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Jeong H, Rani Das P, Kim H, Im AE, Lee BB, Yang KY, Nam SH. A combination of commercial and traditional food-source-derived enzymatic treatment acts as a potential tool to produce functional yuzu ( Citrus junos) powder. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100918. [PMID: 38144855 PMCID: PMC10740101 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic modifications have been applied in citrus to enhance their physicochemical and biological properties and reduce their bitterness. Notwithstanding, research on the combination of enzyme treatment of yuzu is lacking. In this study, yuzu was treated with a combination of isolated cellulase NY203, pectinase UF, and cellulase KN, and this enzymatic treatment was found to increase monosaccharide, naringenin, and hesperetin levels. In contrast, dietary fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin levels were decreased. Moreover, the enzymes disintegrated the inner and outer surface structures and chemical bonding of yuzu, thus improving its solubility rate, water-holding capacity, oil-adsorption capacity, cholesterol-binding capacity, and water-swelling capacity. Furthermore, NY203 + UF + KN combination treatment reduced the bitterness of treated yuzu by 50 % compared with the control. Additionally, NY203 + UF + KN treatment yielded a 28 % decrease in lipid accumulation and two-fold higher lipolytic activity in 3T3L-1 adipocytes. These findings are potentially beneficial to the food/nutraceutical industries regarding functional yuzu powder production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Jeong
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology & Institute of Agricultural and Life Science Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Protiva Rani Das
- Plant Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA
| | - Hayeong Kim
- Institute of Food Industrialization, Institutes of Green Bio-science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeonchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Eun Im
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology & Institute of Agricultural and Life Science Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Bae Lee
- Fruit Research Institute of Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, Jeonnam 59021, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeol Yang
- Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Nam
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology & Institute of Agricultural and Life Science Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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2
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Chu HN, Kim HR, Jang KA, Hwang YJ, Kim JS. Anti-obesity effects of yuja (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka) pomace extract fermented with lactic acid bacteria on the hepatocytes and epididymal fat tissue of rats. Appl Microsc 2023; 53:7. [PMID: 37553478 PMCID: PMC10409683 DOI: 10.1186/s42649-023-00090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of yuja pomace extract fermented with lactic acid bacteria in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity over a period of eight weeks. Epididymal fat cell size was significantly smaller, by about 33%, in the treatment groups given yuja pomace extract fermented with lactic acid bacteria compared to the CON group. Electron microscopic observation of hepatocyte microstructure showed that the number of lipid droplets was lower in hepatocytes, the number of mitochondria was higher, along with distinct cristae, and the rough endoplasmic reticula were well developed with stacks of cisternae and ribosomes. Thus, it is believed that yuja pomace extract fermented with lactic acid bacteria, by influencing body weight and lipid accumulation, is effective in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Na Chu
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Haeng-Ran Kim
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Kyeong-A Jang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Hwang
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Sang Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, 58245, Korea.
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3
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Citrus junos Tanaka Peel Extract Ameliorates HDM-Induced Lung Inflammation and Immune Responses In Vivo. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235024. [PMID: 36501052 PMCID: PMC9740624 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, lung disorders have become a major health concern for humans. Allergic asthma is the most prevalent form of asthma, and its treatments target the inflammation process. Despite significant developments in the diagnosis and management of allergic asthma, side effects are a major concern. Additionally, its extreme heterogeneity impedes the efficacy of the majority of treatments. Thus, newer, safer therapeutic substances, such as natural products, are desired. Citrus junos Tanaka has traditionally been utilized as an anti-inflammatory, sedative, antipyretic, and antitoxic substance. In this study, the protective effects of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract (B215) against lung inflammation were examined, and efforts were made to understand the underlying protective mechanism using an HDM-induced lung inflammation murine model. The administration of B215 reduced immune cell infiltration in the lungs, plasma IgE levels, airway resistance, mucus hypersecretions, and cytokine production. These favorable effects alleviated HDM-induced lung inflammation by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Hence, B215 might be a promising functional food to treat lung inflammation without adverse effects.
