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Miyasaka K, Takada R, Wu J, Takeda S, Manse Y, Morikawa T, Shimoda H. Hypoglycemic effects of mountain caviar extract and inhibitory mechanism of saponins, including momordin Ic, on glucose absorption. J Nat Med 2024; 78:693-701. [PMID: 38587581 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mountain caviar is a fruit of Kochia scoparia that contains momordin Ic as a major saponin constituent. Its extract (MCE) has been shown to suppress blood glucose elevations in the human oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as well as increases in blood glucose in OGTT, gastric emptying (GE), and glucose incorporation in the small intestine in rats. However, the effects of MCE and momordin Ic on glucose absorption in mice and these action mechanisms have not been examined for more than 2 decades. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of MCE, its saponin fraction, and momordin Ic on blood glucose elevations in mice. Mouse blood glucose elevation tests were performed on carbohydrate-loaded mice. The mountain caviar saponin fraction significantly delayed blood glucose elevations in glucose-, sucrose-, and soluble starch-loaded mice. In glucose-loaded mice, the saponin fraction, MCE, and momordin Ic significantly suppressed rapid glucose elevations after glucose loading, but not sucrose loading. A mouse GE study was performed by loading with glucose and phenolphthalein solution. Momordin Ic and MCE strongly suppressed mouse GE. Intestinal glucose absorption was evaluated by the incorporation of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) into Caco-2 cell layers and mouse duodenum wall vesicles. The results obtained showed that momordin Ic inhibited the incorporation of 2-DG into Caco-2 cells and mouse duodenum vesicles. Collectively, these results suggest that MCE, particularly the principal saponin, momordin Ic, preferably suppressed glucose-induced blood glucose elevations and delayed carbohydrate-induced glucose elevations in mice. The underlying mechanism was found to involve the suppression of GE and intestinal glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenchi Miyasaka
- Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 Numata, Kitagata-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 493-8001, Japan
| | - Ryuya Takada
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8501, Japan
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 Numata, Kitagata-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 493-8001, Japan
| | - Shogo Takeda
- Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 Numata, Kitagata-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 493-8001, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8501, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8501, Japan
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Oryza Oil & Fat Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 Numata, Kitagata-cho, Ichinomiya, Aichi, 493-8001, Japan.
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Brahma S, Goyal AK, Dhamodhar P, Kumari MR, Jayashree S, Usha T, Middha SK. Can Polyherbal Medicine be used for the Treatment of Diabetes? - A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e140323214600. [PMID: 36918778 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230314093721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic medical condition, has attained a global pandemic status over the last few decades affecting millions of people. Despite a variety of synthetic drugs available in the market, the use of herbal medicines for managing diabetes is gaining importance because of being comparatively safer. This article reviews the result of a substantial literature search on polyherbal formulations (PHFs) developed and evaluated with potential for DM. The accumulated data in the literature allowed us to enlist 76PHFs consisting of different parts of 147 plant species belonging to 58 botanical families. The documented plant species are laden with bioactive components with anti-diabetic properties and thus draw attention. The most favoured ingredient for PHFs was leaves of Gymnema sylvestre and seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum used in 27 and 22 formulations, respectively. Apart from herbs, shilajit (exudates from high mountain rocks) formed an important component of 9 PHFs, whereas calcined Mytilus margaritiferus and goat pancreas were used in Dolabi, the most commonly used tablet form of PHF in Indian markets. The healing properties of PHFs against diabetes have been examined in both pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. However, the mechanism(s) of action of PHFs are still unclear and considered the pitfalls inherent in understanding the benefits of PHFs. From the information available based on experimental systems, it could be concluded that plant-derived medicines will have a considerable role to play in the control of diabetes provided the challenges related to their bioavailability, bioefficacy, optimal dose, lack of characterization, ambiguous mechanism of action, and clinical efficiency are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudem Brahma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar-783370, BTR, Assam, India
| | - Prakash Dhamodhar
- Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bangaluru-560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Reema Kumari
- Department of Botany, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - S Jayashree
- School of Allied Health Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru-560064, Karnataka, India
| | - Talambedu Usha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Middha
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bengaluru-560012, Karnataka, India
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Zhang L, Sui S, Wang S, Sun J. Neuroprotective Effect of Corosolic Acid Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Rats. J Oleo Sci 2022; 71:1501-1510. [PMID: 36089398 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several therapeutic approaches were also urgently needed as ischaemic stroke was one of the most common brain disorders. Many phytochemicals have recently been discovered for the advancement of lead-like libraries that are concentrated on the peripheral and central nervous systems. Science does not yet understand how these drugs work, nor do they comprehend their in vivo characteristics. We investigated the potential benefits of corosolic acid (CA) in the treatment of brain injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Injury occurs after a 2-hour transient occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery and subsequent reperfusion (after 20 hours). Furthermore, the experiment assessed the size of the infarct, the amount of brain water present, as well as the neurofunctional conditions in rats. In the study, several markers of inflammation and cytokines associated with brain injury were measured. The Elisa kit was used in this study to measure the mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin 1β, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitrous oxide (NO). The CA treatment significantly reduced brain water content, brain infarction volume, neurological scores, and Evans blue leakage (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Experimental rats were treated with CA after a significantly reduced level of anti-inflammatory, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative stress mediators was noted in their body tissues and serum (p < 0.001). By suppressing inflammatory responses in rats, CA demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Songtao Sui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital
| | - Si Wang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
| | - Jinbo Sun
