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Wang R, Stanley T, Yao X, Liu H, Wang Y. Collagen stabilization by natural cross-linkers: A qualitative and quantitative FTIR study on ultra-thin dentin collagen model. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:440-450. [PMID: 35249902 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Due to its low tolerance to external factors such as enzymes, dentin collagen often requires stabilization, which can be achieved through cross-linking. In this study, qualitative and quantitative Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses were used to assess dentin collagen stabilization effects of three structurally-different flavonoids -A-type linkage proanthocyanidins (A-PA), B-type linkage proanthocyanidins (B-PA), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), all from natural extracts. Particularly, transmission FTIR spectroscopy was used for the first time to quantitatively assess the biodegradation of fresh ultra-thin (10 µm) dentin collagen films caused by collagenase digestion. Two traditional analytical methods, namely the hydroxyproline assay and weight loss analysis, were also used for comparison purposes. The results from all three methods showed consistently that A-PA and B-PA provide better collagen stabilization than EGCG at concentrations of 0.65% and 1.3% (p<0.01). FTIR is demonstrated to be a valuable and reliable analytical tool for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of ultra-thin collagen films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Tyler Stanley
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Xiaomei Yao
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City
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2
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Ichikawa T, Sugamoto K, Matsuura Y, Kunitake H, Shimoda K, Morishita K. Inhibition of ATL cell proliferation by polymerized proanthocyanidin from blueberry leaves through JAK proteolysis. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1406-1416. [PMID: 35100463 PMCID: PMC8990289 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that the proanthocyanidin (PAC) fraction of blueberry leaf extract (BB-PAC) inhibits the proliferation of human T lymphotropic retrovirus (HTLV-1)-infected adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) by inducing apoptosis. In the present study, we further analyzed the structure of BB-PAC and elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the inhibitory function of HTLV-1 infected and ATL cells. After hot water extraction with fractionation with methanol-acetone, BB-PAC was found to be concentrated in fractions 4 to 7 (Fr 7). The strongest inhibition of ATL cell growth was observed with Fr7, which contained the highest BB-PAC polymerization degree of 14. The basic structure of BB-PAC is mainly B-type bonds, with A-type bonds (7.1%) and cinchonain I units as the terminal unit (6.1%). The molecular mechanism of cytotoxicity observed around Fr7 against ATL cells was the degradation of JAK1 to 3 and the dephosphorylation of STAT3/5, which occurs by proteasome-dependent proteolysis, confirming that PAC directly binds to HSP90. JAK degradation was caused by proteasome-dependent proteolysis, and we identified the direct binding of PAC to HSP90. In addition, the binding of cochaperone ATPase homolog 1 (AHA1) to HSP90, which is required for activation of the cofactor HSP90, was inhibited by BB-PAC treatment. Therefore, BB-PAC inhibited the formation of the HSP90/AHA1 complex and promoted the degradation of JAK protein due to HSP90 dysfunction. These results suggest that the highly polymerized PAC component from blueberry leaves has great potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent against HTLV-1 infected and ATL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sugamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuura
- Miyazaki Prefectural Food Research and Development Center, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hisato Kunitake
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Director of Center for Collaborative Research & Community Cooperation, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.,Project for Advanced Medical Research and Development, Project Research Division, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Wang R, Dang M, Zhu W, Li C. Galloyl Group in B-type Proanthocyanidin Dimers Was Responsible for Its Differential Inhibitory Activity on 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes due to the Strong Lipid Raft-Perturbing Potency. