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Habas E, Errayes A, Habas E, Alfitori G, Habas A, Farfar K, Rayani A, Habas A, Elzouki AN. Masked phenomenon: renal and cardiovascular complications; review and updates. Blood Press 2024; 33:2383234. [PMID: 39056371 DOI: 10.1080/08037051.2024.2383234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the in-clinic blood pressure (BP) recording setting, a sizable number of individuals with normal BP and approximately 30% of patients with chronic renal disease (CKD) exhibit elevated outpatient BP records. These individuals are known as masked hypertension (MHTN), and when they are on antihypertensive medications, but their BP is not controlled, they are called masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUHTN). The masked phenomenon (MP) (MHTN and MUHTN) increases susceptibility to end-organ damage (a two-fold greater risk for cardiovascular events and kidney dysfunction). The potential extension of the observed benefits of MP therapy, including a reduction in end-organ damage, remains questionable. AIM AND METHODS This review aims to study the diagnostic methodology, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and significance of MP management in end-organs, especially the kidneys, cardiovascular system, and outcomes. To achieve the purposes of this non-systematic comprehensive review, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords, texts, and phrases such as masked phenomenon, CKD and HTN, HTN types, HTN definition, CKD progression, masked HTN, MHTN, masked uncontrolled HTN, CKD onset, and cardiovascular system and MHTN. We restricted the search process to the last ten years to search for the latest updates. CONCLUSION MHTN is a variant of HTN that can be missed if medical professionals are unaware of it. Early detection by ambulatory or home BP recording in susceptible individuals reduces end-organ damage and progresses to sustained HTN. Adherence to the available recommendations when dealing with masked phenomena is justifiable; however, further studies and recommendation updates are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmukhtar Habas
- Medical Department, Hamad General Hospital, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Almehdi Errayes
- Medical Department, Hamad General Hospital, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eshrak Habas
- Internal Medicine, Medical Department, Tripoli Central Hospital, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Gamal Alfitori
- Medical Department, Hamad General Hospital, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala Habas
- Medical Department, Alwakra General Hospital, Qatar University, Alwakra, Qatar
| | - Kalifa Farfar
- Medical Department, Alwakra General Hospital, Qatar University, Alwakra, Qatar
| | - Amnna Rayani
- Tripoli Children Hospital, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Aml Habas
- Tripoli Children Hospital, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
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2
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Huang JF, Zhang DY, An DW, Li MX, Liu CY, Feng YQ, Zheng QD, Chen X, Staessen JA, Wang JG, Li Y. Efficacy of antihypertensive treatment for target organ protection in patients with masked hypertension (ANTI-MASK): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 74:102736. [PMID: 39091669 PMCID: PMC11293515 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Masked hypertension is associated with target organ damage (TOD) and adverse health outcomes, but whether antihypertensive treatment improves TOD in patients with masked hypertension is unproven. Methods In this multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 15 Chinese hospitals, untreated outpatients aged 30-70 years with an office blood pressure (BP) of <140/<90 mm Hg and 24-h, daytime or nighttime ambulatory BP of ≥130/≥80, ≥135/≥85, or ≥120/≥70 mm Hg were enrolled. Patients had ≥1 sign of TOD: electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) ≥1400 cm/s, or urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) ≥3.5 mg/mmol in women and ≥2.5 mg/mmol in men. Exclusion criteria included secondary hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, serum creatinine ≥176.8 μmol/L, and cardiovascular disease within 6 months of screening. After stratification for centre, sex and the presence of nighttime hypertension, eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive antihypertensive treatment or placebo. Patients and investigators were masked to group assignment. Active treatment consisted of allisartan starting at 80 mg/day, to be increased to 160 mg/day at month 2, and to be combined with amlodipine 2.5 mg/day at month 4, if the ambulatory BP remained uncontrolled. Matching placebos were used likewise in the control group. The primary endpoint was the improvement of TOD, defined as normalisation of baPWV, ACR or LVH or a ≥20% reduction in baPWV or ACR over the 48-week follow-up. The intention-to-treat analysis included all randomised patients, the per-protocol analysis patients who fully adhered to the protocol, and the safety analysis all patients who received at least one dose of the study medication. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02893358. Findings Between February 14, 2017, and October 31, 2020, 320 patients (43.1% women; mean age ± SD 53.7 ± 9.7 years) were enrolled. Baseline office and 24-h BP averaged 130 ± 6.0/81 ± 5.9 mm Hg and 136 ± 8.6/84 ± 6.1 mm Hg, and the prevalence of elevated baPWV, ACR and LVH were 97.5%, 12.5%, and 7.8%, respectively. The 24-h BP decreased on average (±SE) by 10.1 ± 0.9/6.4 ± 0.5 mm Hg in 153 patients on active treatment and by 1.3 ± 0.9/1.0 ± 0.5 mm Hg in 167 patients on placebo. Improvement of TOD occurred in 79 patients randomised to active treatment and in 49 patients on placebo: 51.6% (95% CI 43.7%, 59.5%) versus 29.3% (22.1, 36.5%; p < 0.0001). Per-protocol and subgroup analyses were confirmatory. Adverse events were generally mild and occurred in 38 (25.3%) and 43 (26.4%) patients randomised to active treatment and placebo, respectively (p = 0.83). Interpretation Our results suggest that antihypertensive treatment improves TOD in patients with masked hypertension, highlighting the need of treatment. However, the long-term benefit in preventing cardiovascular complications still needs to be established. Funding Salubris China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Wei An
