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Acúrcio RC, Kleiner R, Vaskovich-Koubi D, Carreira B, Liubomirski Y, Palma C, Yeheskel A, Yeini E, Viana AS, Ferreira V, Araújo C, Mor M, Freund NT, Bacharach E, Gonçalves J, Toister-Achituv M, Fabregue M, Matthieu S, Guerry C, Zarubica A, Aviel-Ronen S, Florindo HF, Satchi-Fainaro R. Intranasal Multiepitope PD-L1-siRNA-Based Nanovaccine: The Next-Gen COVID-19 Immunotherapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2404159. [PMID: 39116324 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The first approved vaccines for human use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are nanotechnology-based. Although they are modular, rapidly produced, and can reduce disease severity, the currently available vaccines are restricted in preventing infection, stressing the global demand for novel preventive vaccine technologies. Bearing this in mind, we set out to develop a flexible nanovaccine platform for nasal administration to induce mucosal immunity, which is fundamental for optimal protection against respiratory virus infection. The next-generation multiepitope nanovaccines co-deliver immunogenic peptides, selected by an immunoinformatic workflow, along with adjuvants and regulators of the PD-L1 expression. As a case study, we focused on SARS-CoV-2 peptides as relevant antigens to validate the approach. This platform can evoke both local and systemic cellular- and humoral-specific responses against SARS-CoV-2. This led to the secretion of immunoglobulin A (IgA), capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, including variants of concern, following a heterologous immunization strategy. Considering the limitations of the required cold chain distribution for current nanotechnology-based vaccines, it is shown that the lyophilized nanovaccine is stable for long-term at room temperature and retains its in vivo efficacy upon reconstitution. This makes it particularly relevant for developing countries and offers a modular system adaptable to future viral threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Acúrcio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniella Vaskovich-Koubi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Bárbara Carreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Yulia Liubomirski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Carolina Palma
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Adva Yeheskel
- The Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Eilam Yeini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ana S Viana
- Center of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Vera Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Carlos Araújo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Michael Mor
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Natalia T Freund
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Eran Bacharach
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - João Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Mira Toister-Achituv
- Inter-Lab, a subsidiary of Merck KGaA, South Industrial Area, Yavne, 8122004, Israel
| | - Manon Fabregue
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, PHENOMIN, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Solene Matthieu
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, PHENOMIN, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Capucine Guerry
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, PHENOMIN, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Ana Zarubica
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, PHENOMIN, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Sarit Aviel-Ronen
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, 4070000, Israel
| | - Helena F Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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Wang S, Yan T, Zhang B, Chen Y, Li Z. Porphyromonas gingivalis Vaccine: Antigens and Mucosal Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:619. [PMID: 38932348 PMCID: PMC11209493 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium found in dental plaque biofilm within periodontal pockets, is the primary pathogenic microorganism responsible for chronic periodontitis. Infection by Pg significantly impacts the development and progression of various diseases, underscoring the importance of eliminating this bacterium for effective clinical treatment. While antibiotics are commonly used to combat Pg, the rise of antibiotic resistance poses a challenge to complete eradication. Thus, the prevention of Pg infection is paramount. Research suggests that surface antigens of Pg, such as fimbriae, outer membrane proteins, and gingipains, can potentially be utilized as vaccine antigens to trigger protective immune responses. This article overviews these antigens, discusses advancements in mucosal adjuvants (including immunostimulant adjuvants and vaccine-delivery adjuvants), and their application in Pg vaccine development. Furthermore, the review examines the advantages and disadvantages of different immune pathways and common routes of Pg vaccine immunization. By summarizing the current landscape of Pg vaccines, addressing existing challenges, and highlighting the potential of mucosal vaccines, this review offers new insights for the advancement and clinical implementation of Pg vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.W.); (T.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tong Yan
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.W.); (T.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Bingtao Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.W.); (T.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yixiang Chen
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.W.); (T.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Key Immunological Biomaterials, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; (S.W.); (T.Y.); (B.Z.); (Y.C.)
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Mardani R, Alavi A, Mousavi Nasab SD, Ahmadi N, Hossein Tehrani MJ, Shahali M, Doroud D. Immunogenicity of mannan derived from Mycobacterium bovis as a promising adjuvant in vaccine BCG. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:351-356. [PMID: 39005597 PMCID: PMC11245356 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i3.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Lipoarabinomannan is one of the components of the significant structural cell surfaces of mycobacteria and serves as an immunostimulatory factor. TNF-α and IL-12 are two examples of the anti-bacterial inflammatory cytokines that are activated and induced during infection. Materials and Methods In this study, mannan was extracted and processed, and then Bulb/c female mice were used in three groups, one group was given BCG vaccine, the other group was given BCG vaccine with mannan adjuvant, and a non-injected group was used as a control group. Inflammatory factors interleukin-12, TNF-α, IgG and IgM were measured in mouse serum. Results The levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-12 and TNF-α in the serum isolated from mice receiving the BCG vaccine with mannan adjuvant showed a significant difference compared to the group that received only the BCG vaccine and the control group [IL-12] and , with P≤0.05.The examination of the level of IgG immune factors in these three groups revealed a significant difference. The group that received the BCG vaccine with mannan adjuvant showed a marked contrast compared to the group that received only the BCG vaccine and the control group, with P≤0.05. The level of IgM was higher in the group that received the BCG vaccine alone compared to the adjuvant vaccine group and the control group, with P≤0.05. Conclusion Our results indicated that mice receiving the BCG vaccine with mannan adjuvant had significantly higher serum levels of IL-12, TNF-α, and IgG than the group receiving BCG alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajab Mardani
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ariana Alavi
- Department of Production, Bsc in Biotechnology Pharmaceutical and Drug Delivery System Labratoary, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehren, Iran
| | - Seyed Dawood Mousavi Nasab
- Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Ref Lab), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Department of Medical Lab Technology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Shahali
- Department of Viral Vaccines, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Doroud
- Department of Production, Research and Production Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Saleemi MA, Zhang Y, Zhang G. Current Progress in the Science of Novel Adjuvant Nano-Vaccine-Induced Protective Immune Responses. Pathogens 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38921739 PMCID: PMC11206999 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are vital as they protect us from various illness-causing agents. Despite all the advancements in vaccine-related research, developing improved and safer vaccines against devastating infectious diseases including Ebola, tuberculosis and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) remains a significant challenge. In addition, some of the current human vaccines can cause adverse reactions in some individuals, which limits their use for massive vaccination program. Therefore, it is necessary to design optimal vaccine candidates that can elicit appropriate immune responses but do not induce side effects. Subunit vaccines are relatively safe for the vaccination of humans, but they are unable to trigger an optimal protective immune response without an adjuvant. Although different types of adjuvants have been used for the formulation of vaccines to fight pathogens that have high antigenic diversity, due to the toxicity and safety issues associated with human-specific adjuvants, there are only a few adjuvants that have been approved for the formulation of human vaccines. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have gain specific attention and are commonly used as adjuvants for vaccine development as well as for drug delivery due to their excellent immune modulation properties. This review will focus on the current state of adjuvants in vaccine development, the mechanisms of human-compatible adjuvants and future research directions. We hope this review will provide valuable information to discovery novel adjuvants and drug delivery systems for developing novel vaccines and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoquan Zhang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, College of Sciences, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; (M.A.S.); (Y.Z.)