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University
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Han H, Chen M, Li Z, Zhou S, Wu Y, Wei J. Corosolic Acid Protects Rat Chondrocytes Against IL-1β-Induced ECM Degradation by Activating Autophagy via PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway and Ameliorates Rat Osteoarthritis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2627-2637. [PMID: 35965964 PMCID: PMC9364989 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s365279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease associated with enhanced degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and decreased autophagy. Our study is aimed to explore how corosolic acid (CRA) affect cartilage ECM metabolism and the potential mechanism. Methods Rat chondrocytes were pretreated with different concentrations of CRA (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 μM), and were stimulated with IL-1β (10ng/mL) for 24 h, subsequently. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of genes related to ECM metabolism and explore the potential molecular mechanism. The effect of CRA on articular cartilage was observed in the surgically induced OA rat model with the method of Safranin O/Fast green and immunohistochemical staining. Results Results showed that CRA reversed the IL-1β-induced degradation of aggrecan and type II collagen and the high expression of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. Mechanistically, CRA enhanced autophagy through inhibiting the classical PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy partly abolished the protective effects of CRA on ECM synthesis in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Correspondingly, the protective effect of CRA was also confirmed in a rat OA model. Conclusion Herein, we demonstrate that CRA can enhance autophagy by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, prevent IL-1β-induced cartilage ECM degradation, and may be a potentially applicable candidate for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingbin Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Wei
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jian Wei, Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Orthopedics, Liuzhou People’s Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13669663233, Email
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Qian XP, Zhang XH, Sun LN, Xing WF, Wang Y, Sun SY, Ma MY, Cheng ZP, Wu ZD, Xing C, Chen BN, Wang YQ. Corosolic acid and its structural analogs: A systematic review of their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153696. [PMID: 34456116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corosolic acid (CA), also known as plant insulin, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from plants such as Lagerstroemia speciosa. It has been shown to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Its structural analogs ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), maslinic acid (MA), asiatic acid (AA) and betulinic acid (BA) display similar individual pharmacological activities to those of CA. However, there is no systematic review documenting pharmacological activities of CA and its structural analogues. This study aims to fill this gap in literature. PURPOSE This systematic review aims to summarize the medical applications of CA and its analogues. METHODS A systematic review summarizes and compares the extraction techniques, pharmacokinetic parameters, and pharmacological effects of CA and its structural analogs. Hypoglycemic effect is one of the key inclusion criteria for searching Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to October 2020 without language restrictions. 'corosolic acid', 'ursolic acid', 'oleanolic acid', 'maslinic acid', 'asiatic acid', 'betulinic acid', 'extraction', 'pharmacokinetic', 'pharmacological' were used to extract relevant literature. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS At the end of the searching process, 140 articles were selected for the systematic review. Information of CA and five of its structural analogs including UA, OA, MA, AA and BA were included in this review. CA and its structural analogs are pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from plants and they have low solubilities in water due to their rigid scaffold and hydrophobic properties. The introduction of water-soluble groups such as sugar or amino groups could increase the solubility of CA and its structural analogs. Their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action are reviewed and compared. CONCLUSION CA and its structural analogs UA, OA, MA, AA and BA are demonstrated to show activities in lowering blood sugar, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor. Their oral absorption and bioavailability can be improved through structural modification and formulation design. CA and its structural analogs are promising natural product-based lead compounds for further development and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ping Qian
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Fan Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Yu Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Yu Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ma
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ping Cheng
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Dong Wu
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Chen Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Bei-Ning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brookhill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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Jeong SY, Kim E, Zhang M, Lee YS, Ji B, Lee SH, Cheong YE, Yun SI, Kim YS, Kim KH, Kim MS, Chun HS, Kim S. Antidiabetic Effect of Noodles Containing Fermented Lettuce Extracts. Metabolites 2021; 11:520. [PMID: 34436461 PMCID: PMC8401091 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine the antidiabetic effect of noodle containing fermented lettuce extract (FLE) on diabetic mice as a pre-clinical study. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenol content of the FLE noodles were analyzed and compared with those of standard noodles. In addition, oral glucose and sucrose tolerance, and fasting blood glucose tests were performed using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-mediated diabetic mouse model. Serum metabolite profiling of mice feed standard or FLE noodles was performed using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to understand the mechanism changes induced by the FLE noodles. The GABA content, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity were high in FLE noodles compared with those in the standard noodles. In vivo experiments also showed that mice fed FLE noodles had lower blood glucose levels and insulin resistance than those fed standard noodles. Moreover, glycolysis, purine metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were altered by FLE as determined by GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics. These results demonstrate that FLE noodles possess significant antidiabetic activity, suggesting the applicability of fermented lettuce extract as a potential food additive for diabetic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Yeon Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
| | - Yun-Seong Lee
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Byeongjun Ji
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Yu Eun Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Young-Soo Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (E.K.); (S.-I.Y.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.E.C.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Hyun Soo Chun
- HumanEnos LLC, Wanju 55347, Korea; (Y.-S.L.); (B.J.)
