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Body mass index and potential correlates among elementary school children in Jordan. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:629-638. [PMID: 32328908 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity and overweight are on the rise worldwide, and Jordanian children are no exception to this rule. Childhood Obesity has major implications on the physical and mental health of individuals, and it can often develop into adult obesity. Obesity/overweight correlates have not been researched extensively in the Middle East region, where Jordan is central. This region is undergoing tremendous changes because of wars, globalization, and the influx of refugees. The cultural and eating habits of the people are changing along with demographical changes. Thus, timely research is required to assess the current health state of this dynamic society. The main goal of this study is to understand the environmental and cultural factors that are associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) z score in elementary school children in Jordan. METHODS A total of 1260 children enrolled in this descriptive, cross-sectional study. The study used a parental self-reporting questionnaire that contains possible factors associated with BMI, zBMI, demographics, and other pertinent information. RESULTS Several factors have been associated with higher zBMI among elementary school children: if a child owns a smartphone (p = 0.0037), uses electronics to play ([Formula: see text]), uses electronics for longer hours ([Formula: see text]), eats food while using electronics or watching TV ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively), sleeps less hours in weekends ([Formula: see text]), was breastfed for lower number of months ([Formula: see text]), lives in rural areas ([Formula: see text]), goes to a private school ([Formula: see text]) and is a male ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION Investigating characteristics and environmental determinants of childhood obesity play an essential role in establishing effective intervention program and reduce future risks of morbidity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive (cross-sectional) study.
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Routh B, Hurt T, Winham D, Lanningham-Foster L. Family Legacy of Diabetes-Related Behaviors: An Exploration of the Experiences of African American Parents and Adult Children. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2019; 6:2333393619852343. [PMID: 31192273 PMCID: PMC6542120 DOI: 10.1177/2333393619852343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and this risk may be influenced by familial experiences and cultural norms throughout the life course. This led us to conduct this study of 20 African American families with strong histories of T2DM to explore familial complexities that prevent or help manage diabetic symptoms. Experiences were analyzed inductively through individual family profiles created using content-analytic summaries. When profiles were further analyzed for emerging and theoretically informed data patterns, two themes emerged: (a) family interactions characterized by T2DM-related actions and communication patterns, and (b) intergenerational patterns of openness characterized by variations in approach within generational cohort and parental gender. Through inquiries related to intergenerational experiences with T2DM, nursing and health care professionals may be better able to tailor and promote success for prevention and management of behaviors among high-risk African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tera Hurt
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Conlon BA, Mcginn AP, Isasi CR, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Lounsbury DW, Ginsberg MS, Diamantis PM, Groisman-Perelstein AE, Wylie-Rosett J. Home Environment Factors and Health Behaviors of Low-income, Overweight, and Obese Youth. Am J Health Behav 2019; 43:420-436. [PMID: 30808480 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.43.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Home environment may influence children's health behaviors associated with obesity. In this study, we examined home environment factors associated with diet and physical activity behaviors of overweight or obese youth. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from child and parent/caregiver dyads enrolled in an urban family weight management program. Multivariable logistic regression examined how home environment (parenting practices, family meal habits, and home availability of fruits/vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), screen media, and physical activity resources) are related to children's intake of fruit, vegetables, and SSBs, and moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time (ST) after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Children were more likely to consume fruit if their families frequently ate meals together and infrequently watched TV during meals, and more likely to consume vegetables with high fruit/vegetable availability and low SSB availability. Children were more likely to engage in ST if parents practiced monitoring and frequently watched TV during meals. Conclusions: Overweight or obese children appear to have healthier habits if their families eat meals together without watching TV and if healthy food choices are available in the home. Encouraging parents to focus these practices may promote healthier body weight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Conlon
- Postgraduate Student, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY;,
| | - Aileen P. Mcginn
- Associate Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Associate Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Associate Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - David W. Lounsbury
- Assistant Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Mindy S. Ginsberg
- Senior Associate, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Pamela M. Diamantis
- Attending Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Health Services Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