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5216-5225. [PMID: 33891410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of three B-type proanthocyanidin (PA) dimers covering procyanidin B2 (B-0g), procyanidin B2 3'-O-gallate (B-1g), and procyanidin B2 3,3'-di-O-gallate (B-2g) on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that digalloylated B-type PA dimers (B-2g) strongly inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation through disrupting the integrity of the lipid raft structure and inhibiting the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and then downregulating the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) factors, followed by B-1g, while B-0g had little effect. The different inhibitory effects were mainly due to the difference in the B-type PA dimer structure and the ability to interfere with lipid rafts. The greater the galloylation degree of B-type PA dimers, the stronger the ability to disrupt the lipid raft structure and oppose 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, galloylated B-type PA dimers had greater molecular hydrophobicity and topological polarity surface area and could penetrate into the lipid rafts to form multiple hydrogen bonds with the rafts by molecular dynamics simulation. These findings highlighted that the strong lipid raft-perturbing potency of galloylated B-type PA dimers was responsible for inhibition of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Meizhu Dang
- School of Energy and Intelligence Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhanz 430070, China
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4
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Zhu W, Khalifa I, Wang R, Li C. Persimmon highly galloylated-tannins in vitro mitigated α-amylase and α-glucosidase via statically binding with their catalytic-closed sides and altering their secondary structure elements. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13234. [PMID: 32301514 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reticence of α-amylase (α-Amy) and α-glucosidase (α-Glu) is needed due to their mitigation potency on the glucose absorption. In this study, the anti-amylolytic effects of persimmon tannins (PT) on α-Amy and α-Glu and their interaction mechanisms were investigated. It was found that PT inhibited α-Amy and α-Glu with the half inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values of 0.35 and 0.24 mg/ml, respectively. Fluorescence and FT-IR spectrometry results showed that PT could bind to enzymes and alter their conformations. Molecular docking showed that the structural units of PT interacted with the key sites (amino acids Glu233, Asp197, and Asp300) of α-Amy by H-bonds and π-π interactions, while they bound to the residues closed to the active sites of α-Glu. The whole results implied that PT was a promising mitigator of α-Amy and α-Glu. It might help to understand mechanisms of glycemic response inhibition of PT and develop certain therapeutic strategies against diabetes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: α-Amy and α-Glu are the crucial starch digestive enzymes associated with type II diabetes mellitus in humans. Persimmon is an excellent source of bio-functional tannins which potentially mitigate the type II diabetes. This study showed that PT beneficially decreased the action of the carbohydrate digestion-related enzymes, namely α-Amy and α-Glu via interaction simultaneously, which could be used to formulate a functional food and natural medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ibrahim Khalifa
- Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Food Science (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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5
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Forgie AJ, Fouhse JM, Willing BP. Diet-Microbe-Host Interactions That Affect Gut Mucosal Integrity and Infection Resistance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1802. [PMID: 31447837 PMCID: PMC6691341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract microbiome plays a critical role in regulating host innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogenic bacteria. Disease associated dysbiosis and environmental induced insults, such as antibiotic treatments can lead to increased susceptibility to infection, particularly in a hospital setting. Dietary intervention is the greatest tool available to modify the microbiome and support pathogen resistance. Some dietary components can maintain a healthy disease resistant microbiome, whereas others can contribute to an imbalanced microbial population, impairing intestinal barrier function and immunity. Characterizing the effects of dietary components through the host-microbe axis as it relates to gastrointestinal health is vital to provide evidence-based dietary interventions to mitigate infections. This review will cover the effect of dietary components (carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, fats, polyphenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals) on intestinal integrity and highlight their ability to modulate host-microbe interactions as to improve pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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do Carmo Ota E, Honorato CA, Heredia-Vieira SC, Flores-Quintana CI, de Castro Silva TS, Inoue LAKA, Cardoso CAL. Hepatic and gastroprotective activity of Serjania marginata leaf aqueous extract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1051-1065. [PMID: 