and 82-97%, respectively. The performed correlation analysis showed that the bioretention cell using the special media could simultaneously enhance the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen. As a part of this study, the adsorption isotherms of phosphorus removal by the modified bioretention systems have also been determined. Finally, the implications and opportunities for deploying modified bioretention systems for optimizing water-energy nexus and stormwater management were illustrated. In overall, this study demonstrated that the modified bioretention systems could substantially enhance the removal efficiencies of nutrients from stormwater runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang You
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China; Carbon Cycle Research Center, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Taipei City, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yuan Pan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Carbon Cycle Research Center, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Taipei City, 10673, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71 Chou-Shan Road, Taipei City, 10673, Taiwan
| | - Silu Pei
- Research Institute of CNTY, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
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Devi P, Saroha AK. Utilization of sludge based adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 578:16-33. [PMID: 27838056 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge based adsorbents are widely used for the removal of various pollutants from water and wastewater systems and the available data is much diversified. The purpose of this review is to organize and critically review the scattered available information on the potential of use of sludge based adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants. It was observed that performance of the sludge based adsorbents varies depending on the type of pollutants, type of precursor sludge, carbonization time-temperature profile and the type of activation conditions used. The variation in pyrolysis and activation conditions found to directly affect the adsorbent properties, adsorption capacity and the mechanism of pollutant removal by sludge based adsorbents. The interaction mechanisms of pollutants with adsorbent surface found to have a detrimental effect on desorption and regeneration of the adsorbents and its recycling potential. Therefore, desorption and regeneration technique used for recycle of the adsorbents is also discussed in detail. Moreover, life cycle and cost analysis of sludge based adsorbents is assessed to ensure the cost effectiveness of their application in water treatment operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmila Devi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India.
| | - Anil K Saroha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Nguyen TAH, Ngo HH, Guo WS, Pham TQ, Li FM, Nguyen TV, Bui XT. Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solutions and sewage using zirconium loaded okara (ZLO): Fixed-bed column study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 523:40-9. [PMID: 25847314 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the potential of removing phosphorus from aqueous solutions and sewage by Zr(IV)-loaded okara (ZLO) in the fixed-bed column. Soybean residue (okara) was impregnated with 0.25M Zr(IV) solution to prepare active binding sites for phosphate. The effect of several factors, including flow rate, bed height, initial phosphorus concentration, pH and adsorbent particle size on the performance of ZLO was examined. The maximum dynamic adsorption capacity of ZLO for phosphorus was estimated to be 16.43mg/g. Breakthrough curve modeling indicated that Adams-Bohart model and Thomas model fitted the experimental data better than Yoon-Nelson model. After treatment with ZLO packed bed column, the effluent could meet the discharge standard for phosphorus in Australia. Successful desorption and regeneration were achieved with 0.2 NaOH and 0.1 HCl, respectively. The results prove that ZLO can be used as a promising phosphorus adsorbent in the dynamic adsorption system.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A H Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - H H Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - W S Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - T Q Pham
- Faculty of Geography, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - F M Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - T V Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - X T Bui
- Environmental Engineering and Management Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology-Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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8
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Dassanayake KB, Jayasinghe GY, Surapaneni A, Hetherington C. A review on alum sludge reuse with special reference to agricultural applications and future challenges. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 38:321-335. [PMID: 25655353 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alum salts are commonly used in the water industry to promote coagulation in the production of clean drinking water, which results in the generation and accumulation of 'waste' by-product 'alum sludge' in large volumes. Effective and efficient management of alum sludge in an economically and environmentally sustainable manner remains a significant social and environmental concern with ever increasing demand for potable water as a result of rapidly escalating world population and urban expansion. Various intensive practices have been employed to reuse the alum sludge in an attempt to figure out how to fill the gap between successful drinking water treatment process and environmentally friendly alum sludge management for over the years. This paper primarily aimed at comprehensive review of the existing literature on alum sludge characteristics, its environmental concerns and their potential utilization, especially in agricultural and horticultural sectors leading to update our recent state of knowledge and formulate a compendium of present and past developments. Different types of alum sludge utilizations in various fields were recognized and examined. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and potential risks of alum sludge reuse options with particular reference to agriculture were highlighted and knowledge gaps were identified. Research priorities and future challenges that will support in the development of effective alumsludgemanagement practices in agriculture with multi-prong strategies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Dassanayake
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia.
| | - G Y Jayasinghe
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia; Department of Agric. Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka.
| | - A Surapaneni
- South East Water, 20 Corporate Drive, Heatherton, Victoria 3202, Australia
| | - C Hetherington
- Transpacific Industries Group Ltd, 390 Princess Highway, Bomaderry 2541, Australia
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9
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Abstract
Alum sludge contained a large portion amount of the aluminum derived from the coagulation process in secondary stage water treatment. Alum sludge is discharge to the landfill and it can affect on disposal management. This study investigates the treatment of wastewater using the low-cost adsorption material and also an innovation in green technology for the preservation of the environment. This finding attempts to determine the effectiveness of dewatered water treatment alum sludge as media to remove pollutant (phosphate) from wastewater. The continuous flow test approach with constant speed allocate is being used in this study. Alum sludge was prepared in 2.36 mm sieve size in dry condition and the initial synthetic water concentration (phosphate solution) was set in increasing order 2.6 mg/L to 30.5 mg/L. The test was monitored over 30 days with constant flow rate. The results indicated removal phosphate in beginning of contact time at 30% - 90%. The maximum percentage removal is 91% - 98% in various condition. The dewatered alum sludge from water treatment plant has great potential as phosphate removal.
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