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Simões MS, Souza ABP, Silva-Comar FMS, Bersani-Amado CA, Cuman RKN, Peralta RM, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Bracht A, Comar JF. Effects of resveratrol on rheumatic symptoms and hepatic metabolism of arthritic rats. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024:jcim-2024-0200. [PMID: 39214854 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2024-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Resveratrol has been studied as a potential agent for treating rheumatic conditions; however, this compound suppresses glucose synthesis and glycogen catabolism when infused in perfused livers of both arthritic and healthy rats. This study investigated the effects of oral administration of resveratrol on inflammation and liver metabolism in rats with arthritis induced by Freund's adjuvant, which serves as rheumatoid arthritis model. METHODS Holtzman rats, both healthy and exhibiting arthritic symptoms, were orally treated with resveratrol at doses varying from 25 to 500 mg/kg for a 5-day period preceding arthritis induction, followed by an additional 20-day period thereafter. Paw edema, arthritic score and hepatic myeloperoxidase activity were assessed to evaluate inflammation. Glycogen catabolism and gluconeogenesis from lactate were respectively evaluated in perfused livers from fed and fasted rats. RESULTS Resveratrol decreased the liver myeloperoxidase activity at doses above 100 mg/kg, and decreased the paw edema and delayed the arthritic score at doses above 250 mg/kg. The hepatic gluconeogenesis was decreased in arthritic rats and resveratrol did not improve it. However, resveratrol did not negatively modify the gluconeogenesis in livers of healthy and arthritic rats. Glycogen catabolism was in part and slightly modified by resveratrol in the liver of arthritic and healthy rats. CONCLUSIONS It is improbable that resveratrol negatively affects the liver metabolism, especially considering that gluconeogenesis is highly fragile to changes in cellular architecture. The findings suggest that resveratrol could serve as alternative for treating rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, prudence is advised regarding its transient effects on liver metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellina S Simões
- Department of Biochemistry, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz P Souza
- Department of Biochemistry, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Ciomar A Bersani-Amado
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Roberto K N Cuman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosane M Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Jurandir F Comar
- Department of Biochemistry, 42487 State University of Maringá , Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Martins JN, Lucredi NC, Oliveira MC, Oliveira ACV, Godoy MA, Sá-Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Cesar GB, Gonçalves RS, Vicentini VE, Caetano W, Godoy VA, Bracht A, Comar JF. Poloxamers-based nanomicelles as delivery vehicles of hypericin for hepatic photodynamic therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Manieri JAG, Correa VG, Gomes Corrêa RC, Dias MI, Calhelha RC, Ivanov M, Soković M, Barros L, Ferreira IC, Bracht A, Peralta RM. Polyphenolic profile and pharmacological activities of whips horse (Luehea divaricata) bark extracts studied using in vitro and in vivo systems. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Kumar K, Mehra R, Guiné RPF, Lima MJ, Kumar N, Kaushik R, Ahmed N, Yadav AN, Kumar H. Edible Mushrooms: A Comprehensive Review on Bioactive Compounds with Health Benefits and Processing Aspects. Foods 2021; 10:2996. [PMID: 34945547 PMCID: PMC8700757 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms are well-known functional foods due to the presence of a huge quantity of nutraceutical components. These are well recognized for their nutritional importance such as high protein, low fat, and low energy contents. These are rich in minerals such as iron, phosphorus, as well as in vitamins like riboflavin, thiamine, ergosterol, niacin, and ascorbic acid. They also contain bioactive constituents like secondary metabolites (terpenoids, acids, alkaloids, sesquiterpenes, polyphenolic compounds, lactones, sterols, nucleotide analogues, vitamins, and metal chelating agents) and polysaccharides chiefly β-glucans and glycoproteins. Due to the occurrence of biologically active substances, mushrooms can serve as hepatoprotective, immune-potentiating, anti-cancer, anti-viral, and hypocholesterolemic agents. They have great potential to prevent cardiovascular diseases due to their low fat and high fiber contents, as well as being foremost sources of natural antioxidants useful in reducing oxidative damages. However, mushrooms remained underutilized, despite their wide nutritional and bioactive potential. Novel green techniques are being explored for the extraction of bioactive components from edible mushrooms. The current review is intended to deliberate the nutraceutical potential of mushrooms, therapeutic properties, bioactive compounds, health benefits, and processing aspects of edible mushrooms for maintenance, and promotion of a healthy lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.K.); (N.A.); (A.N.Y.)
| | - Rahul Mehra
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India; (R.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Raquel P. F. Guiné
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Maria João Lima
- CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal;
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India; (R.M.); (N.K.)
| | - Ravinder Kaushik
- School of Health Sciences, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248001, Uttrakhand, India;
| | - Naseer Ahmed
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.K.); (N.A.); (A.N.Y.)
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Food Technology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmaur 173101, Himachal Pradesh, India; (K.K.); (N.A.); (A.N.Y.)
| | - Harish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India; (R.M.); (N.K.)