31089991 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the leaf aqueous extract composition of Serjania marginata and the effects of its inclusion on the diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with respect to the activity of digestive enzymes and enzymes associated with the metabolism of the liver and intestine and liver histopathology. Fish (initial mean weight, 54.36 ± 17.04 g) were divided into groups: fasting (without feeding), control (commercial feed), and treatment (commercial feed with leaf aqueous extract of Serjania marginata), and in each aquarium, there were five individuals and the fish fed ad libitum for 15 days. Treatment fish had ingested on average 224.3 mg of extract/kg of fish/day. In the extract analysis by mass spectrometry, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, A-type proanthocyanidin trimer, and quinic acid were identified. In the enzymatic activity, fish from the treatment group showed higher level of alkaline phosphatase, while the hepatotoxic markers (AST and ALT) and levels of lipase, amylase, and nonspecific protease did not differ (p > 0.05). In liver histopathological analysis, it was observed that fish from the treatment showed normal structure, while abnormalities were associated with control (fibrosis, loss of cordonal architecture, vacuolated hepatocytes with nucleus displaced to the periphery) and fasting (reduction in hepatocyte size and sinusoidal space). The intestine histopathology evidenced that the extract favored the development of goblet cells and intestinal fold height. The results indicated that the leaf aqueous extract of S. marginata assists in the structural maintenance of the liver and intestine and stimulates intestinal alkaline phosphatase production in Nile tilapia, suggesting that the identified compounds act on the liver and intestine, showing hepatoprotective effects and stimulating intestinal digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika do Carmo Ota
- Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahúm, Km 12, C.P. 351, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- Center of Studies on Natural Resources, Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS), Cidade Universitária de Dourados, Rod. Dourados-Itahúm, Km 12, C.P. 351, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, 79804-970, Brazil
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Vazquez‐Flores AA, Martinez‐Gonzalez AI, Alvarez‐Parrilla E, Díaz‐Sánchez ÁG, la Rosa LA, González‐Aguilar GA, Aguilar CN. Proanthocyanidins with a Low Degree of Polymerization are Good Inhibitors of Digestive Enzymes Because of their Ability to form Specific Interactions: A Hypothesis. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2895-2902. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alma A. Vazquez‐Flores
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Alejandra I. Martinez‐Gonzalez
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Emilio Alvarez‐Parrilla
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Ángel G. Díaz‐Sánchez
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Laura A. la Rosa
- Dept. of Chemical Biological SciencesUniversidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua CP 322310 México
| | - Gustavo A. González‐Aguilar
- Coordinación en Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen VegetalCentro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. (CIAD, AC) Carretera a la Victoria Km. 0.6, La Victoria Hermosillo Sonora CP 83000 México
| | - Cristóbal N. Aguilar
- Dept. of Food ResearchUniversidad Autónoma de Coahuila CP 25280 Saltillo Coahuila México
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Isolation of five proanthocyanidins from pear ( Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) fruit peels. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 26:1209-1215. [PMID: 30263654 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0157-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five proanthocyanidins, two B-type dimers and three A-type trimers, were purified and isolated from the fruit peels of Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai cv. Chuhwangbae. The isolated compounds were identified as (-)-epicatechin gallate-(4β → 8)-(-)-epicatechin (Hahashi et al. in Ann Biol Res 3:3200-3207, 2012), (-)-epicatechin-(4β → 8)-(-)-epicatechin (procyanidin B2) (Tanrioven and Eksi in Food Chem 93:89-93, 2005), (-)-epicatechin-(4β → 8, 2β → O-7)-(-)-epicatechin-(4β → 8)-(-)-epicatechin (cinnamtannins B1) (Salta et al. in J. Fun. Food 2: 153-157, 2010), (-)-epicatechin-(4β → 8)-(-)-epicatechin-(4β → 8, 2β → O-7)-(-)-epicatechin (aesculitannin A) (Challice and Westwood in Phytochemistry 11: 37-44, 1972), and (-)-epicatechin-(4β → 6)-(-)-epicatechin-(4β → 8, 2β → O→7)-(-)-epicatechin (Es-Safi et al. in J Agric Food Chem 54: 6969-6977, 2006). Their structures were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The three A-type proanthocyanidin trimers were identified for the first time from pear.
