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Aparecida Santos L, de Castro Dutra J, Picoli Marinho E, Cosme Cotta Malaquias L, Nascimento Gomes B, Caravita Grisolia J, Andrade Dias N, Burger E. Celecoxib exhibits antifungal effect against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis both directly and indirectly by activating neutrophil responses. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112606. [PMID: 38963980 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Celecoxib, an anti-inflammatory drug, combined therapies using antimicrobials and immune modulator drugs are being studied. OBJECTIVE To assess whether Celecoxib has direct in vitro antifungal effect against the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the causative agent of Paracoccidioidomycosis-(PCM) and also if it improves the in vivo activity of neutrophils-(PMN) in an experimental murine subcutaneous-(air pouch) model of the disease. METHODS The antifungal activity of Celecoxib(6 mg/mL) on P. brasiliensis-(Pb18) was evaluated using the microdilution technique. Splenocytes co-cultured with Pb18 and treated with Celecoxib(6 mg/mL) were co-cultured for 24, 48 and 72-hours. Swiss mice were inoculated with Pb18 and treated with Celecoxib(6 mg/kg) in the subcutaneous air pouch. Neutrophils were collected from the air pouch. Mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen production, catalase, peroxidase, cytokines and chemokines, nitrogen species, total protein, microbicidal activity of PMNs and viable Pb18 cells numbers were analyzed. RESULTS Celecoxib had no cytotoxic effect on splenocytes co-cultured with Pb18, but had a marked direct antifungal effect, inhibiting fungal growth both in vitro and in vivo. Celecoxib interaction with immune system cells in the air pouch, it leads to activation of PMNs, as confirmed by several parameters (mitochondrial activity, reactive oxygen species, peroxidase, KC and IL-6 increase, killing constant and phagocytosis). Celecoxib was able to reduce IL-4, IL-10 and IL-12 cytokine production. The number of recovered viable Pb18 decreased dramatically. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of the direct antifungal activity of Celecoxib against P. brasiliensis. The use of Celecoxib opens a new possibility for future treatment of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauana Aparecida Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julia de Castro Dutra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Enrico Picoli Marinho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nascimento Gomes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Julianne Caravita Grisolia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Nayara Andrade Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Eva Burger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Federal University of Alfenas - UNIFAL. Alfenas, MG - Brazil CEP - 37130-001, Brazil.
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Yi DY, Xu QY, He Y, Zheng XQ, Yang TC, Lin Y. Treponema pallidum protein Tp47 induced prostaglandin E2 to inhibit the phagocytosis in human macrophages. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:1166-1178. [PMID: 38258964 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) infection, the host's immune system actively engages in pursuit and elimination of T. pallidum, while T. pallidum skillfully employs various mechanisms to evade immune recognition. Macrophages exhibit incomplete clearance of T. pallidum in vitro and the underlying mechanism of how T. pallidum resists the attack of macrophage remains unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of T. pallidum membrane protein Tp47 on the phagocytosis of macrophages. METHODS THP-1-derived macrophages were used to investigate the role of Tp47 in the secretion of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in macrophages and the mechanism by which Tp47 induced the production of PGE2, as well as the impact of PGE2 on the macrophage's phagocytosis. RESULTS Tp47 (1-10 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the phagocytosis of latex beads and T. pallidum in macrophages (p ≤ 0.05). PGE2 production by macrophages could be induced by Tp47, and the phagocytic function of macrophages could be restored using PGE2 antibody. Tp47 produced PGE2 by activating the PERK/NF-κB/COX-2 pathway in macrophages. Inhibitors targeting PERK, NF-κB and COX-2, respectively, reduced the level of PGE2 and restored the phagocytic function of macrophages. CONCLUSION Tp47-induced PGE2 production via the PERK/NF-κB/COX-2 pathway contributed to macrophage phagocytosis inhibition, which potentially contributes to immune evasion during the T. pallidum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-Y Yi
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Q-Y Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y He
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - X-Q Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - T-C Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Y Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Babaei F, Mirzababaei M, Tavakkoli A, Nassiri-Asl M, Hosseinzadeh H. Can nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) be repurposed for fungal infection? NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:59-75. [PMID: 37589736 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are an important class of anti-inflammatory drugs widely used for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, mild-to-moderate pain, and fever. This review aimed to explain the functional role and possible mechanisms of the antifungal effects of NSAIDs alone or in combination with antifungal drugs in vitro and in vivo. Several studies reported that NSAIDs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, indomethacin, ketorolac, celecoxib, flurbiprofen, and nimesulide had antifungal activities in vitro, either fungistatic or fungicidal, against different strains of Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Microsporum, and Trichophyton species. These drugs inhibited biofilm adhesion and development, and yeast-to-hypha conversion which may be related to a prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)/PGEx-dependent mechanism. Modulating PGE2 levels by NSAIDs during fungal infection can be introduced as a possible mechanism to overcome. In addition, some important mechanisms of the antifungal activities of NSAIDs and their new derivatives on fungi and host immune responses are summarized. Overall, we believe that using NSAIDs along with classical antifungal drugs has the potential to be investigated as a novel therapeutic strategy in clinical studies. Furthermore, combination therapy can help manage resistant strains, increase the efficacy of antifungal drugs, and reduce toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Babaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Mirzababaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavakkoli
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19839-63113, Tehran, Iran.