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Motawi TK, Ahmed SA, El-Boghdady NA, Metwally NS, Nasr NN. Protective effects of betanin against paracetamol and diclofenac induced neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption in rats. Biomarkers 2019; 24:645-651. [PMID: 31305161 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2019.1642958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Context: Overconsumption of paracetamol (PAR) and diclofenac (DF) have been reported to induce neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. Objective: The current study was designed to explore the protective potential of betanin against PAR and DF inducing neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption in a rat model. Material and Methods: Forty rats were equally divided into five groups: group I served as control, group II received PAR (400 mg/kg), group III received PAR plus betanin (25 mg/kg), group IV received DF (10 mg/kg) and group V received DF plus betanin orally for 28 consecutive days. Thyroid axis hormones, sex hormone, neurotransmitters, paraoxonase-1, hemeoxygenase-1 and nuclear factor-2 were measured by ELISA. While, the oxidative stress markers were colorimetrically estimated. Moreover, DNA damage and histopathological picture of the brains were investigated. Results: A marked reduction in thyroid axis hormones, brain neurotransmitters and serum testosterone as well as enhanced oxidative stress and brain DNA damage accompanied by drastic changes in the brain histopathological picture were recorded in the challenged PAR and DF groups. Betanin supplementation ameliorated most of the biochemical and histopathological changes induced by PAR or DF. Conclusion: The study suggests betanin of potential protective effects against neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption induced by PAR and DF overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek K Motawi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Samia A Ahmed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Noha A El-Boghdady
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Nadia S Metwally
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
| | - Noha N Nasr
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
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Ames‐Sibin AP, Barizão CL, Castro‐Ghizoni CV, Silva FMS, Sá‐Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Bersani‐Amado CA, Marçal‐Natali MR, Bracht A, Comar JF. β‐Caryophyllene, the major constituent of copaiba oil, reduces systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in arthritic rats. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:10262-10277. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana P. Ames‐Sibin
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Camila L. Barizão
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Francielli M. S. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Ciomar A. Bersani‐Amado
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Jurandir F. Comar
- Department of Biochemistry State University of Maringá Maringá Paraná Brazil
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Glamočlija J, Kostić M, Soković M. Antimicrobial and Hepatoprotective Activities of Edible Mushrooms. Fungal Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-02622-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Venkatesh Gobi V, Rajasankar S, Ramkumar M, Dhanalakshmi C, Manivasagam T, Justin Thenmozhi A, Essa MM, Chidambaram R, Kalandar A. Agaricus blazei extract abrogates rotenone-induced dopamine depletion and motor deficits by its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties in Parkinsonic mice. Nutr Neurosci 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1337290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muthu Ramkumar
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Chinnasamy Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600094, India
| | - Ranganathan Chidambaram
- Department of Radiology, Sri Lakshminarayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | - Ameer Kalandar
- College of Health and Medical Science, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
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Castro Ghizoni CV, Arssufi Ames AP, Lameira OA, Bersani Amado CA, Sá Nakanishi AB, Bracht L, Marçal Natali MR, Peralta RM, Bracht A, Comar JF. Anti‐Inflammatory and Antioxidant Actions of Copaiba Oil Are Related to Liver Cell Modifications in Arthritic Rats. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3409-3423. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Osmar A. Lameira
- Embrapa Amazônia OrientalBrazilian Agricultural Research CorporationBelémPABrazil
| | | | | | - Lívia Bracht
- Department of BiochemistryState University of MaringaPRBrazil
| | | | | | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of BiochemistryState University of MaringaPRBrazil
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10
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Antigenotoxic Properties of Agaricus blazei against Hydrogen Peroxide in Human Peripheral Blood Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:8759764. [PMID: 28316757 PMCID: PMC5339630 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8759764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Agaricus blazei mushroom in its dried and powdered mycelial form was evaluated for its antigenotoxic properties for the first time. Antigenotoxic effects in human peripheral blood cells against H2O2-induced DNA damage were examined in pretreatment and posttreatment protocol by comet assay. The results showed better antigenotoxic properties of Agaricus blazei on the interventional level, respectively, after treatment. Agaricus blazei in concentration of 250 μg/mL after treatment was most efficient in regard to its action against DNA damage. The evaluation of repair kinetics showed decrease in H2O2 induced DNA damage 15 min after the application of A. blazei, reaching the maximum potency after 30 min. Analysis of antioxidant properties of Agaricus blazei revealed strong •OH scavenging properties and moderate reducing power, while its DPPH scavenging ability was weak. In regard to our findings, we can conclude that our preliminary results demonstrated antigenotoxic properties of Agaricus blazei and its strong •OH scavenging ability. Mechanisms underlying its properties should be further evaluated in in vivo studies.