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Cui Y, Ho M, Hu Y, Shi Y. Vaccine adjuvants: current status, research and development, licensing, and future opportunities. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4118-4137. [PMID: 38591323 PMCID: PMC11180427 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02861e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines represent one of the most significant inventions in human history and have revolutionized global health. Generally, a vaccine functions by triggering the innate immune response and stimulating antigen-presenting cells, leading to a defensive adaptive immune response against a specific pathogen's antigen. As a key element, adjuvants are chemical materials often employed as additives to increase a vaccine's efficacy and immunogenicity. For over 90 years, adjuvants have been essential components in many human vaccines, improving their efficacy by enhancing, modulating, and prolonging the immune response. Here, we provide a timely and comprehensive review of the historical development and the current status of adjuvants, covering their classification, mechanisms of action, and roles in different vaccines. Additionally, we perform systematic analysis of the current licensing processes and highlights notable examples from clinical trials involving vaccine adjuvants. Looking ahead, we anticipate future trends in the field, including the development of new adjuvant formulations, the creation of innovative adjuvants, and their integration into the broader scope of systems vaccinology and vaccine delivery. The article posits that a deeper understanding of biochemistry, materials science, and vaccine immunology is crucial for advancing vaccine technology. Such advancements are expected to lead to the future development of more effective vaccines, capable of combating emerging infectious diseases and enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Megan Ho
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yongjie Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Zhang Y, Song Z, Zhang Z, Zhang T, Gu P, Feng Z, Xu S, Yang Y, Wang D, Liu Z. Preparation and characterization of pickering emulsion stabilized by lovastatin nanoparticles for vaccine adjuvants. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123901. [PMID: 38368969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
While research on mevalonate inhibitors as vaccine adjuvants has made great progress to enhance the effectiveness of the vaccine, co delivery of lovastatin and antigens (OVA) remains an enormous challenge. Here, we encapsulated lovastatin into PLGA nanoparticles. PLGA loading lovastatin was further emulsified with squalene to prepare Pickering emulsion. The emulsification conditions of Pickering emulsion were optimized, and the optimal preparation conditions were obtained. After loading lovastatin and OVA, the size and zeta potential of LS-PPAS/OVA was 1043.33 nm and -22.07 mv, the adsorption rate of OVA was 63.34 %. The adsorbing of LS-PLGA nanoparticles on the surface of squalene in Pickering emulsions was demonstrated by Fluorescent confocal microscopy. After immunization, LS-PPAS enhanced the activation of dendritic cells in lymph nodes, further study found LS-PPAS not only elicited elevated levels of OVA-specific IgG and its subtypes, but also promoted the secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 in serum as a marker of cellular immunity. Importantly, LS-PPAS showed sufficient security through monitoring levels of biochemical parameters in serum and pathological observation of organ following vaccinations. LS-PPAS may act as a promising vaccine carrier to produce strong humoral and cellular immunity with acceptable safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zuchen Song
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zian Feng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Deyun Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Zhenguang Liu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Rossi JF, Frayssinet P, Matciyak M, Tupitsyn N. Azoximer bromide and hydroxyapatite: promising immune adjuvants in cancer. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0222. [PMID: 38318840 PMCID: PMC10845929 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune adjuvants are immune modulators that have been developed in the context of infectious vaccinations. There is currently a growing interest in immune adjuvants due to the development of immunotherapy against cancers. Immune adjuvant mechanisms of action are focused on the initiation and amplification of the inflammatory response leading to the innate immune response, followed by the adaptive immune response. The main activity lies in the support of antigen presentation and the maturation and functions of dendritic cells. Most immune adjuvants are associated with a vaccine or incorporated into the new generation of mRNA vaccines. Few immune adjuvants are used as drugs. Hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics and azoximer bromide (AZB) are overlooked molecules that were used in early clinical trials, which demonstrated clinical efficacy and excellent tolerance profiles. HA combined in an autologous vaccine was previously developed in the veterinary field for use in canine spontaneous lymphomas. AZB, an original immune modulator derived from a class of heterochain aliphatic polyamines that is licensed in Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and Slovakia for infectious and inflammatory diseases, is and now being developed for use in cancer with promising results. These two immune adjuvants can be combined in various immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rossi
- Institut du Cancer Avignon-Provence, Sainte Catherine – Department of Hematology-Biotherapy, Avignon 84918, France
- University of Montpellier, UFR Médecine, Montpellier 34090, France
| | | | | | - Nikolai Tupitsyn
- Laboratory of Immunology of Hematopoiesis, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center (RCRC), Moscow 123112, Russia
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Takemasa E, Liu S. Production of Neutralizing Antibody. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2766:93-106. [PMID: 38270870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3682-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Techniques employing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are widely used in the initial development phase of biologics. The usefulness of mAbs in basic RA research has been established based on their characteristics, including specificity of binding, homogeneity, and ability to be produced on a large scale. MAb immunoglobulins are the starting material for the generation of smaller antibody fragments and other engineered immunomodulatory antibodies. In this chapter, the basic hybridoma technique, which is a well-established and feasible method for the production of mAbs involving animal immunization, cell fusion, hybridoma screening, expanding positive hybridomas, and purification, is introduced. Aiming at specific affinity to a membrane protein, synthetic proteoliposomes are used in the immunization and screening steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Takemasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Ehime, Japan.
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Miao S, Jing Q, Wang X, Zheng W, Liu H, Tang L, Wang X, Ren F. Immuno-Enhancing Effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 Liposomes on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:183-193. [PMID: 38015447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The adjuvant is essential for vaccines because it can enhance or directly induce a strong immune response associated with vaccine antigens. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) had immunomodulatory effects but was limited by poor solubility and hemolysis. In this study, Rh2 liposomes (Rh2-L) were prepared by ethanol injection methods. The Rh2-L effectively dispersed in a double emulsion adjuvant system to form a Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W) emulsion and had no hemolysis. The physicochemical properties of the adjuvants were tested, and the immune activity and auxiliary effects indicated by the Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMDV) antigen were evaluated. Compared with the mice vaccinated with the FMD vaccine prepared with the double emulsion adjuvant alone, those with the FMD vaccine prepared with the double emulsion adjuvant containing Rh2-L had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titer and splenocyte proliferation rates and showed higher cellular and humoral immune responses. The results demonstrated that Rh2-L could further enhance the immune effect of the double emulsion adjuvant against Foot-and-Mouth Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiya Miao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qiufang Jing
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuanyu Wang
- Shanghai Baoshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201901, China
| | - Wenyun Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liusiqi Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Fuzheng Ren
