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Lundy B, McKay AKA, Fensham NC, Tee N, Anderson B, Morabito A, Ross MLR, Sim M, Ackerman KE, Burke LM. The Impact of Acute Calcium Intake on Bone Turnover Markers during a Training Day in Elite Male Rowers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:55-65. [PMID: 35977107 PMCID: PMC9770130 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although an acute exercise session typically increases bone turnover markers (BTM), the impact of subsequent sessions and the interaction with preexercise calcium intake remain unclear despite the application to the "real-life" training of many competitive athletes. METHODS Using a randomized crossover design, elite male rowers ( n = 16) completed two trials, a week apart, consisting of two 90-min rowing ergometer sessions (EX1, EX2) separated by 150 min. Before each trial, participants consumed a high (CAL; ~1000 mg) or isocaloric low (CON; <10 mg) calcium meal. Biochemical markers including parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum ionized calcium (iCa) and BTMs (C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin) were monitored from baseline to 3 h after EX2. RESULTS Although each session caused perturbances of serum iCa, CAL maintained calcium concentrations above those of CON for most time points, 4.5% and 2.4% higher after EX1 and EX2, respectively. The decrease in iCa in CON was associated with an elevation of blood PTH ( P < 0.05) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen ( P < 0.0001) over this period of repeated training sessions and their recovery, particularly during and after EX2. Preexercise intake of calcium-rich foods lowered BTM over the course of a day with several training sessions. CONCLUSIONS Preexercise intake of a calcium-rich meal before training sessions undertaken within the same day had a cumulative and prolonged effect on the stabilization of blood iCa during exercise. In turn, this reduced the postexercise PTH response, potentially attenuating the increase in markers of bone resorption. Such practical strategies may be integrated into the athlete's overall sports nutrition plan, with the potential to safeguard long-term bone health and reduce the risk of bone stress injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alannah K A McKay
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | - Nikita C Fensham
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | - Nicolin Tee
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Aimee Morabito
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | - Megan L R Ross
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
| | | | - Kathryn E Ackerman
- Female Athlete Program, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Louise M Burke
- Mary McKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
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Cvijetic S, Keser I, Jurasović J, Orct T, Babić Ž, Boschiero D, Ilich JZ. Diurnal Salivary Cortisol in Relation to Body Composition and Heart Rate Variability in Young Adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:831831. [PMID: 35355570 PMCID: PMC8959541 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.831831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic stress has been related to impaired body composition (bone, muscle, adipose tissue), and disturbed autonomic nervous system (ANS), the latter regulated by hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between salivary cortisol, body composition and heart rate variability (HRV-highly influenced by ANS), in a young student population. METHODS Body composition and HRV parameters were measured using two portable devices based on multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance and photoplethysmography. Body composition included measurement of bone, lean/muscle and adipose tissues. HRV included time domain and frequency domain indices. Salivary cortisol, immediately after awakening, 60 min post awakening and late night was collected and analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Participants included n = 43 healthy university students (39 women, 4 men); 21.1 ± 1.3 years, BMI = 21.8 ± 3.4 kg/m2. Skeletal muscle was reduced in most of the participants, bone mass was at the lower normal range, while the fat tissue parameters were normal with only 7% participants being overweight. Cortisol and HRV parameters of sympathetic predominance (low frequency-LF and low frequency/high frequency ratio-LF/HF) were significantly associated with higher fat tissue parameters (fat mass-FM% and intramuscular adipose tissue-IMAT%) (p <0.001 and p = 0.035, respectively) and with lower skeletal muscle (p = 0.002) and bone mass (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS The results point to a role of cortisol and ANS in the control of all three body composition compartments, suggesting that the stress can result in adverse effects on body composition, even in young, apparently healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Cvijetic
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Selma Cvijetic,
| | - Irena Keser
- Laboratory for Nutrition Science, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Babić
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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A General Mechano-Pharmaco-Biological Model for Bone Remodeling Including Cortisol Variation. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9121401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling requires a strict coordination of bone resorption and formation in time and space in order to maintain consistent bone quality and quantity. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts and bone-forming osteoblasts are the two major players in the remodeling process. Their coordination is achieved by generating the appropriate number of osteoblasts since osteoblastic-lineage cells govern the bone mass variation and regulate a corresponding number of osteoclasts. Furthermore, diverse hormones, cytokines and growth factors that strongly link osteoblasts to osteoclasts coordinated these two cell populations. The understanding of this complex remodeling process and predicting its evolution is crucial to manage bone strength under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Several mathematical models have been suggested to clarify this remodeling process, from the earliest purely phenomenological to the latest biomechanical and mechanobiological models. In this current article, a general mathematical model is proposed to fill the gaps identified in former bone remodeling models. The proposed model is the result of combining existing bone remodeling models to present an updated model, which also incorporates several important parameters affecting bone remodeling under various physiologic and pathologic conditions. Furthermore, the proposed model can be extended to include additional parameters in the future. These parameters are divided into four groups according to their origin, whether endogenous or exogenous, and the cell population they affect, whether osteoclasts or osteoblasts. The model also enables easy coupling of biological models to pharmacological and/or mechanical models in the future.