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
| | - Ming-Xuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Qing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Peoples' Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Dong Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yuhuan 2nd Peoples' Hospital, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jan A. Staessen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Non-Profit Research Association Alliance for the Promotion of Preventive Medicine, Mechelen, Belgium
- Biomedical Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hypertension, National Research Centre for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiatong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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3
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Xia JH, Zhang DY, Li Y, Wang JG. Persistence of blood pressure phenotypes defined by office and ambulatory measurements in youth of 5 to 15 years of age. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1337-1340. [PMID: 36806794 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Guang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Awazu M. Isolated Nocturnal Hypertension in Children. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:823414. [PMID: 35252065 PMCID: PMC8894436 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.823414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) is attracting attention because it has been shown to correlate with target organ damage as well as cardiovascular events in adults. INH has also been reported in children especially in those with underlying diseases including chronic kidney disease and some studies reported association with markers of early target organ damage. INH occupies the majority of nocturnal hypertension. On the other hand, masked hypertension is largely attributed to INH. INH is usually diagnosed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Recently, it became possible to monitor sleep blood pressure by an automated home blood pressure device feasible also in children. The epidemiology, methodology and reproducibility, pathophysiology, relation to target organ damage, and treatment of INH in children will be reviewed here along with adult data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Awazu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Ohtsuka Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Gkaliagkousi E, Protogerou AD, Argyris AA, Koletsos N, Triantafyllou A, Anyfanti P, Lazaridis A, Dipla K, Sfikakis PP, Douma S. Contribution of single office aortic systolic blood pressure measurements to the detection of masked hypertension: data from two separate cohorts. Hypertens Res 2020; 44:215-224. [PMID: 32943780 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-020-00550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Masked hypertension (MH) and masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUH) remain largely underdiagnosed with no efficient detection algorithm. We recently proposed a novel classification of office systolic hypertension phenotypes defined on the basis of both brachial and aortic systolic blood pressure (bSBP/aSBP) and showed that type III ("isolated high office aSBP" phenotype: normal office bSBP but high office aSBP) has higher hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). We tested whether MH/MUH (1) can be detected with the "isolated high office aSBP" phenotype and (2) if it is associated with elevated office aSBP with respect to normotension. We classified two separate and quite different cohorts (n = 391 and 956, respectively) on the basis of both bSBP and aSBP into four different phenotypes. Participants were classified as sustained hypertensives, masked hypertensives/masked uncontrolled hypertensives (MHs/MUHs), white coat hypertensives, and normotensives according to their office and out-of-office BP readings. The majority (more than 60% in cohort A and more than 50% in cohort B) of type III individuals were MHs/MUHs. Almost 35% of MHs/MUHs had optimal office bSBP rather than high normal bSBP. In both cohorts, the detection of more than 40% of MH/MUH was feasible with the type III phenotype. MHs/MUHs had higher office aSBP than individuals with sustained normotension (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in the absence of an efficient screening test, the diagnosis of MH/MUH can be assisted by the detection of the "isolated high office aSBP" phenotype, which can be measured in a single office visit. MHs/MUHs have increased aSBP relative to normotensives, further explaining the increased mortality of MH/MUH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Athanase D Protogerou
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Clinic and Laboratory of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios A Argyris
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Prevention and Research Unit, Clinic and Laboratory of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Koletsos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Areti Triantafyllou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Anyfanti
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Antonios Lazaridis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros P Sfikakis