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Jiang M, Pang N, Wang J, Li Z, Xu D, Jing J, Chen D, Li F, Ding J, Li Q. Characteristics of Serum Autoantibody Repertoire and Immune Subgroup Variation of Tuberculosis-Associated Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2023; 18:2867-2886. [PMID: 38075560 PMCID: PMC10710255 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s434601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Studying the potential etiology and pathogenesis of tuberculosis-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (TOPD) from an autoimmunity perspective may provide insights into peripheral blood autoantibodies and immune cells, as well as their interactions. Methods This study examined the serum autoantibody repertoire in healthy individuals, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and TOPD patients using the HuProtTM protein chip. Autoantigens in the peripheral blood of TOPD patients were verified using ELISA assay. Various epitopes and immune simulation were predicted using bioinformatic methods. Flow cytometry was employed to detect macrophages(Mφ), T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the peripheral blood. Results COPD patients displayed distinct alterations in their IgG and IgM autoantibodies compared to the other groups. GeneOntology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses revealed that these autoantibodies were associated with regulating macrophages, T cells, and B cells. ELISA results confirmed the upregulation of expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 antigen (MAPK3), and threonine protein kinase 1 antigen (AKT1) proteins in the peripheral blood of TOPD patients. Bioinformatic analysis predicted multiple potential epitopes in Th, CTL, and B cells. Immune simulation results demonstrated that PCNA, MAPK3, and AKT1 can activate innate and adaptive immune responses and induce the expression of different cytokines, such as IFN-g and IL-2. Furthermore, data obtained from flow cytometry assay revealed an upregulation in the face of Th1 cells in the peripheral blood of TOPD patients. Conclusion Tuberculosis infection can effectively induce autoimmune responses, contributing to increased expression of Th1 cells and associated cytokines, ultimately leading to immune dysregulation. Furthermore, the accumulation of pulmonary inflammatory response facilitates the progression of TOPD and is helpful for the clinical diagnosis and the development of targeted therapeutic drugs for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - NanNan Pang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Xu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Jing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Chen
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengsen Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Research, Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianbing Ding
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qifeng Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Pediatrics, Xinjiang Hospital of Beijing Children’s Hospital, Children’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China
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Heidary R, Nikbakht Brujeni G, Lotfi M, Hajizadeh A, Yousefi AR. A Comparative Study of the Effects of Al(OH) 3 and AlPO 4 Adjuvants on the Production of Neutralizing Antibodies (NAbs) against Bovine parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (BPIV3) in Guinea Pigs. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2023; 78:1779-1786. [PMID: 38828184 PMCID: PMC11139405 DOI: 10.32592/ari.2023.78.6.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum-containing adjuvants are extensively used in inactive human and animal vaccines owing to their favorable immunostimulatory and safe properties. Nonetheless, there is controversy over the effects of different aluminum salts as an adjuvant for the bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) vaccine. In order to find a suitable adjuvant, we studied the effects of two adjuvants (i.e., aluminum hydroxide [Al(OH)3] and aluminum potassium sulfate [AlPO4]) on the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) for an experimental BPIV3 vaccine. The animals under study (Guinea pigs) were randomly assigned to five groups of experimental vaccines containing Al(OH)3 (AH), AlPO4 (AP), Al(OH)3-AlPO4 mixture (MIX), commercial vaccine (COM), and control (NS). The treatment groups were immunized with two doses of vaccine 21 days apart (on days 0 and 21), and the control group received normal saline under the same conditions. The animals were monitored for 42 days, and blood samples were then taken. The results indicated that all vaccines were able to induce the production of NAbs at levels higher than the minimum protective titer (0.6). An increase in titer was observed throughout the monitoring period. Moreover, an increase in both the level and mean titer of NAbs obtained from the vaccine containing Al(OH)3 adjuvant was significantly higher than in the other studied groups (P≤0.005). The comparison of NAbs titer in other groups did not display a significant difference. Considering the speed of rising and the optimal titer of NAbs production in the experimental vaccine, the Al(OH)3 adjuvant is a suitable candidate for preparing a vaccine against BPIV3 for immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Heidary
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Nikbakht Brujeni
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Lotfi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - A Hajizadeh
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - A R Yousefi
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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Zhang T, Aipire A, Li Y, Guo C, Li J. Antigen cross-presentation in dendric cells: From bench to bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115758. [PMID: 37866002 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross-presentation (XPT) is an adaptation of the cellular process in which dendritic cells (DCs) present exogenous antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules for recognition of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells, resulting in immunity or tolerance. Recent advances in DCs have broadened our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of XPT and strengthened their application in tumor immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the known mechanisms of XPT, including the receptor-mediated internalization of exogenous antigens, endosome escape, engagement of the other XPT-related proteins, and adjuvants, which significantly enhance the XPT capacity of DCs. Consequently, various strategies to enhance XPT can be adopted and optimized to improve outcomes of DC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Adila Aipire
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yijie Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Changying Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Jinyao Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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Narayan B, Verma SK, Singh S, Gupta MK, Kumar S. Protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis in combination with TLR4 or TLR5 agonist confers superior protection against lethal challenge in mouse model. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105183. [PMID: 37437686 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The immunogenicity and protective ability of recombinant PA (rPA) with two innate immune system modulators, i.e., monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a TLR4 agonist, and recombinant flagellin C (FliC), a TLR5 agonist, were studied in the mouse model. BALB/c mice were inoculated with three doses of rPA + alum (Alum group), rPA + FliC + alum (FliC group), rPA + MPLA + alum (MPLA group), or only alum adjuvant (Alum alone group). Significant increases in anti-PA IgG titers were observed in the Alum, FliC and MPLA groups when compared to control Alum alone group. Similarly, a significant enhancement of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β), Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-12(p70), IL-2) and Th2 (IL-10, IL-4) cytokines were also noticed in Alum, FliC and MPLA groups compared to Alum alone group. The rPA-specific IgG and cytokine responses in MPLA and FliC groups were significantly higher than the Alum group, suggesting enhancement of immune response by these TLR agonists. MPLA was also found to skew the IgG1:IgG2a ratio towards IgG2a. At a challenge dose of 25 LD50, complete protection was observed in mice of MPLA group whereas lesser protection was observed in FliC (87%) and Alum (50%) groups. Therefore, we suggest the use of MPLA in further development of rPA based anthrax vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bineet Narayan
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Developmental Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Verma
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Developmental Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Developmental Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India
| | - Mahendra K Gupta
- School of Studies in Botany and Microbiology, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, India
| | - Subodh Kumar
- Microbiology Division, Defence Research & Developmental Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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Khan S, Aziz S, Waqas M, Kakar MA, Ahmad S. Targeted vaccine development against Bilophila wadsworthia to curb colon diseases: A multiepitope approach based on reverse vaccinology and computational analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126002. [PMID: 37506789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of excessive hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing bacteria, particularly Bilophila wadsworthia in appendices, is linked to a weaker colonic mucus barrier, inflammatory bowel disease, and colorectal cancer. Thus, targeting this bacterium could reduce sulfide levels and address associated health concerns. Here, we utilized reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics to design a chimeric vaccine against B. wadsworthia, focusing on membrane-bound and extracellular proteins. Subtractive proteome analysis identified 18 potential vaccine candidates (PVCs), from which six B-cell, eight CD8+ T cell, and six CD4+ T cell epitopes were predicted. Chosen epitopes were assessed for immunological properties and cross-reactivity with human and mouse proteomes. Subsequently, these epitopes were fused with appropriate linkers, PADRE epitope, TAT peptide, and Cholera Toxin B subunit adjuvant to form a robust multi-epitope vaccine (MEV). The MEV's tertiary structure was modelled and validated for reliable analysis. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations demonstrated stable binding of MEV with Toll-like receptor 4. The MEV showed favorable physicochemical characteristics, high expression potential in Escherichia coli, broad population coverage (∼98 %), and cross-protection against different B. wadsworthia strains. Immune simulation suggested induction of strong B and T cell responses, including primary, secondary, and tertiary immune responses. Further experimental studies are necessary to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Shahkaar Aziz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology and genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz 616, Nizwa, Oman
| | | | - Sohail Ahmad
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.
