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Oldani M, Cantone MC, Gaudenzi G, Carra S, Dicitore A, Saronni D, Borghi MO, Lombardi A, Caraglia M, Persani L, Vitale G. Exploring the multifaceted antitumor activity of axitinib in lung carcinoids. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1433707. [PMID: 39050569 PMCID: PMC11266055 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1433707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lung carcinoids (LCs) are a type of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) that originate in the bronchopulmonary tract. LCs account for 20-25% of all NETs and approximately 1-2% of lung cancers. Given the highly vascularized nature of NETs and their tendency to overexpress vascular growth factor receptors (VEGFR), inhibiting angiogenesis appears as a potential therapeutic target in slowing down tumor growth and spread. This study evaluated the long-term antitumor activity and related mechanisms of axitinib (AXI), a VEGFR-targeting drug, in LC cell lines. Methods Three LC cell lines (NCI-H727, UMC-11 and NCI-H835) were incubated with their respective EC50 AXI concentrations for 6 days. At the end of the incubation, FACS experiments and Western blot analyses were performed to examine changes in the cell cycle and the activation of apoptosis. Microscopy analyses were added to describe the mechanisms of senescence and mitotic catastrophe when present. Results The primary effect of AXI on LC cell lines is to arrest tumor growth through an indirect DNA damage. Notably, AXI triggers this response in diverse manners among the cell lines, such as inducing senescence or mitotic catastrophe. The drug seems to lose its efficacy when the DNA damage is mitigated, as observed in NCI-H835 cells. Conclusion The ability of AXI to affect cell viability and proliferation in LC tumor cells highlights its potential as a therapeutic agent. The role of DNA damage and the consequent activation of senescence seem to be a prerequisite for AXI to exert its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Oldani
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Celeste Cantone
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Carra
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dicitore
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Saronni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- PhD Program in Experimental Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-Rheumatology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular and Precision Oncology, Biogem Scarl, Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Luca Persani
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Laboratory of Geriatric and Oncologic Neuroendocrinology Research, IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Rachamala HK, Madamsetty VS, Angom RS, Nakka NM, Dutta SK, Wang E, Mukhopadhyay D, Pal K. Targeting mTOR and survivin concurrently potentiates radiation therapy in renal cell carcinoma by suppressing DNA damage repair and amplifying mitotic catastrophe. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:159. [PMID: 38840237 PMCID: PMC11155143 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was historically considered to be less responsive to radiation therapy (RT) compared to other cancer indications. However, advancements in precision high-dose radiation delivery through single-fraction and multi-fraction stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) have led to better outcomes and reduced treatment-related toxicities, sparking renewed interest in using RT to treat RCC. Moreover, numerous studies have revealed that certain therapeutic agents including chemotherapies can increase the sensitivity of tumors to RT, leading to a growing interest in combining these treatments. Here, we developed a rational combination of two radiosensitizers in a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation for augmenting RT in RCC. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation combining the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (E) with the survivin inhibitor YM155 (Y) in enhancing the sensitivity of RCC tumors to radiation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We slightly modified our previously published tumor-targeted liposomal formulation to develop a rational combination of E and Y in a single liposomal formulation (EY-L) and assessed its efficacy in RCC cell lines in vitro and in RCC tumors in vivo. We further investigated how well EY-L sensitizes RCC cell lines and tumors toward radiation and explored the underlying mechanism of radiosensitization. RESULTS EY-L outperformed the corresponding single drug-loaded formulations E-L and Y-L in terms of containing primary tumor growth and improving survival in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model of RCC. EY-L also exhibited significantly higher sensitization of RCC cells towards radiation in vitro than E-L and Y-L. Additionally, EY-L sensitized RCC tumors towards radiation therapy in xenograft and murine RCC models. EY-L mediated induction of mitotic catastrophe via downregulation of multiple cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair pathways could be responsible for the augmentation of radiation therapy. CONCLUSION Taken together, our study demonstrated the efficacy of a strategic combination therapy in sensitizing RCC to radiation therapy via inhibition of DNA damage repair and a substantial increase in mitotic catastrophe. This combination therapy may find its use in the augmentation of radiation therapy during the treatment of RCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Rachamala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Vijay S Madamsetty
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- PolyARNA Therapeutics, One Kendal Square, Cambridge, MA, 01329, USA
| | - Ramcharan S Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Naga M Nakka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Shamit Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
| | - Krishnendu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Road S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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Chen Y, Li X, Yang M, Liu SB. Research progress on morphology and mechanism of programmed cell death. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:327. [PMID: 38729953 PMCID: PMC11087523 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a basic process of life that is closely related to the growth, development, aging and disease of organisms and is one of the hotspots of life science research today. PCD is a kind of genetic control, autonomous and orderly important cell death that involves the activation, expression, and regulation of a series of genes. In recent years, with the deepening of research in this field, new mechanisms of multiple PCD pathways have been revealed. This article reviews and summarizes the multiple PCD pathways that have been discovered, analyses and compares the morphological characteristics and biomarkers of different types of PCD, and briefly discusses the role of various types of PCD in the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases, especially malignant tumors.
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Grants
- Jiangsu higher education institution innovative research team for science and technology (2021), Program of Jiangsu vocational college engineering technology research center (2023), Key technology progrom of Suzhou people’s livelihood technology projects (Grant No. SKY2021029), the Open Project of Jiangsu Biobank of Clinical Resources (TC2021B009), the Project of State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, (No. GZK12023013), Programs of the Suzhou Vocational Health College (SZWZYTD202201), Qing‐Lan Project of Jiangsu Province in China (2021).
- Programs of the Suzhou Vocational Health College (szwzy 202210), Qing‐Lan Project of Jiangsu Province in China (2022).
- the Project of State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, (No. GZK12023013)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Wuzhong People's Hospital of Suzhou City, Suzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Yang
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Song-Bai Liu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Biotechnology, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Nunes M, Bartosch C, Abreu MH, Richardson A, Almeida R, Ricardo S. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms behind Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer to Unlock Efficient Treatment Options. Cells 2024; 13:786. [PMID: 38727322 PMCID: PMC11083313 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal form of gynecological cancer. This disease often goes undetected until advanced stages, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Unfortunately, many patients experience relapse and succumb to the disease due to the emergence of drug resistance that significantly limits the effectiveness of currently available oncological treatments. Here, we discuss the molecular mechanisms responsible for resistance to carboplatin, paclitaxel, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors, and bevacizumab in ovarian cancer. We present a detailed analysis of the most extensively investigated resistance mechanisms, including drug inactivation, drug target alterations, enhanced drug efflux pumps, increased DNA damage repair capacity, and reduced drug absorption/accumulation. The in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with drug resistance is crucial to unveil new biomarkers capable of predicting and monitoring the kinetics during disease progression and discovering new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Nunes
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Bartosch
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Cancer Biology & Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (CI-IPO-Porto), Health Research Network (RISE@CI-IPO-Porto), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Henriques Abreu
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center Raquel Seruca (PCCC), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.B.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alan Richardson
- The School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Guy Hilton Research Centre, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 7QB, Staffordshire, UK;
| | - Raquel Almeida
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Sara Ricardo
- Differentiation and Cancer Group, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.N.); (R.A.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University Institute of Health Sciences—CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Toxicologic Pathology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Health Sciences (1H-TOXRUN, IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
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Li H, Tang X, Sun Z, Qu Z, Zou X. Integrating bioinformatics and experimental models to investigate the mechanism of the chelidonine-induced mitotic catastrophe via the AKT/FOXO3/FOXM1 axis in breast cancer cells. BIOMOLECULES & BIOMEDICINE 2024; 24:560-574. [PMID: 37976368 PMCID: PMC11088894 DOI: 10.17305/bb.2023.9665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is currently the most frequent and lethal cancer among women, and therefore, identification of novel biomarkers and potential anticancer agents for BC is crucial. Chelidonine is one of the main active ingredients of Chelidonium majus, which has been applied in Chinese medicine prescriptions to treat cancer. This paper aimed to evaluate the ability of chelidonine to trigger mitotic catastrophe in BC cells and to clarify its mechanism through the AKT/FOXO3/FOXM1 pathway. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) was downregulated in different subtypes of BC. Factors such as age, stage, Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade, diverse BC subclasses, and triple-negative status were inversely correlated to FOXO3 levels in BC patients compared with healthy controls. Notably, patients exhibiting higher FOXO3 expression levels demonstrated better overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). Moreover, FOXM1 levels were negatively correlated with both OS and RFS in BC patients. These results revealed that FOXO3 might be considered a predictive biomarker for the prognosis of BC. By utilizing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), we delved into the main Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathways of FOXO3, and the results suggested that FOXO3 was mainly involved in cancer-related pathways and the cell cycle. Thereafter, MTT and flow cytometry (FCM) analysis indicated that chelidonine inhibited BC cell line proliferation and induced M phase arrest. It was found that chelidonine treatment induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis, significantly reduced the expression of survivin and promoted the expression of p53 and caspase-9. Further morphological observation illustrated depolymerization of the actin skeleton and shortening of actin filaments in BC cells, leading to the typical characteristics of mitotic catastrophe, such as abnormal mitosis and multinucleated cells. Western blot analysis demonstrated that chelidonine inhibited the expression of p-AKT to promote the expression of FOXO3 protein and weaken the expression levels of FOXM1 and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Taken together, our present work proved that FOXO3 might be considered a potential therapeutic target for BC. Chelidonine emerges as a promising agent to treat BC by inducing M phase arrest of BC cells and hindering the AKT/FOXO3/FOXM1 axis, thereby inducing mitotic catastrophe in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiyu Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Zhongyuan Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Zou