- 1st Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Douma
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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6
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Padwal R. The Masked Hypertension Conundrum: Risk Is Increased, but What Should Be Done About It? Am J Hypertens 2020; 33:705-707. [PMID: 32179882 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Padwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Trudel X, Brisson C, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Vézina M, Talbot D, Milot A. Long Working Hours and the Prevalence of Masked and Sustained Hypertension. Hypertension 2020; 75:532-538. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the effect of long working hours on blood pressure have shown inconsistent results. Mixed findings could be attributable to limitations related to blood pressure measurement and the lack of consideration of masked hypertension. The objective was to determine whether individuals who work long hours have a higher prevalence of masked and sustained hypertension. Data were collected at 3-time points over 5 years from 3547 white-collar workers. Long working hours were self-reported, and blood pressure was measured using Spacelabs 90207. Workplace clinic blood pressure was defined as the mean of the first 3readings taken at rest at the workplace. Ambulatory blood pressure was defined as the mean of the next readings recorded every 15 minutes during daytime working hours. Masked hypertension was defined as clinic blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg and ambulatory blood pressure ≥135/85 mm Hg. Sustained hypertension was defined as clinic blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg and ambulatory blood pressure ≥135/85 mm Hg or being treated hypertension. Long working hours were associated with the prevalence of masked hypertension (prevalence ratio
49+
=1.70 [95% CI, 1.09–2.64]), after adjustment for sociodemographics, lifestyle-related risk factors, diabetes mellitus, family history of cardiovascular disease, and job strain. The association with sustained hypertension was of a comparable magnitude (prevalence ratio
49+
=1.66 [95% CI, 1.15–2.50]). Results suggest that long working hours are an independent risk factor for masked and sustained hypertension. Workplace strategies targeting long working hours could be effective in reducing the clinical and public health burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Trudel
- From the Laval University, Social and Preventive Medicine Department, 1050 avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec (X.T., C.B., D.T.)
| | - Chantal Brisson
- From the Laval University, Social and Preventive Medicine Department, 1050 avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec (X.T., C.B., D.T.)
| | | | - Michel Vézina
- Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Quebec (M.V.)
| | - Denis Talbot
- From the Laval University, Social and Preventive Medicine Department, 1050 avenue de la Médecine Université Laval Québec (X.T., C.B., D.T.)
| | - Alain Milot
- Laval University, Department of Medicine, Québec (A.M.)
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8
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Abstract
White-coat and masked hypertension are important hypertension phenotypes. Out-of-office blood pressure measurement is essential for the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of these conditions. This review summarizes literature related to the detection and diagnosis, prevalence, epidemiology, prognosis, and treatment of white-coat and masked hypertension. Cardiovascular risk in white-coat hypertension appears to be dependent on the presence of coexisting risk factors, whereas patients with masked hypertension are at increased risk of target organ damage and cardiovascular events. There is an unmet need for robust data to support recommendations around the use of antihypertensive treatment for the management of white-coat and masked hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuomi Kario
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (L.T., J.A.S.)
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Belgium (L.T., J.A.S.).,Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (J.A.S.)
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9
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Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2019; 138:e484-e594. [PMID: 30354654 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Whelton
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Robert M Carey
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Donald E Casey
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Karen J Collins
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Sondra M DePalma
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Samuel Gidding
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Kenneth A Jamerson
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Daniel W Jones
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Eric J MacLaughlin
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Paul Muntner
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Bruce Ovbiagele
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Sidney C Smith
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Crystal C Spencer
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Randall S Stafford
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Sandra J Taler
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Randal J Thomas
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Kim A Williams
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Jeff D Williamson
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
| | - Jackson T Wright