| | - Sooah Kim
- Department of Environment Science & Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea;
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Cummings KC, Keshock M, Ganesh R, Sigmund A, Kashiwagi D, Devarajan J, Grant PJ, Urman RD, Mauck KF. Preoperative Management of Surgical Patients Using Dietary Supplements: Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement (SPAQI) Consensus Statement. Mayo Clin Proc 2021; 96:1342-1355. [PMID: 33741131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of complementary products poses a challenge to clinicians in the perioperative period and may increase perioperative risk. Because dietary supplements are regulated differently from traditional pharmaceuticals and guidance is often lacking, the Society for Perioperative Assessment and Quality Improvement convened a group of experts to review available literature and create a set of consensus recommendations for the perioperative management of these supplements. Using a modified Delphi method, the authors developed recommendations for perioperative management of 83 dietary supplements. We have made our recommendations to discontinue or continue a dietary supplement based on the principle that without a demonstrated benefit, or with a demonstrated lack of harm, there is little downside in temporarily discontinuing an herbal supplement before surgery. Discussion with patients in the preoperative visit is a crucial time to educate patients as well as gather vital information. Patients should be specifically asked about use of dietary supplements and cannabinoids, as many will not volunteer this information. The preoperative clinic visit provides the best opportunity to educate patients about the perioperative management of various supplements as this visit is typically scheduled at least 2 weeks before the planned procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Cummings
- Department of General Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH.
| | - Maureen Keshock
- Department of Regional Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Ravindra Ganesh
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Deanne Kashiwagi
- Division of Hospital Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Jagan Devarajan
- Department of Regional Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH
| | - Paul J Grant
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Richard D Urman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Karen F Mauck
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Zhou Y, Lv X, Chen M, Guo Y, Ding R, Liu B, Deng X, Wang J. Characterization of Corosolic Acid as a KPC-2 Inhibitor That Increases the Susceptibility of KPC-2-Positive Bacteria to Carbapenems. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1047. [PMID: 32733256 PMCID: PMC7363806 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of KPC-producing Gram-negative bacteria in clinical practice highlights the need to search for novel antimicrobials and new anti-infection strategies. In this study, we constructed a laboratory KPC-2-positive strain, E. coli BL21(DE3) (pET28a-KPC-2) and identified the activity of KPC-2 in this strain. Using enzyme inhibition assays, checkerboard MIC assays, growth curves, time-killing assays and combined disk test, we found that the natural compound corosolic acid (CA) significantly inhibited the activity of the class A β-lactamase KPC-2, which is common among clinical isolates. CA treatment increased the antibacterial or bactericidal activity of imipenem and meropenem against E. coli BL21(DE3) (pET28a-KPC-2) in vitro (FIC index = 0.17 ± 0.03 for both carbapenems). In addition, the mouse intraperitoneal infection model confirmed that the combination therapy significantly reduced the bacterial load in the livers and spleens following subcutaneous administration. Our results showed that CA can be used to extend the life of carbapenems, providing a viable strategy for severe infections caused by KPC-2-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohong Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meishan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Jilin Institute for Food Control, Changchun, China
| | - Xuming Deng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wang ZP, Che Y, Zhou H, Meng YY, Wu HM, Jin YG, Wu QQ, Wang SS, Yuan Y. Corosolic acid attenuates cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction in mice. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:1425-1435. [PMID: 32323841 PMCID: PMC7138284 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CRA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa. The aim of the present study was to determine whether CRA reduces cardiac remodelling following myocardial infarction (MI) and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (PBS-treated) or CRA-treated groups. After 14 days of pre-treatment, the mice were subjected to either sham surgery or permanent ligation of the left anterior descending artery. Following surgery, all animals were treated with PBS or CRA (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, echocardiographic, haemodynamic, gravimetric, histological and biochemical analyses were conducted. The results revealed that, upon MI, mice with CRA treatment exhibited decreased mortality rates, improved ventricular function and attenuated cardiac fibrosis compared with those in control mice. Furthermore, CRA treatment resulted in reduced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, as well as inhibited the transforming growth factor β1/Smad signalling pathway activation in cardiac tissue. In vitro studies further indicated that inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) reversed the protective effect of CRA. In conclusion, the study revealed that CRA attenuated MI-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction through modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress associated with AMPKα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Peng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan Che
