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Ayyappan A, Arockiasamy S. Synthesis, crystal structure, biological and docking studies of 5-hydroxy-2-{[(2-methylpropyl)iminio]methyl}phenolate. Future Med Chem 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39258968 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2389763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Schiff base compounds are potential drugs.Results: A Schiff base compound prepared by condensing 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde and isobutylamine was characterized for structure, thermal, physicochemical and biological properties. The keto-enol tautomerism and azomethine functionality enhances electron delocaliZation and biological activity. The compound showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity at 40 μg/ml against bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and fungi like Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The docking study exhibits a moderate binding affinity for the GyrB protein in E. coli with a binding energy of -4.26 kcal/mol.Conclusion: The compound exhibits enhanced biological activity and suppression of cell growth at concentrations as low as 30 μg/ml. The IC50 for MFC-7 was found to be 41.5 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Ayyappan
- Chemistry Department, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai-127, India
| | - Sebastian Arockiasamy
- Chemistry Department, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai-127, India
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Ease to Challenges in Achieving Successful Synthesized Schiff Base, Chirality, and Application as Antibacterial Agent. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1626488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
This study reports how to overcome the challenges experienced in achieving successful synthesized Schiff base via types of Schiff base (chiral and achiral), synthesis, nature of products, and its antibacterial applications. Schiff base is a versatile ligand which is useful in asymmetric reactions to prepare chiral catalysts. It is also used in symmetric reactions to prepare achiral compounds. In line with the achiral compounds, conventional (room temperature and refluxing) and microwave irradiation methods are the two main types of methods to synthesize achiral Schiff base as reported in this review. Among various experimental approaches, this study supports the green chemistry microwave approach to synthesize Schiff base because of its benefits environmental sustainability. Problems relating to the nature of products formed from the synthesized Schiff bases were examined and resolved. Herein, the products could either be solid (crystals, powder, and precipitate), oily, or viscous (sticky) products. Some familiar characterization techniques used to identify and confirm the successful syntheses of Schiff bases, such as solubility test, melting point (MP), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR), were discussed. In addition, the antibacterial studies on Schiff base and corresponding metal complexes confirmed their biological relevance to the human.
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Pincer Complexes Derived from Tridentate Schiff Bases for Their Use as Antimicrobial Metallopharmaceuticals. INORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the current challenges in medicinal chemistry, the development of new and better therapeutic agents effective against infectious diseases produced by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites stands out. With chemotherapy as one of the main strategies against these diseases focusing on the administration of organic and inorganic drugs, the latter is generally based on the synergistic effect produced by the formation of metal complexes with biologically active organic compounds. In this sense, Schiff bases (SBs) represent and ideal ligand scaffold since they have demonstrated a broad spectrum of antitumor, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. In addition, SBs are synthesized in an easy manner from one-step condensation reactions, being thus suitable for facile structural modifications, having the imine group as a coordination point found in most of their metal complexes, and promoting chelation when other donor atoms are three, four, or five bonds apart. However, despite the wide variety of metal complexes found in the literature using this type of ligands, only a handful of them include on their structures tridentate SBs ligands and their biological evaluation has been explored. Hence, this review summarizes the most important antimicrobial activity results reported this far for pincer-type complexes (main group and d-block) derived from SBs tridentate ligands.
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Adithya Krishnan M, Saranyaparvathi S, Raksha C, Vrinda B, Girish CG, Kulkarni NV, Kharisov BI. Transition Metal Complexes of 4-Aminoantipyrine Derivatives and Their Antimicrobial Applications. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022; 48. [PMCID: PMC9629202 DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422110082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes of 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives have been gaining great interest due to their rich coordination chemistry and potential applications in the field of pharmaceutical science. The presence of a free amine and a cyclic ketone functionality makes 4-aminoantipyrine an attractive amphoteric substrate for Schiff base formation. Varieties of aldehydes/ketones or amines of versatile steric, electronic and functional nature could be condensed with the 4-aminoantipyrine motif to obtain the ligand systems of multi-denticity and diverse coordination behaviour. The transition metal complexes obtained from these ligand systems exhibit unique structural and functional properties. This review compiles the important transition metal complexes developed from the Schiff base derivatives of 4-aminoantipyrine, and their utility as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Rationale of the strategies involved in the development of highly potential antimicrobial agents is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Adithya Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690525 Amritapuri, Kerala India
| | - S. Saranyaparvathi
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690525 Amritapuri, Kerala India
| | - C. Raksha
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690525 Amritapuri, Kerala India
| | - B. Vrinda
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690525 Amritapuri, Kerala India
| | - C. Geethu Girish
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690525 Amritapuri, Kerala India
| | - N. V. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, 690525 Amritapuri, Kerala India
| | - B. I. Kharisov
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Laboratorio de Materiales I, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Universidad, Ciudad Universitaria, 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León México
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Preparation, Antimicrobial Activity and Docking Study of Vanadium Mixed Ligand Complexes Containing 4-Amino-5-hydrazinyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and Aminophenol Derivatives. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of mixed-ligand complexes is considered an important strategy for developing new metal complexes of enhanced biological activity. This paper presents the synthesis, characterization, in vitro antimicrobial assessment, and theoretical molecular docking evaluation for synthesized oxidovanadium (V) complexes. The proposed structures of the synthesized compounds were proved using elemental and different spectroscopic analysis. The antimicrobial tests showed moderate activity of the compounds against the Gram-positive bacterial strains and the fungal yeast, whereas no activity was observed against the Gram-negative bacterial strains. The performance of density functional theory (DFT) was conducted to study the interaction mode of the targeted compounds with the biological system. Calculating the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSPR) was performed depending on optimization geometries, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), and chemical reactivities for synthesized compounds. The molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) that were plotted link the interaction manner of synthesized compounds with the receptor. The molecular docking evaluation revealed that the examined compounds may possess potential antibacterial activity.