- American Society for Preventive Cardiology Representative. †ACC/AHA Representative. ‡Lay Volunteer/Patient Representative. §Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association Representative. ‖American Academy of Physician Assistants Representative. ¶Task Force Liaison. #Association of Black Cardiologists Representative. **American Pharmacists Association Representative. ††ACC/AHA Prevention Subcommittee Liaison. ‡‡American College of Preventive Medicine Representative. §§American Society of Hypertension Representative. ‖‖Task Force on Performance Measures Liaison. ¶¶American Geriatrics Society Representative. ##National Medical Association Representative
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Barochiner J, Posadas Martínez ML, Martínez R, Giunta D. Reproducibility of masked uncontrolled hypertension detected through home blood pressure monitoring. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:877-883. [PMID: 31215143 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) is an entity described in treated hypertensive subjects, where office blood pressure (BP) is well controlled and out-of-office BP is elevated. It has been related to a higher cardiovascular risk. However, the reproducibility of MUCH has been scarcely studied. In this study, we aimed to determine the reproducibility of MUCH detected through home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). Two sets of measurements were performed in hypertensive adults under stable treatment with a 1-week interval. Each set of measurements included three office BP readings and a 4-day HBPM with duplicate readings in the morning, afternoon, and evening (the same validated oscillometric device was employed in both settings). We determined the percentage of agreement regarding the presence of MUCH in the two sets of measurements and quantified such agreement through the Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ), its 95% confidence interval, and P value. We included 105 patients (median age 58.6 [IQR 45.6-67.2] years old, 53.4% men). MUCH prevalence on at least one occasion was 22.3% (95% CI: 15.2-31.5). The reproducibility of MUCH was scant: κ = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.0002-0.38), P = 0.02, due to the poor reproducibility of the office BP component of MUCH in comparison with the home BP component: κ = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.03-0.39), P = 0.01 vs κ = 0.48 (95% CI 0.29-0.67), P < 0.001, respectively. In conclusion, the reproducibility of MUCH detected through HBPM is minimal, mainly due to the poor reproducibility of office BP measurements. An HBPM-based strategy for the management of patients with MUCH may be more adequate in terms of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Barochiner
- Hypertension Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Lourdes Posadas Martínez
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Martínez
- Hypertension Section, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Giunta
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cuspidi C, Sala C, Tadic M, Grassi G. When Office Blood Pressure Is Not Enough: The Case of Masked Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2019; 32:225-233. [PMID: 30508171 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing attention has been devoted in the last two decades to masked hypertension (MH), a condition characterized by the fact that classification of a normal blood pressure (BP) status by office measurements is not confirmed by home and/or ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). MH definition (i.e., normal office BP, but high out-of-office BP) should be restricted to untreated subjects (true MH) whereas masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) reserved to treated patients previously classified as hypertensives, presenting normal office BP and high ABPM or home values. Both MH and MUCH are associated with metabolic alterations, comorbidities, and hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD). Furthermore, the risk of cardiovascular events related to these conditions has been shown to be close or greater than that of sustained hypertension. This review discusses available evidence about MH and MUCH by focusing on its prevalence, clinical correlates, association with HMOD, prognostic significance, and their therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Carla Sala
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano and Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Marijana Tadic
- Department of Cardiology, Charité-University-Medicine Campus Virchow Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Grassi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Milano, Italy
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psychosocial stressors at work from the demand-latitude and effort-reward imbalance models are adverse exposures affecting about 20-25% of workers in industrialized countries. This review aims to summarize evidence on the effect of these stressors on blood pressure (BP). RECENT FINDINGS Three systematic reviews have recently documented the effect of these psychosocial stressors at work on BP. Among exposed workers, statistically significant BP increases ranging from 1.5 to 11 mmHg have been observed in prospective studies using ambulatory BP (ABP). Recent studies using ABP have shown a deleterious effect of these psychosocial stressors at work on masked hypertension as well as on blood pressure control in pharmacologically treated patients. Evidence on the effect of these psychosocial stressors on BP supports the relevance to tackle these upstream factors for primary prevention and to reduce the burden of poor BP control. There is a need for increased public health and clinical awareness of the occupational etiology of high BP, hypertension, and poor BP control.