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A Narrative Review of the Effects of Citrus Peels and Extracts on Human Brain Health and Metabolism. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091847. [PMID: 35565814 PMCID: PMC9103913 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy increases, age-associated diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) become a major health problem. The onset of AD involves neurological dysfunction due to amyloid-β accumulation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation in the brain. In addition, lifestyle-related diseases-such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and vascular dysfunction-increase the risk of developing dementia. The world population ages, prompting the development of new strategies to maintain brain health and prevent the onset of dementia in older and preclinical patients. Citrus fruits are abundant polymethoxylated flavone and flavanone sources. Preclinical studies reported that these compounds have neuroprotective effects in models of dementia such as AD. Interestingly, clinical and epidemiological studies appear to support preclinical evidence and show improved cognitive function and reduced associated disease risk in healthy individuals and/or patients. This review summarizes the recent evidence of the beneficial effects of citrus peels and extracts on human cognition and related functions.
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Carvalho BMR, Nascimento LC, Nascimento JC, Gonçalves VSDS, Ziegelmann PK, Tavares DS, Guimarães AG. Citrus Extract as a Perspective for the Control of Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis From Animal Models to Human Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:822678. [PMID: 35237168 PMCID: PMC8884359 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.822678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to obtain scientific evidence on the use of Citrus to control dyslipidemia. The surveys were carried out in 2020 and updated in March 2021, in the PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and SciELO databases, using the following descriptors: Citrus, dyslipidemias, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemias, lipoproteins, and cholesterol. The risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane methodology for clinical trials and ARRIVE for preclinical trials. A meta-analysis was performed using the application of R software. A total of 958 articles were identified and 26 studies demonstrating the effectiveness of the Citrus genus in controlling dyslipidemia were selected, of which 25 were included in the meta-analysis. The effects of Citrus products on dyslipidemia appear consistently robust, acting to reduce total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides, in addition to increasing HDL. These effects are associated with the composition of the extracts, extremely rich in antioxidant, as flavonoids, and that act on biochemical targets involved in lipogenesis and beta-oxidation. The risk of bias over all of the included studies was considered critically low to moderate. The meta-analysis demonstrated results favorable to control dyslipidemia by Citrus products. On the other hand, high heterogeneity values were identified, weakening the evidence presented. From this study, one can suggest that Citrus species extracts are potential candidates for dyslipidemia control, but more studies are needed to increase the strength of this occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina M R Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Laranda C Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Jessica C Nascimento
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas à Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia K Ziegelmann
- Departamento de Estatística, Programa de Pós-graduação em Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Débora S Tavares
- Departamento de Educação em Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Lagarto, Brazil
| | - Adriana G Guimarães
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
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Lim WXJ, Gammon CS, von Hurst P, Chepulis L, Page RA. A Narrative Review of Human Clinical Trials on the Impact of Phenolic-Rich Plant Extracts on Prediabetes and Its Subgroups. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113733. [PMID: 34835989 PMCID: PMC8624625 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic-rich plant extracts have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control in individuals with prediabetes. However, there is increasing evidence that people with prediabetes are not a homogeneous group but exhibit different glycemic profiles leading to the existence of prediabetes subgroups. Prediabetes subgroups have been identified as: isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined impaired fasting glucose and glucose intolerance (IFG/IGT). The present review investigates human clinical trials examining the hypoglycemic potential of phenolic-rich plant extracts in prediabetes and prediabetes subgroups. Artemisia princeps Pampanini, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) leaf and Citrus junos Tanaka peel have been demonstrated to improve fasting glycemia and thus may be more useful for individuals with IFG with increasing hepatic insulin resistance. In contrast, white mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) leaf, persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf and Acacia. Mearnsii bark were shown to improve postprandial glycemia and hence may be preferably beneficial for individuals with IGT with increasing muscle insulin resistance. Elaeis guineensis leaf was observed to improve both fasting and postprandial glycemic measures depending on the dose. Current evidence remains scarce regarding the impact of the plant extracts on glycemic control in prediabetes subgroups and therefore warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xin Janice Lim
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Cheryl S. Gammon
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand; (W.X.J.L.); (C.S.G.)
