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Gu C, Fan X, Yu W. Functional Diversity of Mammalian Small Heat Shock Proteins: A Review. Cells 2023; 12:1947. [PMID: 37566026 PMCID: PMC10417760 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), whose molecular weight ranges from 12∼43 kDa, are members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family that are widely found in all organisms. As intracellular stress resistance molecules, sHSPs play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment under various stressful conditions. A total of 10 sHSPs have been identified in mammals, sharing conserved α-crystal domains combined with variable N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Unlike large-molecular-weight HSP, sHSPs prevent substrate protein aggregation through an ATP-independent mechanism. In addition to chaperone activity, sHSPs were also shown to suppress apoptosis, ferroptosis, and senescence, promote autophagy, regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, maintain membrane stability, control the direction of cellular differentiation, modulate angiogenesis, and spermatogenesis, as well as attenuate the inflammatory response and reduce oxidative damage. Phosphorylation is the most significant post-translational modification of sHSPs and is usually an indicator of their activation. Furthermore, abnormalities in sHSPs often lead to aggregation of substrate proteins and dysfunction of client proteins, resulting in disease. This paper reviews the various biological functions of sHSPs in mammals, emphasizing the roles of different sHSPs in specific cellular activities. In addition, we discuss the effect of phosphorylation on the function of sHSPs and the association between sHSPs and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Gu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada;
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China;
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2
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Lin PH, Huang KH, Tian YF, Lin CH, Chao CM, Tang LY, Hsieh KL, Chang CP. Exertional heat stroke on fertility, erectile function, and testicular morphology in male rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3539. [PMID: 33574487 PMCID: PMC7878509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of exertional heat stroke (EHS) and testicular morphological changes affecting sperm quality, as well as the association of EHS and hypothalamic changes affecting sexual behavior, has yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of EHS on fertility, erectile function, and testicular morphology in male rats. Animals were exercised at higher room temperature (36 ℃ relative humidity 50%) to induce EHS, characterized by excessive hyperthermia, neurobehavioral deficits, hypothalamic cell damage, systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, and multiple organ injury. In particular, EHS animals had erectile dysfunction (as determined by measuring the changes of intracavernosal pressure and mean arterial pressure in response to electrical stimulation of cavernous nerves). Rats also displayed testicular temperature disruption, poorly differentiated seminiferous tubules, impaired sperm quality, and atrophy of interstitial Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, and peri-tubular cells in the testicular tissues accompanied by no spermatozoa and broken cells with pyknosis in their seminal vesicle and prostatitis. These EHS effects were still observed after 3 days following EHS onset, at least. Our findings provide a greater understanding of the effect of experimentally induced EHS on masculine sexual behavior, fertility, stress hormones, and morphology of both testis and prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Da-An Women and Children Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hua Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Address: No. 901, Zhonghua Rd, Yongkang District, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Tian
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Lin
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Address: No. 901, Zhonghua Rd, Yongkang District, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Chao
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Tang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Address: No. 901, Zhonghua Rd, Yongkang District, Tainan, 710, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Address: No. 901, Zhonghua Rd, Yongkang District, Tainan, 710, Taiwan. .,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Address: No. 901, Zhonghua Rd, Yongkang District, Tainan, 710, Taiwan.
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Arun S, Chaiyamoon A, Lapyuneyong N, Bunsueb S, Wu ATH, Iamsaard S. Chronic stress affects tyrosine phosphorylated protein expression and secretion of male rat epididymis. Andrologia 2021; 53:e13981. [PMID: 33469986 DOI: 10.1111/and.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress (CS) is shown to decrease the semen quality with changed expression of tyrosine phosphorylated (TyrPho) proteins in testicular and seminal tissues. However, the alterations of such proteins and fluid contents in the epididymis, producing sperm maturation factors, have never been reported. Sixteen adult rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 8). The control animals were not subjected to stressors whereas CS rats were immobilised within restraint cage (4 hr/day) before cold forced-water swimming (15 min/day) for 60 days. Corticosterone, testosterone, blood glucose level (BGL), malondialdehyde (MDA) and biochemical components in epididymal fluid were assayed. Expressions of heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70), androgen receptor (AR) and TyrPho protein were investigated in epididymal tissue and fluid. Significantly, CS increased the corticosterone and BGL but decreased testosterone and epididymal substance levels. MDA level in tail epididymal fluid and HSP-70 expression in both regions of epididymal tissues and fluids, except in head epididymal fluid of CS were increased. Epididymal tissues showed the decrease of AR expression. Presence and changes of many TyrPho proteins were observed in CS. In conclusion, CS could affect functional proteins particularly TyrPho in epididymis, resulted in low semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatcharee Arun
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Arada Chaiyamoon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Natthapol Lapyuneyong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sudtida Bunsueb
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Alexander Tsang-Hsien Wu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP & HP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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4