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Lozon L, Ramadan WS, Kawaf RR, Al-Shihabi AM, El-Awady R. Decoding cell death signalling: Impact on the response of breast cancer cells to approved therapies. Life Sci 2024; 342:122525. [PMID: 38423171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a principal cause of cancer-related mortality in female worldwide. While many approved therapies have shown promising outcomes in treating breast cancer, understanding the intricate signalling pathways controlling cell death is crucial for optimizing the treatment outcome. A growing body of evidence has unveiled the aberrations in multiple cell death pathways across diverse cancer types, highlighting these pathways as appealing targets for therapeutic interventions. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the cell death signalling mechanisms with a particular focus on their impact on the response of breast cancer cells to approved therapies. Additionally, we discuss the potentials of combination therapies that exploit the synergy between approved drugs and therapeutic agents targeting modulators of cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lama Lozon
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Wafaa S Ramadan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rawan R Kawaf
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Aya M Al-Shihabi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Raafat El-Awady
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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7
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Herriage HC, Huang YT, Calvi BR. The antagonistic relationship between apoptosis and polyploidy in development and cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:35-43. [PMID: 37331841 PMCID: PMC10724375 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the important functions of regulated cell death is to prevent cells from inappropriately acquiring extra copies of their genome, a state known as polyploidy. Apoptosis is the primary cell death mechanism that prevents polyploidy, and defects in this apoptotic response can result in polyploid cells whose subsequent error-prone chromosome segregation are a major contributor to genome instability and cancer progression. Conversely, some cells actively repress apoptosis to become polyploid as part of normal development or regeneration. Thus, although apoptosis prevents polyploidy, the polyploid state can actively repress apoptosis. In this review, we discuss progress in understanding the antagonistic relationship between apoptosis and polyploidy in development and cancer. Despite recent advances, a key conclusion is that much remains unknown about the mechanisms that link apoptosis to polyploid cell cycles. We suggest that drawing parallels between the regulation of apoptosis in development and cancer could help to fill this knowledge gap and lead to more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter C Herriage
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Brian R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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Jing Y, Luo Y, Li L, Liu M, Liu JX. Deficiency of copper responsive gene stmn4 induces retinal developmental defects. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:2. [PMID: 38252267 PMCID: PMC10803583 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As part of the central nervous system (CNS), the retina senses light and also conducts and processes visual impulses. The damaged development of the retina not only causes visual damage, but also leads to epilepsy, dementia and other brain diseases. Recently, we have reported that copper (Cu) overload induces retinal developmental defects and down-regulates microtubule (MT) genes during zebrafish embryogenesis, but whether the down-regulation of microtubule genes mediates Cu stress induced retinal developmental defects is still unknown. In this study, we found that microtubule gene stmn4 exhibited obviously reduced expression in the retina of Cu overload embryos. Furthermore, stmn4 deficiency (stmn4-/-) resulted in retinal defects similar to those seen in Cu overload embryos, while overexpression of stmn4 effectively rescued retinal defects and cell apoptosis occurred in the Cu overload embryos and larvae. Meanwhile, stmn4 deficient embryos and larvae exhibited reduced mature retinal cells, the down-regulated expression of microtubules and cell cycle-related genes, and the mitotic cell cycle arrests of the retinal cells, which subsequently tended to apoptosis independent on p53. The results of this study demonstrate that Cu stress might lead to retinal developmental defects via down-regulating expression of microtubule gene stmn4, and stmn4 deficiency leads to impaired cell cycle and the accumulation of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and their subsequent apoptosis. The study provides a certain referee for copper overload in regulating the retinal development in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuanYuan Jing
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yi Luo
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - LingYa Li
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Rong S, He S, Hua L, Wang X, Chen H. Developing a prognosis and chemotherapy evaluating model for colon adenocarcinoma based on mitotic catastrophe-related genes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1655. [PMID: 38238555 PMCID: PMC10796338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a novel form of cell death that plays an important role in the treatment and drug resistance of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). However, MC related genes in COAD treatment and prognosis evaluation are rarely studied. In this study, the transcriptome data, somatic mutation and copy number variation data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The mitotic catastrophe related genes (MCRGs) were obtained from GENCARDS website. Differential gene analysis was conducted with LIMMA package. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic related genes. Mutation analysis was performed and displayed by maftools package. RCircos package was used for localizing the position of genes on chromosomes. "Glmnet" R package was applied for constructing a risk model via the LASSO regression method. Consensus clustering analyses was implemented for clustering different subtypes. Functional enrichment analysis through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) methods, immune infiltration analysis via single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), tumor mutation burden and drug sensitivity analysis by pRRophetic R package were also carried out for risk model or molecular subtype's assessment. Additionally, the connections between the expression of hub genes and overall survival (OS) were obtained from online Human Protein Atlas (HPA) website. Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT‑qPCR) further validated the expression of hub genes. A total of 207 differentially expressed MCRGs were selected in the TCGA cohort, 23 of which were significantly associated with OS in COAD patients. Subsequently, we constructed risk score prognostic models with 5 hub MCRGs, including SYCE2, SERPINE1, TRIP6, LIMK1, and EEPD1. The high-risk patients suffered from poorer prognosis. Furthermore, we developed a nomogram that gathered age, sex, staging, and risk score to accurately forecast the clinical survival outcomes in 1, 3, and 5 years. The results of functional enrichment suggested a significant correlation between MCRGs characteristics and cancer progression, with important implications for the immune microenvironment. Moreover, patients who displayed high TMB and high risk score showed worse prognosis, and risk characteristics were associated with different chemotherapeutic agents. Finally, RT‑qPCR verified the increased expression of the five MCRGs in clinical samples. The five MCRGs in the prognostic signature were associated with prognosis, and could be treated as reliable prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for COAD patients with distinct clinicopathological characteristics, thereby providing a foundation for the precise application of pertinent drugs in COAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglei Liu
- Nantong Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yamin Zhao
- Nantong Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Siming Zhang
- Nantong Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shen Rong
- Nantong Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Songnian He
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Liqi Hua
- Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong First People's Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Xingdan Wang
- Nantong Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Hongjian Chen
- Nantong Tumor Hospital and Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Rachamala HK, Madamsetty VS, Angom RS, Nakka NM, Kumar Dutta S, Wang E, Mukhopadhyay D, Pal K. Targeting mTOR and Survivin Concurrently Potentiates Radiation Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing DNA Damage Repair and Amplifying Mitotic Catastrophe. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3770403. [PMID: 38196607 PMCID: PMC10775360 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3770403/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was historically considered to be less responsive to radiation therapy (RT) compared to other cancer indications. However, advancements in precision high-dose radiation delivery through single-fraction and multi-fraction stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) have led to better outcomes and reduced treatment-related toxicities, sparking renewed interest in using RT to treat RCC. Moreover, numerous studies have revealed that certain therapeutic agents including chemotherapies can increase the sensitivity of tumors to RT, leading to a growing interest in combining these treatments. Here, we developed a rational combination of two radiosensitizers in a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation for augmenting RT in RCC. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of a tumor-targeted liposomal formulation combining the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (E) with the survivin inhibitor YM155 (Y) in enhancing the sensitivity of RCC tumors to radiation. Experimental Design We slightly modified our previously published tumor-targeted liposomal formulation to develop a rational combination of E and Y in a single liposomal formulation (EY-L) and assessed its efficacy in RCC cell lines in vitro and in RCC tumors in vivo. We further investigated how well EY-L sensitizes RCC cell lines and tumors toward radiation and explored the underlying mechanism of radiosensitization. Results EY-L outperformed the corresponding single drug-loaded formulations E-L and Y-L in terms of containing primary tumor growth and improving survival in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model of RCC. EY-L also exhibited significantly higher sensitization of RCC cells towards radiation in vitro than E-L and Y-L. Additionally, EY-L sensitized RCC tumors towards radiation therapy in xenograft and murine RCC models. EY-L mediated induction of mitotic catastrophe via downregulation of multiple cell cycle checkpoints and DNA damage repair pathways could be responsible for the augmentation of radiation therapy. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated the efficacy of a strategic combination therapy in sensitizing RCC to radiation therapy via inhibition of DNA damage repair and a substantial increase in mitotic catastrophe. This combination therapy may find its use in the augmentation of radiation therapy during the treatment of RCC patients.
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Park SE, Chung KS, Heo SW, Kim SY, Lee JH, Hassan AHE, Lee YS, Lee JY, Lee KT. Therapeutic role of 2-stearoxyphenethyl phosphocholine targeting microtubule dynamics and Wnt/β-catenin/EMT signaling in human colorectal cancer cells. Life Sci 2023; 334:122227. [PMID: 37926298 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of cell death, perturbation of microtubule dynamics, and acceleration of Wnt/β-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling are fundamental processes in the progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). To explore the role of 2-stearoxyphenethyl phosphocholine (stPEPC), an alkylphospholipid-based compound, in CRC, we conducted an MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, Annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, small interfering RNA gene silencing, a wound-healing assay, an invasion assay, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay in the human CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116. stPEPC showed anti-proliferative properties and mitotic cell accumulation via upregulated phosphorylation of BUBR1 and an association between mitotic arrest deficiency 2 (MAD2) and cell division cycle protein 20 homolog (CDC20). These results suggest that activation of the mitotic checkpoint complex and tubulin polymerization occurred, resulting in mitotic catastrophe in HT29 and HCT116 cells. In addition, stPEPC attenuated cell migration and invasion by regulating proteins mediated by EMT, such as E-cadherin and occludin. stPEPC altered the protein expression of Wnt3a and phosphorylation of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and β-catenin as well as their target genes, including cMyc and cyclin D1, in CRC cells. Thus, stPEPC may be useful for developing new drugs to treat human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Park