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13
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Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2018. [DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000065 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Palla M, Saber H, Konda S, Briasoulis A. Masked hypertension and cardiovascular outcomes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Integr Blood Press Control 2018; 11:11-24. [PMID: 29379316 PMCID: PMC5759852 DOI: 10.2147/ibpc.s128947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As many as one-third of individuals with normal office blood pressure (BP) are diagnosed with masked hypertension (HTN) based on ambulatory BP measurements (ABPM). Masked HTN is associated with higher risk of sustained HTN (SH) and increased cardiovascular morbidity. Methods The present study was designed to systematically review cohort studies and assess the effects of masked HTN compared to normotension and SH on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. We systematically searched the electronic databases, such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane for prospective cohort studies, which evaluated participants with office and ambulatory and/or home BP. Results We included nine studies with a total number of 14729 participants (11245 normotensives, 3484 participants with masked HTN, 1984 participants with white-coat HTN, and 5143 participants with SH) with a mean age of 58 years and follow-up of 9.5 years. Individuals with masked HTN had significantly increased rates of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality than normotensives and white-coat HTN and had lower rates of cardiovascular events than those with SH (odds ratio 0.61, 95% confidence interval 0.42–0.89; P=0.010; I2=84%). Among patients on antihypertensive treatment, masked HTN was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events than in those with normotension and white-coat HTN and similar rates of cardiovascular events in those with treated SH. Conclusion Prompt screening of high-risk individuals with home BP measurements and ABPM, the diagnosis of masked HTN, and the initiation of treatment, may mitigate the adverse cardiovascular effects of masked HTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Palla
- Division of Cardiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Sanjana Konda
- Division of Cardiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Section of Heart Failure and Transplant, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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15
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Monahan M, Jowett S, Lovibond K, Gill P, Godwin M, Greenfield S, Hanley J, Hobbs FDR, Martin U, Mant J, McKinstry B, Williams B, Sheppard JP, McManus RJ. Predicting Out-of-Office Blood Pressure in the Clinic for the Diagnosis of Hypertension in Primary Care: An Economic Evaluation. Hypertension 2017; 71:250-261. [PMID: 29203628 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Clinical guidelines in the United States and United Kingdom recommend that individuals with suspected hypertension should have ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring to confirm the diagnosis. This approach reduces misdiagnosis because of white coat hypertension but will not identify people with masked hypertension who may benefit from treatment. The Predicting Out-of-Office Blood Pressure (PROOF-BP) algorithm predicts masked and white coat hypertension based on patient characteristics and clinic BP, improving the accuracy of diagnosis while limiting subsequent ambulatory BP monitoring. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of using this tool in diagnosing hypertension in primary care. A Markov cost-utility cohort model was developed to compare diagnostic strategies: the PROOF-BP approach, including those with clinic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg who receive ambulatory BP monitoring as guided by the algorithm, compared with current standard diagnostic strategies including those with clinic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg combined with further monitoring (ambulatory BP monitoring as reference, clinic, and home monitoring also assessed). The model adopted a lifetime horizon with a 3-month time cycle, taking a UK Health Service/Personal Social Services perspective. The PROOF-BP algorithm was cost-effective in screening all patients with clinic BP ≥130/80 mm Hg compared with current strategies that only screen those with clinic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg, provided healthcare providers were willing to pay up to £20 000 ($26 000)/quality-adjusted life year gained. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses supported the base-case findings. The PROOF-BP algorithm seems to be cost-effective compared with the conventional BP diagnostic options in primary care. Its use in clinical practice is likely to lead to reduced cardiovascular disease, death, and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Monahan
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Sue Jowett
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Kate Lovibond
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Paramjit Gill
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Marshall Godwin
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Sheila Greenfield
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Janet Hanley
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - F D Richard Hobbs
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Una Martin
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Jonathan Mant
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Brian McKinstry
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - Bryan Williams
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
| | - James P Sheppard
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.).
| | - Richard J McManus
- From the Institute of Applied Health Research, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (M.M., S.J., S.G., U.M.); National Guideline Centre, Royal College of Physicians, London, United Kingdom (K.L.); Social Science and Systems in Health Unit, University of Warwick, United Kingdom (P.G.); Family Practice Unit, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada (M.G.); Health Services Research Unit, Edinburgh Napier University, United Kingdom (J.H.); Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (F.D.R.H., J.P.S., R.J.M.); Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.M.); Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (B.M.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, United Kingdom (B.W.)