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Abdelnour SA, Swelum AA, Abd El-Hack ME, Khafaga AF, Taha AE, Abdo M. Cellular and functional adaptation to thermal stress in ovarian granulosa cells in mammals. J Therm Biol 2020; 92:102688. [PMID: 32888576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Climate change represents a significant environmental challenge to human welfare. One of many negative impacts may be on animal reproduction. Elevated ambient temperature unfavourably influences reproductive processes in mammals. High temperature can affect reproductive processes such as follicle development and may alter follicular fluid concentrations of amino acids, fatty acids, minerals, enzymes, antioxidants defence and growth factors. These impacts may lead to inferior oocyte competence and abnormal granulosa cell (GCs) function. Mammalian oocytes are enclosed by GCs that secret hormones and signalling molecules to promote oocyte competence. GCs are essential for proper follicular development, oocyte maturation, ovulation, and luteinization. Many environmental stressors, including thermal stress, affect GC function and alter oocyte development and growth. Several studies documented a link between elevated ambient temperature and increased generation of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can damage DNA, reduce cell proliferation, and induce apoptosis in GCs, thus altering oocyte development. Additionally, thermal stress induces upregulation of thermal shock proteins, such as HSP70 and HSP90. This review provides an update on the influence of thermal stress on GCs of mammals. Discussions include impacts to steroidogenesis (estradiol and progesterone), proliferation and cell cycle transition, apoptosis, oxidative stress (ROS), antioxidants related genes, heat shock proteins (HSPs) and endoplasmic reticulum responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A Abdelnour
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ayman E Taha
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
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Boelens WC. Structural aspects of the human small heat shock proteins related to their functional activities. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:581-591. [PMID: 32253739 PMCID: PMC7332592 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01093-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins function as chaperones by binding unfolding substrate proteins in an ATP-independent manner to keep them in a folding-competent state and to prevent irreversible aggregation. They play crucial roles in diseases that are characterized by protein aggregation, such as neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases, but are also involved in cataract, cancer, and congenital disorders. For this reason, these proteins are interesting therapeutic targets for finding molecules that could affect the chaperone activity or compensate specific mutations. This review will give an overview of the available knowledge on the structural complexity of human small heat shock proteins, which may aid in the search for such therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilbert C Boelens
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry 284, Institute for Molecules and Materials (IMM), Radboud University, PO Box 9101, NL-6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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6
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Swelum AAA, Hashem NM, Abo-Ahmed AI, Abd El-Hack ME, Abdo M. The Role of Heat Shock Proteins in Reproductive Functions. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2020:407-427. [DOI: 10.1007/7515_2020_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Alemu TW, Pandey HO, Salilew Wondim D, Gebremedhn S, Neuhof C, Tholen E, Holker M, Schellander K, Tesfaye D. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress defense mechanisms of bovine granulosa cells exposed to heat stress. Theriogenology 2018; 110:130-141. [PMID: 29396041 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In most mammalian species including cattle, heat stress has detrimental effects on ovarian function through disturbing estradiol production and viability of granulosa cells. However, effect of heat stress and underlying cellular defense mechanisms of bovine granulosa cells is not fully understood. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of heat stress on granulosa cells function and the associated defense mechanism. For this an in vitro granulosa cell model was used to investigate the role of elevated temperature (41 °C) on granulosa cell functions at 24 h and 48 h exposure compared to the control cultured at 37 °C. The results showed that reactive oxygen species level was higher in cells under 41 °C at 24 h compared to control. In response to increased reactive oxygen species level, the expression of NRF2 and its antioxidant genes, CAT and PRDX1 were higher in bovine granulosa cells exposed to heat stress. Interestingly, heat stress markedly increased expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker genes; GRP78 and GRP94, in cultured bovine granulosa cells at 24 h, and higher protein accumulation of GRP78 accompanied by increased expression of apoptotic genes, BAX and CASPASE-3. Moreover, heat stress significantly decreased the bovine granulosa cells proliferation, which was supported by decreased in the expression of proliferation marker gene PCNA. All in all heat stress induce reactive oxygen species accumulation, apoptosis and reduced proliferation, which trigger the NRF2 mediated oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress response by bovine granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Wondie Alemu
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hari Om Pandey
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dessie Salilew Wondim
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Samuel Gebremedhn
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christiane Neuhof
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ernst Tholen
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Holker
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Schellander
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dawit Tesfaye