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - So-Won Heo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Su Y, Lin H, Yu J, Mao L, Jin W, Liu T, Jiang S, Wu Y, Zhang S, Geng Q, Ge C, Zhao F, Chen T, Cui Y, Li J, Hou H, Zhou X, Li H. RIT1 regulates mitosis and promotes proliferation by interacting with SMC3 and PDS5 in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:326. [PMID: 38017479 PMCID: PMC10685607 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a small G protein of Ras family, Ras-like-without-CAAX-1 (RIT1) plays a critical role in various tumors. Our previous study has demonstrated the involvement of RIT1 in promoting malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted in the TCGA LIHC cohort to investigate the underlying biological mechanism of RIT1. Live cell imaging, immunofluorescence (IF) and flow cytometry assays were used to verify biological function of RIT1 in HCC mitosis. Subcutaneous xenografting of human HCC cells in BALB/c nude mice was utilized to assess tumor proliferation in vivo. RNA-seq, co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), mass spectrometry analyses, western blot and IF assays were employed to elucidate the mechanisms by which RIT1 regulates mitosis and promotes proliferation in HCC. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate that RIT1 plays a crucial role in regulating mitosis in HCC. Knockdown of RIT1 disrupts cell division, leading to G2/M phase arrest, mitotic catastrophe, and apoptosis in HCC cells. SMC3 is found to interact with RIT1 and knockdown of SMC3 attenuates the proliferative effects mediated by RIT1 both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RIT1 protects and maintains SMC3 acetylation by binding to SMC3 and PDS5 during mitosis, thereby promoting rapid cell division and proliferation in HCC. Notably, we have observed an upregulation of SMC3 expression in HCC tissues, which is associated with poor patient survival and promotion of HCC cell proliferation. Furthermore, there is a significant positive correlation between the expression levels of RIT1, SMC3, and PDS5. Importantly, HCC patients with high expression of both RIT1 and SMC3 exhibit worse prognosis compared to those with high RIT1 but low SMC3 expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the crucial role of RIT1 in regulating mitosis in HCC and further demonstrate its potential as a promising therapeutic target for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junming Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenjiao Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Tengfei Liu
- Department of Oncology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shuqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Saihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Taoyang Chen
- Qidong Liver Cancer Institute, Qidong, 226200, China
| | - Ying Cui
- Cancer Institute of Guangxi, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jinjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Helei Hou
- Precision Medicine Center of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Boulos JC, Omer EA, Rigano D, Formisano C, Chatterjee M, Leich E, Klauck SM, Shan LT, Efferth T. Cynaropicrin disrupts tubulin and c-Myc-related signaling and induces parthanatos-type cell death in multiple myeloma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:2265-2281. [PMID: 37344563 PMCID: PMC10618500 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of blood malignancies is incurable and has unforeseeable remitting-relapsing paths in response to different treatments. Cynaropicrin, a natural sesquiterpene lactone from the edible parts of the artichoke plant, has gained increased attention as a chemotherapeutic agent. In this study, we investigated the effects of cynaropicrin against multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and assessed its in vivo effectiveness in a xenograft tumor zebrafish model. We showed that cynaropicrin exerted potent cytotoxicity against a panel of nine MM cell lines and two leukemia cell lines with AMO1 being the most sensitive cell line (IC50 = 1.8 ± 0.3 µM). Cynaropicrin (0.8, 1.9, 3.6 µM) dose-dependently reduced c-Myc expression and transcriptional activity in AMO1 cells that was associated with significant downregulation of STAT3, AKT, and ERK1/2. Cell cycle analysis showed that cynaropicrin treatment arrested AMO1 cells in the G2M phase along with an increase in the sub-G0G1 phase after 24 h. With prolonged treatment times, cells accumulated more in the sub-G0G1 phase, implying cell death. Using confocal microscopy, we revealed that cynaropicrin disrupted the microtubule network in U2OS cells stably expressing α-tubulin-GFP. Furthermore, we revealed that cynaropicrin promoted DNA damage in AMO1 cells leading to PAR polymer production by PARP1 hyperactivation, resulting in AIF translocation from the mitochondria to the nucleus and subsequently to a novel form of cell death, parthanatos. Finally, we demonstrated that cynaropicrin (5, 10 µM) significantly reduced tumor growth in a T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) xenograft zebrafish model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that cynaropicrin causes potent inhibition of hematopoietic tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ejlal A Omer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen Formisano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Manik Chatterjee
- University Hospital Würzburg, Translational Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ellen Leich
- Julius Maximilian University, Institute of Pathology, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Translational Oncology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabine M Klauck
- Division of Cancer Genome Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Le-Tian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Redouane S, Charoute H, Harmak H, Malki A, Barakat A, Rouba H. Computational study of the potential impact of AURKC missense SNPs on AURKC-INCENP interaction and their correlation to macrozoospermia. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:9503-9522. [PMID: 36326488 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2142846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aurora Kinase C (AURKC) is considered an important element in Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC), its interaction with Inner Centromere Protein (INCENP) plays a critical role in the establishment and the recruitment of a stable CPC during spermatogenesis. Genetic variations of AURKC gene are susceptible to impact AURKC-INCENP interaction, which may affect CPC stability and predispose male subjects to macrozoospermia. In this study, we systematically applied computational approaches using different bioinformatic tools to predict the effect of missense SNPs reported on AURKC gene, we selected the deleterious ones and we introduced their corresponding amino acid substitutions on AURKC protein structure. Then we did a protein-protein docking between AURKC variants and INCENP followed by a structural assessment of each resulting complex using PRODIGY server, Yassara view, Ligplot + and we choose the complexes of the most impactful variants for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study. Seventeen missense SNPs of AURKC were identified as deleterious between all reported ones. All of them were located on relatively conserved positions on AURKC protein according to Consurf server. Only the four missense SNPs; E91K, D166V, D221Y and G235V were ranked as the most impactful ones and were chosen for MD simulation. D221Y and G235V were responsible for the most remarkable changes on AURKC-INCENP structural stability, therefore, they were selected as the most deleterious ones. Experimental studies are recommended to test the actual effect of these two variants and their actual impact on the morphology of sperm cells.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salaheddine Redouane
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hicham Charoute
- Research Unit of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Houda Harmak
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abderrahim Malki
- Laboratory of Physiopathology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Barakat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hassan Rouba
- Laboratory of Genomics and Human Genetics, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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15
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Kouba S, Buscaglia P, Guéguinou M, Ibrahim S, Félix R, Guibon R, Fromont G, Pigat N, Capiod T, Vandier C, Mignen O, Potier-Cartereau M. Pivotal role of the ORAI3-STIM2 complex in the control of mitotic death and prostate cancer cell cycle progression. Cell Calcium 2023; 115:102794. [PMID: 37597301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) represents one of the most frequent diagnosed cancer in males worldwide. Due to routine screening tests and the efficiency of available treatments, PCa-related deaths have significantly decreased over the past decades. However, PCa remains a critical threat if detected at a late stage in which, cancer cells would have already detached from the primary tumor to spread and invade other parts of the body. Calcium (Ca2+) channels and their protein regulators are now considered as hallmarks of cancer and some of them have been well examined in PCa. Among these Ca2+ channels, isoform 3 of the ORAI channel family has been shown to regulate the proliferation of PCa cells via the Arachidonic Acid-mediated Ca2+ entry, requiring the involvement of STIM1 (Stromal Interaction Molecule 1). Still, no study has yet demonstrated a role of the "neglected" STIM2 isoform in PCa or if it may interact with ORAI3 to promote an oncogenic behavior. In this study, we demonstrate that ORAI3 and STIM2 are upregulated in human PCa tissues. In old KIMAP (Knock-In Mouse Prostate Adenocarcinoma) mice, ORAI3 and STIM2 mRNA levels were significantly higher than ORAI1 and STIM1. In vitro, we show that ORAI3-STIM2 interact under basal conditions in PC-3 cells. ORAI3 silencing increased Store Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE) and induced a significant increase of the cell population in G2/M phase of the cell cycle, consistent with the role of ORAI3 as a negative regulator of SOCE. Higher expression levels of CDK1-Y15/Cyclin B1 were detected and mitotic arrest-related death occurred after ORAI3 silencing, which resulted in activating Bax/Bcl-2-mediated apoptotic pathway and caspase-8 activation and cleavage. STIM2 and ORAI3 expression increased in M phase while STIM1 expression and SOCE amplitude significantly decreased. Taken together, ORAI3 -STIM2 complex allows a successful progression through mitosis of PCa cells by evading mitotic catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Paul Buscaglia
- INSERM U1227, LBAI: Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunotherapies, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Maxime Guéguinou
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sajida Ibrahim
- EA 7501, University of Tours - ERL 7001 LNOx - CNRS, GICC: Groupe Innovation et Ciblage Cellulaire, Tours, France
| | - Romain Félix
- INSERM U1227, LBAI: Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunotherapies, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Roseline Guibon
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France; Service d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Gaëlle Fromont
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France; Service d'Anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Natascha Pigat
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Universiy of Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, Paris 75015 France
| | - Thierry Capiod
- INSERM U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Universiy of Paris, 160 rue de Vaugirard, Paris 75015 France
| | - Christophe Vandier
- INSERM U1069, N2C: Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Olivier Mignen
- INSERM U1227, LBAI: Lymphocytes B, Autoimmunité et Immunotherapies, University of Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France.
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Perrotta I. Seeing beyond apoptosis: ultrastructural aspects of necrosis in human atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 66:107560. [PMID: 37453592 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an explosive growth of research to decipher the pathobiologic relevance of cell death in the development and progression of various cardiovascular disorders such as arterial remodeling and atherosclerosis. High rates of cell death have been reported in animal models, particularly following balloon catheter injury. Also, in humans there is considerable evidence indicating a close connection between cell death and atherosclerosis. In this regard, diverse biochemical and molecular analysis have suggested that intraplaque cells preferentially die by apoptosis, a mode of cell death considered to be active, highly regulated and programmed. In contrast to apoptosis, necrosis has been classically defined as an uncontrolled form of cell death that can occur in response to chemical or physical insults such as trauma, infection, toxins, or lack of blood supply. Necrosis has long been known to be present within atherosclerotic plaques but to date it is still less well understood and characterized than apoptosis. In addition, although electron microscopy (EM) remains essential in cell death research, only a very small proportion of studies deal with the ultrastructural aspects of cell death and/or include EM images to support their findings. As a consequence, many features of cell death modes in human atherosclerosis have not yet been thoroughly investigated and defined. The present study was undertaken to provide an ultrastructural description of the route/s by which intraplaque cells can die also suggesting novel insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy.
