1
|
Iturbe-Requena SL, Cuenca-Verde C, Prado-Ochoa MG, Vázquez-Valadez VH, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Angeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. Efficacy of ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages implanted in cattle. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 91:487-496. [PMID: 37787902 PMCID: PMC10616208 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages implanted in cattle was evaluated using the pen test with infestation chambers. Twelve steers were distributed into four groups (n = 3), each with four chambers (12 chambers per group), where approximately 1,000 R. microplus larvae were placed in each chamber. The chambers of the first group were sprayed with a solution of ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate (0.668 mg/mL) on day 2 post-infestation (PI) (exposed larvae). The chambers of the second group were sprayed with the same solution on day 8 PI (exposed nymphs), and the chambers of the third group were sprayed on day 16 PI (exposed adults) with the same solution. The chambers of the fourth group were used as controls. The percentages of engorged females, egg laying, egg production and egg hatching were evaluated in all groups. The percentage of cumulative reduction of hatched larvae was 98.3, 96.1 and 94.4% when larvae, nymph and adult stages were treated, respectively. The average cumulative reduction of hatched larvae, considering the three treated stages, was 96.3%, whereby the reproductive potential of this tick was drastically reduced. In conclusion, ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate acted as an ixodicide (lethal effect) when larval stages were sprayed and as a growth regulator when nymphal and adult stages were sprayed. The sum of these effects had a direct impact on the efficacy of the product in the pen test, and future studies will indicate the potential use of this product for tick control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lizeth Iturbe-Requena
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Cuenca-Verde
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Vázquez-Valadez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Angeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Alba-Hurtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) and in vitro Predictions of Mutagenic and Carcinogenic Activities of Ixodicidal Ethyl-Carbamates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2020:2981681. [PMID: 33274201 PMCID: PMC7700028 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2981681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate (LQM 919) and Ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate (LQM 996) are compounds that inhibit egg-laying and hatching of tick larvae that are resistant to conventional ixodicides. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) to get the endpoint predictions of mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of the LQM 919 and LQM 996 was performed and the absence of mutagenicity was confirmed by Ames test. SAR analysis show no structural alerts indicating the ability of ethyl-carbamates to bind biomolecules or estrogen receptors. Endpoint of mutagenicity with and without metabolic activation showed that the ethyl-carbamates were negative (p <0.05) for mutagenicity induction in strains TA97, TA98, TA102, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 of Salmonella typhimurium. Pre-incubation with different ethyl-carbamate concentrations did not increase the number of spontaneously reverting colonies; moreover, the compounds did not induce a concentration-dependent increase in the number of reverting colonies in any of the strains used. This confirmed the absence of mutagenic activity in this test system. Exogenous metabolic activation did not modify these observations; suggesting that no metabolites with mutagenic activity were present. The endpoint of carcinogenicity in rats were negative for LQM 919 (p <0.05,) and LQM 996 (p <0.001). The results of the present study strongly suggest that ethyl-carbamates do not represent a risk for cancer in mammals.
Collapse
|
3
|
Escobar-Chavarría O, Cossío-Bayúgar R, Ramírez-Noguera P, Prado-Ochoa MG, Velázquez-Sánchez AM, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Angeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. In vivo and in vitro apoptosis induced by new acaricidal ethyl-carbamates in Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 12:101603. [PMID: 33221619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of ethyl-4-bromophenylcarbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenylcarbamate (LQM 996) to induce in vivo apoptosis of Rhipicephalus microplus ovarian cells and in vitro apoptosis of tick and mammalian cell culture was evaluated. The ovaries of engorged females treated with 1 mg mL-1 LQM 919 or LQM 996 presented more (p < 0.001) peroxidase-TUNEL-positive labeled cells (apoptotic cells) in situ than their respective control groups, and this increase was time-dependent (p < 0.001). The majority of apoptotic cells were observed in the epithelium and ovarian pedicel. HepG2, Vero and Rm-sus cells, as well as cells from primary cultures of R. microplus salivary glands, intestine and ovaries were exposed to different concentrations of the ethyl-carbamates. Both ethyl-carbamates induced a concentration-dependent reduction in the viability of all cell types (p < 0.001). Exposure to the ethyl-carbamates increased caspase 3 activity (p < 0.01) in primary cultures and cell lines, except in HepG2 cells. Fluorescent TUNEL-positive cells were observed in all cell types treated with 600 μM LQM 919 or LQM 996. These results indicate that both ethyl-carbamates induce apoptosis of the ovarian, intestinal and salivary glands cells in R. microplus and strongly suggest that this is their main mechanism of acaricidal action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Escobar-Chavarría
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - R Cossío-Bayúgar
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Disciplinarias en Salud Animal e Inocuidad, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Mexico