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Alam MS, Lee DU. Molecular structure, spectral (FT-IR, FT-Raman, Uv-Vis, and fluorescent) properties and quantum chemical analyses of azomethine derivative of 4-aminoantipyrine. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sakthivel A, Jeyasubramanian K, Thangagiri B, Raja JD. Recent advances in schiff base metal complexes derived from 4-aminoantipyrine derivatives and their potential applications. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Malik MA, Dar OA, Gull P, Wani MY, Hashmi AA. Heterocyclic Schiff base transition metal complexes in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:409-436. [PMID: 30108933 PMCID: PMC6071736 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of people suffering from cancer and multidrug-resistant infections has sharply increased, leaving humanity without any choice but to search for new treatment options and strategies. Although cancer is considered the leading cause of death worldwide, it also paves the way many microbial infections and thus increases this burden manifold. Development of small molecules as anticancer and anti-microbial agents has great potential and a plethora of drugs are already available to combat these diseases. However, the wide occurrence of multidrug resistance in both cancer and microbial infections necessitates the development of new and potential molecules with desired properties that could circumvent the multidrug resistance problem. A successful strategy in anticancer chemotherapy has been the use of metallo-drugs and this strategy has the potential to be used for treating multidrug-resistant infections more efficiently. As a class of molecules, Schiff bases have been the topic of considerable interest, owing to their versatile metal chelating properties, inherent biological activities and flexibility to modify the structure to fine-tune it for a particular biological application. Schiff base-based metallo-drugs are being researched to develop new anticancer and anti-microbial chemotherapies and because both anticancer and anti-microbial targets are different, heterocyclic Schiff bases can be structurally modified to achieve the desired molecule, targeting a particular disease. In this review, we collect the most recent and relevant literature concerning the synthesis of heterocyclic Schiff base metal complexes as anticancer and anti-microbial agents and discuss the potential and future of this class of metallo-drugs as either anticancer or anti-microbial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad Malik
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ; Tel: +91 9868523358
| | - Ovas Ahmad Dar
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ; Tel: +91 9868523358
| | - Parveez Gull
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ; Tel: +91 9868523358
| | - Mohmmad Younus Wani
- Texas Therapeutics Institute , Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine , The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , 1881 East Road , Houston 77054 , TX , USA
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , University of Jeddah , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Athar Adil Hashmi
- Department of Chemistry , Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University) , New Delhi-110025 , India . ; Tel: +91 9868523358
- Chemistry Department , Faculty of Science , King Abdulaziz University , P.O. Box 80203 , Jeddah , 21589 , Saudi Arabia
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Bischelated complexes of a dithiocarbazate N,S Schiff base ligand: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-017-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Preparation and Electronic Property Investigation of Zinc(II)-Schiff Base Complexes in the Confined Space. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/206847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-Schiff base complexes have attracted continued research interest regarding their intriguing and useful features, while the electronic properties of these complexes in the confined space have not been sufficiently addressed in previous studies. In this work, a new zinc(II)-Schiff base complex bis(N-dodecyl salicylideneiminato)Zn(II) (1) was synthesized and subsequently loaded in an inorganic solid host. A large red shift (~40 nm) of the absorption onset was recorded, when the microenvironment of1changed from the solvent ethanol to the inorganic solid medium, evidencing the confined space effect. The marked shift of the absorption onset was associated with a band-gap reduction between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). Theoretical calculation results showed that the confined space effect is distance dependent and exerts a more profound influence on the HOMO than the LUMO within an effective distance range. An initial study implied that the confined space effect is also accompanied with the electron density variation.
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