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Xiao L, Pang J, Qin H, Dou L, Yang M, Wang J, Zhou X, Li Y, Duan J, Sun Z. Amorphous silica nanoparticles cause abnormal cytokinesis and multinucleation through dysfunction of the centralspindlin complex and microfilaments. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:34. [PMID: 37608338 PMCID: PMC10464468 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00544-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the large-scale production and application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs), its adverse health effects are more worthy of our attention. Our previous research has demonstrated for the first time that aSiNPs induced cytokinesis failure, which resulted in abnormally high incidences of multinucleation in vitro, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was firstly to explore whether aSiNPs induced multinucleation in vivo, and secondly to investigate the underlying mechanism of how aSiNPs caused abnormal cytokinesis and multinucleation. METHODS Male ICR mice with intratracheal instillation of aSiNPs were used as an experimental model in vivo. Human hepatic cell line (L-02) was introduced for further mechanism study in vitro. RESULTS In vivo, histopathological results showed that the rate of multinucleation was significantly increased in the liver and lung tissue after aSiNPs treatment. In vitro, immunofluorescence results manifested that aSiNPs directly caused microfilaments aggregation. Following mechanism studies indicated that aSiNPs increased ROS levels. The accumulation of ROS further inhibited the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway, leading to a decrease in the expression of centralspindlin subunits MKLP1 and CYK4 as well as downstream cytokines regulation related proteins Ect2, Cep55, CHMP2A and RhoA. Meanwhile, the particles caused abnormal co-localization of the key mitotic regulatory kinase Aurora B and the centralspindlin complex by inhibiting the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway. PI3K activator IGF increased the phosphorylation level of Aurora B and improved the relative ratio of the centralspindlin cluster. And ROS inhibitors NAC reduced the ratio of multinucleation, alleviated the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway inhibition, and then increased the expression of MKLP1, CYK4 and cytokinesis-related proteins, whilst NAC restored the clustering of the centralspindlin. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that aSiNPs led to multinucleation formation both in vivo and in vitro. ASiNPs exposure caused microfilaments aggregation and inhibited the PI3k 110β/Aurora B pathway through excessive ROS, which then hindered the centralspindlin cluster as well as restrained the expression of centralspindlin subunits and cytokinesis-related proteins, which ultimately resulted in cytokinesis failure and the formation of multinucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Jinyan Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Liyang Dou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Medical Health Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Man Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, P.R. China
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Boulos JC, Chatterjee M, Shan L, Efferth T. In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Investigations on Adapalene as Repurposed Third Generation Retinoid against Multiple Myeloma and Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4136. [PMID: 37627164 PMCID: PMC10452460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of hematopoietic cancers in adults are incurable and exhibit unpredictable remitting-relapsing patterns in response to various therapies. The proto-oncogene c-MYC has been associated with tumorigenesis, especially in hematological neoplasms. Therefore, targeting c-MYC is crucial to find effective, novel treatments for blood malignancies. To date, there are no clinically approved c-MYC inhibitors. In this study, we virtually screened 1578 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs from the ZINC15 database against c-MYC. The top 117 compounds from PyRx-based screening with the best binding affinities to c-MYC were subjected to molecular docking studies with AutoDock 4.2.6. Retinoids consist of synthetic and natural vitamin A derivatives. All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) were highly effective in hematological malignancies. In this study, adapalene, a third-generation retinoid usually used to treat acne vulgaris, was selected as a potent c-MYC inhibitor as it robustly bound to c-MYC with a lowest binding energy (LBE) of -7.27 kcal/mol, a predicted inhibition constant (pKi) of 4.69 µM, and a dissociation constant (Kd value) of 3.05 µM. Thus, we examined its impact on multiple myeloma (MM) cells in vitro and evaluated its efficiency in vivo using a xenograft tumor zebrafish model. We demonstrated that adapalene exerted substantial cytotoxicity against a panel of nine MM and two leukemic cell lines, with AMO1 cells being the most susceptible one (IC50 = 1.76 ± 0.39 µM) and, hence, the focus of this work. Adapalene (0.5 × IC50, 1 × IC50, 2 × IC50) decreased c-MYC expression and transcriptional activity in AMO1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. An examination of the cell cycle revealed that adapalene halted the cells in the G2/M phase and increased the portion of cells in the sub-G0/G1 phase after 48 and 72 h, indicating that cells failed to initiate mitosis, and consequently, cell death was triggered. Adapalene also increased the number of p-H3(Ser10) positive AMO1 cells, which is a further proof of its ability to prevent mitotic exit. Confocal imaging demonstrated that adapalene destroyed the tubulin network of U2OS cells stably transfected with a cDNA coding for α-tubulin-GFP, refraining the migration of malignant cells. Furthermore, adapalene induced DNA damage in AMO1 cells. It also induced apoptosis and autophagy, as demonstrated by flow cytometry and western blotting. Finally, adapalene impeded tumor growth in a xenograft tumor zebrafish model. In summary, the discovery of the vitamin A derivative adapalene as a c-MYC inhibitor reveals its potential as an avant-garde treatment for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle C. Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Manik Chatterjee
- Translational Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany;
| | - Letian Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
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Ruifang D, Changqing Y, Chenxia R, Ji L, Zibai W. Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase suppresses human esophageal cancer cell growth by inducing mitotic catastrophe through the P27/cyclin A/CDK2 signaling pathway. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152066. [PMID: 37348327 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is a global dead malignancy with poor prognosis. However, its underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Phospholysine phosphohistidine inorganic pyrophosphate phosphatase (LHPP) has been reported as a tumor suppressor in multisystem cancer but its function in ESCA has not been reported. We analyzed LHPP expression between normal and tumor tissues of ESCA patients and performed LHPP overexpression on the ESCA cells KYSE-150 (K150). We did not observe significant differences in the expression level of LHPP between ESCA and normal tissue, and noticed that LHPP expression was not related to ESCA patient survival rate. However, increased expression of LHPP in K150 cells induced mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle, and simultaneously increased cell apoptosis. Besides, we found that K150 cells underwent mitotic catastrophe after overexpressing LHPP, which may be regulated through the P27/cyclin A/cdk2 signaling pathway. Although the expression of LHPP may not be related to the progression and prognosis of ESCA, mitotic catastrophe, a new mechanism of tumor suppressor function of LHPP was found after overexpressing LHPP in ESCA cells. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duan Ruifang
- College Central Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Changqing
- Department of Gastroenterology, He Ping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ren Chenxia
- College Central Laboratory, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, He Ping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
| | - Wei Zibai
- Department of Gastroenterology, He Ping Hospital affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China
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20
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Kaźmierczak A, Tarkowská D, Plačková L, Doniak M, Doležal K. Hormonal crosstalk controls cell death induced by kinetin in roots of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedlings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11661. [PMID: 37468550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of vitality/mortality of cortex cells, as well as of the concentrations of ethylene (ETH), gibberellins (GAs), indolic compounds/auxins (ICs/AUXs) and cytokinins (CKs), were undertaken to explain the hormonal background of kinetin (Kin)-regulated cell death (RCD), which is induced in the cortex of the apical parts of roots of faba bean (Vicia faba ssp. minor) seedlings. Quantification was carried out with fluorescence microscopy, ETH sensors, spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS). The results indicated that Kin was metabolized to the transport form, i.e., kinetin-9-glucoside (Kin9G) and kinetin riboside (KinR). KinR was then converted to cis-zeatin (cZ) in apical parts of roots with meristems, to cis-zeatin riboside (cZR) in apical parts of roots without meristems and finally to cis-zeatin riboside 5'-monophosphate (cZR5'MP), which is indicated to be a ligand of cytokinin-dependent receptors inducing CD. The process may be enhanced by an increase in the amount of dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) as a byproduct of the pathway of zeatin metabolism. It seems that crosstalk of ETH, ICs/AUXs, GAs and CKs with the cZR5'MP, the cis-zeatin-dependent pathway, but not the trans-zeatin-dependent pathway, is responsible for Kin-RCD, indicating that the process is very specific and offers a useful model for studies of CD hallmarks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Center of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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21
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Piemonte KM, Webb BM, Bobbitt JR, Majmudar PR, Cuellar-Vite L, Bryson BL, Latina NC, Seachrist DD, Keri RA. Disruption of CDK7 signaling leads to catastrophic chromosomal instability coupled with a loss of condensin-mediated chromatin compaction. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104834. [PMID: 37201585 PMCID: PMC10300262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization is highly dynamic and modulates DNA replication, transcription, and chromosome segregation. Condensin is essential for chromosome assembly during mitosis and meiosis, as well as maintenance of chromosome structure during interphase. While it is well established that sustained condensin expression is necessary to ensure chromosome stability, the mechanisms that control its expression are not yet known. Herein, we report that disruption of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), the core catalytic subunit of CDK-activating kinase, leads to reduced transcription of several condensin subunits, including structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 (SMC2). Live and static microscopy revealed that inhibiting CDK7 signaling prolongs mitosis and induces chromatin bridge formation, DNA double-strand breaks, and abnormal nuclear features, all of which are indicative of mitotic catastrophe and chromosome instability. Affirming the importance of condensin regulation by CDK7, genetic suppression of the expression of SMC2, a core subunit of this complex, phenocopies CDK7 inhibition. Moreover, analysis of genome-wide chromatin conformation using Hi-C revealed that sustained activity of CDK7 is necessary to maintain chromatin sublooping, a function that is ascribed to condensin. Notably, the regulation of condensin subunit gene expression is independent of superenhancers. Together, these studies reveal a new role for CDK7 in sustaining chromatin configuration by ensuring the expression of condensin genes, including SMC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Piemonte
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bryan M Webb
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica R Bobbitt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Parth R Majmudar
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Leslie Cuellar-Vite
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin L Bryson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas C Latina
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Darcie D Seachrist
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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22
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Lu J, Wu XJ, Hassouna A, Wang KS, Li Y, Feng T, Zhao Y, Jin M, Zhang B, Ying T, Li J, Cheng L, Liu J, Huang Y. Gemcitabine‑fucoxanthin combination in human pancreatic cancer cells. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:46. [PMID: 37324167 PMCID: PMC10265583 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer treatment. It has also been demonstrated to inhibit human pancreatic cancer cell lines, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the suppressive effect of fucoxanthin, a marine carotenoid, in combination with gemcitabine on pancreatic cancer cells. MTT assays and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry were performed to study the mechanism of action. The results revealed that combining a low dose of fucoxanthin with gemcitabine enhanced the cell viability of human embryonic kidney cells, 293, while a high dose of fucoxanthin enhanced the inhibitory effect of gemcitabine on the cell viability of this cell line. In addition, the enhanced effect of fucoxanthin on the inhibitory effect of gemcitabine on PANC-1 cells was significant (P<0.01). Fucoxanthin combined with gemcitabine also exerted significant enhancement of the anti-proliferation effect in MIA PaCa-2 cells in a concentration dependent manner (P<0.05), compared with gemcitabine treatment alone. In conclusion, fucoxanthin improved the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine on human pancreatic cancer cells at concentrations that were not cytotoxic to non-cancer cells. Thus, fucoxanthin has the potential to be used as an adjunct in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lu
- College of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518071, P.R. China
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P.R. China
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Xiaowu Jenifer Wu
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Amira Hassouna
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
| | - Kelvin Sheng Wang
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Yan Li
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tao Feng
- College of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Minfeng Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, P.R. China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, P.R. China
| | - Lufeng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Johnson Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yue Huang
- Shanghai Business School, Fengxian, Shanghai 201499, P.R. China
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23
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Novitasari D, Jenie RI, Kato JY, Meiyanto E. Chemoprevention curcumin analog 1.1 promotes metaphase arrest and enhances intracellular reactive oxygen species levels on TNBC MDA-MB-231 and HER2-positive HCC1954 cells. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:358-370. [PMID: 37614620 PMCID: PMC10443663 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Previous studies highlighted that chemoprevention curcumin analog-1.1 (CCA-1.1) demonstrated an antitumor effect on breast, leukemia, and colorectal cancer cells. By utilizing immortalized MDA-MB-231 and HCC1954 cells, we evaluated the anticancer properties of CCA-1.1 and its mediated activity to promote cellular death. Experimental approach Cytotoxicity and anti-proliferation were assayed using trypan blue exclusion. The cell cycle profile after CCA-1.1 treatment was established through flow cytometry. May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Hoechst staining were performed to determine the cell cycle arrest upon CCA-1.1 treatment. The involvement of CCA-1.1 in mitotic kinases (aurora A, p-aurora A, p-PLK1, and p-cyclin B1) expression was investigated by immunoblotting. CCA-1.1-treated cells were stained with the X-gal solution to examine the effect on senescence. ROS level and mitochondrial respiration were assessed by DCFDA assay and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate, respectively. Findings/Results CCA-1.1 exerted cytotoxic activity and inhibited cell proliferation with an irreversible effect, and the flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that CCA-1.1 significantly halted during the G2/M phase, and further assessment revealed that CCA-1.1 caused metaphase arrest. Immunoblot assays confirmed CCA-1.1 suppressed aurora A kinase in MDA-MB-231 cells. The ROS level was elevated after treatment with CCA-1.1, which might promote cellular senescence and suppress basal mitochondrial respiration in MDA-MB-231 cells. Conclusion and implications Our data suggested the in vitro proof-of-concept that supports the involvement in cell cycle regulation and ROS generation as contributors to the effectiveness of CCA-1.1 in suppressing breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhania Novitasari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Jun-ya Kato
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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24
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Alhaj-Suliman SO, Naguib YW, Wafa EI, Saha S, Ebeid K, Meng X, Mohammed HH, Abuo-Rahma GEDA, Yang S, Salem AK. A ciprofloxacin derivative with four mechanisms of action overcomes paclitaxel resistance in p53-mutant and MDR1 gene-expressing type II human endometrial cancer. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122093. [PMID: 36965280 PMCID: PMC10092294 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the p53 gene and the presence of the MDR1 gene are associated with many malignant tumors including endometrial cancer and are responsible for cancer therapeutic resistance and poor survival. Thus, there is a critical need to devise novel combinatorial therapies with multiple mechanisms of action to overcome drug resistance. Here, we report a new ciprofloxacin derivative (CIP2b) tested either alone or in combination with taxanes against four human endometrial cancer cell lines. In vitro studies revealed that a combination of paclitaxel + CIP2b had synergistic cytotoxic effects against MDR1-expressing type-II human endometrial cancer cells with loss-of-function p53 (Hec50co LOFp53). Enhanced antitumor effects were confirmed by substantial increases in caspase-3 expression, cell population shifts toward the G2/M phase, and reduction of cdc2 phosphorylation. It was found that CIP2b targets multiple pathways including the inhibition of MDR1, topoisomerase I, and topoisomerase II, as well as enhancing the effects of paclitaxel (PTX) on microtubule assembly. In vivo treatment with the combination of PTX + CIP2b also led to significantly increased accumulation of PTX in tumors (compared to CIP2b alone) and reduction in tumor growth. Enhanced in vivo cytotoxic effects were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical examination of the tumor tissues. Complete blood count and blood biochemistry data confirmed the absence of any apparent off-target toxicity. Thus, combination therapy involving PTX and CIP2b targeted multiple pathways and represents an approach that could result in improved tolerance and efficacy in patients with type-II endometrial cancer harboring the MDR1 gene and p53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaila O Alhaj-Suliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, United States
| | - Youssef W Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, United States; Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Emad I Wafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, United States
| | - Sanjib Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, United States
| | - Kareem Ebeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, United States; Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Xiangbing Meng
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States
| | - Hamada H Mohammed
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Gamal El-Din A Abuo-Rahma
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, 52242, United States.