- Institute of Animal Science, Animal Breeding and Husbandry Group, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Zhao Y, Zhao J, Wang J, Wang J. Fluoride exposure changed the structure and the expressions of HSP related genes in testes of pubertal rats. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 184:1080-1088. [PMID: 28672688 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that fluoride exposure damaged the male reproductive function; however, the cellular mechanism of fluoride-induced testicular toxicity is still unclear. In this study, twenty-two female pregnant Wistar rats were allotted randomly to two groups: control (deionized water) and sodium fluoride (NaF, contain F-: 67.86 mg/L) groups. After delivery, the dosage was continued for 15 weeks for puppies. Twelve rats in each group were tested at 6 and 9 (pubertal); 12 and 15 (mature) weeks of age. Our results suggested that organ coefficient of epididymis was significantly decreased in the mature (12 and 15 week-old) rats. Epididymal sperm abnormality and femur fluoride concentration were increased with the concomitant decrease in sperm motility and concentration in these experimental periods. Compared to the control, in the NaF group, the seminiferous tubules of each age were reduced in terms of diameter and thickness. The sperm cells were lost and shedding and finally disappeared after 9 weeks. mRNA and protein levels of HSP27 and 90 were decreased with a concomitant increase in HSP70 and HSF mRNA and protein levels in NaF exposed rats. The mRNA and protein levels of HSP27 and HSF (only mRNA) were significantly increased in NaF treated rats at 9 and 15 weeks of age, respectively. In summary, these results emphasize that NaF induces testicular and sperm abnormalities through the involvement of HSPs especially during the pubertal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Jundong Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
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9
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Fan X, Xi H, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Li Q, He J. Germ cell apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in porcine testis under normal and heat stress conditions. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:198-204. [PMID: 28279507 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine whether an elevated ambient temperature (37-40°C) had an effect on the apoptosis of germ cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in porcine testis. Six boars were used. Three boars were subjected to an elevated ambient temperature (37-40°C, 7days, 3h per day) as a heat stress (HS) group. The other 3 boars were kept in a room temperature house (20-27°C) as a control group. All boars were castrated and the testes were harvested. TUNEL assay was used for the detection of apoptotic cells. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to analyze protein and mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in response to heat treatment. The results showed that apoptotic signals increased under heat stress conditions compared with the control (P<0.01), and the cell types most affected by heat treatment were spermatocytes and spermatids. In both the control and experimental groups, Bcl-2 was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and differentiating spermatids and Bcl-2 preferentially localized close to the seminiferous tubule's luminal surface in late spermatocytes and spermatids. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein and mRNA significantly increased in heat treatment group, while the expression levels of Bax protein and mRNA did not show significant changes between the control and experimental group. Low to moderate Bax immunoreactivity staining was observed in all kinds of germ cells in the control group. Strong staining was observed in spermatogonia, and low to moderate Bax staining was observed in spermatocytes and spermatids. A redistribution of Bax from a cytoplasmic to perinuclear or nuclear localization could be observed in the spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids obtained in the heat treated group. These results showed that elevated ambient temperatures induced germ cell apoptosis. In response to heat stress, the expression of Bcl-2 increased and a redistribution of Bax from a cytoplasmic to a perinuclear or nuclear localization. This indicates that Bcl-2 and Bax may be involved in regulation of germ cell apoptosis induced by heat stress in boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Fan
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Huaming Xi
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Yajun Liang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Qinghong Li
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Junping He
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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Xi H, Fan X, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Li Q, He J. Bax and Bcl-2 are involved in the apoptosis induced by local testicular heating in the boar testis. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:359-365. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Xi
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Science and Technology; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
| | - X Fan
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Science and Technology; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
| | - Z Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Science and Technology; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
| | - Y Liang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Science and Technology; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
| | - Q Li
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Science and Technology; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
| | - J He
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Science and Technology; Shanxi Agricultural University; Taigu Shanxi China
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Wang X, Liu F, Gao X, Liu X, Kong X, Wang H, Li J. Comparative proteomic analysis of heat stress proteins associated with rat sperm maturation. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3547-52. [PMID: 26936680 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress is demonstrated to have an effect on the function of the male testis, however, limited information has been reported on its effects on sperm maturation. In the present study, a comparative proteomic analysis was performed on the rat caput epididymal fluids responsible for sperm maturation, to identify key heat‑stress‑associated sperm maturation proteins. The results demonstrated 21 proteins corresponding to 29 differential protein spots, including 10 downregulated and 11 upregulated proteins in the heat treatment group. Functional analysis demonstrated that these proteins were primarily involved in enriched reproduction and antioxidant activity. Analysis of western blot and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the expression of antioxidant proteins peroxiredoxin 6 and clusterin were downregulated, and the expression of superoxide dismutase upregulated, in the heat treatment group. Morphological and TUNEL experiments demonstrated that altered nucleus activity occurred in the caput epididymis. The study provided, to the best of our knowledge, novel information for studies on the biological functions of the epididymis and sperm maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Fujun Liu
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Life Science, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Kong
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- Central Laboratory, Yantai Yu Huang Ding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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