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Ncube KR, Khamker N, van der Westhuizen D, Corbett T. A descriptive study of biological and psychosocial factors associated with body mass index for age, in adolescents attending an outpatient department at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital. S Afr J Psychiatr 2018; 23:973. [PMID: 30263176 PMCID: PMC6138078 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v23i0.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe biological and psychosocial factors associated with body mass index (BMI) for age in adolescents attending an outpatient department at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital. Methods A total of 50 adolescents participated in a convenience sampling research study. BMIs were calculated using their weights and heights to distinguish different weight categories based on the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. Based on their BMIs, participants were categorised as underweight, normal body weight, overweight and obese. The association between the BMIs of the biological parents and their adolescent children was investigated using the Fisher's exact test. The data collection included adolescents' demographic information, psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric medication, nutritional intake, eating habits and the intensity of physical activity such as sports, leisure and sedentary behaviour. Setting The study was conducted at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital's adolescents outpatient department. Results Of the participants, 72% were males. Forty-eight per cent of all the adolescents had a normal BMI, mostly of black African descent. When comparing the adolescents' BMI with that of their biological mothers, 50% of those who were obese also had mothers who were mostly obese (53.8%). The Fisher's exact test indicated a statistically significant association between the BMI categories of mothers and those of their adolescent children (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.032). Despite the above association, no significant association could be found regarding their nutritional intake and eating habits. Also, no significant association was found between the adolescents' BMIs and the use of psychotropic medication, as compared with other previous studies. Furthermore, no association could be found between adolescents' BMI categories and the level of intensity of physical activity such as sports and leisure activities or sedentary behaviours. Conclusion This study supports previous findings that a significant association exists between maternal and childhood obesity. The association between BMI and psychotropic medication, nutritional intake and eating habits, and level of physical activity could not be confirmed in our study. The study results were limited by the small sample size and the convenience sampling method. Although this was only a descriptive study, it highlighted the complexity of biological and psychosocial factors involved in weight gain. Further studies are needed to explore the interplay of physical and environmental risk factors for childhood obesity, as well as to ensure early identification and education of patients and their families to prevent development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kgomotso R Ncube
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria
| | - Nadira Khamker
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria
| | | | - Thea Corbett
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Samal J, Dehury RK. Salient Features of a Proposed Adolescent Health Policy Draft for India. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:LI01-LI05. [PMID: 28658817 PMCID: PMC5483719 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24382.9791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
India is one of the most populous countries in the world. The adolescent population in India constitutes about one fifth of the total Indian population. Adolescent phase is a transitional phase in life and the adolescents are neither child nor adult at this stage and are full of energy, have significant drive and new ideas. The relatively lower death rate and relatively good health status of the adolescents has always been a misleading measure to adolescent health and thus given lesser priorities. In order to respond effectively to the needs of adolescent health and development, it is important to place adolescence in a life-span perspective within dynamic sociological, cultural and economic realities. For this, government of India has started a national programme known as "Rashtriya Kishor Swathya Karyakram" in 2014. However, India as a country does not have an adolescent health policy till date and hence the country requires a national adolescent health policy. The key priorities should include sexual and reproductive health, nutritional problems (both under and over nutrition), substance abuse, mental health, road traffic accidents, intentional violence and non-communicable diseases. In addition to key priorities, the policy draft should include pertinent components such as a preamble, guiding principles, coordinating agencies, monitoring and evaluation, research and documentation components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janmejaya Samal
- Medical Consultant (UrbanTB), Catholic Health Association of India, Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Dehury
- Faculty, Department of Healthcare Management, Goa Institute of Management, Panaji, Goa, India
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Flores-Peña Y, Ortiz-Félix RE, Cárdenas-Villarreal VM, Ávila-Alpirez H, Alba-Alba CM, Hernández-Carranco RG. Maternal Eating and Physical Activity Strategies and their Relation with Children's Nutritional Status. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2016; 22:286-92. [PMID: 26107837 PMCID: PMC4292591 DOI: 10.1590/0104-1169.3415.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives to describe the maternal eating and physical activity strategies
(monitoring, discipline, control, limits and reinforcement) [MEES]; to
determine the relation between MEES and the child's nutritional status [body
mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP)]; to verify whether the MEES
differ according to the child's nutritional status. Method participants were 558 mothers and children (3 to 11 years of age) who
studied at public schools. The Parental Strategies for Eating and Activity
Scale (PEAS) was applied and the child's weight, height and BFP were
measured. For analysis purposes, descriptive statistics were obtained, using
multiple linear regression and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results the highest mean score was found for reinforcement (62.72) and the lowest
for control (50.07). Discipline, control and limits explained 12% of the
BMI, while discipline and control explained 6% of the BFP. Greater control
is found for obese children (χ2=38.36, p=0.001) and greater
reinforcement for underweight children (χ2=7.19, p<0.05).