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Vítovcová B, Skarková V, Havelek R, Soukup J, Pande A, Caltová K, Rudolf E. Flubendazole exhibits anti-glioblastoma effect by inhibiting STAT3 and promoting cell cycle arrest. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5993. [PMID: 37045903 PMCID: PMC10097688 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) belongs to most aggressive and invasive primary brain tumor in adults whose prognosis and survival remains poor. Potential new treatment modalities include targeting the cytoskeleton. In our study, we demonstrated that repurposed drug flubendazole (FLU) significantly inhibits proliferation and survival of GBM cells. FLU exerted its effect by affecting microtubule structure and our results also suggest that FLU influences tubulins expression to a certain degree. Moreover, FLU effects decreased activation of STAT3 and also partially inhibited its expression, leading to upregulation of p53 signaling pathway and subsequent cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase as well as caspase-dependent cell death in GBM cells. These results suggest FLU as a promising agent to be used in GBM treatment and prompting further testing of its effects on GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Vítovcová
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Skarková
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Havelek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Soukup
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ananya Pande
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Caltová
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Emil Rudolf
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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26
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Sai S, Koto M, Yamada S. Basic and translational research on carbon-ion radiobiology. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:1-24. [PMID: 36777517 PMCID: PMC9906076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-ion beam irradiation (IR) has evident advantages over the conventional photon beams in treating tumors. It releases enormous amount of energy in a well-defined range with insignificant scatter in surrounding tissues based on well-localized energy deposition. Over the past 28 years, more than 14,000 patients with various types of cancer have been treated by carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) with promising results at QST. I have provided an overview of the basic and translational research on carbon-ion radiobiology including mechanisms underlying high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon-ion IR-induced cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, senescence, mitotic catastrophe etc.) and high radiocurability produced by carbon-ion beams in combination with DNA damaging drugs or with molecular-targeted drugs, micro-RNA therapeutics and immunotherapy. Additionally, I have focused on the application of these treatment in human cancer cells, especially cancer stem cells (CSCs). Finally, I have summarized the current studies on the application of basic carbon-ion beam IR according to the cancer types and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Sai
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan
| | - Masashi Koto
- Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute of Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan,QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST)Chiba, Japan
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27
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Shang S, Liu J, Hua F. Protein acylation: mechanisms, biological functions and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:396. [PMID: 36577755 PMCID: PMC9797573 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is involved in the pathogenesis of not only cancers but also neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. With the progress of metabonomics and proteomics, metabolites have been found to affect protein acylations through providing acyl groups or changing the activities of acyltransferases or deacylases. Reciprocally, protein acylation is involved in key cellular processes relevant to physiology and diseases, such as protein stability, protein subcellular localization, enzyme activity, transcriptional activity, protein-protein interactions and protein-DNA interactions. Herein, we summarize the functional diversity and mechanisms of eight kinds of nonhistone protein acylations in the physiological processes and progression of several diseases. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of inhibitors for acyltransferase, deacylase, and acylation reader proteins for their potential applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Hua
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
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Newly Synthesized Melphalan Analogs Induce DNA Damage and Mitotic Catastrophe in Hematological Malignant Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214258. [PMID: 36430734 PMCID: PMC9693175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloablative therapy with highdoses of the cytostatic drug melphalan (MEL) in preparation for hematopoietic cell transplantation is the standard of care for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Melphalan is a bifunctional alkylating agent that covalently binds to nucleophilic sites in the DNA and effective in the treatment, but unfortunately has limited therapeutic benefit. Therefore, new approaches are urgently needed for patients who are resistant to existing standard treatment with MEL. Regulating the pharmacological activity of drug molecules by modifying their structure is one method for improving their effectiveness. The purpose of this work was to analyze the physicochemical and biological properties of newly synthesized melphalan derivatives (EE-MEL, EM-MEL, EM-MOR-MEL, EM-I-MEL, EM-T-MEL) obtained through the esterification of the carboxyl group and the replacement of the the amino group with an amidine group. Compounds were selected based on our previous studies for their improved anticancer properties in comparison with the original drug. For this, we first evaluated the physicochemical properties using the circular dichroism technique, then analyzed the zeta potential and the hydrodynamic diameters of the particles. Then, the in vitro biological properties of the analogs were tested on multiple myeloma (RPMI8226), acute monocytic leukemia (THP1), and promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cells as model systems for hematological malignant cells. DNA damage was assessed by immunostaining γH2AX, cell cycle distribution changes by propidium iodide (PI) staining, and cell death by the activation of caspase 2. We proved that the newly synthesized derivatives, in particular EM-MOR-MEL and EM-T-MEL, affected the B-DNA conformation, thus increasing the DNA damage. As a result of the DNA changes, the cell cycle was arrested in the S and G2/M phases. The cell death occurred by activating a mitotic catastrophe. Our investigations suggest that the analogs EM-MOR-MEL and EM-T-MEL have better anti-cancer activity in multiple myeloma cells than the currently used melphalan.
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Yam CQX, Lim HH, Surana U. DNA damage checkpoint execution and the rules of its disengagement. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1020643. [PMID: 36274841 PMCID: PMC9582513 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1020643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes are susceptible to damage during their duplication and segregation or when exposed to genotoxic stresses. Left uncorrected, these lesions can result in genomic instability, leading to cells' diminished fitness, unbridled proliferation or death. To prevent such fates, checkpoint controls transiently halt cell cycle progression to allow time for the implementation of corrective measures. Prominent among these is the DNA damage checkpoint which operates at G2/M transition to ensure that cells with damaged chromosomes do not enter the mitotic phase. The execution and maintenance of cell cycle arrest are essential aspects of G2/M checkpoint and have been studied in detail. Equally critical is cells' ability to switch-off the checkpoint controls after a successful completion of corrective actions and to recommence cell cycle progression. Interestingly, when corrective measures fail, cells can mount an unusual cellular response, termed adaptation, where they escape checkpoint arrest and resume cell cycle progression with damaged chromosomes at the cost of genome instability or even death. Here, we discuss the DNA damage checkpoint, the mitotic networks it inhibits to prevent segregation of damaged chromosomes and the strategies cells employ to quench the checkpoint controls to override the G2/M arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Hwa Lim
- A*STAR Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Uttam Surana
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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30
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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Petronek MS, Allen BG, Luthe G, Stolwijk JM. Polyoxometalate Nanoparticles as a Potential Glioblastoma Therapeutic via Lipid-Mediated Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158263. [PMID: 35897839 PMCID: PMC9332768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyoxometalate nanoparticles (POMs) are a class of compounds made up of multiple transition metals linked together using oxygen atoms. POMs commonly include group 6 transition metals, with two of the most common forms using molybdenum and tungsten. POMs are suggested to exhibit antimicrobial effects. In this study, we developed two POM preparations to study anti-cancer activity. We found that Mo-POM (NH4)Mo7O24) and W-POM (H3PW12O40) have anti-cancer effects on glioblastoma cells. Both POMs induced morphological changes marked by membrane swelling and the presence of multinucleated cells that may indicate apoptosis induction along with impaired cell division. We also observed significant increases in lipid oxidation events, suggesting that POMs are redox-active and can catalyze detrimental oxidation events in glioblastoma cells. Here, we present preliminary indications that molybdenum polyoxometalate nanoparticles may act like ferrous iron to catalyze the oxidation of phospholipids. These preliminary results suggest that Mo-POMs (NH4)Mo7O24) and W-POMs (H3PW12O40) may warrant further investigation into their utility as adjunct cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Petronek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.P.); (J.M.S.); Tel.: +1-(319)-356-8019 (M.S.P.)
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Spheres4Life B.V., 7521 Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.G.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Gregor Luthe
- Spheres4Life B.V., 7521 Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.G.A.); (G.L.)
| | - Jeffrey M. Stolwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Free Radical and Radiation Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1181, USA
- Spheres4Life B.V., 7521 Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.G.A.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.P.); (J.M.S.); Tel.: +1-(319)-356-8019 (M.S.P.)