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15
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Acharya S, Lee A, Kim H, Kim HJ, Choi Y. Requirements for anti-aquaporin 5 autoantibody production in a mouse model. Mol Oral Microbiol 2023; 38:442-453. [PMID: 37718989 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Several oral bacteria, including Prevotella melaninogenica (Pm), have aquaporin (AQP) proteins homologous to human AQP5, a major water channel protein targeted in Sjogren's syndrome. This study aimed to understand the antigenic characteristics that induce autoantibodies against an AQP5 "E" epitope (AQP5E) in a mouse model using C57BL/6 mice. Immunization with a PmE-L peptide derived from Pm AQP, which contains amino acid mismatches both at the B- and T-cell epitopes, efficiently induced anti-AQP5E autoantibodies accompanied by increased germinal center (GC) B and follicular helper T cells in the draining lymph nodes. However, PmE, a peptide lacking a T-cell epitope, and AQP5E-L, an AQP5-derived self-peptide, hardly induced either anti-AQP5E autoantibodies or GC responses. Surprisingly, OTII-AQP5E, a peptide that replaced the self T-cell epitope of AQP5E-L with an ovalbumin-derived foreign T-cell epitope, was not any better than AQP5E-L in the induction of anti-AQP5E autoantibodies and GC response, despite the substantial expansion of CD4+ T cells and production of anti-OTII-AQP5E antibodies. The complex of biotinylated PmE-L peptide and highly immunogenic streptavidin (SA) induced a strong extrafollicular B-cell response skewed toward the expansion of SA-specific B cells. However, the expansion of AQP5E-specific GC B cells was limited, resulting in the inefficient induction of anti-AQP5E autoantibodies. Collectively, our results have demonstrated that anti-AQP5E autoantibody production is only allowed when foreign B- and T-cell epitopes drive a strong GC response of AQP5E-specific B cells for affinity maturation. This study helps explain why cross-reactive anti-AQP5 autoantibodies are not produced during the immune response to Pm in most healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabin Acharya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Lee
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jin Kim
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Zhou H, Ma Y, Liu F, Li B, Qiao D, Ren P, Wang M. Current advances in cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 for solid cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1255799. [PMID: 37731507 PMCID: PMC10508181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1255799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
New York-esophageal cancer 1 (NY-ESO-1) belongs to the cancer testis antigen (CTA) family, and has been identified as one of the most immunogenic tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) among the family members. Given its ability to trigger spontaneous humoral and cellular immune response and restricted expression, NY-ESO-1 has emerged as one of the most promising targets for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer vaccines, an important element of cancer immunotherapy, function by presenting an exogenous source of TAA proteins, peptides, and antigenic epitopes to CD4+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and to CD8+ T cells via major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). These mechanisms further enhance the immune response against TAAs mediated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and helper T cells. NY-ESO-1-based cancer vaccines have a history of nearly two decades, starting from the first clinical trial conducted in 2003. The current cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 have various types, including Dendritic cells (DC)-based vaccines, peptide vaccines, protein vaccines, viral vaccines, bacterial vaccines, therapeutic whole-tumor cell vaccines, DNA vaccines and mRNA vaccines, which exhibit their respective benefits and obstacles in the development and application. Here, we summarized the current advances in cancer vaccines targeting NY-ESO-1 for solid cancer treatment, aiming to provide perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yipeng Ma
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fenglan Liu
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongjuan Qiao
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peigen Ren
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Innovation Immunotechnology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Research and Development, Shenzhen Institute for Innovation and Translational Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Dias Assis BR, Gomes IP, de Castro JT, Rivelli GG, de Castro NS, Gomez-Mendoza DP, Bagno FF, Hojo-Souza NS, Chaves Maia AL, Lages EB, da Fonseca FG, Ribeiro Teixeira SM, Fernandes AP, Gazzinelli RT, Castro Goulart GA. Quality attributes of CTVad1, a nanoemulsified adjuvant for phase I clinical trial of SpiN COVID-19 vaccine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023; 18:1175-1194. [PMID: 37712604 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop, characterize and evaluate an oil/water nanoemulsion with squalene (CTVad1) to be approved as an adjuvant for the SpiN COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials. Materials & methods: Critical process parameters (CPPs) of CTVad1 were standardized to meet the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of an adjuvant for human use. CTVad1 and the SpiN-CTVad1 vaccine were submitted to physicochemical, stability, in vitro and in vivo studies. Results & conclusion: All CQAs were met in the CTVad1 production process. SpiN- CTVad1 met CQAs and induced high levels of antibodies and specific cellular responses in in vivo studies. These results represented a critical step in the process developed to meet regulatory requirements for the SpiN COVID-19 vaccine clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rodrigues Dias Assis
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pereira Gomes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Júlia Teixeira de Castro
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Graziella Gomes Rivelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Natália Salazar de Castro
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Diana Paola Gomez-Mendoza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Flávia Fonseca Bagno
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Natália Satchiko Hojo-Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Chaves Maia
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Burgarelli Lages
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
| | - Flávio Guimaraes da Fonseca
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Department of Clinical & Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30190-002, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gisele Assis Castro Goulart
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31310-260, Brazil
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Hendricksen AT, Ezzatpour S, Pulukuri AJ, Ryan AT, Flanagan TJ, Frantz W, Buchholz DW, Ortega V, Monreal IA, Sahler JM, Nielsen AE, Aguilar HC, Mancini RJ. Thermophobic Trehalose Glycopolymers as Smart C-Type Lectin Receptor Vaccine Adjuvants. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202918. [PMID: 37002787 PMCID: PMC11212414 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, this work reports the first synthetic vaccine adjuvants that attenuate potency in response to small, 1-2 °C changes in temperature about their lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Adjuvant additives significantly increase vaccine efficacy. However, adjuvants also cause inflammatory side effects, such as pyrexia, which currently limits their use. To address this, a thermophobic vaccine adjuvant engineered to attenuate potency at temperatures correlating to pyrexia is created. Thermophobic adjuvants are synthesized by combining a rationally designed trehalose glycolipid vaccine adjuvant with thermoresponsive poly-N-isoporpylacrylamide (NIPAM) via reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The resulting thermophobic adjuvants exhibit LCSTs near 37 °C, and self-assembled into nanoparticles with temperature-dependent sizes (90-270 nm). Thermophobic adjuvants activate HEK-mMINCLE and other innate immune cell lines as well as primary mouse bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). Inflammatory cytokine production is attenuated under conditions mimicking pyrexia (above the LCST) relative to homeostasis (37 °C) or below the LCST. This thermophobic behavior correlated with decreased adjuvant Rg is observed by DLS, as well as glycolipid-NIPAM shielding interactions are observed by NOESY-NMR. In vivo, thermophobic adjuvants enhance efficacy of a whole inactivated influenza A/California/04/2009 virus vaccine, by increasing neutralizing antibody titers and CD4+ /44+ /62L+ lung and lymph node central memory T cells, as well as providing better protection from morbidity after viral challenge relative to unadjuvanted control vaccine. Together, these results demonstrate the first adjuvants with potency regulated by temperature. This work envisions that with further investigation, this approach can enhance vaccine efficacy while maintaining safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Hendricksen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Shahrzad Ezzatpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Anunay J Pulukuri
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Austin T Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Tatum J Flanagan
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - William Frantz
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - David W Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Victoria Ortega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Isaac A Monreal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Julie M Sahler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Amy E Nielsen
- Astante Therapeutics Inc., 120 N Pine Street, Suite 270A, Spokane, WA, 99202, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, 618 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Rock J Mancini
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, 1470 NE College Ave, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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19
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Kumari A, Singh K. Preventive role of cinnamaldehyde against tenuazonic acid- and Freund's adjuvant-induced histopathological and biochemical alterations in the mouse model. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1159881. [PMID: 37426034 PMCID: PMC10325827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1159881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was designed to assess the protective role of cinnamaldehyde (Cin) against the synergistic effect of tenuazonic acid (TeA) and Freund's adjuvant on different organs of Swiss albino mice. Methods TeA was administered singly and in combination with Freund's adjuvant intra-peritoneally. The mice were divided into control (vehicle treated), mycotoxicosis-induced (MI) groups, and treatment groups. The route of administration of TeA was intra-peritoneal. The treatment group (FAICT) received Cin orally as a protective agent against TeA-induced mycotoxicosis. The effects on performance, differential leukocyte counts (DLC), and pathological measurements in eight organs (liver, lungs, kidney, spleen, stomach, heart, brain, and testis) were taken into consideration. Results The body weight and feed consumption decreased significantly in the MI groups, which were reversed in the FAICT group. The necropsy observations revealed an increase in the relative organ-to-body weight percentage in the MI groups, which was restored to normal in the FAICT group. Freund's adjuvant enhanced the effects of TeA on DLC. The antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT decreased, while MDA increased in the MI groups. Caspase-3 activity was reduced in all organs and remained stable in the treatment group. TeA elevated the ALT concentration in the liver and kidneys and the AST in the liver, kidney, heart, and brain tissues. The oxidative stress induced by TeA in the MI groups was ameliorated in the treatment group. Histopathological observations consisted of NASH, pulmonary oedema and fibrosis, renal crystals and inflammation, splenic hyperplasia, gastric ulceration and cyst, cerebral axonopathy, testicular hyperplasia, and vacuolation in the MI groups. However, no such pathology was recorded in the treatment group. Discussions Thus, it can be concluded that the toxicity of TeA was found to be enhanced when combined with Freund's adjuvant. However, Cin exhibited promising protective effects against TeA + Freund's adjuvant toxicity and reverted the pathological alterations caused by them. Additionally, this study emphasizes Freund's adjuvant's ability to increase mycotoxicity rather than just acting as an immunopotentiator.