Conclusions the mothers exert greater control (pressure to eat) over obese children and
greater recognition (congratulating due to healthy eating) in underweight
children. Modifications in parental strategies are recommended with a view
to strengthening healthy eating and physical activity habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Flores-Peña
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Soto SC, Arredondo EM, Horton LA, Ayala GX. Validation of the modified Parenting Strategies for Eating and Physical Activity Scale-Diet (PEAS-Diet) in Latino children. Appetite 2016; 98:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Conlon BA, McGinn AP, Lounsbury DW, Diamantis PM, Groisman-Perelstein AE, Wylie-Rosett J, Isasi C. The Role of Parenting Practices in the Home Environment among Underserved Youth. Child Obes 2015; 11:394-405. [PMID: 26258561 PMCID: PMC4528989 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2014.0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The home environment, which includes parenting practices, is an important setting in which children develop their health behaviors. We examined the role of parenting practices in the home environment among underserved youth. METHODS We examined baseline data of a family-focused pediatric obesity intervention. Parenting practices (monitoring, discipline, limit setting of soda/snacks [SS] and screen media [SM], pressure to eat, and reinforcement) and availability of fruits/vegetables (FV) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), family meals, television (TV) watching during meals, TVs in the home, owning active video games/sports equipment, and household food security were assessed in 301 parent/caregivers of overweight/obese children (ages 7-12 years; BMI≥85th percentile). Associations were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients and logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Parents/caregivers (ages 22-67 years) were largely Hispanic/Latino (74.1%), female (92.4%), and reported high levels of limit setting SS and low levels of pressure to eat. Parent age, gender, country of birth, and years living in the United States accounted for differences among several parenting practices. Adjusted logistic regression models identified several statistically significant associations, including: Monitoring was positively associated with availability FV (odds ratio [OR]=2.19; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25, 3.82); limit setting SS was inversely associated with availability of SSBs (OR=0.40; 95% CI, 0.21, 0.75); and limit setting SM was inversely associated with TV viewing during family meals (OR=0.51; 95% CI, 0.31, 0.85). Nearly 40% of our population was food insecure, and food insecurity was positively associated with pressure to eat (OR=1.77; 95% CI, 1.01, 3.15). CONCLUSIONS Parenting practices play an important role in the home environment, and longitudinal studies are needed to examine these associations in the context of family-focused pediatric obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Conlon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Aileen P. McGinn
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - David W. Lounsbury
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Pamela M. Diamantis
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Health Services, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Carmen Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Lawman HG, Wilson DK. Associations of social and environmental supports with sedentary behavior, light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in obese underserved adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014; 11:92. [PMID: 25163029 PMCID: PMC4145237 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-014-0092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence to support differential health impacts of sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is building. However, few studies have examined individual, social, and environmental supports across the full range of sedentary and physical activities, including key influences such as self-efficacy, parenting factors, and home and neighborhood resources. This may be particularly important in underserved (low-income, minority), overweight/obese adolescents due to the social and environmental challenges (lack of resources, etc.) associated with increasing MVPA. This study evaluated a range of bioecological factors including individual (self-efficacy), parental (parental support, monitoring, limit-setting, and nurturance), and environmental (perceived home resources for PA and neighborhood support for PA) predictors of SB, LPA and MVPA in overweight/obese adolescents. Methods Overweight/obese and predominantly minority adolescents and caregivers (n = 181) completed measures in 2010 in the US including surveys assessing self-efficacy for PA, parenting variables related to PA and home and neighborhood supports for PA. Outcomes included 7-day accelerometer estimates of SB, LPA, and MVPA. Results Regression analyses showed parental social support and neighborhood support were significantly associated with LPA. No significant associations were found for SB or MVPA. Conclusions Results emphasized the importance of examining a range of sedentary and PA intensities and highlighted the role of parental and neighborhood social supports for LPA. These results have important implications that suggest that health promotion efforts should target social and environmental supports for increasing LPA in youth who are overweight/obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G Lawman
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, 3223 N, Broad Street suite 175, Philadelphia 19140, PA, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the current advances in childhood obesity physiology, intervention, and prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Structural and functional brain impairments are present in obese adolescents with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aerobic training for 20 or 40 min per day produced similar affects on metabolic risk factors. Vitamin D supplementation has been shown to improve the metabolic risk factors in obese children; however, obese children require greater doses to treat vitamin D deficiency. A 10-week community-based exergaming weight management program significantly decreased the BMI in obese children. SUMMARY There is surmounting research on MetS and its associated risk factors in obese children. Gaining a comprehensive overview of the factors associated with obesity in children is crucial in developing the most effective intervention strategies. Community-based and family-centered interventions have generated positive results in reducing children's BMI and improving MetS risk factors. In addition to obesity intervention efforts, ongoing prevention initiatives are imperative to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Van Grouw
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, USA
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