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 9177948954, Mashhad, Iran.
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Significance of Pulmonary Endothelial Injury and the Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostanoid Signaling. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010117. [PMID: 36671689 PMCID: PMC9855370 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium plays a key role in the dynamic balance of hemodynamic, humoral and inflammatory processes in the human body. Its central importance and the resulting therapeutic concepts are the subject of ongoing research efforts and form the basis for the treatment of numerous diseases. The pulmonary endothelium is an essential component for the gas exchange in humans. Pulmonary endothelial dysfunction has serious consequences for the oxygenation and the gas exchange in humans with the potential of consecutive multiple organ failure. Therefore, in this review, the dysfunction of the pulmonary endothel due to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, ventilator-related injury, and aspiration is presented in a medical context. Selected aspects of the interaction of endothelial cells with primarily alveolar macrophages are reviewed in more detail. Elucidation of underlying causes and mechanisms of damage and repair may lead to new therapeutic approaches. Specific emphasis is placed on the processes leading to the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 and downstream prostanoid-based signaling pathways associated with this enzyme.
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Jampilek J. Novel avenues for identification of new antifungal drugs and current challenges. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:949-968. [PMID: 35787715 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2097659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Some of otherwise useful fungi are pathogenic to humans, and unfortunately, the number of these pathogens is increasing. In addition to common skin infections, these opportunistic pathogens are able to cause severe, often incurable, systemic mycoses. AREAS COVERED : The number of antifungal drugs is limited, especially drugs that can be used for systemic administration, and resistance to these drugs is very common. This review summarizes various approaches to the discovery and development of new antifungal drugs, provides an overview of the most important molecules in terms of basic (laboratory) research and compounds currently in clinical trials, and focuses on drug repurposing strategy, while providing an overview of drugs of other indications that have been tested in vitro for their antifungal activity for possible expansion of antifungal drugs and/or support of existing antimycotics. EXPERT OPINION : Despite the limitations of the research of new antifungal drugs by pharmaceutical manufacturers, in addition to innovated molecules based on clinically used drugs, several completely new small entities with unique mechanisms of actions have been identified. The identification of new molecular targets that offer alternatives for the development of new unique selective antifungal highly effective agents has been an important outcome of repurposing of non-antifungal drugs to antifungal drug. Also, given the advances in monoclonal antibodies and their application to immunosuppressed patients, it may seem possible to predict a more optimistic future for antifungal therapy than has been the case in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Abdel Shaheed C, Beardsley J, Day RO, McLachlan AJ. Immunomodulatory effects of pharmaceutical opioids and antipyretic analgesics: Mechanisms and relevance to infection. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:3114-3131. [PMID: 35229890 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how pharmaceutical opioids and antipyretic analgesics interact with the immune system potentially has major clinical implications for management of patients with infectious diseases and surgical and critical care patients. An electronic search was carried out on MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL and the Cochrane library to identify reports describing the immunomodulatory effects of opioid analgesics and antipyretic analgesics, and their effects in infectious diseases. In adaptive immunity, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have divergent effects: augmenting cell-mediated immunity but inhibiting humoral immunity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have demonstrated a beneficial role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and histoplasmosis in animals, and may be plausible adjuvants to antimicrobial agents in these diseases. There is a need to evaluate these findings rigorously in human clinical trials. There is preliminary evidence demonstrating antiviral effects of indomethacin in SARS CoV-2 in vitro; however, uncertainty regarding its clinical benefit in humans needs to be resolved in large clinical trials. Certain opioid analgesics are associated with immunosuppressive effects, with a developing understanding that fentanyl, morphine, methadone and buprenorphine suppress innate immunity, whilst having diverse effects on adaptive immunity. Morphine suppresses key cells of the innate immunity and is associated with greater risk of infection in the postsurgical setting. Efforts are needed to achieve adequate analgesia whilst avoiding suppression of the innate immunity in the immediate postoperative period caused by certain opioids, particularly in cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Abdel Shaheed