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20
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Dinata R, Baindara P. Laterosporulin25: A probiotically produced, novel defensin-like bacteriocin and its immunogenic properties. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110500. [PMID: 37352569 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple vaccines have been developed against infectious diseases, the rapid emergence of new pathogens develops an urgent need for novel strategies to combat infectious diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are excellent agents to fight against infectious diseases having unique multiple mechanisms of action against various pathogens. Apart from the direct applications, AMPs can also be developed as subunit vaccines or could be used as a highly immunogenic carrier protein with highly antigenic but non-immunogenic antigens. Here in the present study, we have identified a novel defensin-like bacteriocin, laterosporulin25 (LS25) upon genome mining of Brevibacillus laterosporus DSM25, a probiotic bacterial strain. By using immunoinformatic tools, we have studied the immunogenic and physiochemical properties of LS25. LS25 is characterized as defensin-like bacteriocin, having 51 amino acids and a molecular weight of 5862.7 Da. The modeled tertiary structure of LS25 is docked with TLR3 and TLR4-MD2 complex to confirm the facilitation of induced immune response that is further validated using molecular dynamics simulations and In-silico immune stimulations. Overall, detailed immunoinformatics analysis suggested LS25 as a potential candidate to be used as an adjuvant or carrier protein for subunit vaccine development, however, further in-vitro and in-vivo experiments are essential to validate its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Dinata
- Department of Zoology, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram 796004, India
| | - Piyush Baindara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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21
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Gao Y, Guo Y. Research progress in the development of natural-product-based mucosal vaccine adjuvants. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152855. [PMID: 37090704 PMCID: PMC10113501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal vaccines have great potential and advantages in preventing infection caused by multiple pathogens. In developing mucosal vaccines, the biggest challenge comes from finding safe and effective adjuvants and drug delivery systems. Great progress has been made in the generation of mucosal adjuvants using detoxified bacterial toxin derivatives, pathogen-related molecules, cytokines, and various vaccine delivery systems. However, many problems, relating to the safety and efficacy of mucosal vaccine adjuvants, remain. Certain natural substances can boost the immune response and thus could be used as adjuvants in vaccination. These natural-product-based immune adjuvants have certain advantages over conventional adjuvants, such as low toxicity, high stability, and low cost of production. In this review, we summarize the latest natural-product-based immune adjuvants, and discuss their properties and clinical applications.
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22
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Xekouki K, Lagopati N, Demetzos C, Gazouli M, Pippa N. A mini review for lipid-based nanovaccines: from their design to their applications. J Liposome Res 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36856671 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2023.2170408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Nanovaccines have shown to be effective, and this is the reason they are preferred than conventional vaccines. The scope of this review is to describe the role, mechanisms, and advantages of nano vaccines based on lipids, and present the most important types, their physicochemical characteristics, as well as their challenges. The most important categories of lipid nano-vaccines are liposomal nano vaccines and (virus-lipid nanoparticles (NPs)/virosomes. Examples of vaccine formulations from each category are presented and analyzed below, focusing on their structure and physicochemical characteristics. In all cases, a nanoscale platform is used, enriched with adjuvants, antigens, and other helping agents to trigger immune response process and achieve cell targeting, and eventually immunity against the desired disease. The exact mechanism of action of each vaccine is not always completely known or understood. Physicochemical characteristics, such as particle size, morphology/shape, and zeta potential are also mentioned as they seem to affect the properties and mechanism of action of the vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Xekouki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nefeli Lagopati
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Costas Demetzos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Laboratory of Biology, Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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23
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Nasal sprays for treating COVID-19: a scientific note. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:249-265. [PMID: 36848033 PMCID: PMC9969373 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical management of COVID-19 has been a daunting task. Due to the lack of specific treatment, vaccines have been regarded as the first line of defence. Innate responses and cell-mediated systemic immunity, including serum antibodies, have been the primary focus of practically all studies of the immune response to COVID-19. However, owing to the difficulties encountered by the conventional route, alternative routes for prophylaxis and therapy became the need of the hour. The first site invaded by SARS-CoV-2 is the upper respiratory tract. Nasal vaccines are already in different stages of development. Apart from prophylactic purposes, mucosal immunity can be exploited for therapeutic purposes too. The nasal route for drug delivery offers many advantages over the conventional route. Besides offering a needle-free delivery, they can be self-administered. They present less logistical burden as there is no need for refrigeration. The present article focuses on various aspects of nasal spray for eliminating COVID-19.
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24
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Diupotex M, Zamora-Chimal J, Cervantes-Sarabia RB, Salaiza-Suazo N, Becker I. Alpha-galactosylceramide as adjuvant induces protective cell-mediated immunity against Leishmania mexicana infection in vaccinated BALB/c mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 386:104692. [PMID: 36870122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvants represent a promising strategy to improve vaccine effectiveness against infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis. Vaccination with the invariant natural killer T cell ligand α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) has been used successfully as adjuvant, generating a Th1-biased immunomodulation. This glycolipid enhances experimental vaccination platforms against intracellular parasites including Plasmodium yoelii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present study, we assessed the protective immunity induced by a single-dose intraperitoneal injection of αGalCer (2 μg) co-administrated with a lysate antigen of amastigotes (100 μg) against Leishmania mexicana infection in BALB/c mice. The prophylactic vaccination led to 5.0-fold reduction of parasite load at the infection site, compared to non-vaccinated mice. A predominant pro-inflammatory response was observed in challenged vaccinated mice, represented by a 1.9 and 2.8-fold-increase of IL-1β and IFN-γ producing cells, respectively, in the lesions, and by 23.7-fold-increase of IFN-γ production in supernatants of restimulated splenocytes, all compared to control groups. The co-administration of αGalCer also stimulated the maturation of splenic dendritic cells and modulated a Th1-skewed immune response, with high amounts of IFN-γ production in serum. Furthermore, peritoneal cells of αGalCer-immunized mice exhibited an elevated expression of Ly6G and MHCII. These findings indicate that αGalCer improves protection against cutaneous leishmaniasis, supporting evidence for its potential use as adjuvant in Leishmania-vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Diupotex
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocely Buenaventura Cervantes-Sarabia
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Norma Salaiza-Suazo
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, C.P. 04510 Ciudad de México, México.