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ge Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Furman BL, Candasamy M, Bhattamisra SK, Veettil SK. Reduction of blood glucose by plant extracts and their use in the treatment of diabetes mellitus; discrepancies in effectiveness between animal and human studies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112264. [PMID: 31600561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The global problem of diabetes, together with the limited access of large numbers of patients to conventional antidiabetic medicines, continues to drive the search for new agents. Ancient Asian systems such as traditional Chinese medicine, Japanese Kampo medicine, and Indian Ayurvedic medicine, as well as African traditional medicine and many others have identified numerous plants reported anecdotally to treat diabetes; there are probably more than 800 such plants for which there is scientific evidence for their activity, mostly from studies using various models of diabetes in experimental animals. AIM OF THE REVIEW Rather than a comprehensive coverage of the literature, this article aims to identify discrepancies between findings in animal and human studies, and to highlight some of the problems in developing plant extract-based medicines that lower blood glucose in patients with diabetes, as well as to suggest potential ways forward. METHODS In addition to searching the 2018 PubMed literature using the terms 'extract AND blood glucose, a search of the whole literature was conducted using the terms 'plant extracts' AND 'blood glucose' AND 'diabetes' AND 'double blind' with 'clinical trials' as a filter. A third search using PubMed and Medline was undertaken for systematic reviews and meta-analyses investigating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose/glycosylated haemoglobin in patients with relevant metabolic pathologies. FINDINGS Despite numerous animal studies demonstrating the effects of plant extracts on blood glucose, few randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have been conducted to confirm efficacy in treating humans with diabetes; there have been only a small number of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of clinical studies. Qualitative and quantitative discrepancies between animal and human clinical studies in some cases were marked; the factors contributing to this included variations in the products among different studies, the doses used, differences between animal models and the human disease, and the impact of concomitant therapy in patients, as well as differences in the duration of treatment, and the fact that treatment in animals may begin before or very soon after the induction of diabetes. CONCLUSION The potential afforded by natural products has not yet been realised in the context of treating diabetes mellitus. A systematic, coordinated, international effort is required to achieve the goal of providing anti-diabetic treatments derived from medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Furman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, 161, Cathedral Street Glasgow, G4 ORE, Scotland, UK.
| | - Mayuren Candasamy
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sajesh K Veettil
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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A new HPLC–UV method for the quantification of terpenoids and antioxidant activity of commercial loquat leaf tea and preparation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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12
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Metabolomics approach to identify the active substances influencing the antidiabetic activity of Lagerstroemia species. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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13
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Mousa AM, El-Sammad NM, Abdel-Halim AH, Anwar N, Khalil WKB, Nawwar M, Hashim AN, Elsayed EA, Hassan SK. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers Leaf Extract Attenuates Lung Tumorigenesis via Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E871. [PMID: 31842482 PMCID: PMC6995620 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major etiological factors that account for lung cancer is tobacco use. Benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P], one of the main constituents of tobacco smoke, has a key role in lung carcinogenesis. The present study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity of an aqueous ethanolic extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers leaves (LLE) on human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549), as well as its in vivo antitumor effect on a lung tumorigenesis mice model. Our results revealed that LLE possesses cytotoxic activity against the A549 cell line. Mice orally administered B(a)P (50 mg/kg body weight) showed an increase in relative lung weight with subsequent decrease in final body weight. Serum levels of tumor marker enzymes AHH, ADA and LDH and the inflammatory mediator NF-κB increased, while total antioxidant capacity (TAC) decreased. In addition, we observed the increased activity of metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-12) and levels of the tumor angiogenesis marker VEFG and the lipid peroxidation marker MDA, as well as decreased levels of the non-enzymatic antioxidant GSH and enzymatic antioxidants CAT and GSH-Px in lung tissues. Moreover, B(a)P administration up-regulated the expression of the COX-2 gene, pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, and an anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2, and at the same time down-regulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes BAX and caspase-3 and the p53 gene. Pre- and post-treatment with LLE (250 mg/kg body weight) attenuated all these abnormalities. Histopathological observations verified the protective effect of LLE. Overall, the present data positively confirm the potent antitumor effect of L. speciosa leaves against lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amria M. Mousa
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Nermin M. El-Sammad
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Abeer H. Abdel-Halim
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
| | - Nayera Anwar
- Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 12796, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K. B. Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Nawwar
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Amani N. Hashim
- Phytochemistry and Plant Systematics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Elsayed A. Elsayed
- Zoology Department, Bioproducts Research Chair, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sherien K. Hassan
- Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; (A.M.M.); (N.M.E.-S.); (A.H.A.-H.); (S.K.H.)