| | - Pamela von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand;
| | - Lynne Chepulis
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3216, New Zealand;
| | - Rachel A. Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Metabolic Health Research, Massey University, Auckland 0632, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-4-801-5799 (ext. 63462)
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Shyur LF, Varga V, Chen CM, Mu SC, Chang YC, Li SC. Extract of white sweet potato tuber against TNF-α-induced insulin resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in C2C12 myotubes. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2021; 62:7. [PMID: 34003397 PMCID: PMC8131422 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-021-00315-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White sweet potato (WSP; Ipomoea batatas L. Simon No. 1) has many potential beneficial effects on metabolic control and diabetes-related insulin resistance. The improvement of insulin resistance by WSP tuber extracts on glucose uptake were not investigated in C2C12 myoblast cells. RESULTS WSP tuberous ethanol extract (WSP-E) was partitioned with ethyl-acetate and water to obtain ethyl-acetate layer (WSP-EA) and water layer (WSP-EW). The WSP-EA shows the highest total phenolic contents and highest antioxidant activity by Folin-Ciocalteu and (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate, DPPH) assay, respectively. After low concentration horse serum on differentiation inducement of C2C12 myoblasts into mature myotubes, the cells were treated with TNF-α to induce insulin resistance. WSP-EA and WSP-EW extracts increased the uptake of fluorescence glucose analogue (2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-NBDG) in a dose-dependent manner as examined by flow cytometry. The WSP-EA enhanced glucose uptake by activation of phosphorylation of IR (pIR), IRS-1 (pIRS-1) and Akt (pAkt) involved in PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, also upregulated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression in myotubes. CONCLUSIONS WSP-EA enhanced the glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes through upregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. The in vitro data reveal that WSP tuber extracts has potential applications to improve insulin resistance in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie-Fen Shyur
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Viola Varga
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Chiao-Ming Chen
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition, and Nutraceutical Biotechnology, Shih Chien University, Taipei, 10462 Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chi Mu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 24205 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chih Chang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Sing-Chung Li
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
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Nam SH, Cho HS, Jeong H, Lee BB, Cho YS, Rameeza F, Eun JB. Physiochemical properties, dietary fibers, and functional characterization of three yuzu cultivars at five harvesting times. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:117-127. [PMID: 33552623 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-020-00850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This research focused on physiochemical and nutritional properties and functional characterization of three cultivars of yuzu-Native, Tadanishiki yuzu, and Namhae1-during different seasons. According to the cultivar and harvest time, yuzu cultivars were analyzed for free sugar, dietary fiber, hesperidin, naringin, and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant and antihypertensive activity. During November, Namhae1 exhibited the highest fruit weight, °Brix/acidity ratio, and total dietary fiber content. Tadanishiki contained the highest fructose and sucrose levels, pectin and cellulose contents, and soluble dietary fiber. Tadanishiki also had the highest hesperidin content in October, while the naringin content and antioxidant activity were the greatest in November. Antihypertensive activity was also the strongest for Tadanishiki, which was picked in October and November. These results indicated that Tadanishiki in October or November was the best for consumption or favorable processing because of its excellent product quality and high levels of nutritional and functional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Nam
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Cho
- Fruit Research Institute of Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, 59021 Jeonnam Korea
| | - Hana Jeong
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Bo-Bae Lee
- Fruit Research Institute of Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, 59021 Jeonnam Korea
| | - Youn-Sup Cho
- Fruit Research Institute of Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Haenam, 59021 Jeonnam Korea
| | - Fatima Rameeza
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186 Korea
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Kim JW, Jo EH, Moon JE, Cha H, Chang MH, Cho HT, Lee MK, Jung WS, Lee JH, Heo W, Kim YJ. In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Effect of Citrus Junos Tanaka Peel Extract against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptotic Death of Lung Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1231. [PMID: 33291640 PMCID: PMC7761914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various stresses derived from both internal and external oxidative environments lead to the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causing progressive intracellular oxidative damage and ultimately cell death. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract (CE) against oxidative-stress induced the apoptosis of lung cells and the associated mechanisms of action using in vitro and in vivo models. The protective effect of CE was evaluated in vitro in NCI-H460 human lung cells exposed to pro-oxidant H2O2. The preventive effect of CE (200 mg/kg/day, 10 days) against pulmonary injuries following acrolein inhalation (10 ppm for 12 h) was investigated using an in vivo mouse model. Herein, we demonstrated the inhibitory effect of CE against the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of lung cells under a highly oxidative environment. The function of CE is linked with its ability to suppress ROS-dependent, p53-mediated apoptotic signaling. Furthermore, we evaluated the protective role of CE against apoptotic pulmonary injuries associated with the inhalation of acrolein, a ubiquitous and highly oxidizing environmental respiratory pollutant, through the attenuation of oxidative stress. The results indicated that CE exhibits a protective effect against the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of lung cells in both in vitro and in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Eun Hee Jo
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Ji Eun Moon
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Hanvit Cha
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Moon Han Chang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Hyung Taek Cho
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Min Kook Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
| | - Wan Sik Jung
- Immunotech, Inc., Cheonan-si, Chungnam 31094, Korea;
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
- Institutes of Natural Sciences, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea
| | - Wan Heo
- Institutes of Natural Sciences, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea
| | - Young Jun Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 8244, Korea; (J.W.K.); (E.H.J.); (J.E.M.); (H.C.); (M.H.C.); (H.T.C.); (M.K.L.)
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Denaro M, Smeriglio A, Xiao J, Cornara L, Burlando B, Trombetta D. New insights into
Citrus
genus: From ancient fruits to new hybrids. FOOD FRONTIERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm) University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm) University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine University of Macau Taipa Macau
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment, and Life Sciences (DISTAV) University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Bruno Burlando
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR) University of Genova Genova Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (ChiBioFarAm) University of Messina Messina Italy
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11
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Chung S, Shin EJ, Choi H, Park JH, Hwang J. Anacardic acid mitigates liver fat accumulation and impaired glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:796-804. [PMID: 32148789 PMCID: PMC7020305 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of anacardic acid (AA), a phenolic lipid found in cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale), on metabolic disorders related to obesity, fatty liver disease, and diabetes using both in vitro and in vivo models. The application of AA led to a reduction in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells without observable cytotoxicity. Results from Western blot analysis revealed that AA treatment also led to decreased expression of fatty acid synthase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. In vivo studies were performed to evaluate the effects of AA treatment on fatty liver disease and diabetes. Mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet had significantly higher body and liver weights, and higher levels of liver fat, cholesterol, fasting glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). However, 12 weeks of oral treatment with 500 μg/kg BW AA slowed down lipid accumulation rates in the liver and mitigated insulin resistance in these mice. Thus, AA may reduce lipid levels and have an antidiabetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Chung
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
| | | | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
| | - Jin‐Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunJeollabuk‐doKorea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeonKorea
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12
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Noor HB, Mou NA, Salem L, Shimul MF, Biswas S, Akther R, Khan S, Raihan S, Mohib MM, Sagor MA. Anti-inflammatory Property of AMP-activated Protein Kinase. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:2-41. [PMID: 31530260 PMCID: PMC7460777 DOI: 10.2174/1871523018666190830100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the many debated topics in inflammation research is whether this scenario is really an accelerated form of human wound healing and immunityboosting or a push towards autoimmune diseases. The answer requires a better understanding of the normal inflammatory process, including the molecular pathology underlying the possible outcomes. Exciting recent investigations regarding severe human inflammatory disorders and autoimmune conditions have implicated molecular changes that are also linked to normal immunity, such as triggering factors, switching on and off, the influence of other diseases and faulty stem cell homeostasis, in disease progression and development. METHODS We gathered around and collected recent online researches on immunity, inflammation, inflammatory disorders and AMPK. We basically searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to assemble the studies which were published since 2010. RESULTS Our findings suggested that inflammation and related disorders are on the verge and interfere in the treatment of other diseases. AMPK serves as a key component that prevents various kinds of inflammatory signaling. In addition, our table and hypothetical figures may open a new door in inflammation research, which could be a greater therapeutic target for controlling diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and preventing autoimmune diseases. CONCLUSION The relationship between immunity and inflammation becomes easily apparent. Yet, the essence of inflammation turns out to be so startling that the theory may not be instantly established and many possible arguments are raised for its clearance. However, this study might be able to reveal some possible approaches where AMPK can reduce or prevent inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Md A.T. Sagor