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Mathis SL, Caputo JL. Resistance Training Is Associated With Higher Lumbar Spine and Hip Bone Mineral Density in Competitive Male Cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 32:274-279. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Suarez-Bregua P, Guerreiro PM, Rotllant J. Stress, Glucocorticoids and Bone: A Review From Mammals and Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:526. [PMID: 30250453 PMCID: PMC6139303 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the final effector products of a neuroendocrine HPA/HPI axis governing energy balance and stress response in vertebrates. From a physiological point of view, basal GC levels are essential for intermediary metabolism and participate in the development and homeostasis of a wide range of body tissues, including the skeleton. Numerous mammalian studies have demonstrated that GC hormones exert a positive role during bone modeling and remodeling as they promote osteoblastogenesis to maintain the bone architecture. Although the pharmacological effect of the so-called stress hormones has been widely reported, the role of endogenous GCs on bone mineral metabolism as result of the endocrine stress response has been largely overlooked across vertebrates. In addition, stress responses are variable depending on the stressor (e.g., starvation, predation, and environmental change), life cycle events (e.g., migration and aging), and differ among vertebrate lineages, which react differently according to their biological, social and cognitive complexity (e.g., mineral demands, physical, and psychological stress). This review intends to summarize the endogenous GCs action on bone metabolism of mammals and fish under a variety of challenging circumstances. Particular emphasis will be given to the regulatory loop between GCs and the parathyroid hormone (PTH) family peptides, and other key regulators of mineral homeostasis and bone remodeling in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Suarez-Bregua
- Institute of Marine Research, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Josep Rotllant
- Institute of Marine Research, Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
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Krishnan A, Muthusami S. Hormonal alterations in PCOS and its influence on bone metabolism. J Endocrinol 2017; 232:R99-R113. [PMID: 27895088 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) occurs in 4-8% of women worldwide. The prevalence of PCOS in Indian adolescents is 12.2% according to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). The National Institute of Health has documented that it affects approximately 5 million women of reproductive age in the United States. Hormonal imbalance is the characteristic of many women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The influence of various endocrine changes in PCOS women and their relevance to bone remains to be documented. Hormones, which include gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH), insulin, the leutinizing/follicle-stimulating hormone (LH/FSH) ratio, androgens, estrogens, growth hormones (GH), cortisol, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin are disturbed in PCOS women. These hormones influence bone metabolism in human subjects directly as well as indirectly. The imbalance in these hormones results in increased prevalence of osteoporosis in PCOS women. Limited evidence suggests that the drugs taken during the treatment of PCOS increase the risk of bone fracture in PCOS patients through endocrine disruption. This review is aimed at the identification of the relationship between bone mineral density and hormonal changes in PCOS subjects and identifies potential areas to study bone-related disorders in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhaya Krishnan
- Department of BiochemistryKarpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sridhar Muthusami
- Department of BiochemistryKarpagam University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mascarella MA, Forest VI, Nhan C, Leboeuf R, Tamilia M, Mlynarek AM, Payne RJ. Seasonal Difference in Postthyroidectomy Hypocalcemia. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015; 154:263-7. [DOI: 10.1177/0194599815617126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Hypocalcemia following thyroidectomy often prolongs hospital stay and is potentially life-threatening. The objective of this study is to determine whether the season when thyroidectomy is performed is associated with postoperative hypocalcemia. Study Design Retrospective case series of patients undergoing thyroid surgery from 2009 to 2015. Setting Tertiary care academic institution in Montreal, Canada. Subjects and Methods A consecutive sample of 823 patients undergoing thyroidectomy by a single high-volume otolaryngologist for a suspected or confirmed thyroid malignancy. Patient demographics, procedure type, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and seasonal rate of hypocalcemia postthyroidectomy were calculated and compared. Results Average seasonal rates of postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia in the winter, spring, summer, and autumn were, respectively, 8.3% (8 of 216), 7.3% (12 of 165), 1.5% (3 of 201), and 3.5% (8 of 228; P < .005). Patients operated in the winter were 5.6 times more likely to develop hypocalcemia as compared with those in the summer ( P < .01; 95% confidence interval: 1.7-18.7). In a multiple regression analysis factoring in season when surgery was performed, procedure type, and preoperative vitamin D/calcium supplementation, surgery occurring in the winter predicted a hypocalcemia event (correlation coefficient [SE]: 0.72 [0.024], P = .026; 0.006 [0.025], P = .81; 0.004 [0.019], P = .82, respectively). Conclusion In this study, patients undergoing thyroidectomy in the winter months were more likely to develop postoperative hypocalcemia when compared with those operated in the summer. Further studies are needed to understand the role of vitamin D in the observed seasonal difference in hypocalcemia rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Mascarella
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Véronique-Isabelle Forest
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carol Nhan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Rébecca Leboeuf
- Department of Endocrinology, University de Montreal, Notre Dame Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael Tamilia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alex M. Mlynarek
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard J Payne
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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