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Sandeep, Misra RC, Chanotiya CS, Mukhopadhyay P, Ghosh S. Oxidosqualene cyclase and CYP716 enzymes contribute to triterpene structural diversity in the medicinal tree banaba. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:408-424. [PMID: 30472753 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenes (PCTs) represent a major class of bioactive metabolites in banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) leaves; however, biosynthetic enzymes and their involvement in the temporal accumulation of PCTs remain to be studied. We use an integrated approach involving transcriptomics, metabolomics and gene function analysis to identify oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) that catalyzed sequential cyclization and oxidative reactions towards PCT scaffold diversification. Four monofunctional OSCs (LsOSC1,3-5) converted the triterpene precursor 2,3-oxidosqualene to either lupeol, β-amyrin or cycloartenol, and a multifunctional LsOSC2 formed α-amyrin as a major product along with β-amyrin. Two CYP716 family P450s (CYP716A265, CYP716A266) catalyzed C-28 oxidation of α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol to form ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid, respectively. However, CYP716C55 catalyzed C-2α hydroxylation of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid to produce corosolic acid and maslinic acid, respectively. Besides, combined transcript and metabolite analysis suggested major roles for the LsOSC2, CYP716A265 and CYP716C55 in determining leaf ursane and oleanane profiles. Combinatorial expression of OSCs and CYP716s in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Nicotiana benthamiana led to PCT pathway reconstruction, signifying the utility of banaba enzymes for bioactive PCT production in alternate plant/microbial hosts that are more easily tractable than the tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rajesh Chandra Misra
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Chandan Singh Chanotiya
- Chemical Sciences Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Pradipto Mukhopadhyay
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Biotechnology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
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Xu S, Wang G, Peng W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ge Y, Jing Y, Gong Z. Corosolic acid isolated from Eriobotrya japonica leaves reduces glucose level in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, zebrafish and rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4388. [PMID: 30867526 PMCID: PMC6416347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with high morbidity and mortality is characterized by abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism due in part to insulin resistance in liver, which lead to elevated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. This study sough to explore the effects of corosolic acid (CA) in different T2D models and explored the underlying mechanism. Separated from Eriobotrya japonica leaves, CA purity was above 95% measured by a HPLC method. Compared with cAMP and DEX induced T2D HepG2 model, CA significantly stimulated glucose consumption and improved glycogen accumulation by inhibiting PEPCK mRNA expression. And in cAMP and DEX induced T2D zebrafish model, CA reduced glycogen degradation and increased glucose consumption by regulating some key enzymes in carbon metabolism including GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, LDHA, LDHB, GP, G6Pase, GYS1, and PFKFB3. In addition, insulin receptor signals were also involved in CA-regulated hypoglycemic action. Furthermore, in STZ-induced T2D rat model, compared with diabetic control groups, CA remarkably downregulated the levels of serum lipid, blood glucose, ICAM-1, malonaldehyde and insulin resistance index, while upregulated SOD activity and impaired glucose tolerance. In a conclusion, CA can regulate glucose and lipid metabolic adaptation in T2D like HepG2, zebrafish and rat models partly through reducing inflammation and oxidative stress and suppressing PEPCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Xu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Department of Scientific Research Management, Anhui Academy of Science and Technology, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandi Xu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ge
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Fang ZJ, Shen SN, Wang JM, Wu YJ, Zhou CX, Mo JX, Lin LG, Gan LS. Triterpenoids from Cyclocarya paliurus that Enhance Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24010187. [PMID: 30621331 PMCID: PMC6337507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four previously undescribed compounds, including three rarely occurring seco-dammarane triterpenoid glycosides and a pentacyclic triterpenic acid, were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract of the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Juglandaceae), along with eleven known triterpenoids. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques, including 2D NMR and HRESIMS, as well as chemical methods. Among them, several triterpenoids enhanced insulin stimulated glucose uptake in both 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, compound 1 dose-dependently increased glucose uptake through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-p38 pathway. Collectively, triterpenoids from C. paliurus could be developed as insulin sensitizers, which might have therapeutic potential for insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yong-Jiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chang-Xin Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Xia Mo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
| | - Li-She Gan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, 291 Fucheng Road, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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17
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A, Fogacci F, Bove M, Rosticci M, Borghi C. Effects of a Combined Nutraceutical on Lipid Pattern, Glucose Metabolism and Inflammatory Parameters in Moderately Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Double-blind, Cross-over, Randomized Clinical Trial. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2017; 24:13-18. [PMID: 27339779 PMCID: PMC5315731 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-016-0163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest for combined nutraceuticals that can act on several points of lipid and glucose metabolism with preventive purposes. However, the simple assemblage of nutraceuticals with potentially additive mechanism of action need to be clinically tested. METHODS To assess the effects of a combination of nutraceuticals based on artichoke, red yeast rice, banaba, and coenzyme Q10, we performed a double bind, cross-over designed trial versus placebo in 30 adults with LDL cholesterol suboptimal in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. After a period of 3 weeks of dietary habits correction, patients began a period of 6 weeks of treatment with nutraceutical or placebo, followed by 2 weeks of washout and finally 6 weeks in cross-over. Data related to lipid pattern, insulin resistance, renal function, liver and CPK have been obtained at each visit. RESULTS In particular, the after the nutraceutical treatment the enrolled patients experienced a significant improvement in total cholesterol (-13.6 %), LDL-C (-18.2 %), non-HDL-C (-15 %), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (-10 %), glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (-30.9 %), and hs-CRP (-18.2 %) versus placebo. No changes have been observed in the other investigated parameters in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The tested combination of nutraceuticals has shown clinical efficacy in the reduction of total cholesterol, non-HDL, LDL and triglycerides, while improving the level of liver transaminases and high sensitivity C-reactive protein. Further confirmation are needed to verify these observations on the middle and long term with a larger number of subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo Francesco Giuseppe Cicero