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25
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Rzymski P, Szuster-Ciesielska A, Dzieciątkowski T, Gwenzi W, Fal A. mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections? J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28572. [PMID: 36762592 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID-19 are the first authorized biological preparations developed using this platform. During the pandemic, their administration has been proven to be a life-saving intervention. Here, we review the main advantages of using mRNA vaccines, identify further technological challenges to be met during the development of the mRNA platform, and provide an update on the clinical progress on leading mRNA vaccine candidates against different viruses that include influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah virus, Zika virus, human cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus. The prospects and challenges of manufacturing mRNA vaccines in low-income countries are also discussed. The ongoing interest and research in mRNA technology are likely to overcome some existing challenges for this technology (e.g., related to storage conditions and immunogenicity of some components of lipid nanoparticles) and enhance the portfolio of vaccines against diseases for which classical formulations are already authorized. It may also open novel pathways of protection against infections and their consequences for which no safe and efficient immunization methods are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.,Integrated Science Association (ISA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Szuster-Ciesielska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Willis Gwenzi
- Alexander von Humboldt Fellow & Guest Professor, Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, Universität Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany.,Alexander von Humboldt Fellow & Guest Professor, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andrzej Fal
- Collegium Medicum, Warsaw Faculty of Medicine, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Public Health, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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26
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Kovalenko A, Ryabchevskaya E, Evtushenko E, Nikitin N, Karpova O. Recombinant Protein Vaccines against Human Betacoronaviruses: Strategies, Approaches and Progress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1701. [PMID: 36675218 PMCID: PMC9863728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Betacoronaviruses have already troubled humanity more than once. In 2002-2003 and 2012, the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively, caused outbreaks of respiratory syndromes with a fatal outcome. The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has become a pandemic. These three coronaviruses belong to the genus Betacoronavirus and have a zoonotic origin. The emergence of new coronavirus infections in the future cannot be ruled out, and vaccination is the main way to prevent the spread of the infection. Previous experience in the development of vaccines against SARS and MERS has helped to develop a number of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 in a fairly short time. Among them, there are quite a few recombinant protein vaccines, which seem to be very promising in terms of safety, minimization of side effects, storage and transportation conditions. The problem of developing a universal betacoronavirus vaccine is also still relevant. Here, we summarize the information on the designing of vaccines based on recombinant proteins against highly pathogenic human betacoronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nikolai Nikitin
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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27
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Yang N, Jin X, Zhu C, Gao F, Weng Z, Du X, Feng G. Subunit vaccines for Acinetobacter baumannii. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1088130. [PMID: 36713441 PMCID: PMC9878323 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1088130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a gram-negative bacterium and a crucial opportunistic pathogen in hospitals. A. baumannii infection has become a challenging problem in clinical practice due to the increasing number of multidrug-resistant strains and their prevalence worldwide. Vaccines are effective tools to prevent and control A. baumannii infection. Many researchers are studying subunit vaccines against A. baumannii. Subunit vaccines have the advantages of high purity, safety, and stability, ease of production, and highly targeted induced immune responses. To date, no A. baumannii subunit vaccine candidate has entered clinical trials. This may be related to the easy degradation of subunit vaccines in vivo and weak immunogenicity. Using adjuvants or delivery vehicles to prepare subunit vaccines can slow down degradation and improve immunogenicity. The common immunization routes include intramuscular injection, subcutaneous injection, intraperitoneal injection and mucosal vaccination. The appropriate immunization method can also enhance the immune effect of subunit vaccines. Therefore, selecting an appropriate adjuvant and immunization method is essential for subunit vaccine research. This review summarizes the past exploration of A. baumannii subunit vaccines, hoping to guide current and future research on these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenghua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenglin Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheqi Weng
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingran Du
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Xingran Du, ; Ganzhu Feng,
| | - Ganzhu Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Xingran Du, ; Ganzhu Feng,
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28
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Matsumura N, Shiro R, Tsunoda I. Critical evaluation on roles of macrophagic myofasciitis and aluminum adjuvants in HPV vaccine-induced adverse events. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:1218-1228. [PMID: 36601818 PMCID: PMC10067403 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, which is preventable by HPV vaccines. In Japan, the HPV vaccination rate has remained extremely low due to the concerns for alleged neuropsychological symptoms or "diverse symptoms" following injections of two HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, in HPV vaccine lawsuits. In the lawsuits, the attorneys' group has used several manuscripts proposing that aluminum (Al) adjuvant contained in HPV vaccines causes an immune-mediated disease, called macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF), as well as pathology in the central nervous system (CNS). We scientifically evaluated these manuscripts describing the "Al adjuvant-induced pathologies," particularly MMF. Although MMF patients have been reported to develop clinical symptoms/signs in various organs, including the CNS, muscle biopsy of the patients and animal experiments demonstrated that MMF pathology was localized only at the injected muscle. No muscle pathology which characterizes MMF was observed in any other muscles; thus, the systemic and neurological signs of MMF cases were irrelevant to localized MMF pathology. We evaluated that MMF-like pathology was induced as a local inflammatory response following vaccinations; MMF pathology was not the cause of systemic inflammation or "diverse symptoms." Lastly, MMF cases have been reported after vaccinations with Al-hydroxide-containing vaccines exclusively. As Al-hydroxide is a component of Cervarix, but not Gardasil, "diverse symptoms" following two HPV vaccinations in Japan cannot be explained by MMF. Our evaluation would help readers understand the validity of the manuscripts on the role of Al adjuvants or MMF for the alleged "diverse symptoms."
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriomi Matsumura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Reona Shiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Qiao Y, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Deng J, Chen A, Liu B, Zhang Y, Pan T, Zhang W, Zhang H, He X. Pam2CSK4-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 RBD nanoparticle vaccine induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:992062. [PMID: 36569949 PMCID: PMC9780597 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.992062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global COVID-19 pandemic continues and new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern emerge, vaccines remain an important tool for preventing the pandemic. The inactivated or subunit vaccines themselves generally exhibit low immunogenicity, which needs adjuvants to improve the immune response. We previously developed a receptor binding domain (RBD)-targeted and self-assembled nanoparticle to elicit a potent immune response in both mice and rhesus macaques. Herein, we further improved the RBD production in the eukaryote system by in situ Crispr/Cas9-engineered CHO cells. By comparing the immune effects of various Toll-like receptor-targeted adjuvants to enhance nanoparticle vaccine immunization, we found that Pam2CSK4, a TLR2/6 agonist, could mostly increase the titers of antigen-specific neutralizing antibodies and durability in humoral immunity. Remarkably, together with Pam2CSK4, the RBD-based nanoparticle vaccine induced a significant Th1-biased immune response and enhanced the differentiation of both memory T cells and follicular helper T cells. We further found that Pam2CSK4 upregulated migration genes and many genes involved in the activation and proliferation of leukocytes. Our data indicate that Pam2CSK4 targeting TLR2, which has been shown to be effective in tuberculosis vaccines, is the optimal adjuvant for the SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticle vaccine, paving the way for an immediate clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Qiao
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yikang Zhan
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyi Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Achun Chen
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingfeng Liu
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Pan
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Center for Infection and Immunity Study, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangjian Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,*Correspondence: Xin He, ; Hui Zhang,
| | - Xin He
- Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pathogen Biology and Biosecurity, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xin He, ; Hui Zhang,
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30
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Du Y, Hu X, Miao L, Chen J. Current status and development prospects of aquatic vaccines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040336. [PMID: 36439092 PMCID: PMC9684733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases are a significant impediment to aquaculture's sustainable and healthy growth. The aquaculture industry is suffering significant financial losses as a result of the worsening water quality and increasing frequency of aquatic disease outbreaks caused by the expansion of aquaculture. Drug control, immunoprophylaxis, ecologically integrated control, etc. are the principal control strategies for fish infections. For a long time, the prevention and control of aquatic diseases have mainly relied on the use of various antibiotics and chemical drugs. However, long-term use of chemical inputs not only increases pathogenic bacteria resistance but also damages the fish and aquaculture environments, resulting in drug residues in aquatic products, severely impeding the development of the aquaculture industry. The development and use of aquatic vaccines are the safest and most effective ways to prevent aquatic animal diseases and preserve the health and sustainability of aquaculture. To give references for the development and implementation of aquatic vaccines, this study reviews the development history, types, inoculation techniques, mechanisms of action, development prospects, and challenges encountered with aquatic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Liang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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31
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Harnessing Nasal Immunity with IgA to Prevent Respiratory Infections. IMMUNO 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is a primary checkpoint for the invasion of respiratory pathogens. Numerous pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, etc., can adhere/colonize nasal lining to trigger an infection. Secretory IgA (sIgA) serves as the first line of immune defense against foreign pathogens. sIgA facilitates clearance of pathogenic microbes by intercepting their access to epithelial receptors and mucus entrapment through immune exclusion. Elevated levels of neutralizing IgA at the mucosal surfaces are associated with a high level of protection following intranasal immunizations. This review summarizes recent advances in intranasal vaccination technology and challenges in maintaining nominal IgA levels at the mucosal surface. Overall, the review emphasizes the significance of IgA-mediated nasal immunity, which holds a tremendous potential to mount protection against respiratory pathogens.