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DNMT3A Regulates miR-149 DNA Methylation to Activate NOTCH1/Hedgehog Pathway to Promote the Development of Junctional Osteosarcoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3261213. [PMID: 35909477 PMCID: PMC9334075 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3261213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate the DNMT3A/miR-149/NOTCH1/Hedgehog axis regulating the development of osteosarcoma. Methods. First, microRNA and mRNA expression microarrays were downloaded from the GEO database for osteosarcoma and differentially expressed microRNAs were analyzed. Subsequently, we collected cancerous tissues and corresponding paracancerous tissues from 42 osteosarcoma patients and examined the expression levels of miR-149, DNMT3A, and NOTCH1 in the samples. Subsequently, miR-149 was overexpressed in osteosarcoma cells to detect cell proliferation and metastatic ability changes. We then queried the methylation level of the miR-149 promoter on the bioinformatics website and verified it by experiment. We further demonstrated the expression level of miR-149 with NOTCH1 using a dual luciferase assay and confirmed the role of NOTCH1 on osteosarcoma cell growth and metastasis by functional rescue assay. Finally, we detected the activation level of the Hedgehog/catenin signaling pathway by WB and immunofluorescence. Results. miR-149 was significantly low expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cells, while DNMT3A and NOTCH1 were highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues and cells, and negatively correlated with miR-149 expression levels. Overexpression of miR-149 significantly inhibited the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo, and we found that DNMT3A could promote the methylation modification of the miR-149 promoter, thereby inhibiting the expression of miR-149. Subsequently, the experimental results showed that miR-149 could target negative regulation of NOTCH1, and further overexpression of NOTCH1 in cells with high miR-149 expression could promote the growth and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Conclusion. The methyltransferase DNMT3A suppresses miR-149 expression by promoting methylation modification of the miR-149 promoter, resulting in elevated expression levels of NOTCH1 in cells, therefore exacerbating activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway and therefore exacerbating the development and progression of osteosarcoma.
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Zhao S, Tang Y, Wang R, Najafi M. Mechanisms of cancer cell death induction by paclitaxel: an updated review. Apoptosis 2022; 27:647-667. [PMID: 35849264 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemoresistance of cancer cells is a major problem in treating cancer. Knowledge of how cancer cells may die or resist cancer drugs is critical to providing certain strategies to overcome tumour resistance to treatment. Paclitaxel is known as a chemotherapy drug that can suppress the proliferation of cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest and induction of mitotic catastrophe. However, today, it is well known that paclitaxel can induce multiple kinds of cell death in cancers. Besides the induction of mitotic catastrophe that occurs during mitosis, paclitaxel has been shown to induce the expression of several pro-apoptosis mediators. It also can modulate the activity of anti-apoptosis mediators. However, certain cell-killing mechanisms such as senescence and autophagy can increase resistance to paclitaxel. This review focuses on the mechanisms of cell death, including apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, autophagic cell death, pyroptosis, etc., following paclitaxel treatment. In addition, mechanisms of resistance to cell death due to exposure to paclitaxel and the use of combinations to overcome drug resistance will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yufei Tang
- College of Medical Technology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China
| | - Ruohan Wang
- School of Nursing, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, Hunan, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Tatekawa S, Tamari K, Chijimatsu R, Konno M, Motooka D, Mitsufuji S, Akita H, Kobayashi S, Murakumo Y, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Ishii H, Ogawa K. N(6)-methyladenosine methylation-regulated polo-like kinase 1 cell cycle homeostasis as a potential target of radiotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11074. [PMID: 35773310 PMCID: PMC9246847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic cancer, methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a N(6)-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, has a favorable effect on tumors and is a risk factor for patients' prognosis. However, the details of what genes are regulated by METTL3 remain unknown. Several RNAs are methylated, and what genes are favored in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. By epitranscriptomic analysis, we report that polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is an important hub gene defining patient prognosis in pancreatic cancer and that RNA methylation is involved in regulating its cell cycle-specific expression. We found that insulin like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) binds to m6A of PLK1 3' untranslated region and is involved in upregulating PLK1 expression and that demethylation of this site activates the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein pathway by replicating stress and increasing mitotic catastrophe, resulting in increased radiosensitivity. This suggests that PLK1 methylation is essential for cell cycle maintenance in pancreatic cancer and is a new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Tatekawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tamari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryota Chijimatsu
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Konno
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Tumor Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Suguru Mitsufuji
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Murakumo
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Department of Medical Data Science, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiko Ogawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Trybus E, Król T, Trybus W. The Multidirectional Effect of Azelastine Hydrochloride on Cervical Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5890. [PMID: 35682572 PMCID: PMC9180047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A major cause of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutics is the blocking of apoptosis and induction of autophagy in the context of cell adaptation and survival. Therefore, new compounds are being sought, also among drugs that are commonly used in other therapies. Due to the involvement of histamine in the regulation of processes occurring during the development of many types of cancer, antihistamines are now receiving special attention. Our study concerned the identification of new mechanisms of action of azelastine hydrochloride, used in antiallergic treatment. The study was performed on HeLa cells treated with different concentrations of azelastine (15-90 µM). Cell cycle, level of autophagy (LC3 protein activity) and apoptosis (annexin V assay), activity of caspase 3/7, anti-apoptotic protein of Bcl-2 family, ROS concentration, measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and level of phosphorylated H2A.X in response to DSB were evaluated by cytometric method. Cellular changes were also demonstrated at the level of transmission electron microscopy and optical and fluorescence microscopy. Lysosomal enzyme activities-cathepsin D and L and cell viability (MTT assay) were assessed spectrophotometrically. Results: Azelastine in concentrations of 15-25 µM induced degradation processes, vacuolization, increase in cathepsin D and L activity, and LC3 protein activation. By increasing ROS, it also caused DNA damage and blocked cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. At the concentrations of 45-90 µM, azelastine clearly promoted apoptosis by activation of caspase 3/7 and inactivation of Bcl-2 protein. Fragmentation of cell nucleus was confirmed by DAPI staining. Changes were also found in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, whose damage was confirmed by staining with rhodamine 123 and in the MTT test. Azelastine decreased the mitotic index and induced mitotic catastrophe. Studies demonstrated the multidirectional effects of azelastine on HeLa cells, including anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, autophagic, and apoptotic properties, which were the predominant mechanism of death. The revealed novel properties of azelastine may be practically used in anti-cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Trybus
- Department of Medical Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Teodora Król
- Department of Medical Biology, The Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
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Stoczynska-Fidelus E, Węgierska M, Kierasińska A, Ciunowicz D, Rieske P. Role of Senescence in Tumorigenesis and Anticancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:5969536. [PMID: 35342397 PMCID: PMC8956409 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5969536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of senescence in many physiological and pathological processes is becoming more identifiable, many aspects of senescence are still enigmatic. A special attention is paid to the role of this phenomenon in tumor development and therapy. This review mainly deals with a large spectrum of oncological issues, beginning with therapy-induced senescence and ending with oncogene-induced senescence. Moreover, the role of senescence in experimental approaches, such as primary cancer cell culture or reprogramming into stem cells, is also beginning to receive further consideration. Additional focus is made on senescence resulting from mitotic catastrophe processes triggered by events occurring during mitosis and jeopardizing chromosomal stability. It has to be also realized that based on recent findings, the basics of senescent cell property interpretation, such as irreversibility of proliferation blockade, can be undermined. It shows that the definition of senescence probably requires updating. Finally, the role of senescence is lately more understandable in the immune system, especially since senescence can diminish the effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding all these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Stoczynska-Fidelus
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Węgierska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Amelia Kierasińska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Ciunowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Chair of Medical Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9 St., 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Poczta A, Krzeczyński P, Tobiasz J, Rogalska A, Gajek A, Marczak A. Synthesis and In Vitro Activity of Novel Melphalan Analogs in Hematological Malignancy Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1760. [PMID: 35163680 PMCID: PMC8836188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the continuous developments in pharmacology and the high therapeutic effect of new treatment options for patients with hematological malignancies, these diseases remain a major health issue. Our study aimed to synthesize, analyze in silico, and determine the biological properties of new melphalan derivatives. We obtained three methyl esters of melphalan having in their structures amidine moieties substituted with thiomorpholine (EM-T-MEL), indoline (EM-I-MEL), or 4-(4-morpholinyl) piperidine (EM-MORPIP-MEL). These have not yet been described in the literature. The in vitro anticancer properties of the analogs were determined against THP1, HL60, and RPMI8226 cells. Melphalan derivatives were evaluated for cytotoxicity (resazurin viability assay), genotoxicity (alkaline comet assay), and their ability to induce apoptosis (Hoechst33342/propidium iodide double staining method; phosphatidylserine translocation; and caspase 3/7, 8, and 9 activity measurements). Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were examined using the specific fluorescence probe JC-1 (5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazol carbocyanine). The EM-T-MEL derivative had the highest biological activity, showing higher cytotoxic and genotoxic properties than the parent drug. Moreover, it showed a high ability to induce apoptosis in the tested cancer cells. This compound also had a beneficial effect in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In conclusion, we verified and confirmed the hypothesis that chemical modifications of the melphalan structure improved its anticancer properties. The conducted study allowed the selection of the compound with the highest biological activity and provided a basis for chemical structure-biological activity analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastazja Poczta
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Piotr Krzeczyński
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Joanna Tobiasz
- Department of Pharmacy, Cosmetic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Team of Chemistry, Łukasiewicz Research Network—Industrial Chemistry Institute, 8 Rydygiera Street, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland; (P.K.); (J.T.)
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.R.); (A.G.); (A.M.)