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16
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Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Hypertension 2017; 71:e13-e115. [PMID: 29133356 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1577] [Impact Index Per Article: 225.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, Casey DE, Collins KJ, Dennison Himmelfarb C, DePalma SM, Gidding S, Jamerson KA, Jones DW, MacLaughlin EJ, Muntner P, Ovbiagele B, Smith SC, Spencer CC, Stafford RS, Taler SJ, Thomas RJ, Williams KA, Williamson JD, Wright JT. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 71:e127-e248. [PMID: 29146535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3113] [Impact Index Per Article: 444.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Franklin SS, O'Brien E, Staessen JA. Masked hypertension: understanding its complexity. Eur Heart J 2017; 38:1112-1118. [PMID: 27836914 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Masked hypertension, which is present when in-office normotension translates to out-of-office hypertension, is present in a surprisingly high percentage of untreated persons and an even higher percentage of patients after beginning antihypertensive medication. Not only are persons with prehypertension more likely to have masked hypertension than those with optimal blood pressure (BP), but also they frequently develop target organ damage prior to transitioning to sustained hypertension. Furthermore, the frequency of masked hypertension is high in individuals of African inheritance and in the presence of increased cardiovascular risk factors and disease states, such as diabetes and chronic renal failure. Nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping may be early markers of masked hypertension. Twenty-four hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), which can detect nighttime and 24 h elevated BP, remains the gold standard for diagnosing masked hypertension. Almost one-third of treated patients with masked hypertension remain as 'masked uncontrolled hypertension', and it becomes important, therefore, to use ABPM (and supplemental home BP monitoring) for the effective diagnosis and control of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Franklin
- Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, C240 Medical Sciences (Offices C340A-B), University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4079, USA
| | - Eoin O'Brien
- Conway Institute of Bimolecular and Biomedical Research, University College, Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jan A Staessen
- Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiological KLI Leuven, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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19
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Abstract
Hypertension is an important risk factor of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide. Adverse effects of psychosocial factors at work might increase the risk of masked hypertension, but evidences are still scarce. The objective of this study is then to determine whether adverse psychosocial work factors from the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model are associated with the prevalence of masked hypertension in a population of white-collar workers. White-collar workers were recruited from three public organizations. Blood pressure was measured at the workplace for manually operated measurements (mean of the first three readings taken by a trained assistant) followed by ambulatory measurements (mean of all subsequent readings taken during the working day). Masked hypertension was defined as manually operated BP<140/90 mm Hg and ambulatory BP ⩾135/85 mm Hg. ERI exposure at work was measured using Siegrist's validated questionnaire. Blood pressure readings were obtained from 2369 workers (participation proportion: 85%). ERI exposure (OR: 1.53 (95% CI: 1.16-2.02) and high efforts at work (OR: 1.61 (95% CI: 1.13-1.29) were associated with masked hypertension, after adjusting for sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors. Workers exposed to an imbalance between efforts spent at work and reward had a higher prevalence of masked hypertension. High efforts at work might be of particular importance in explaining this association. Future studies should be designed to investigate how clinicians can include questions on psychosocial work factors to screen for masked hypertension and how workplace interventions can decrease adverse psychosocial exposures to lower BP.
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Abdalla M, Booth JN, Seals SR, Spruill TM, Viera AJ, Diaz KM, Sims M, Muntner P, Shimbo D. Masked Hypertension and Incident Clinic Hypertension Among Blacks in the Jackson Heart Study. Hypertension 2016; 68:220-6. [PMID: 27185746 PMCID: PMC4900933 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Masked hypertension, defined as nonelevated clinic blood pressure (BP) and elevated out-of-clinic BP may be an intermediary stage in the progression from normotension to hypertension. We examined the associations of out-of-clinic BP and masked hypertension using ambulatory BP monitoring with incident clinic hypertension in the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective cohort of blacks. Analyses included 317 participants with clinic BP <140/90 mm Hg, complete ambulatory BP monitoring, who were not taking antihypertensive medication at baseline in 2000 to 2004. Masked daytime hypertension was defined as mean daytime blood pressure ≥135/85 mm Hg, masked night-time hypertension as mean night-time BP ≥120/70 mm Hg, and masked 24-hour hypertension as mean 24-hour BP ≥130/80 mm Hg. Incident clinic hypertension, assessed at study visits in 2005 to 2008 and 2009 to 2012, was defined as the first visit with clinic systolic/diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or antihypertensive medication use. During a median follow-up of 8.1 years, there were 187 (59.0%) incident cases of clinic hypertension. Clinic hypertension developed in 79.2% and 42.2% of participants with and without any masked hypertension, 85.7% and 50.4% with and without masked daytime hypertension, 79.9% and 43.7% with and without masked night-time hypertension, and 85.7% and 48.2% with and without masked 24-hour hypertension, respectively. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of incident clinic hypertension for any masked hypertension and masked daytime, night-time, and 24-hour hypertension were 2.13 (1.51-3.02), 1.79 (1.24-2.60), 2.22 (1.58-3.12), and 1.91 (1.32-2.75), respectively. These findings suggest that ambulatory BP monitoring can identify blacks at increased risk for developing clinic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Abdalla
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.).
| | - John N Booth
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
| | - Samantha R Seals
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
| | - Tanya M Spruill
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
| | - Anthony J Viera
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
| | - Keith M Diaz
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
| | - Mario Sims
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
| | - Paul Muntner
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- From the Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A., K.M.D., D.S.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (J.N.B., P.M.); Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Preventive Medicine (S.R.S.) and Department of Medicine (M.S.), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson; Department of Population Health, NYU School of Medicine, NY (T.M.S.); and Hypertension Research Program, Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (A.J.V.)