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32
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Aziz S, Almajhdi FN, Waqas M, Ullah I, Salim MA, Khan NA, Ali A. Contriving multi-epitope vaccine ensemble for monkeypox disease using an immunoinformatics approach. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1004804. [PMID: 36311762 PMCID: PMC9606759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1004804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The current global outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) disease, caused by Monkeypox virus (MPXV), has resulted in 16 thousand infection cases, five deaths, and has been declared a global health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. Given current challenges in the safety of existing vaccines, a vaccine to prevent MPX infection and/or onset of symptoms would significantly advance disease management. In this context, a multi-epitope-based vaccine could be a well-suited approach. Herein, we searched a publicly accessible database (Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource) for MPXV immune epitopes from various antigens. We prioritized a group of epitopes (10 CD8+ T cells and four B-cell epitopes) using a computer-aided technique based on desirable immunological and physicochemical properties, sequence conservation criteria, and non-human homology. Three multi-epitope vaccines were constructed (MPXV-1–3) by fusing finalized epitopes with the aid of appropriate linkers and adjuvant (beta-defensin 3, 50S ribosomal protein L7/L12, and Heparin-binding hemagglutinin). Codon optimization and in silico cloning in the pET28a (+) expression vector ensure the optimal expression of each construct in the Escherichia Coli system. Two and three-dimensional structures of the constructed vaccines were predicted and refined. The optimal binding mode of the construct with immune receptors [Toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4)] was explored by molecular docking, which revealed high docking energies of MPXV-1–TLR3 (–99.09 kcal/mol), MPXV-2–TLR3 (–98.68 kcal/mol), and MPXV-3–TLR2 (–85.22 kcal/mol). Conformational stability and energetically favourable binding of the vaccine-TLR2/3 complexes were assessed by performing molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations (Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area method). In silico immune simulation suggested that innate, adaptive, and humoral responses will be elicited upon administration of such potent multi-epitope vaccine constructs. The vaccine constructs are antigenic, non-allergen, non-toxic, soluble, topographically exposed, and possess favourable physicochemical characteristics. These results may help experimental vaccinologists design a potent MPX vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahkaar Aziz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Nasser Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Biotechnology and genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Waqas, ; Amjad Ali,
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adil Salim
- Microbiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nasir Ali Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Muhammad Waqas, ; Amjad Ali,
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Kwak HW, Hong SH, Park HJ, Park HJ, Bang YJ, Kim JY, Lee YS, Bae SH, Yoon H, Nam JH. Adjuvant effect of IRES-based single-stranded RNA on melanoma immunotherapy. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1041. [PMID: 36199130 PMCID: PMC9533600 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adjuvant therapies such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are usually given after cancer surgery to improve the survival of cancer patients. However, despite advances in several adjuvant therapies, they are still limited in the prevention of recurrences. Methods We evaluated the immunological effects of RNA-based adjuvants in a murine melanoma model. Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) were constructed based on the cricket paralysis virus (CrPV) internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Populations of immune cells in bone marrow cells and lymph node cells following immunization with CrPVIRES-ssRNA were determined using flow cytometry. Activated cytokine levels were measured using ELISA and ELISpot. The tumor protection efficacy of CrPVIRES-ssRNA was analyzed based on any reduction in tumor size or weight, and overall survival. Results CrPVIRES-ssRNA treatment stimulated antigen-presenting cells in the drain lymph nodes associated with activated antigen-specific dendritic cells. Next, we evaluated the expression of CD40, CD86, and XCR1, showing that immunization with CrPVIRES-ssRNA enhanced antigen presentation by CD8a+ conventional dendritic cell 1 (cDC1), as well as activated antigen-specific CD8 T cells. In addition, CrPVIRES-ssRNA treatment markedly increased the frequency of antigen-specific CD8 T cells and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) producing cells, which promoted immune responses and reduced tumor burden in melanoma-bearing mice. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the CrPVIRES-ssRNA adjuvant has potential for use in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Moreover, CrPVIRES-ssRNA possesses protective effects on various cancer cell models. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-10140-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Kwak
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.,, SML biopharm, Gyeonggi-do, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hee Hong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Jun Park
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.,, SML biopharm, Gyeonggi-do, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Bang
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.,, SML biopharm, Gyeonggi-do, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.,, SML biopharm, Gyeonggi-do, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sun Lee
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Hyeon Bae
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Yoon
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea. .,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 43-1 Yeokgok-dong, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea. .,BK Plus Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Bucheon, Republic of Korea. .,, SML biopharm, Gyeonggi-do, Gwangmyeong, Republic of Korea.
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Prochetto E, Borgna E, Jiménez-Cortegana C, Sánchez-Margalet V, Cabrera G. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and vaccination against pathogens. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1003781. [PMID: 36250061 PMCID: PMC9557202 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1003781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the immune system includes molecular and cellular components that play a role in regulating and suppressing the effector immune response in almost any process in which the immune system is involved. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are described as a heterogeneous population of myeloid origin, immature state, with a strong capacity to suppress T cells and other immune populations. Although the initial characterization of these cells was strongly associated with pathological conditions such as cancer and then with chronic and acute infections, extensive evidence supports that MDSCs are also involved in physiological/non-pathological settings, including pregnancy, neonatal period, aging, and vaccination. Vaccination is one of the greatest public health achievements and has reduced mortality and morbidity caused by many pathogens. The primary goal of prophylactic vaccination is to induce protection against a potential pathogen by mimicking, at least in a part, the events that take place during its natural interaction with the host. This strategy allows the immune system to prepare humoral and cellular effector components to cope with the real infection. This approach has been successful in developing vaccines against many pathogens. However, when the infectious agents can evade and subvert the host immune system, inducing cells with regulatory/suppressive capacity, the development of vaccines may not be straightforward. Notably, there is a long list of complex pathogens that can expand MDSCs, for which a vaccine is still not available. Moreover, vaccination against numerous bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi has also been shown to cause MDSC expansion. Increases are not due to a particular adjuvant or immunization route; indeed, numerous adjuvants and immunization routes have been reported to cause an accumulation of this immunosuppressive population. Most of the reports describe that, according to their suppressive nature, MDSCs may limit vaccine efficacy. Taking into account the accumulated evidence supporting the involvement of MDSCs in vaccination, this review aims to compile the studies that highlight the role of MDSCs during the assessment of vaccines against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Prochetto
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe capital, Argentina
| | - Eliana Borgna
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe capital, Argentina
| | - Carlos Jiménez-Cortegana
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Clinical Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe capital, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Gabriel Cabrera,
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Nazeam JA, Singab ANB. Immunostimulant plant proteins: Potential candidates as vaccine adjuvants. Phytother Res 2022; 36:4345-4360. [PMID: 36128599 PMCID: PMC9538006 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is shaking up global scientific structures toward addressing antibiotic resistance threats and indicates an urgent need to develop more cost-effective vaccines. Vaccine adjuvants play a crucial role in boosting immunogenicity and improving vaccine efficacy. The toxicity and adversity of most adjuvant formulations are the major human immunization problems, especially in routine pediatric and immunocompromised patients. The present review focused on preclinical studies of immunoadjuvant plant proteins in use with antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral vaccines. Moreover, this report outlines the current perspective of immunostimulant plant protein candidates that can be used by researchers in developing new generations of vaccine-adjuvants. Future clinical studies are required to substantiate the plant proteins' safety and applicability as a vaccine adjuvant in pharmaceutical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilan A. Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of PharmacyOctober 6 UniversityGizaEgypt