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- Hypertension Research Center, Poliambulatorio Pad. 2, Via Albertoni, 15, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Fogacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilisa Bove
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Rosticci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Borghi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Major Phytochemical as γ-Sitosterol Disclosing and Toxicity Testing in Lagerstroemia Species. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:7209851. [PMID: 28191023 PMCID: PMC5278189 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7209851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants in genus Lagerstroemia were investigated for phytochemical contents by GC-MS and HPLC with ethanol and hexane extracts and their toxicity MTT and comet assay on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). γ-Sitosterol is the major component found in all species at 14.70–34.44%. All of the extracts, except for L. speciosa ethanol extract, showed high percentages of cell viability. The IC50 value, 0.24 mg/mL, of ethanol L. speciosa extract predicted an LD50 of 811.78 mg/kg, which belongs to WHO Class III of toxic chemicals. However, in-depth toxicity evaluation by the comet assay showed that the four tested species induced significant (p < 0.05) DNA damage in PBMCs. γ-Sitosterol was previously reported to possess antihyperglycemic activity by increasing insulin secretion in response to glucose. Nonetheless, consumers should consider its toxicity, and the amount of consumption should be of concern.
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Gupta P, Bala M, Gupta S, Dua A, Dabur R, Injeti E, Mittal A. Efficacy and risk profile of anti-diabetic therapies: Conventional vs traditional drugs—A mechanistic revisit to understand their mode of action. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:636-674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1134-44. [PMID: 26778479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS. CHAPTERS Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa. CONCLUSION Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Jia Y, Yuan H, Shan S, Xu G, Yu J, Zhao C, Mou X. Corosolic acid inhibits the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by inducing apoptosis. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:4187-4194. [PMID: 27895790 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CRA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from medicinal herbs, has been reported to exhibit anticancer properties in several cancers. However, the anticancer activity of CRA in osteosarcoma cells is still unclear. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of CRA in osteosarcoma MG-63 cells was investigated, and the results revealed that CRA significantly inhibited the viability of MG-63 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. A typical apoptotic hallmark such as DNA ladder was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis following treatment with CRA. Further experiments demonstrated that CRA induced apoptosis of MG-63 cells by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and annexin V staining. In addition, it was observed that the apoptosis of MG-63 cells induced by CRA was closely associated with activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, suggesting that CRA may trigger the activation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway. In addition, the inhibition of caspase activity attenuated the CRA-induced apoptosis of MG-63 cells, which further confirmed the role of the mitochondrial pathway in CRA-induced apoptosis. These results indicated that CRA could induce the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells through activating the mitochondrial pathway, which provides an evidence that CRA may be a useful chemotherapeutic agent for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jia
- Orthopedic Center of Chinese PLA, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shouqin Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Qingdao First Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Orthopedic Center of Chinese PLA, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Information, Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, P.R. China
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Mou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Corosolic acid protects hepatocytes against ethanol-induced damage by modulating mitogen-activated protein kinases and activating autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:578-588. [PMID: 27663281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species(ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) destroyed autophagy and the reactive oxygen species/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway are considered closely related to ethanol-induced hepatocellular injury. Previous work indicated that corosolic acid, the natural extracts of leaves of the banaba tree, Lagerstroemia speciosa L., could protect the liver against ethanol-induced damage, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. In the study we found that corosolic acid significantly inhibited ethanol-induced apoptosis, increased level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and reactive oxygen species accumulation in vitro. Corosolic acid inhibited ethanol-activated p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase MAPK signaling in BRL-3A and HepG2 cells as well as in experimental rats. Corosolic acid restored the ethanol-suppressed expression of autophagy-related genes, including beclin-1 and the ratio of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3II/I (LC3II/I) via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation both in vitro and in vivo. In experimental rats, corosolic acid ameliorated the detrimental histopathological findings. Corosolic acid may protect the liver against ethanol-induced injury by modulation of MAPK signaling and autophagy activation. These findings suggested that corosolic acid might be a promising agent in treatment of alcoholic liver diseases.