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Kim S, Perera SK, Choi SI, Rebhun RB, Seo KW. G2/M arrest and mitotic slippage induced by fenbendazole in canine melanoma cells. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:966-981. [PMID: 35020278 PMCID: PMC9122462 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of fenbendazole (FBZ) in terminal cancer patients has recently increased, as anthelminthic drugs, such as FBZ and benzimidazole, exhibit anti‐tubulin effects in tumour cells. Objectives The present study evaluated the in vitro anti‐cancer effects of FBZ in five canine melanoma cell lines originating from the oral cavity (UCDK9M3, UCDK9M4, UCDK9M5, KMeC and LMeC). Methods Five canine melanoma cell lines were treated with FBZ and analysed with cell viability assay, cell cycle analysis, western blot assay and immunofluorescence staining to identify apoptotic effect, cell cycle arrest, microtubule disruption and mitotic slippage. Results Cell viability was reduced in all melanoma cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner after FBZ treatment. Through cell cycle analysis, G2/M arrest and mitotic slippage were identified, which showed a time‐dependent change. All treatment concentrations induced increased cleaved PARP signals in western blot analysis compared to the control groups. Immunofluorescence of cells treated for 24 h revealed defects in microtubule structure, multinucleation or macronucleation. With the exception of UCDK9M3, the melanoma cells showed mitotic slippage and post‐slippage death, indicative of mitotic catastrophe. Conclusions These results indicate that FBZ exhibits anti‐cancer effects in vitro against canine melanoma cells; however, further in vivo studies regarding the clinical applications of FBZ are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Shashini Kanchanamala Perera
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seo-In Choi
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Center for Companion Animal Health, Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Kyoung-Won Seo
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea, Seoul
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Wu T, Wei B, Lin H, Zhou B, Lin T, Liu Q, Sang H, Liu H, Huang W. Integral Analyses of Competing Endogenous RNA Mechanisms and DNA Methylation Reveal Regulatory Mechanisms in Osteosarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:763347. [PMID: 34957096 PMCID: PMC8696003 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.763347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents, with rapid growth, frequent metastasis, and a poor prognosis, but its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Exploring the pathogenesis of OS is of great significance for improving diagnoses and finding new therapeutic targets. Methods: Differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs), miRNAs (DEMs), methylated DNA sites (DMSs), and mRNAs (DEGs) were identified between OS and control cell lines. GSEA of DEGs and functional enrichment analysis of methylated DEGs were carried out to further identify potential biological processes. Online tools were used to predict the miRNA binding sites of DECs and the mRNA binding sites of DEMs, and then construct a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network. Next, an analysis of the interaction between methylated DEGs was performed with a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and hub gene identification and survival analysis were carried out. The expression pattern of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA was validated by real-time PCR. Results: GSEA and functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs and methylated DEGs are involved in important biological processes in cancer. Hsa_circ_0001753/has_miR_760/CD74 network was constructed and validated in cell lines. Low expression levels of CD74 are associated with poor overall survival times and show good diagnostic ability. Conclusion: Methylated DEGs may be involved in the development of OS, and the hsa_circ_0001753/has_miR_760/CD74 network may serve as a target for the early diagnosis of and targeted therapy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingrui Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Boan Zhou
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qianzheng Liu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hongxun Sang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Ning R, Chen G, Fang R, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Qian F. Diosmetin inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis through STAT3/c-Myc signaling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. Biol Res 2021; 54:40. [PMID: 34922636 PMCID: PMC8684101 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diosmetin is a bioflavonoid compound naturally abundant in citrus fruits. It is found to perform a variety of activities, while its antitumor property in osteosarcoma, a malignant tumor with unmet clinical treatment, remained unknown. METHODS Colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis and apoptosis analysis were conducted respectively to observe the effect of diosmetin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. Western blot and immunoprecipitation were used to detect the expression of apoptotic molecules and activation of STAT3/c-Myc pathway in Saos-2 and U2SO cells. RESULTS Diosmetin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and promoted cell apoptosis in both Saos-2 and U2SO cells. Moreover, Diosmetin downregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL while upregulated the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins including cleaved Caspase-3, cleaved-PARP and Bax. Furthermore, diosmetin dose-dependently inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation, reduced the expression of its downstream protein c-Myc and impeded the interaction between STAT3 molecules. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that diosmetin exerts anti-osteosarcoma effects by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis via inhibiting the activation of STAT3/c-Myc signaling pathway, which provide the possibility for diosmetin to be a chemotherapeutic candidate for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rende Ning
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230031, China.
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Run Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 390 Huaihe Road, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, 85 Wu Jin Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Xiang J, Zhou L, He Y, Wu S. LDH-A inhibitors as remedies to enhance the anticancer effects of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancer cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25920-25930. [PMID: 34919531 PMCID: PMC8751605 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic malignancies. It has been shown that PARP inhibitors can selectively target BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer and exert some effects on ovarian cancer without BRCA mutations. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, wild-type BRCA ovarian cancer cells (A2780 and SKOV3) were used. Our results showed that using a PARP inhibitor (olaparib or AG14361) alone significantly inhibited the proliferation of A2780 cells but negligibly inhibited the proliferation of SKOV3 cells. We used RNA sequencing to explore differentially expressed genes and found that PARP inhibitors increased LDH-A in SKOV3 cells, which was confirmed by RT-PCR. Oxamate (a specific inhibitor of LDH-A) was used to investigate whether LDH-A inhibition enhances the suppressive effects of PARP inhibitors on ovarian cancer without BRCA mutations. CCK-8 assays, scratch assays and Transwell assays were used to determine cell proliferation, cell migration ability and invasion ability, respectively. Both olaparib and AG14361 significantly inhibited the proliferation/invasion ability of A2780 cells but not SKOV3 cells. Inhibition of LDH-A can remarkably promote the inhibitory effects of PARP inhibitors on both A2780 and SKOV3 cells. Thus, high expression level of LDH-A influenced the suppressive effects of PARP inhibitors on ovarian cancer with wild-type BRCA, and LDH-A inhibition notably enhanced this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangdong Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yinyan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Sufang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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Chavez-Dominguez R, Perez-Medina M, Aguilar-Cazares D, Galicia-Velasco M, Meneses-Flores M, Islas-Vazquez L, Camarena A, Lopez-Gonzalez JS. Old and New Players of Inflammation and Their Relationship With Cancer Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:722999. [PMID: 34881173 PMCID: PMC8645998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.722999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens or genotoxic agents continuously affect the human body. Acute inflammatory reaction induced by a non-sterile or sterile environment is triggered for the efficient elimination of insults that caused the damage. According to the insult, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, and homeostasis-altering molecular processes are released to facilitate the arrival of tissue resident and circulating cells to the injured zone to promote harmful agent elimination and tissue regeneration. However, when inflammation is maintained, a chronic phenomenon is induced, in which phagocytic cells release toxic molecules damaging the harmful agent and the surrounding healthy tissues, thereby inducing DNA lesions. In this regard, chronic inflammation has been recognized as a risk factor of cancer development by increasing the genomic instability of transformed cells and by creating an environment containing proliferation signals. Based on the cancer immunoediting concept, a rigorous and regulated inflammation process triggers participation of innate and adaptive immune responses for efficient elimination of transformed cells. When immune response does not eliminate all transformed cells, an equilibrium phase is induced. Therefore, excessive inflammation amplifies local damage caused by the continuous arrival of inflammatory/immune cells. To regulate the overstimulation of inflammatory/immune cells, a network of mechanisms that inhibit or block the cell overactivity must be activated. Transformed cells may take advantage of this process to proliferate and gradually grow until they become preponderant over the immune cells, preserving, increasing, or creating a microenvironment to evade the host immune response. In this microenvironment, tumor cells resist the attack of the effector immune cells or instruct them to sustain tumor growth and development until its clinical consequences. With tumor development, evolving, complex, and overlapping microenvironments are arising. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of cytokine, immune, and tumor cell interactions and their role in the intricated process will impact the combination of current or forthcoming therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Chavez-Dominguez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario Perez-Medina
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Quimioterapia Experimental, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dolores Aguilar-Cazares
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miriam Galicia-Velasco
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Meneses-Flores
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Islas-Vazquez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angel Camarena
- Laboratorio de Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose S Lopez-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Enfermedades Cronico-Degenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosio Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
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43
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Khing TM, Choi WS, Kim DM, Po WW, Thein W, Shin CY, Sohn UD. The effect of paclitaxel on apoptosis, autophagy and mitotic catastrophe in AGS cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23490. [PMID: 34873207 PMCID: PMC8648765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is an anti-microtubule agent that has been shown to induce cell death in gastric cancer. However, the detailed mechanism of action is unclear. In this study, we reveal that the paclitaxel-induced cell death mechanism involves mitotic catastrophe, autophagy and apoptosis in AGS cells. Paclitaxel induced intrinsic apoptosis by activating caspase-3, caspase-9 and PARP. In addition, the significant increase in autophagy marker LC3B-II, together with Atg5, class III PI3K and Beclin-1, and the down-regulation of p62 following paclitaxel treatment verified that paclitaxel induced autophagy. Further experiments showed that paclitaxel caused mitotic catastrophe, cell cycle arrest of the accumulated multinucleated giant cells at the G2/M phase and induction of cell death in 24 h. Within 48 h, the arrested multinucleated cells escaped mitosis by decreasing cell division regulatory proteins and triggered cell death. Cells treated with paclitaxel for 48 h were grown in fresh medium for 24 h and checked for CDC2, CDC25C and lamin B1 protein expressions. These proteins had decreased significantly, indicating that the remaining cells became senescent. In conclusion, it is suggested that paclitaxel-induced mitotic catastrophe is an integral part of the cell death mechanism, in addition to apoptosis and autophagy, in AGS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Myo Khing
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wah Wah Po
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Wynn Thein
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Yell Shin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Laboratory of Signaling and Pharmacological Activity, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Czarnek M, Sarad K, Karaś A, Kochan J, Bereta J. Non-targeting control for MISSION shRNA library silences SNRPD3 leading to cell death or permanent growth arrest. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:711-731. [PMID: 34703654 PMCID: PMC8517100 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In parallel with the expansion of RNA interference (RNAi) techniques, accumulating evidence indicates that RNAi analyses might be seriously biased due to the off-target effects of gene-specific short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs). Our findings indicated that off-target effects of non-targeting shRNA comprise another source of misinterpreted shRNA-based data. We found that SHC016, which is one of two non-targeting shRNA controls for the MISSION (commercialized TRC) library, exerts deleterious effects that lead to elimination of the shRNA-coding cassette from the genomes of cultured murine and human cells. Here, we used a lentiviral vector with inducible SHC016 expression to confirm that this shRNA induces apoptosis in murine cells and senescence or mitotic catastrophe depending on the p53 status in human tumor cells. We identified the core spliceosomal protein, small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Sm D3 (SNRPD3), as a major SHC016 target in several cell lines and confirmed that CRISPRi knockdown of SNRPD3 mimics the effects of SHC016 expression in A549 and U251 cells. The overexpression of SNRPD3 rescued U251 cells from SHC016-induced mitotic catastrophe. Our findings disqualified non-targeting SHC016 shRNA and added a new premise to the discussion about the sources of uncertainty in RNAi results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Czarnek
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sarad
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Karaś
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Kochan
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bereta
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Xu L, Zhang C, Yin H, Gong S, Wu N, Ren Z, Zhang Y. RNA modifications act as regulators of cell death. RNA Biol 2021; 18:2183-2193. [PMID: 34313542 PMCID: PMC8632120 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1925460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, more than one hundred types of RNA modifications have been found, and many of these modifications are reversible and dynamically regulated. RNA modifications can regulate RNA stability and translation and are thus involved in multiple biological activities. Recently, RNA modifications have been shown to have important roles in the regulation of cell death. Cell death is a critical process that maintains tissue homoeostasis and is regulated by multiple pathways in response to specific stimuli. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the roles of RNA modifications in cell death mediation and discuss the prospects of such research.Abbreviations: m6A, N6-Methyladenosine; m6Am, N6,2'-O-Dimethyladenosine; m1A, N1-Methyladenosine; m5C, 5-Methylcytosine; hm5C, 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine; Ψ, pseudouridine; A-to-I, adenosine-to- inosine; hnRNPs, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins; MOMP, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization; DD, death domain; DISC, death-inducing signalling complex; DED, death effector domain; FADD, FAS-associated protein with the death domain; TRADD, TNF receptor-associated protein with death domain; CMA, chaperone- mediated autophagy; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; AD, alzheimer's disease; AML, acute myeloid leukaemia; miR, microRNA; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine hydrochloride; R-2HG, R-2-hydroxyglutarate; IRES, internal ribosome entry site; BMSCs, bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells; NPCs, nucleus pulposus cells; HsCG, human chorionic gonadotropin; snoRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; lncRNAs, long noncoding RNAs; TNM, tumour-node-metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Nai Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zeqiang Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Repurposing of the ALK Inhibitor Crizotinib for Acute Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111126. [PMID: 34832908 PMCID: PMC8617756 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crizotinib was a first generation of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. COMPARE and cluster analyses of transcriptomic data of the NCI cell line panel indicated that genes with different cellular functions regulated the sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to crizotinib. Transcription factor binding motif analyses in gene promoters divulged two transcription factors possibly regulating the expression of these genes, i.e., RXRA and GATA1, which are important for leukemia and erythroid development, respectively. COMPARE analyses also implied that cell lines of various cancer types displayed varying degrees of sensitivity to crizotinib. Unexpectedly, leukemia but not lung cancer cells were the most sensitive cells among the different types of NCI cancer cell lines. Re-examining this result in another panel of cell lines indeed revealed that crizotinib exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma cells. P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells were cross-resistant to crizotinib. NCI-H929 multiple myeloma cells were the most sensitive cells. Hence, we evaluated the mode of action of crizotinib on these cells. Although crizotinib is a TKI, it showed highest correlation rates with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors and tubulin inhibitors. The altered gene expression profiles after crizotinib treatment predicted several networks, where TOP2A and genes related to cell cycle were downregulated. Cell cycle analyses showed that cells incubated with crizotinib for 24 h accumulated in the G2M phase. Crizotinib also increased the number of p-H3(Ser10)-positive NCI-H929 cells illustrating crizotinib's ability to prevent mitotic exit. However, cells accumulated in the sub-G0G1 fraction with longer incubation periods, indicating apoptosis induction. Additionally, crizotinib disassembled the tubulin network of U2OS cells expressing an α-tubulin-GFP fusion protein, preventing migration of cancer cells. This result was verified by in vitro tubulin polymerization assays. In silico molecular docking also revealed a strong binding affinity of crizotinib to the colchicine and Vinca alkaloid binding sites. Taken together, these results demonstrate that crizotinib destabilized microtubules. Additionally, the decatenation assay showed that crizotinib partwise inhibited the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase II. In conclusion, crizotinib exerted kinase-independent cytotoxic effects through the dual inhibition of tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase II and might be used to treat not only NSCLC but also multiple myeloma.