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Justin Beardsley
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard O Day
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J McLachlan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Pharmacy School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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MicroRNA-155 Modulates Macrophages' Response to Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria through COX-2/PGE2 Signaling. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080920. [PMID: 34451384 PMCID: PMC8398909 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been recognized as a causative agent of various human diseases, including severe infections in immunocompromised patients, such as people living with HIV. The most common species identified is the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAI/MAC), accounting for a majority of infections. Despite abundant information detailing the clinical significance of NTM, little is known about host–pathogen interactions in NTM infection. MicroRNAs (miRs) serve as important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Using a microarray profile, we found that the expression of miR-155 and cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) is significantly increased in bone-marrow-derived macrophages from mice and human monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy volunteers that are infected with NTM. Antagomir against miR-155 effectively suppressed expression of COX-2 and reduced Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) secretion, suggesting that COX-2/PGE2 expression is dependent on miR-155. Mechanistically, we found that inhibition of NF-κB activity significantly reduced miR-155/COX-2 expression in infected macrophages. Most importantly, blockade of COX-2, E-prostanoid receptors (EP2 and EP4) enhanced killing of MAI in macrophages. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of miR-155/COX-2/PGE2 signalling and suggest that induction of these pathways enhances survival of mycobacteria in macrophages. Defining host–pathogen interactions can lead to novel immunomodulatory therapies for NTM infections which are difficult to treat.
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Abou-El-Naga IF, El-Temsahy MM, Mogahed NMFH, Sheta E, Makled S, Ibrahim EI. Effect of celecoxib against different developmental stages of experimental Schistosoma mansoni infection. Acta Trop 2021; 218:105891. [PMID: 33773944 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the high prevalence of schistosomiasis and the wide use of praziquantel solely for mass drug administration to control the disease, there is a great concern about the potential emergence of reduced susceptibility strains. This, together with the concern that praziquantel is ineffective against juvenile worms highlight the importance of developing an alternative anti-schistosomal drug. Using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs against schistosome infection is considerable. The present study evaluated the effect of oral administration of five days celecoxib regimen (20 mg/kg/day) against different developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni infection. This regimen induced significant reduction in worm burden, tissue egg count, individual female fecundity and the mean percentage of immature and mature eggs with increased mean percentage of dead eggs. More importantly, celecoxib was more potent than praziquantel in all these parasitological parameters (except in the worm burden when given against the adult stage where the difference was statistically non-significant). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the adult worms revealed severe tegumental damage, laceration of the muscular layers and oedema of the syncytial layer. There was disruption of the testicular, ovarian and vitelline glandular tissues with signs of apoptosis and abnormalities of the spermatozoa and the oocytes. Additionally, celecoxib induced reduction in the number and the size of the hepatic granulomata and also amelioration of the hepatic tissue pathology.
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Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antibiotics and alternative strategies to combat bacterial pathogens. Molecular docking, antibacterial evaluation in vitro and in vivo, cytotoxicity assessment and enzyme inhibition analyses were performed. Compound 12 exhibited antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC: 4 μg/ml), various clinically isolated strains of MRSA (MIC: 4-16 μg/ml) and Acinetobacter baumannii (MIC: 4 μg/ml) when combined with subinhibitory concentrations of colistin B. Compound 12 (20 mg/kg) yielded mild improvement in survival of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected mice. Additionally, enzyme inhibition tests showed that compound 12 exhibited inhibitory effects against S. aureus dihydrofolate reductase (105.1 μg/ml) and DNA gyrase (122.8 μg/ml). Compound 12 is a promising antibacterial candidate for further development.