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Li Y, Zhou ZH, Chen MH, Yang J, Leng J, Cao GS, Xin GZ, Liu LF, Kou JP, Liu BL, Li P, Wen XD. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission and NOX2 Expression Prevent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in the Endothelium: The Role of Corosolic Acid Action in the Amelioration of Endothelial Dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:893-908. [PMID: 26869350 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Corosolic acid (CRA) is a natural triterpenoid with antioxidative activity. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanism through which CRA protected vessel endothelial homeostasis by combating oxidative stress. RESULTS In endothelial cells, CRA induced dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) phosphorylation at Ser637 and thus inhibited mitochondrial fission in response to oxidative stress. It promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in an LKB1-dependent manner, and silencing AMPK abrogated its inhibitory effect on Drp1 activation and mitochondrial fission. CRA inhibited the translocation of p47(phox) and p67(phox) and the overexpression of gp91(phox) induced by palmitate (PA), demonstrating its action in suppression of NOX2 activation. Drp1 knockdown reduced PA-induced gp91(phox) expression, while Drp1 induction was also diminished by gp91(phox) knockdown, suggesting the reciprocal relationship between NOX2 and Drp1. Knockdown Drp1 or gp91(phox) attenuated PA-induced NLRP3 induction and enhanced inhibitory effects of CRA. Oral administration of CRA in high-fat diet mice reproduced similar regulation in the aorta endothelium, further confirming its protection on endothelial homeostasis in vivo. INNOVATION This study demonstrated that the defect in mitochondrial morphology is associated with the oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the endothelium. Drp1 and NOX2 regulated each other and worked together to induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that modulation of Drp1 phosphorylation (Ser637) might be a potential therapeutic target for combating oxidative stress in vessel diseases. CONCLUSION CRA prevented mitochondrial fission by regulation of Drp1 phosphorylation (Ser637) in an AMPK-dependent manner, and this action contributed to blocking NOX2 oxidase signaling and suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the endothelium. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 893-908.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhou
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Hong Chen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Leng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Sheng Cao
- 3 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Zhong Xin
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 2 Department of Chinese Medicines Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Ping Kou
- 3 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
- 3 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Wen
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing, P.R. China
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Rana S, Kumar S, Rathore N, Padwad Y, Bhushana S. Nutrigenomics and its Impact on Life Style Associated Metabolic Diseases. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:261-78. [PMID: 27252592 PMCID: PMC4869012 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160202220422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-human genome revelation observes the emergence of 'Nutigenomics' as one of the exciting scientific advancement influencing mankind around the world. Food or more precisely 'nutrition' has the major impact in defining the cause-response interaction between nutrient (diet) and human health. In addition to substantial understanding of nutrition-human-health interaction, bases of 'nutrigenomic' development foster on advent in transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics as well as insight into food as health supplement. Interaction of selected nutrient with associated genes in specific organ or tissue necessary to comprehend that how individual's genetic makeup (DNA transcribed into mRNA and then to proteins) respond to particular nutrient. It provided new opportunities to incorporate natural bioactive compounds into food for specific group of people with similar genotype. As inception of diabetes associated with change in gene expression of, not limited to, protein kinase B, insulin receptor, duodenal homeobox and glucokinase, thus, targeting such proteins by modifying or improving the nutritional availability or uptake may help to devise novel food, supplements, or nutraceuticals. In this article, various aspects of R&D in nutrigenomics are reviewed to ascertain its impact on human health, especially with life-style associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalika Rana
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology,
Palampur176 061 (HP), India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Department of Food Nutraceuticals and Quality
Control, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology,
Palampur176 061 (HP), India
| | - Nikita Rathore
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lab, Department of Food Nutraceuticals and Quality
Control, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology,
Palampur176 061 (HP), India
| | - Shashi Bhushana
- Department of Biotechnology, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061 (HP), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology,
Palampur176 061 (HP), India
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Jiang X, Li T, Liu RH. 2α-Hydroxyursolic Acid Inhibited Cell Proliferation and Induced Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cells through the p38/MAPK Signal Transduction Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1806-1816. [PMID: 26872218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of action of 2α-hydroxyursolic acid in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells were investigated. The antiproliferative activity and cytotoxicity were determined by the methylene blue assay. The expression of proteins was determined using Western blot. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, and no cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 30 μM. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid significantly down-regulated expressions of TRAF2, PCNA, cyclin D1, and CDK4 and up-regulated the expressions of p-ASK1, p-p38, p-p53, and p-21. 2α-Hydroxyursolic acid induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by significantly increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and inducing the cleaved caspase-3. Additionally, treatment of SB203580, a p38 MAPK specific inhibitor, reversed the inhibition of PCNA, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 expression induced by 2α-hydroxyursolic acid in MDA-MB-231 cells. These results suggested that 2α-hydroxyursolic acid exhibited anticancer activity through the inhibition of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis by regulating the p38/MAPK signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Department of Food Science, 245 Stocking Hall, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-7201, United States