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Tel: +8801719130130; E-mail:
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Identification and Extraction Optimization of Active Constituents in Citrus junos Seib ex TANAKA Peel and Its Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040680. [PMID: 30769817 PMCID: PMC6412224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus junos Seib ex TANAKA possesses various biological effects. It has been used in oriental remedies for blood circulation and the common cold. Recently, biological effects of C. junos peel have been reported. However, optimization of the biological properties of C. junos peel preparations has yet to be reported on. We developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for quantification of the active constituents in C. junos peel. Hot water and ethanolic extracts of C. junos peel were prepared and their chemical profiles and biological activities were evaluated. The 80% ethanolic extract demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity and phenolic content, while the 100% ethanolic extract had the greatest xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Elastase inhibition activity was superior in aqueous and 20% ethanolic extracts. The contents of two flavonoids were highest in the 100% ethanolic extract. We postulated that the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of C. junos peel extract could be attributed to phenolics such as flavonoids. Our results suggest that the flavonoid-rich extract of C. junos may be utilized for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disease and hyperuricemia while the water-soluble extract of C. junos could be used as a source for its anti-aging properties.
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Dosoky NS, Setzer WN. Biological Activities and Safety of Citrus spp. Essential Oils. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1966. [PMID: 29976894 PMCID: PMC6073409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits have been a commercially important crop for thousands of years. In addition, Citrus essential oils are valuable in the perfume, food, and beverage industries, and have also enjoyed use as aromatherapy and medicinal agents. This review summarizes the important biological activities and safety considerations of the essential oils of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), bitter orange (Citrus aurantium), neroli (Citrus aurantium), orange petitgrain (Citrus aurantium), mandarin (Citrus reticulata), lemon (Citrus limon), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi), bergamot (Citrus bergamia), Yuzu (Citrus junos), and kumquat (Citrus japonica).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Dosoky
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
| | - William N Setzer
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA.
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15
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Saenz J, Santa-María C, Reyes-Quiroz ME, Geniz I, Jiménez J, Sobrino F, Alba G. Grapefruit Flavonoid Naringenin Regulates the Expression of LXRα in THP-1 Macrophages by Modulating AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1735-1745. [PMID: 29140707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present work investigates the modulation of grapefruit flavonoid naringenin over liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) and its target genes in THP-1 macrophages, focusing on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) implication. Naringenin induced LXRα at mRNA and protein levels besides influencing the expression of LXRα target genes ABCA1, ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette A1 and G1), and SREBP1c (sterol response element binding protein 1c) in THP-1 macrophages. The increased LXRα mRNA and protein expression was reverted when AMPK was inhibited by its chemical inhibitor, compound C or by transfection with AMPK α1 and α2 siRNA. Naringenin treatments were also able to promote reverse cholesterol transport in THP-1 cells, which is in line with the increase in the ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression found. Treatments with this flavonoid also inhibited cell migration in THP-1 cells. In conclusion, LXRα and its target genes are up-regulated by naringenin in an AMPK dependent manner in human macrophages. The enhancement in the expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux may reveal a new mechanism by which this polyphenol can prevent atherosclerosis and foam cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Saenz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Consuelo Santa-María
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - María Edith Reyes-Quiroz
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Isabel Geniz
- Hospital Nuestra Señora de Valme , Servicio Andaluz de Salud , 41001 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Juan Jiménez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
| | - Gonzalo Alba
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular , Universidad de Sevilla , 41004 Sevilla , Spain
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16