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Payne S, Flematti G, Reeder A, Kotze A, Durmic Z, Vercoe P. Procyanidin A2 in the Australian plant Alectryon oleifolius has anthelmintic activity against equine cyathostomins in vitro. Vet Parasitol 2018; 249:63-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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La Barbera G, Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Samperi R, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Laganà A. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of phytochemicals in vegetal-derived food and beverages. Food Res Int 2017; 100:28-52. [PMID: 28873689 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The recent years witnessed a change in the perception of nutrition. Diet does not only provide nutrients to meet the metabolic requirements of the body, but it also constitutes an active way for the consumption of compounds beneficial for human health. Fruit and vegetables are an excellent source of such compounds, thus the growing interest in characterizing phytochemical sources, structures and activities. Given the interest for phytochemicals in food, the development of advanced and suitable analytical techniques for their identification is fundamental for the advancement of food research. In this review, the state of the art of phytochemical research in food plants is described, starting from sample preparation, throughout extract clean-up and compound separation techniques, to the final analysis, considering both qualitative and quantitative investigations. In this regard, from an analytical point of view, fruit and vegetable extracts are complex matrices, which greatly benefit from the use of modern hyphenated techniques, in particular from the combination of high performance liquid chromatography separation and high resolution mass spectrometry, powerful tools which are being increasingly used in the recent years. Therefore, selected applications to real samples are presented and discussed, in particular for the analysis of phenols, polyphenols and phenolic acids. Finally, some hot points are discussed, such as waste characterization for high value-compounds recovery and the untargeted metabolomics approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia La Barbera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Díaz-de-Cerio E, Pasini F, Verardo V, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Segura-Carretero A, Caboni MF. Psidium guajava L. leaves as source of proanthocyanidins: Optimization of the extraction method by RSM and study of the degree of polymerization by NP-HPLC-FLD-ESI-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 133:1-7. [PMID: 27780121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Due to the importance of the proanthocyanidins (PAs) bioactivity and its relationship with the PAs degree of polymerization (DP), an experimental design was carried out to establish the best extraction conditions in order to evaluate the proanthocyanidins content and their degree of polymerization in Psidium guajava leaves at different oxidation state. Optimal conditions achieved by response surface methodology were 50% acetone/water (v/v), 48°C, 30min, and 0% acetic acid (v/v). The highest DP has been found in the low oxidized state (DP 13 plus the polymers). Medium and high oxidized state leaves reported a DP 11 plus the polymers. The total amounts of proanthocyanidins (sum of PAs by HPLC-FLD-ESI-MS) decreased when oxidation state of leaves increased (15.8±0.4, 12.6±0.4, and 10.5±0.3mg/g leaf dry weight (d.w.) in low, medium and high oxidized state leaves, respectively). Guava leaves present an interesting source of low DP-PAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elixabet Díaz-de-Cerio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avd. del Conocimiento, Bioregion Building, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Federica Pasini
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, and Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, 04120 Almería, Spain.
| | - Alberto Fernández-Gutiérrez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avd. del Conocimiento, Bioregion Building, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avd. Fuentenueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Functional Food Research and Development Center, Health Science Technological Park, Avd. del Conocimiento, Bioregion Building, 18100, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Fiorenza Caboni
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy; Department of Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, 47521 Cesena, FC, Italy
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Carrillo-Hormaza L, Ramírez AM, Osorio E, Gil A. Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction and Rapid Resolution Analysis of Flavanols and Methylxanthines for the Quality Control of Cocoa-Derived Products. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Condensed tannins in extracts from European medicinal plants and herbal products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 121:225-231. [PMID: 26826980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plant materials are not usually analysed for condensed tannins (CT). Thirty commercially available European medicinal plants and herbal products were screened for CT and fourteen CT samples were analysed in detail. This is also the first comprehensive CT analysis of pine buds, walnut leaves, heather flowers and great water dock roots. Acetone/water extracts contained between 3.2 and 25.9 g CT/100g of extract, had CT with mean degrees of polymerisation of 2.9 to 13.3, procyanidin/prodelphinidin ratios of 1.6/98.4 to 100/0 and cis/trans flavan-3-ol ratios of 17.7/82.3 to 97.3/2.7. The majority of samples contained procyanidins, four contained A-type linkages (blackthorn flowers, heather flowers, bilberry leaves and cowberry leaves) and one sample also had galloylated procyanidins (great water dock roots).
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14
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Naumann H, Lambert B, Armstrong S, Fonseca M, Tedeschi L, Muir J, Ellersieck M. Effect of replacing alfalfa with panicled-tick clover or sericea lespedeza in corn-alfalfa-based substrates on in vitro ruminal methane production. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3980-7. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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J. Macedo N, C. Neto C, M. Liberty A, L. Ferreira T. Zebrafish as an in Vivo Screen for Early Black Cranberry Proanthocyanidin Biomolecular Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2014.42006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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