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10
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Complex and Controversial Roles of Eicosanoids in Fungal Pathogenesis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7040254. [PMID: 33800694 PMCID: PMC8065571 DOI: 10.3390/jof7040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of fungal infections has increased in immunocompromised patients, leading to millions of deaths annually. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites, such as eicosanoids, play important roles in regulating innate and adaptative immune function, particularly since they can function as virulence factors enhancing fungal colonization and are produced by mammalian and lower eukaryotes, such as yeasts and other fungi (Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans). C. albicans produces prostaglandins (PG), Leukotrienes (LT) and Resolvins (Rvs), whereas the first two have been well documented in Cryptococcus sp. and H. capsulatum. In this review, we cover the eicosanoids produced by the host and fungi during fungal infections. These fungal-derived PGs have immunomodulatory functions analogous to their mammalian counterparts. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) protects C. albicans and C. parapsilosis cells from the phagocytic and killing activity of macrophages. H. capsulatum PGs augment the fungal burden and host mortality rates in histoplasmosis. However, PGD2 potentiates the effects and production of LTB4, which is a very potent neutrophil chemoattractant that enhances host responses. Altogether, these data suggest that eicosanoids, mainly PGE2, may serve as a new potential target to combat diverse fungal infections.
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Mishra RK, Ahmad A, Kumar A, Vyawahare A, Raza SS, Khan R. Lipid-based nanocarrier-mediated targeted delivery of celecoxib attenuate severity of ulcerative colitis. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 116:111103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Santos LA, Grisolia JC, Malaquias LCC, Paula FBDA, Dias ALT, Burger E. Medication association and immunomodulation: An approach in fungal diseases and in particular in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis. Acta Trop 2020; 206:105412. [PMID: 32135141 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections have been increasing in recent decades, mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals, although certain mycoses, such as paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), infect immunologically competent individuals. The major problems observed regarding fungal diseases are inadequate diagnosis, prolonged treatment time, the reduced number of drugs available for treatment, in addition to the fact that there are no vaccines for clinical use. Drug combination in order to immunomodulate the immune response is a new strategy used for the treatment of mycoses, since it is difficult to develop new antifungal drugs. The aim of this study is to present and analyze strategies recently suggested for the treatment of fungi of medical interest, in particular for PCM, such as the utilization of combinations of protein fractions or dead microorganisms, as vaccinal antigens, and cellular immunotherapy. We will also propose new therapeutic alternatives, such as lipids, vitamins, synthetic or natural products as well as the use of low intensity LASER therapy (LLLT) to modulate the immune response of the host, enhancing the efficiency of the existing treatments of mycoses of medical interest and in particular of PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauana Aparecida Santos
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Julianne Caravita Grisolia
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cosme Cotta Malaquias
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borges de Araújo Paula
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda Latércia Tranches Dias
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Eva Burger
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Biomedical Sciences Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil.
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Development of celecoxib-derived antifungals for crop protection. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103670. [PMID: 32088417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib was found directly inhibiting the growth of tested phytopathogenic fungi with the inhibitory rate ranging from 30 to 40% at 100 µg/ml. Lead optimization of celecoxib led to the identification of compound 12 among its derivatives as the most active antifungal candidate. The antifungal effect of compound 12 was supposed to be independent of COX-2 inhibition. Transcriptome profiling analysis of Fusarium graminearium (PH-1) treated with compound 12 brought about 406 up-regulated and 572 down-regulated differentially express genes (DEGs) respectively.
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14
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Locachevic GA, Prado MKB, Zoccal KF, Pereira PAT, Sorgi CA, Bortolanza M, Peti APF, Fogaça MV, Guimarães FS, Del Bel E, Faccioli LH. Paradoxical Effect of LTB 4 on the Regulation of Stress-Induced Corticosterone Production. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:73. [PMID: 31057373 PMCID: PMC6477085 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a mental illness with a complex and multifactorial etiology, which has been associated with stress and inflammation. Infections, autoimmune diseases, envenomation, and trauma induce an inflammatory response that is characterized by increasing levels of circulating cytokines (e.g., IL-1β) and lipid mediators [e.g., PGE2 and leukotrienes B4 (LTB4)]. Recently, we showed that LTB4 production by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway regulates IL-1β and PGE2 release, reducing tissue damage in a model of sterile inflammation. Since IL-1β and PGE2 increase in serum of stressed patients and potentially trigger depression, we used an animal model of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) to investigate the potential impact of LTB4 over depression-like symptoms. At basal conditions, 5-LO deficiency (Alox5−/−) reduces the preference for sucrose, while inducing a higher immobilization time on the tail suspension test when compared 129sv. Moreover, Alox5−/− mice present increased caspase-1 expression and elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-17 and PGE2 in the spleen, with increasing corticosterone levels in the frontal cortex but reducing systemic levels. Compared to 129sv mice, CUS induced higher levels of systemic, frontal cortex and hippocampal corticosterone, and also reduced sucrose preference, increased levels of splenic IL-1β, IL-17 and PGE2 and reduced levels of LTB4. Interestingly, CUS exposure did not alter the reduced sucrose preference shown by Alox5−/− mice but greatly enhanced splenic PGE2 production. Compared to Alox5−/− mice at basal conditions, CUS exposure also increased levels of systemic corticosterone, which remained lower than those of CUS-129sv animals. We also observed that treatment with LTB4 decreased caspase-1 expression and systemic levels of corticosterone in CUS-Alox5−/− mice but there was no significant impact on the reduced sucrose preference. Our results demonstrate that LTB4 controls the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by regulating levels of systemic corticosterone associated with the repression of caspase-1 expression and production of inflammatory mediators. One limitation of our study is that 129sv and Alox5−/− mice were not littermates, not sharing, therefore, the same intra-uterine and preweaning environment. Even so, taken together our results indicate that 5-LO activity is critical for the regulation of stress-induced symptoms, suggesting that the Alox5−/− mouse could be a natural model of corticosterone-independent reduced reward sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele A Locachevic
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Morgana K B Prado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina F Zoccal
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla A T Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia Básica, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Peti
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela V Fogaça
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco S Guimarães
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Del Bel
- Departamento de Morfologia, Fisiologia e Patologia Básica, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Prado MKB, Locachevic GA, Zoccal KF, Paula-Silva FWG, Fontanari C, Ferreira JC, Pereira PAT, Gardinassi LG, Ramos SG, Sorgi CA, Darini ALC, Faccioli LH. Leukotriene B 4 is essential for lung host defence and alpha-defensin-1 production during Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17658. [PMID: 29247243 PMCID: PMC5732241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17993-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is essential for host immune defence. It increases neutrophil recruitment, phagocytosis and pathogen clearance, and decreases oedema and inflammasome activation. The host response and the role of LTB4 during Achromobacter xylosoxidans infection remain unexplored. Wild-type (129sv) and LTB4 deficient (Alox5 -/-) mice were intratracheally infected with A. xylosoxidans. Wild-type 129sv infected mice survived beyond the 8th day post-infection, exhibited increased levels of LTB4 in the lung on the 1st day, while levels of PGE2 increased on the 7th day post-infection. Infected Alox5 -/- mice showed impaired bacterial clearance, increased lung inflammation, and succumbed to the infection by the 7th day. We found that exogenous LTB4 does not affect the phagocytosis of A. xylosoxidans by alveolar macrophages in vitro. However, treatment of infected animals with LTB4 protected from mortality, by reducing the bacterial load and inflammation via BLT1 signalling, the high affinity receptor for LTB4. Of importance, we uncovered that LTB4 induces gene and protein expression of α-defensin-1 during the infection. This molecule is essential for bacterial clearance and exhibits potent antimicrobial activity by disrupting A. xylosoxidans cell wall. Taken together, our data demonstrate a major role for LTB4 on the control of A. xylosoxidans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgana K B Prado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele A Locachevic
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina F Zoccal
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco W G Paula-Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseane C Ferreira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscilla A T Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz G Gardinassi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone G Ramos
- Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia C Darini
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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16
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Pereira PAT, Assis PA, Prado MKB, Ramos SG, Aronoff DM, de Paula-Silva FWG, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH. Prostaglandins D 2 and E 2 have opposite effects on alveolar macrophages infected with Histoplasma capsulatum. J Lipid Res 2017; 59:195-206. [PMID: 29217623 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m078162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppresses macrophage effector mechanisms; however, little is known about the function of PGD2 in infected alveolar macrophages (AMs). Using serum-opsonized Histoplasma capsulatum (Ops-H. capsulatum) in vitro, we demonstrated that AMs produced PGE2 and PGD2 in a time-dependent manner, with PGE2 levels exceeding those of PGD2 by 48 h postinfection. Comparison of the effects of both exogenous PGs on AMs revealed that PGD2 increased phagocytosis and killing through the chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 lymphocytes receptor, whereas PGE2 had opposite effects, through E prostanoid (EP) receptor 2 (EP2)/EP4-dependent mechanisms. Moreover, PGD2 inhibited phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) phosphorylation, reduced IL-10 production, and increased leukotriene B4 receptor expression. In contrast, exogenous PGE2 treatment reduced PLC-γ phosphorylation, p38 and nuclear factor κB activation, TNF-α, H2O2, and leukotriene B4, but increased IL-1β production. Using specific compounds to inhibit the synthesis of each PG in vitro and in vivo, we found that endogenous PGD2 contributed to fungicidal mechanisms and controlled inflammation, whereas endogenous PGE2 decreased phagocytosis and killing of the fungus and induced inflammation. These findings demonstrate that, although PGD2 acts as an immunostimulatory mediator to control H. capsulatum infection, PGE2 has immunosuppressive effects, and the balance between these two PGs may limit collateral immune damage at the expense of microbial containment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A T Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia A Assis