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Malebari AM, Wang S, Greene TF, O’Boyle NM, Fayne D, Khan MF, Nathwani SM, Twamley B, McCabe T, Zisterer DM, Meegan MJ. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 3-Chloroazetidin-2-ones with Antimitotic Activity: Heterocyclic Bridged Analogues of Combretastatin A-4. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1119. [PMID: 34832901 PMCID: PMC8624998 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimitotic drugs that target tubulin are among the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents; however, the development of multidrug resistance has limited their clinical activity. We report the synthesis and biological properties of a series of novel 3-chloro-β-lactams and 3,3-dichloro-β-lactams (2-azetidinones) that are structurally related to the tubulin polymerisation inhibitor and vascular targeting agent, Combretastatin A-4. These compounds were evaluated as potential tubulin polymerisation inhibitors and for their antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells. A number of the compounds showed potent activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, e.g., compound 10n (3-chloro-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-phenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one) and compound 11n (3,3-dichloro-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-azetidin-2-one), with IC50 values of 17 and 31 nM, respectively, and displayed comparable cellular effects to those of Combretastatin A-4. Compound 10n demonstrated minimal cytotoxicity against non-tumorigenic HEK-293T cells and inhibited the in vitro polymerisation of tubulin with significant G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Immunofluorescence staining of MCF-7 cells confirmed that β-lactam 10n caused a mitotic catastrophe by targeting tubulin. In addition, compound 10n promoted apoptosis by regulating the expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAX and anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1. Molecular docking was used to explore the potential molecular interactions between novel 3-chloro-β-lactams and the amino acid residues of the colchicine binding active site cavity of β-tubulin. Collectively, these results suggest that 3-chloro-2-azetidinones, such as compound 10n, could be promising lead compounds for further clinical anti-cancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.W.); (T.F.G.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Thomas F. Greene
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.W.); (T.F.G.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Niamh M. O’Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.W.); (T.F.G.); (N.M.O.)
| | - Darren Fayne
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.F.K.)
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Molecular Design Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (D.F.); (M.F.K.)
| | - Seema M. Nathwani
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.M.N.); (D.M.Z.)
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (B.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Thomas McCabe
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, 2 DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (B.T.); (T.M.)
| | - Daniela M. Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.M.N.); (D.M.Z.)
| | - Mary J. Meegan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, DO2R590 Dublin, Ireland; (S.W.); (T.F.G.); (N.M.O.)
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Weiner F, Schille JT, Koczan D, Wu XF, Beller M, Junghanss C, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Novel chemotherapeutic agent FX-9 activates NF-κB signaling and induces G1 phase arrest by activating CDKN1A in a human prostate cancer cell line. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:1088. [PMID: 34625047 PMCID: PMC8501574 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aminoisoquinoline FX-9 shows pro-apoptotic and antimitotic effects against lymphoblastic leukemia cells and prostate adenocarcinoma cells. In contrast, decreased cytotoxic effects against non-neoplastic blood cells, chondrocytes, and fibroblasts were observed. However, the actual FX-9 molecular mode of action is currently not fully understood. Methods In this study, microarray gene expression analysis comparing FX-9 exposed and unexposed prostate cancer cells (PC-3 representing castration-resistant prostate cancer), followed by pathway analysis and gene annotation to functional processes were performed. Immunocytochemistry staining was performed with selected targets. Results Expression analysis revealed 0.83% of 21,448 differential expressed genes (DEGs) after 6-h exposure of FX-9 and 0.68% DEGs after 12-h exposure thereof. Functional annotation showed that FX-9 primarily caused an activation of inflammatory response by non-canonical nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. The 6-h samples showed activation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A which might be involved in the secondary response in 12-h samples. This secondary response predominantly consisted of cell cycle-related changes, with further activation of CDKN1A and inhibition of the transcription factor E2F1, including downstream target genes, resulting in G1-phase arrest. Matching our previous observations on cellular level senescence signaling pathways were also found enriched. To verify these results immunocytochemical staining of p21 Waf1/Cip1 (CDKN1A), E2F1 (E2F1), PAI-1 (SERPNE1), and NFkB2/NFkB p 100 (NFKB2) was performed. Increased expression of p21 Waf1/Cip1 and NFkB2/NFkB p 100 after 24-h exposure to FX-9 was shown. E2F1 and PAI-1 showed no increased expression. Conclusions FX-9 induced G1-phase arrest of PC-3 cells through activation of the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A, which was initiated by an inflammatory response of noncanonical NF-κB signaling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08836-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Weiner
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - J T Schille
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - D Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute for Immunology, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - X-F Wu
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Beller
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - M Hewicker-Trautwein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - H Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center - Mecklenburg Vorpommern (CCC-MV), Campus Rostock, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - I Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
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MCDB: A comprehensive curated mitotic catastrophe database for retrieval, protein sequence alignment, and target prediction. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:3092-3104. [PMID: 34729303 PMCID: PMC8546929 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a form of programmed cell death induced by mitotic process disorders, which is very important in tumor prevention, development, and drug resistance. Because rapidly increased data for MC is vigorously promoting the tumor-related biomedical and clinical study, it is urgent for us to develop a professional and comprehensive database to curate MC-related data. Mitotic Catastrophe Database (MCDB) consists of 1214 genes/proteins and 5014 compounds collected and organized from more than 8000 research articles. Also, MCDB defines the confidence level, classification criteria, and uniform naming rules for MC-related data, which greatly improves data reliability and retrieval convenience. Moreover, MCDB develops protein sequence alignment and target prediction functions. The former can be used to predict new potential MC-related genes and proteins, and the latter can facilitate the identification of potential target proteins of unknown MC-related compounds. In short, MCDB is such a proprietary, standard, and comprehensive database for MC-relate data that will facilitate the exploration of MC from chemists to biologists in the fields of medicinal chemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics, oncology and so on. The MCDB is distributed on http://www.combio-lezhang.online/MCDB/index_html/.
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Key Words
- Data mining
- Database
- GO, Gene Ontology
- IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- InChI Key, International Chemical Identifier hash
- InChI, International Chemical Identifier
- MC, Mitotic Catastrophe
- MCDB, Mitotic Catastrophe Database
- Mitotic catastrophe
- PDB, Protein Data Bank
- PMID, PubMed identifier
- Protein sequence analysis
- PubChem, Public Chemistry
- PubMed, Public Medicine
- SMILES, Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry Specification
- Target prediction
- UniProt, Universal Protein Resource
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Fu X, Li M, Tang C, Huang Z, Najafi M. Targeting of cancer cell death mechanisms by resveratrol: a review. Apoptosis 2021; 26:561-573. [PMID: 34561763 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01689-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cell death is the utmost aim in cancer therapy. Anti-cancer agents can induce apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, or autophagy through the production of free radicals and induction of DNA damage. However, cancer cells can acquire some new properties to adapt to anti-cancer agents. An increase in the incidence of apoptosis, mitotic catastrophe, senescence, and necrosis is in favor of overcoming tumor resistance to therapy. Although an increase in the autophagy process may help the survival of cancer cells, some studies indicated that stimulation of autophagy cell death may be useful for cancer therapy. Using some low toxic agents to amplify cancer cell death is interesting for the eradication of clonogenic cancer cells. Resveratrol (a polyphenol agent) may affect various signaling pathways related to cell death. It can induce death signals and also downregulate the expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Resveratrol has also been shown to modulate autophagy and induce mitotic catastrophe and senescence in some cancer cells. This review focuses on the important targets and mechanisms for the modulation of cancer cell death by resveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Mu Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Cuilian Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China
| | - Zezhi Huang
- Shaoyang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Diagnosis, Shaoyang, 422000, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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