| | - P Ramírez-Noguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - M G Prado-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - A M Velázquez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - M A Muñoz-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - E Angeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - F Alba-Hurtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iturbe-Requena SL, Prado-Ochoa MG, Velázquez-Sánchez AM, García-Hernández F, Cossío-Bayúgar R, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Ángeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. Oogenesis and embryogenesis inhibition induced by two new ethyl-carbamates in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Iturbe-Requena SL, Prado-Ochoa MG, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Carrillo-Miranda L, Velázquez-Sánchez AM, Ángeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. Acute oral and contact toxicity of new ethyl-carbamates on the mortality and acetylcholinesterase activity of honey bee (Apis mellifera). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 242:125293. [PMID: 31896202 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects produced by the ethyl-carbamates: ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate (LQM 919) and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl carbamate (LQM 996) on the mortality and behavior of Apis mellifera were evaluated by the acute oral toxicity test and the acute contact toxicity test. The oral lethal dose, 50% of the ethyl-carbamates was >145.24 μg per bee, and the oral lethal dose, 50% of propoxur was 0.072 μg per bee. Therefore, according to the OECD criteria, the ethyl-carbamates were classified as relatively nontoxic orally; meanwhile, propoxur was classified as highly toxic orally. In the contact test, lethal concentrations 50% of the ethyl-carbamates were 4.83 and 2.23 μg/cm2 for LQM 919 and LQM 996, respectively; therefore, they were at least 10-fold less lethal (p < 0.05) than propoxur (0.22 μg/cm2). The ethyl-carbamates reduced the activity of A. mellifera acetylcholinesterase by up to 30%. The ki and kd values of both ethyl-carbamates were lower (p < 0.05) than those of propoxur and indicated that they are weak inhibitors and with low affinity to A. mellifera acetylcholinesterase, which along with the absence of behavioral alterations suggests that the mortality caused by ethyl carbamates is not related to damage to the nervous system. According to these results, the evaluated ethyl-carbamates can be considered a low ecotoxic risk for A. mellifera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Iturbe-Requena
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - María G Prado-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A Muñoz-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Liborio Carrillo-Miranda
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Ana M Velázquez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ángeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Alba-Hurtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iturbe-Requena SL, Prado-Ochoa MG, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Velázquez-Sánchez AM, Ángeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. Toxic effects of new ethyl-carbamates on the morphology, mortality and acetylcholinesterase activity of Eisenia foetida. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:219-225. [PMID: 30933896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of the ixodicidal carbamates ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate (LQM 919), ethyl-4-chlorophenyl carbamate (LQM 996) and propoxur on Eisenia foetida adults was evaluated to estimate their ecotoxic potential. The earthworm mortality and weight loss produced by the three evaluated carbamates showed a concentration-dependent effect (p < 0.0001) in the contact filter paper test (CFPT). In the artificial soil test (AST), mortality increased in relation to the exposure time (p < 0.0001) and the concentration (p < 0.01) of the carbamates. Only the earthworms exposed in the CFPT showed morphological alterations. According to the LC50 obtained in the CFPT, the three carbamates were classified as very toxic and, according to the LC50 obtained in the AST, the three carbamates were classified as highly toxic for E. foetida. The values of ki and kd indicated that LQM 919 and LQM 996 are weak inhibitors with lower affinity for the acetylcholinesterase of E. foetida than that of propoxur. The concentrations in the CFPT and AST at which 100% mortality was observed in E. foetida were 64- and 4-fold higher, respectively, than the egg hatching inhibitory concentration 99% reported for ticks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L Iturbe-Requena
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias de la Producción y de la Salud Animal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - María G Prado-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Marco A Muñoz-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Ana M Velázquez-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Enrique Ángeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Fernando Alba-Hurtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dhouib I, Jallouli M, Annabi A, Marzouki S, Gharbi N, Elfazaa S, Lasram MM. From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9448-9458. [PMID: 26988364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The immune system can be the target of many chemicals, with potentially severe adverse effects on the host's health. In the literature, carbamate (CM) pesticides have been implicated in the increasing prevalence of diseases associated with alterations of the immune response, such as hypersensitivity reactions, some autoimmune diseases and cancers. CMs may initiate, facilitate, or exacerbate pathological immune processes, resulting in immunotoxicity by induction of mutations in genes coding for immunoregulatory factors and modifying immune tolerance. In the present study, direct immunotoxicity, endocrine disruption and inhibition of esterases activities have been introduced as the main mechanisms of CMs-induced immune dysregulation. Moreover, the evidence on the relationship between CM pesticide exposure, dysregulation of the immune system and predisposition to different types of cancers, allergies, autoimmune and infectious diseases is criticized. In addition, in this review, we will discuss the relationship between immunotoxicity and cancer, and the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Dhouib
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie.
- Ecole Supérieure Privée des Ingénieurs et des Etudes Technologiques, Université Arabe des Sciences, Tunis, Tunisie.
| | - Manel Jallouli
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Alya Annabi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Soumaya Marzouki
- Laboratoire d'immunologie clinique, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Saloua Elfazaa
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Montassar Lasram
- Unité de physiologie des agressions: études métaboliques et endocriniens, Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Université El-Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|