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Morgana K B Prado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone G Ramos
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David M Aronoff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Francisco W G de Paula-Silva
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia H Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Maeng HJ, Song JH, Kim GT, Song YJ, Lee K, Kim JY, Park TS. Celecoxib-mediated activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress induces de novo ceramide biosynthesis and apoptosis in hepatoma HepG2 cells mobilization. BMB Rep 2017; 50:144-149. [PMID: 28193314 PMCID: PMC5422027 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.3.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are the major sphingolipid metabolites involved in cell survival and apoptosis. When HepG2 hepatoma cells were treated with celecoxib, the expression of the genes in de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and sphingomyelinase pathway was upregulated and cellular ceramide was elevated. In addition, celecoxib induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a time-dependent manner. SPTLC2, a subunit of serine palmitoyltransferase, was overexpressed by adenovirus. Adenoviral overexpression of SPTLC2 (AdSPTLC2) decreased cell viability of HEK293 and HepG2 cells. In addition, AdSPTLC2 induced apoptosis via the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway and elevated cellular ceramide, sphingoid bases, and dihydroceramide. However, overexpression of SPTLC2 did not induce ER stress. Collectively, celecoxib activates de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis and the combined effects of elevated ceramide and transcriptional activation of ER stress induce apoptosis. However, activation of de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis does not activate ER stress in hepatoma cells and is distinct from the celecoxib-mediated activation of ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Maeng
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Jae-Hwi Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Goon-Tae Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jeong Song
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Kangpa Lee
- Department of Physiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Park
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
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18
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Pathogen–Host Interaction of Histoplasma capsulatum: an Update. CURRENT FUNGAL INFECTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12281-016-0267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Nimesulide inhibits pathogenic fungi: PGE2-dependent mechanisms. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 62:169-174. [PMID: 27866353 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Certain non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can inhibit fungal growth, fungal prostaglandin E2 production, and enzyme activation. This study aims to investigate the antifungal effect of nimesulide against pathogenic filamentous fungi and yeast. The experiments detailed below were also designed to investigate whether the action is dependent on E2 fungal prostaglandins. Our data showed that nimesulide exhibited potent antifungal activity, mainly against Trichophyton mentagrophytes (ATCC 9533) and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC values of 2 and 62 μg/mL, respectively. This drug was also able to inhibit the growth of clinic isolates of filamentous fungi, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, and dermatophytes, such as T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum canis, and M. gypseum, with MIC values ranging from 112 to 770 μg/mL. Our data also showed that the inhibition of fungal growth by nimesulide was mediated by a mechanism dependent on PGE2, which led to the inhibition of essential fungal enzymes. Thus, we concluded that nimesulide exerts a fungicidal effect against pathogenic filamentous fungi and yeast, involving the inhibition of fungal prostaglandins and fungal enzymes important to the fungal growth and colonization.
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20
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Protective Effect of Galectin-1 during Histoplasma capsulatum Infection Is Associated with Prostaglandin E 2 and Nitric Oxide Modulation. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:5813794. [PMID: 27698545 PMCID: PMC5028869 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5813794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that develops a yeast-like morphology in host's tissue, responsible for the pulmonary disease histoplasmosis. The recent increase in the incidence of histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients highlights the need of understanding immunological controls of fungal infections. Here, we describe our discovery of the role of endogenous galectin-1 (Gal-1) in the immune pathophysiology of experimental histoplasmosis. All infected wild-type (WT) mice survived while only 1/3 of Lgals1−/− mice genetically deficient in Gal-1 survived 30 days after infection. Although infected Lgals1−/− mice had increased proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide (NO), and elevations in neutrophil pulmonary infiltration, they presented higher fungal load in lungs and spleen. Infected lung and infected macrophages from Lgals1−/− mice exhibited elevated levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, a prostanoid regulator of macrophage activation) and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (Ptgs2) mRNA. Gal-1 did not bind to cell surface of yeast phase of H. capsulatum, in vitro, suggesting that Gal-1 contributed to phagocytes response to infection rather than directly killing the yeast. The data provides the first demonstration of endogenous Gal-1 in the protective immune response against H. capsulatum associated with NO and PGE2 as an important lipid mediator in the pathogenesis of histoplasmosis.