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Shin EJ, Park JH, Sung MJ, Chung MY, Hwang JT. Citrus junos Tanaka peel ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:499. [PMID: 27912736 PMCID: PMC5135759 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1460-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Citrus junos Tanaka (yuja), a yellow-coloured citrus fruit has traditionally been consumed in Korea, Japan, and China and has been found effective in preventing certain diseases. However, the inhibitory effect of yuja on hepatic lipid accumulation has not been clearly elucidated thus far. Methods The inhibitory effect of yuja on hepatic lipid accumulation was investigated in both cell culture and mouse models. We investigated the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of yuja peel (YE) using HepG2 cells. We next confirmed the effect of YE in mice fed a high cholesterol diet. Animals were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): a normal diet group (ND), a high-cholesterol diet group (HC), high-cholesterol diet plus 1% YE (YL), high-cholesterol diet plus 5% YE (YH). Result Seventy percent ethanolic extracts of yuja peel (YE) reduced oleic acid-induced hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Treatment with YE at 100, 200 μg/mL up-regulated expression levels of cholesterol metabolism-related proteins such as AMPK, ACC, PPAR-α, and CPT1 and down-regulated the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. The hypocholesterolemic effect of YE was further confirmed in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet. Compared to ND (normal diet) mice, HC (high-cholesterol diet) mice showed increased body weight, liver fat content, liver weight, and content of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. On the contrary, administrations of YL (HC + 1% YE) or YH (HC + 5% YE) significantly reduced body weight, liver fat content, liver weight, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol compared to those of only HC fed mice group. As a result of in vitro data, protein expressions of PPAR-α and CPT1 were induced in mice fed YE diet compared to HC diet but HMGCR expression was decreased. Conclusions Yuja peel ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation in both cell culture and mouse models and therefore, could serve as a useful supplement for hypercholesterolemia.
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Jeon EJ, Lee DH, Kim YJ, Ahn J, Kim MJ, Hwang JT, Hur J, Kim M, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Seo DH, Lee JS, Sung MJ, Jung CH. Effects of yuja peel extract and its flavanones on osteopenia in ovariectomized rats and osteoblast differentiation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2587-2601. [PMID: 27506630 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Yuja (Citrus junos Tanaka) possesses various health benefits, but its effects on bone health are unknown. In this study, the preventative effects of yuja peel ethanol extract (YPEE) on osteopenia were determined in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the mechanisms by which YPEE and its flavanones regulate osteoblastogenesis were examined in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS The effects of YPEE on osteoblastogenesis were investigated in MC3T3-E1 cells. YPEE promoted alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and the expression of osteoblast differentiation marker genes, such as ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin. YPEE and its flavanones promoted osteoblast differentiation via BMP-2-mediated p38 and the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. YPEE supplementation significantly decreased body weight and increased uterine weight and bone mineral density in OVX rats. Based on a micro-CT analysis of femurs, YPEE significantly attenuated osteopenia and increased trabecular volume fraction, trabecular separation, and trabecular number (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Dietary YPEE has a protective effect on OVX-induced osteopenia. YPEE and its flavanones promote osteoblastogenesis via the activation of the BMP/p38/Smad/Runx2 pathways. These results extend our knowledge of the beneficial effects of YPEE and provide a basis for the development of novel therapies for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Jeon
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Ji Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Hur
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Suk Lee
- Department of Analysis Support, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Research Group of Nutrition and Diet, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ebrahimi E, Shirali S, Afrisham R. Effect and Mechanism of Herbal Ingredients in Improving Diabetes Mellitus Complications. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-31657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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Effect and Mechanism of Herbal Ingredients in Improving Diabetes Mellitus Complications. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.31657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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20
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Assefa AD, Saini RK, Keum YS. Extraction of antioxidants and flavonoids from yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb ex Tanaka) peels: a response surface methodology study. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-016-9405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lv X, Zhao S, Ning Z, Zeng H, Shu Y, Tao O, Xiao C, Lu C, Liu Y. Citrus fruits as a treasure trove of active natural metabolites that potentially provide benefits for human health. Chem Cent J 2015; 9:68. [PMID: 26705419 PMCID: PMC4690266 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-015-0145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits, which are cultivated worldwide, have been recognized as some of the most high-consumption fruits in terms of energy, nutrients and health supplements. What is more, a number of these