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Food Science, 245 Stocking Hall, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-7201, United States
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, 245 Stocking Hall, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-7201, United States
- Institute of Comparative and Environmental Toxicology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853-7201, United States
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Park SW, Kwon MJ, Yoo JY, Choi HJ, Ahn YJ. Antiviral activity and possible mode of action of ellagic acid identified in Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves toward human rhinoviruses. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:171. [PMID: 24885569 PMCID: PMC4052798 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are responsible for more than half of all cases of the common cold and cause billions of USD annually in medical visits and school and work absenteeism. An assessment was made of the cytotoxic and antiviral activities and possible mode of action of the tannin ellagic acid from the leaves of Lagerstroemia speciosa toward HeLa cells and three rhinoviruses, HRV-2, -3, and -4. METHODS The antiviral property and mechanism of action of ellagic acid were evaluated using a sulforhodamine B assay and real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) with SYBR Green dye. Results were compared with those of the currently used broad-spectrum antiviral agent, ribavirin. RESULTS As judged by 50% inhibitory concentration values, natural ellagic acid was 1.8, 2.3, and 2.2 times more toxic toward HRV-2 (38 μg/mL), HRV-3 (31 μg/mL), and HRV-4 (29 μg/mL) than ribavirin, respectively. The inhibition rate of preincubation with 50 μg/mL ellagic acid was 17%, whereas continuous presence of ellagic acid during infection led to a significant increase in the inhibition (70%). Treatment with 50 μg/mL ellagic acid considerably suppressed HRV-4 infection only when added just after the virus inoculation (0 h) (87% inhibition), but not before -1 h or after 1 h or later (<20% inhibition). These findings suggest that ellagic acid does not interact with the HRV-4 particles and may directly interact with the human cells in the early stage of HRV infections to protect the cells from the virus destruction. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis revealed that 50 μg/mL ellagic acid strongly inhibited the RNA replication of HRV-4 in HeLa cells, suggesting that ellagic acid inhibits virus replication by targeting on cellular molecules, rather than virus molecules. CONCLUSIONS Global efforts to reduce the level of antibiotics justify further studies on L. speciosa leaf-derived materials containing ellagic acid as potential anti-HRV products or a lead molecule for the prevention or treatment of HRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Wook Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kwon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Yoo
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Choi
- Department of Infection Biology, Zoonosis Research Center, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 570-749, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ahn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Sung B, Kang YJ, Kim DH, Hwang SY, Lee Y, Kim M, Yoon JH, Kim CM, Chung HY, Kim ND. Corosolic acid induces apoptotic cell death in HCT116 human colon cancer cells through a caspase-dependent pathway. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:943-9. [PMID: 24481288 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Corosolic acid (CA), a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Lagerstroemia speciosa L. (also known as Banaba), has been shown to exhibit anticancer properties in various cancer cell lines. However, the anticancer activity of CA on human colorectal cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of CA on cell viability and apoptosis in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. CA dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HCT116 cells. The typical hallmarks of apoptosis, such as chromatin condensation, a sub-G1 peak and phosphatidylserine externalization were detected by Hoechst 33342 staining, flow cytometry and Annexin V staining following treatment with CA. Western blot analysis revealed that CA induced a decrease in the levels of procaspase-8, -9 and -3 and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The apoptotic cell death induced by CA was accompanied by the activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, which was completely abrogated by the pan-caspase inhibitor, z-VAD‑FMK. Furthermore, CA upregulated the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Fas and FasL and downregulated the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2 and survivin. Taken together, our data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of CA-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC), rendering this compound a potential anticancer agent for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Min Kim
- Research Center for Anti‑Aging Technology Development, Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention (MRCA), Pusan National University, Busan 609‑735, Republic of Korea
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Li JJ, Li Y, Bai M, Tan JF, Wang Q, Yang J. Simultaneous determination of corosolic acid and euscaphic acid in the plasma of normal and diabetic rat after oral administration of extract ofPotentilla discolorBunge by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 28:717-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Min Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jing-fu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing 210009 China
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Retracted: Management of Diabetes and Its Complications with Banaba ( Lagerstroemia speciosa L.) and Corosolic Acid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/694543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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