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21
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Pereira PAT, Bini D, Bovo F, Faccioli LH, Monteiro MC. Neutrophils influx and proinflammatory cytokines inhibition by sodium salicylate, unlike aspirin, in Candida albicans-induced peritonitis model. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2016; 61:337-46. [PMID: 26762336 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-016-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sodium salicylate (NaS) and aspirin (ASA) are known to have a variety of effects on microorganisms, such as fungus (C. albicans and C. neoformans), moreover, it have effects in leukocyte adhesion and migration in vitro. In this report, we investigated the effect of ASA and NaS in neutrophil migration and cytokine production in C. albicans-induced peritonitis murine model. For this, mice were treated intraperitoneally (i.p) or orally (po) with NaS or ASA; after they were stimulated i.p. with C. albicans, the cellular migration was evaluated 24 h after stimulation. NaS, in mice treated i.p., unlike ASA, was able to inhibit the neutrophil migration and proinflammatory cytokine production induced by C. albicans, such as TNF-α, IL-1, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-10, but did not alter the IL-4 levels in these animals. However, the po treatment with same the dose of NaS or ASA did not affect the influx of this cell for inflammatory site. These results suggest that the NaS inhibits cellular migration and proinflammatory cytokine by different anti-inflammatory mechanism compared to ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Aparecida Tártari Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, USP-SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP-SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bini
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste/UNICENTRO, Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bovo
- Departamento de Anatomia Patológica, Universidade Federal do Paraná/PR, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, USP-SP, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Pós-graduação em Neurociências e Biologia celular, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Correia, Belém, PA, Brazil. .,Endereço: Laboratório de Microbiologia e Imunologia Clínica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Pará/UFPA, Rua Augusto Correia, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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22
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Isaac DT, Berkes CA, English BC, Murray DH, Lee YN, Coady A, Sil A. Macrophage cell death and transcriptional response are actively triggered by the fungal virulence factor Cbp1 during H. capsulatum infection. Mol Microbiol 2015; 98:910-929. [PMID: 26288377 PMCID: PMC5002445 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial pathogens induce or inhibit death of host cells during infection, with significant consequences for virulence and disease progression. Death of an infected host cell can either facilitate release and dissemination of intracellular pathogens or promote pathogen clearance. Histoplasma capsulatum is an intracellular fungal pathogen that replicates robustly within macrophages and triggers macrophage lysis by unknown means. To identify H. capsulatum effectors of macrophage lysis, we performed a genetic screen and discovered three mutants that grew to wild-type levels within macrophages but failed to elicit host-cell death. Each mutant was defective in production of the previously identified secreted protein Cbp1 (calcium-binding protein 1), whose role in intracellular growth had not been fully investigated. We found that Cbp1 was dispensable for high levels of intracellular growth but required to elicit a unique transcriptional signature in macrophages, including genes whose induction was previously associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and host-cell death. Additionally, Cbp1 was required for activation of cell-death caspases-3/7, and macrophage death during H. capsulatum infection was dependent on the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the ability of Cbp1 to actively program host-cell death is an essential step in H. capsulatum pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervla T. Isaac
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Charlotte A. Berkes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA
| | - Bevin C. English
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Davina Hocking Murray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Young Nam Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Alison Coady
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
| | - Anita Sil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0414
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA
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Erythropoietin Exacerbates Inflammation and Increases the Mortality of Histoplasma capsulatum-Infected Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:786319. [PMID: 26538835 PMCID: PMC4619969 DOI: 10.1155/2015/786319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a key hormone involved in red blood cell formation, but its effects on nonerythroid cells, such as macrophages, have not been described. Macrophages are key cells in controlling histoplasmosis, a fungal infection caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc). Considering that little is known about EPO's role during fungal infections and its capacity to activate macrophages, in this study we investigated the impact of EPO pretreatment on the alveolar immune response during Hc infection. The consequence of EPO pretreatment on fungal infection was determined by evaluating animal survival, fungal burden, activation of bronchoalveolar macrophages, inflammatory mediator release, and lung inflammation. Pretreatment with EPO diminished mononuclear cell numbers, increased the recruitment of F4/80+/CD80+ and F4/80+/CD86+ cells to the bronchoalveolar space, induced higher production of IFN-γ, IL-6, MIP-1α, MCP-1, and LTB4, reduced PGE2 concentration, and did not affect fungal burden. As a consequence, we observed an increase in lung inflammation with extensive tissue damage that might account for augmented mouse mortality after infection. Our results demonstrate for the first time that EPO treatment has a deleterious impact on lung immune responses during fungal infection.