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Azim SAA, Abdelrahem MT, Said MM, khattab A. PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF MORINGA PEREGRINA LEAVES EXTRACT ON ACETAMINOPHEN -INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2017; 14:206-216. [PMID: 28573237 PMCID: PMC5446445 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i2.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen is a common antipyretic drug but at overdose can cause severe hepatotoxicity that may further develop into liver failure and hepatic centrilobular necrosis in experimental animals and humans. This study was undertaken to assess the ameliorative role of Moringa peregrina leaves extract against acetaminophen toxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Induction of hepatotoxicity was done by chronic oral administration of acetaminophen (750 mg/kg bwt) for 4 weeks. To study the possible hepatoprotective effect, Moringa peregrina leaves extract (200 mg/kg bwt) or Silymarin (50 mg/kg bwt) was administered orally, for 4 weeks, along with acetaminophen. RESULTS acetaminophen significantly increased serum liver enzymes and caused oxidative stress, evidenced by significantly increased tissue malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, hepatic DNA fragmentation, and significant decrease of glutathione and antioxidant enzymes in liver, blood and brain. On the other hand, administration of Moringa peregrina leaves extract reversed acetaminophen-related toxic effects through: powerful malondialdehyde suppression, glutathione peroxidase normalization and stimulation of the cellular antioxidants synthesis represented by significant increase of glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase in liver, blood and brain, besides, DNA fragmentation was significantly decreased in the liver tissue. CONCLUSION acetaminophen induced oxidative damage can be improved by Moringa peregrina leaves extract-treatment, due to its antioxidant potential.
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Venkatesh Gobi V, Rajasankar S, Ramkumar M, Dhanalakshmi C, Manivasagam T, Justin Thenmozhi A, Essa MM, Chidambaram R. Agaricus blazeiextract attenuates rotenone-induced apoptosis through its mitochondrial protective and antioxidant properties in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 21:97-107. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2016.1222332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srinivasagam Rajasankar
- Department of Anatomy, Velammal Medical College and Hospital, Madurai, Tamil Nadu 625009, India
| | - Muthu Ramkumar
- Department of Anatomy, Bharath University, Selaiyur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600073, India
| | - Chinnasamy Dhanalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Thamilarasan Manivasagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Arokiasamy Justin Thenmozhi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu 608002, India
| | - Musthafa Mohamed Essa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, CAMS, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Ageing and Dementia Research Group, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Food and Brain Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600094, India
| | - Ranganathan Chidambaram
- Department of Radiology, Sri Lakshminarayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Soares AA, Natali MRM, Comar JF, Peralta RM, Bracht A. Effects of the continuous administration of an Agaricus blazei extract to rats on oxidative parameters of the brain and liver during aging. Molecules 2014; 19:18590-603. [PMID: 25401401 PMCID: PMC6271688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation of the effects of an aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei, a medicinal mushroom, on the oxidative state of the brain and liver of rats during aging (7 to 23 months) was conducted. The treatment consisted in the daily intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg of the extract. The A. blazei treatment tended to maintain the ROS contents of the brain and liver at lower levels, but a significant difference was found only at the age of 23 months and in the brain. The TBARS levels in the brain were maintained at lower levels by the A. blazei treatment during the whole aging process with a specially pronounced difference at the age of 12 months. The total antioxidant capacity in the brain was higher in treated rats only at the age of 12 months. Compared with previous studies in which old rats (21 months) were treated during a short period of 21 days with 200 mg/kg, the effects of the A. blazei extract in the present study tended to be less pronounced. The results also indicate that the long and constant treatment presented a tendency of becoming less effective at ages above 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andréia A Soares
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Maringá, Brazil.
| | - Maria R M Natali
- Department of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Maringá, Brazil.
| | | | - Rosane M Peralta
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Maringá, Brazil.
| | - Adelar Bracht
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, 87020900 Maringá, Brazil.
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Effects of treating old rats with an aqueous Agaricus blazei extract on oxidative and functional parameters of the brain tissue and brain mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:563179. [PMID: 24876914 PMCID: PMC4020171 DOI: 10.1155/2014/563179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and increased oxidative stress is a striking phenomenon in the brain of aged individuals. For this reason there has been a constant search for drugs and natural products able to prevent or at least to mitigate these problems. In the present study the effects of an aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei, a medicinal mushroom, on the oxidative state and on the functionality of mitochondria from the brain of old rats (21 months) were conducted. The extract was administered intragastrically during 21 days at doses of 200 mg/kg. The administration of the A. blazei extract was protective to the brain of old rats against oxidative stress by decreasing the lipid peroxidation levels and the reactive oxygen species content and by increasing the nonenzymic and enzymic antioxidant capacities. Administration of the A. blazei extract also increased the activity of several mitochondrial respiratory enzymes and, depending on the substrate, the mitochondrial coupled respiration.
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15
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Hepatoprotective effects of mushrooms. Molecules 2013; 18:7609-30. [PMID: 23884116 PMCID: PMC6270077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18077609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The particular characteristics of growth and development of mushrooms in nature result in the accumulation of a variety of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds, terpenes and steroids and essential cell wall components such as polysaccharides, β-glucans and proteins, several of them with biological activities. The present article outlines and discusses the available information about the protective effects of mushroom extracts against liver damage induced by exogenous compounds. Among mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum is indubitably the most widely studied species. In this review, however, emphasis was given to studies using other mushrooms, especially those presenting efforts of attributing hepatoprotective activities to specific chemical components usually present in the mushroom extracts.
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