fruits have been used as traditional medicinal herbs to cure diseases in several Asian countries. Numerous studies have focused on Citrus secondary metabolites as well as bioactivities and have been intended to develop new chemotherapeutic or complementary medicine in recent decades. Citrus-derived secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, limonoids, coumarins, carotenoids, phenolic acids and essential oils, are of vital importance to human health due to their active properties. These characteristics include anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, as well as cardiovascular protective effects, neuroprotective effects, etc. This review summarizes the global distribution and taxonomy, numerous secondary metabolites and bioactivities of Citrus fruits to provide a reference for further study. Flavonoids as characteristic bioactive metabolites in Citrus fruits are mainly introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmiao Lv
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zhangchi Ning
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Honglian Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Yisong Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Ou Tao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China ; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077 China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029 China
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Hwang JT, Yang HJ, Ha KC, So BO, Choi EK, Chae SW. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to investigate the anti-diabetic effect of Citrus junos Tanaka peel. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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23
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Kawajiri J, Tanaka T, Nishimura N. Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka) peel on the diet-induced obesity in a zebrafish model. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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24
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Citrus junos Tanaka peel extract attenuates experimental colitis and inhibits tumour growth in a mouse xenograft model. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Matsumoto T, Asakura H, Hayashi T. Effects of olfactory stimulation from the fragrance of the Japanese citrus fruit yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) on mood states and salivary chromogranin A as an endocrinologic stress marker. J Altern Complement Med 2014; 20:500-6. [PMID: 24742226 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2013.0425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the soothing effects of fragrance from yuzu, a Japanese citrus fruit (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), with salivary chromogranin A (CgA) used as an endocrinologic stress marker reflecting sympathetic nervous system activity. METHODS Twenty healthy women (mean age, 20.5 ± 0.1 years) participated in a randomized, controlled, crossover study. Participants were examined on two separate occasions-once using the yuzu scent and once using unscented water as a control-in the follicular phase. This experiment measured salivary CgA and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) as a psychological index before and after the aromatic stimulation. RESULTS Ten-minute inhalation of the yuzu scent significantly decreased salivary CgA. At 30 minutes after the inhalation period, the salivary CgA level further decreased. In addition, POMS revealed that inhalation of the aromatic yuzu oil significantly decreased total mood disturbance, a global measure of affective state, as well as four subscores of emotional symptoms (tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, and confusion), as long as 30 minutes after the olfactory stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Yuzu's aromatic effects may alleviate negative emotional stress, which, at least in part, would contribute to the suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamaki Matsumoto
- 1 Department of Health Education, Faculty of Education, Shitennoji University , Osaka, Japan
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26
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Eddouks M, Bidi A, El Bouhali B, Hajji L, Zeggwagh NA. Antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 66:1197-214. [PMID: 24730446 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate. This chronic pathology gravely troubled the human health and quality of life. Both insulin deficiency and insulin resistance are involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, insulin resistance is being diagnosed nowadays in a growing population of diabetic and obese patients, especially in industrialized societies. There are lots of conventional agents available to control and to treat diabetes, but total recovery from this disorder has not been reported up to this date. Plants provided a potential source of hypoglycemic drugs and are widely used in several traditional systems of medicine to prevent diabetes. A few reviews with less attention paid to mechanisms of action have been published on antidiabetic plants. OBJECTIVES The present review focuses on the various plants that have been reported to be effective in improving insulin sensitivity associated with diabetes. KEY FINDINGS In this work, an updated systematic review of the published literature has been conducted to review the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity and 111 medicinal plants have been reported to have a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity using several in-vitro and in-vivo animal models of diabetes. CONCLUSION The different metabolic and cellular effects of the antidiabetic plants improving insulin sensitivity are reported indicating the important role of medicinal plants as potential alternative or complementary use in controlling insulin resistance associated with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Eddouks
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Errachidia, Morocco
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