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Thangamani S, Younis W, Seleem MN. Repurposing celecoxib as a topical antimicrobial agent. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:750. [PMID: 26284040 PMCID: PMC4517059 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antibiotics and alternative strategies to combat multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens, which are a growing clinical issue. Repurposing existing approved drugs with known pharmacology and toxicology is an alternative strategy to accelerate antimicrobial research and development. In this study, we show that celecoxib, a marketed inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive pathogens from a variety of genera, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Listeria, Bacillus, and Mycobacterium, but not against Gram-negative pathogens. However, celecoxib is active against all of the Gram-negative bacteria tested, including strains of, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas, when their intrinsic resistance is artificially compromised by outer membrane permeabilizing agents such as colistin. The effect of celecoxib on incorporation of radioactive precursors into macromolecules in Staphylococcus aureus was examined. The primary antimicrobial mechanism of action of celecoxib was the dose-dependent inhibition of RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis. Further, we demonstrate the in vivo efficacy of celecoxib in a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infected Caenorhabditis elegans whole animal model. Topical application of celecoxib (1 and 2%) significantly reduced the mean bacterial count in a mouse model of MRSA skin infection. Further, celecoxib decreased the levels of all inflammatory cytokines tested, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and monocyte chemo attractant protein-1 in wounds caused by MRSA infection. Celecoxib also exhibited synergy with many conventional antimicrobials when tested against four clinical isolates of S. aureus. Collectively, these results demonstrate that celecoxib alone, or in combination with traditional antimicrobials, has a potential to use as a topical drug for the treatment of bacterial skin infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, West Lafayette, INUSA
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25
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Pereira PAT, Bitencourt CDS, dos Santos DF, Nicolete R, Gelfuso GM, Faccioli LH. Prostaglandin D2-loaded microspheres effectively activate macrophage effector functions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:132-9. [PMID: 26143263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres (MS) improve the stability of biomolecules stability and allow enable their sustained release. Lipid mediators represent a strategy for improving host defense; however, most of these mediators, such as prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), have low water solubility and are unstable. The present study aimed to develop and characterize MS loaded with PGD2 (PGD2-MS) to obtain an innovative tool to activate macrophages. PGD2-MS were prepared using an oil-in-water emulsion solvent extraction-evaporation process, and the size, zeta potential, surface morphology and encapsulation efficiency were determined. It was also evaluated in vitro the phagocytic index, NF-κB activation, as well as nitric oxide and cytokine production by alveolar macrophages (AMs) in response to PGD2-MS. PGD2-MS were spherical with a diameter of 5.0±3.3 μm and regular surface, zeta potential of -13.4±5.6 mV, and 36% of encapsulation efficiency, with 16-26% release of entrapped PGD2 at 4 and 48 h, respectively. PGD2-MS were more efficiently internalized by AMs than unloaded-MS, and activated NF-κB more than free PGD2. Moreover, PGD2-MS stimulated the production of nitric oxide, TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β, more than free PGD2, indicating that microencapsulation increased the activating effect of PGD2 on cells. In LPS-pre-treated AMs, PGD2-MS decreased the release of IL-6 but increased the production of nitric oxide and IL-1β. These results show that the morphological characteristics of PGD2-MS facilitated interaction with, and activation of phagocytic cells; moreover, PGD2-MS retained the biological activities of PGD2 to trigger effector mechanisms in AMs. It is suggested that PGD2-MS represent a strategy for therapeutic intervention in the lungs of immunocompromised subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Aparecida Tartari Pereira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Claudia da Silva Bitencourt
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Daiane Fernanda dos Santos
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Roberto Nicolete
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz Rondônia), Rua da Beira, 7671, Porto Velho, RO 76812-245, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Martins Gelfuso
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Medicamentos, Alimentos e Cosméticos (LTMAC), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil.
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