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Algamal AM. Frequency of masked hypertension and its relation to target organ damage in the heart. Egypt Heart J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Chai J, Chen P, Feng R, Liang H, Shen X, Tong G, Cheng J, Li K, Xie S, Shi Y, Wang D. Life events and chronic physical conditions among left-behind farmers in rural China a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:594. [PMID: 26130045 PMCID: PMC4487061 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates the relationships between life events and chronic physical conditions among left behind farmers, a newly emerged weak group in vast rural China. METHODS The study collected information about life events, chronic physical conditions, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose from 4681 famers living in 18 randomly selected villages (Lu'an, Anhui, China) from early November 2013 to the end of December 2013. It compared the risk and odds ratios (RRs/ORs) among different subgroups divided according two life event indices derived by adding up un-weighted-ratings and weighted-ratings based on multivariate logistic regression coefficients respectively. RESULTS A total of 4040 (86.3 % eligible) farmers completed the survey. RRs between farmers with lower than the first 1/15-percentile of life event index and with higher life event index scores ranged 1.43-5.79 for chronic gastritis and 0.42-9.07 for prostatitis, 1.01-4.97 for cervicitis/vaginitis, 1.45-3.28 for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, 1.12-1.58 for hypertension, 1.00-1.66 for diabetes, 1.07-3.35 for pre-diabetes and 5.00-55.00 for "other chronic physical conditions". CONCLUSIONS Life events were independently linked with most of the chronic physical conditions in a dose-effectiveness way. RRs between subgroups divided by given percentile cutoff points of life event index compiled using logistic regression models turned out to be substantially higher than that between subgroups divided by same cutoff points of life event index produced via summing up the un-weighted Likert ratings of all the events studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chai
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Penglai Chen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Rui Feng
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Han Liang
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xingrong Shen
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Guixian Tong
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Kaichun Li
- Lu'an Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an, 237000, China.
| | - Shaoyu Xie
- Lu'an Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an, 237000, China.
| | - Yong Shi
- Lu'an Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Lu'an, 237000, China.
| | - Debin Wang
- School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Abstract
Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring provides valuable information on a person's BP phenotype. Abnormal ambulatory BP phenotypes include white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, nocturnal nondipping, nocturnal hypertension, and high BP variability. Compared to people with sustained normotension (normal BP in the clinic and on ambulatory BP monitoring), the limited research available suggests that the risk of developing sustained hypertension (abnormal BP in the clinic and on ambulatory BP monitoring) over 5 to 10 years is approximately two to three times greater for people with white-coat or masked hypertension. More limited data suggest that nondipping might predate hypertension, and no studies, to our knowledge, have examined whether nocturnal hypertension or high ambulatory BP variability predict hypertension. Ambulatory BP monitoring may be useful in identifying people at increased risk of developing sustained hypertension, but the clinical utility for such use would need to be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Viera
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, USA,
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Skårn SN, Flaa A, Kjeldsen SE, Rostrup M, Brunborg C, Reims HM, Fossum E, Høieggen A, Aksnes TA. High screening blood pressure at young age predicts future masked hypertension: A 17 year follow-up study. Blood Press 2015; 24:131-8. [DOI: 10.3109/21695717.2015.1030889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Nordang Skårn
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnljot Flaa
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Department of Cardiology
| | - Sverre E. Kjeldsen
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology
| | - Morten Rostrup
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Support Services
| | - Henrik M. Reims
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Department of Pathology
| | - Eigil Fossum
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Section for Interventional Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Heart-, Lung-, and Vascular-Disease Clinic
| | - Aud Høieggen
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nephrology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tonje Amb Aksnes
- Section of Cardiovascular and Renal Research
- Department of Cardiology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
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Cuspidi C, Sala C, Tadic M, Rescaldani M, De Giorgi GA, Grassi G, Mancia G. Untreated masked hypertension and carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis. Blood Press 2015; 24:65-71. [PMID: 25608631 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.992185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM Masked hypertension (MH) is recognized as a clinical entity with an unfavorable cardiovascular prognosis; a limited number of reports, however, investigated the impact of this condition on subclinical vascular damage. We performed a meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the association of MH with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in initially untreated subjects. DESIGN Studies were identified by the following search terms: "masked hypertension", "isolated clinic normotension", "white coat normotension", "carotid artery", "carotid atherosclerosis", "carotid intima-media thickness", "carotid damage" and "carotid thickening". Full articles published in English language reporting data from studies performed in untreated adult individuals were considered. RESULTS Overall, 2752 untreated subjects (1039 normotensive, 497 MH and 766 hypertensive individuals) of both genders were included in five studies (sample size range 18-222 for MH participants). Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) showed a progressive increase from normotensive (681 ± 24 μm) to MH (763 ± 57 μm) (standardized mean difference, SMD: 0.51 ± 0.19, 95% CI 0.13-0.89, p < 0.01) and to sustained hypertensive subjects (787 ± 58 μm) (SMD: 0.33 ± 0.07, 95% CI 0.20-0.46, p < 0.01). The statistical difference between MH and NT became borderline after correction for publication bias. A sensitivity analysis showed that the final result was not substantially affected by a single study effect. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the view that MH subjects tend to have a higher risk of developing early carotid atherosclerosis than their true normotensive counterparts. From a practical perspective, the ultrasound search of preclinical carotid disease may improve cardiovascular risk stratification and decision making strategies in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Cuspidi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milano-Bicocca , Milan , Italy
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Shen X, Li K, Chen P, Feng R, Liang H, Tong G, Chen J, Chai J, Shi Y, Xie S, Wang D. Associations of blood pressure with common factors among left-behind farmers in rural China: a cross-sectional study using quantile regression analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e142. [PMID: 25590833 PMCID: PMC4602542 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The whole range of blood pressure (BP) has important implications. Yet, published studies focus primarily on hypertension and hypotension, the two extremes of BP continuum. This study aims at exploring quantile-specific associations of BP with common factors. The study used cross-sectional survey, collected information about gender, age, education, body mass index (BMI), alcohol intake, diet risk behavior, life event index, physical activity, fasting capillary glucose (FCG), and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and pulse pressure (PP) from farmers living in 18 villages from rural Anhui, China, and performed descriptive and multivariate and quantile regression (QR) analysis of associations of SBP, DBP, or PP with the 9 factors surveyed. A total of 4040 (86.3%) eligible farmers completed the survey. Average hypertension prevalence rate and SBP, DBP, and PP values estimated 43.20 ± 0.50% and 141.37 ± 21.98, 87.76 ± 12.23, and 53.63 ± 15.72 mm Hg, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that all the 9 factors were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with one or more of SBP, DBP, and PP. QR coefficients of SBP, DBP, or PP with different factors demonstrated divergent patterns and age, BMI, FCG, and life event index showed substantial trends along the quantile axis. Hypertension prevalence rate was high among the farmers. QR modeling provided more detailed view on associations of SBP, DBP, or PP with different factors and uncovered apparent quantile-related patterns for part of the factors. Both the population group studied and the trends in QR coefficients identified merit specific attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingrong Shen
- From the School of Health Services Management (XS, PC, RF, HL, GT, JC, JC, DW), Anhui Medical University, Hefei; and Lu'an Center for Diseases Prevention and Control (KL, YS, SX), Lu'an, China
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Redon J, Lurbe E. Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Is Ready to Replace Clinic Blood Pressure in the Diagnosis of Hypertension. Hypertension 2014; 64:1169-74; discussion 1174. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josep Redon
- From the Hypertension Clinic, Hospital Clinico, Research Institute INCLIVA (J.R.), and Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General (E.L.), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Madrid, Spain (J.R., E.L.)
| | - Empar Lurbe
- From the Hypertension Clinic, Hospital Clinico, Research Institute INCLIVA (J.R.), and Pediatric Department, Consorcio Hospital General (E.L.), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; and CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos II, Madrid, Spain (J.R., E.L.)
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Franklin SS, O'Brien E, Thijs L, Asayama K, Staessen JA. Masked hypertension: a phenomenon of measurement. Hypertension 2014; 65:16-20. [PMID: 25287401 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanley S Franklin
- From the Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.O'B.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., J.A.S.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A.); Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); and Vitak Research and Development, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.).
| | - Eoin O'Brien
- From the Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.O'B.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., J.A.S.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A.); Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); and Vitak Research and Development, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.)
| | - Lutgarde Thijs
- From the Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.O'B.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., J.A.S.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A.); Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); and Vitak Research and Development, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.)
| | - Kei Asayama
- From the Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.O'B.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., J.A.S.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A.); Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); and Vitak Research and Development, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.)
| | - Jan A Staessen
- From the Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine (S.S.F.); Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (E.O'B.); Studies Coordinating Centre, Research Unit Hypertension and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, KU Leuven, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium (L.T., K.A., J.A.S.); Department of Planning for Drug Development and Clinical Evaluation, Tohoku University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai, Japan (K.A.); Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.); and Vitak Research and Development, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands (J.A.S.)
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