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Aziz S, Waqas M, Halim SA, Ali A, Iqbal A, Iqbal M, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Exploring whole proteome to contrive multi-epitope-based vaccine for NeoCoV: An immunoinformtics and in-silico approach. Front Immunol 2022; 13:956776. [PMID: 35990651 PMCID: PMC9382669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neo-Coronavirus (NeoCoV) is a novel Betacoronavirus (β-CoVs or Beta-CoVs) discovered in bat specimens in South Africa during 2011. The viral sequence is highly similar to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, particularly that of structural proteins. Thus, scientists have emphasized the threat posed by NeoCoV associated with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) usage, which could lead to a high death rate and faster transmission rate in humans. The development of a NeoCoV vaccine could provide a promising option for the future control of the virus in case of human infection. In silico predictions can decrease the number of experiments required, making the immunoinformatics approaches cost-effective and convenient. Herein, with the aid of immunoinformatics and reverse vaccinology, we aimed to formulate a multi-epitope vaccine that may be used to prevent and treat NeoCoV infection. Based on the NeoCoV proteins, B-cell, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL), and helper T lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes were shortlisted. Four vaccines (Neo-1-4) were devised by fusing shortlisted epitopes with appropriate adjuvants and linkers. The secondary and three-dimensional structures of final vaccines were then predicted. The binding interactions of these potential vaccines with toll-like immune receptors (TLR-2, TLR-3, and TLR-4) and major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC-I and II) reveal that they properly fit into the receptors' binding domains. Besides, Neo-1 and Neo-4 vaccines exhibited better docking energies of -101.08 kcal/mol and -114.47 kcal/mol, respectively, with TLR-3 as compared to other vaccine constructs. The constructed vaccines are highly antigenic, non-allergenic, soluble, non-toxic, and topologically assessable with good physiochemical characteristics. Codon optimization and in-silico cloning confirmed efficient expression of the designed vaccines in Escherichia coli strain K12. In-silico immune simulation indicated that Neo-1 and Neo-4 vaccines could induce a strong immune response against NeoCoV. Lastly, the binding stability and strong binding affinity of Neo-1 and Neo-4 with TLR-3 receptor were validated using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations (Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area method). The final vaccines require experimental validation to establish their safety and effectiveness in preventing NeoCoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahkaar Aziz
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa, Oman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Aqib Iqbal
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Maaz Iqbal
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Birkat-ul-Mouz, Nizwa, Oman
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Bian L, Zheng Y, Guo X, Li D, Zhou J, Jing L, Chen Y, Lu J, Zhang K, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Kong W. Intramuscular Inoculation of AS02-Adjuvanted Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) F Subunit Vaccine Shows Better Efficiency and Safety Than Subcutaneous Inoculation in BALB/c Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:938598. [PMID: 35935960 PMCID: PMC9354885 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.938598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously explored a panel of adjuvants formulated with pre-fusion RSV-F protein and found that AS02 may be a promising candidate adjuvant for developing RSV-F subunit vaccines with improved immunogenicity and desired immune response type. In this study, we performed a head-to-head comparison of the effect of intramuscular injection to that of subcutaneous injection on the immune response and protective efficacy of recombinant RSV-F subunit vaccine with or without adjuvants (Alhydrogel, squalene-based emulsion adjuvants MF59, AS03, and AS02) in BALB/c mice. After inoculations, antigen-specific antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, antibody subtypes, cytokines, and the persistence of immune response were evaluated. Moreover, challenge tests were also performed to illustrate the possible effect of inoculation routes and adjuvant on virus clearance and histochemistry changes in the lungs of mice. The results indicated that intramuscular inoculation is a more effective and antigen dose-sparing route to enhance the immune response, although subcutaneous inoculation induced faster and stronger IgG antibodies after the initial immunization. Furthermore, adjuvant, but not immunization route, is a more critical factor to affect the humoral/cellular immune response and the immune bias. In addition, adjuvant inoculated via the intramuscular route is safer than that via the subcutaneous route, especially for AS02. This study highlights the importance of the adjuvant and immunization routes in the design and clinical transformation of adjuvanted vaccines. Further investigation is needed to illustrate the mechanism underlying the above difference in both efficiency and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Bian
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linyao Jing
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingcai Lu
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key and Characteristic Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Department of Parasitology, Basic Medical College, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunlai Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; ; Chunlai Jiang,
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Zhang, ; ; Chunlai Jiang,
| | - Wei Kong
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Humanized Animal Models for Evaluation of Vaccines and Cell Therapy Products, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- R&D Center, Changchun BCHT Biotechnology Co., Changchun, China
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Advances in Infectious Disease Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10071120. [PMID: 35891284 PMCID: PMC9316175 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10071120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are one of the most significant medical interventions in the fight against infectious diseases. Since their discovery by Edward Jenner in 1796, vaccines have reduced the worldwide transmission to eradication levels of infectious diseases, including smallpox, diphtheria, hepatitis, malaria, and influenza. However, the complexity of developing safe and effective vaccines remains a barrier for combating many more infectious diseases. Immune stimulants (or adjuvants) are an indispensable factor in vaccine development, especially for inactivated and subunit-based vaccines due to their decreased immunogenicity compared to whole pathogen vaccines. Adjuvants are widely diverse in structure; however, their overall function in vaccine constructs is the same: to enhance and/or prolong an immunological response. The potential for adverse effects as a result of adjuvant use, though, must be acknowledged and carefully managed. Understanding the specific mechanisms of adjuvant efficacy and safety is a key prerequisite for adjuvant use in vaccination. Therefore, rigorous pre-clinical and clinical research into adjuvant development is essential. Overall, the incorporation of adjuvants allows for greater opportunities in advancing vaccine development and the importance of immune stimulants drives the emergence of novel and more effective adjuvants. This article highlights recent advances in vaccine adjuvant development and provides detailed data from pre-clinical and clinical studies specific to infectious diseases. Future perspectives into vaccine adjuvant development are also highlighted.
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Lupi GA, Santiago Valtierra FX, Cabrera G, Spinelli R, Siano ÁS, González V, Osuna A, Oresti GM, Marcipar I. Development of low-cost cage-like particles to formulate veterinary vaccines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2022; 251:110460. [PMID: 35901545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Low-cost adjuvants are urgently needed for the development of veterinary vaccines able to trigger strong immune responses. In this work, we describe a method to obtain a low-cost cage-like particles (ISCOMATRIX-like) adjuvant useful to formulate veterinary vaccines candidates. The main components to form the particles are lipids and saponins, which were obtained from egg yolk by ethanolic extraction and by dialyzing a non-refined saponins extract, respectively. Lipids were fully characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-chromatography (GC) and enzymatic methods, and saponins were characterized by TLC, HPLC and MALDI-TOF. Cage-like particles were prepared with these components or with commercial inputs. Both particles and the traditional Alum used in veterinary vaccines were compared by immunizing mice with Ovalbumin (OVA) formulated with these adjuvants and assessing IgG1, IgG2a anti OVA antibodies and specific Delayed-type Hypersensitivity (DTH). In the yolk extract, a mixture of phospholipids, cholesterol and minor components of the extract (e.g. lyso-phospholipids) with suitable proportions to generate cage-like particles was obtained. Also, semi-purified saponins with similar features to those of the QuilA® were obtained. Cage-like particles prepared with these components have 40-50 nm and triggers similar levels of Anti-OVA IgG1 and DTH than with commercial inputs but higher specific-IgG2a. Both adjuvants largely increased the levels of IgG1, IgG2a and DTH in relation to the formulation with Alum. The methods described to extract lipids from egg yolk and saponins from non-refined extract allowed us to obtain an inexpensive and highly effective adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana A Lupi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Florencia X Santiago Valtierra
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Roque Spinelli
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos - Departamento de Química Orgánica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Álvaro S Siano
- Laboratorio de Péptidos Bioactivos - Departamento de Química Orgánica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina
| | - Verónica González
- Grupo de Polímeros y Reactores de Polimerización, INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral, CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Antonio Osuna
- Grupo de Investigación en Bioquímica Molecular y Parasitología, Departamento de Parasitología, Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gerardo M Oresti
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina, Bioquímica y Farmacia (DBByF), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica (Facultad de Bioquímica y Cs Biológicas Universidad Nacional del Litoral) - Santa Fe - Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Bs.As., Argentina.
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Comparison of adjuvant properties of chitosan during oral and subcutaneous immunization of mice with BSA. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj94.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the best method to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, its disadvantages are side effects. Potentially safe DNA, RNA or protein molecules possess antigenic properties, but are low-immunogenic and therefore require conjugation with an adjuvant. The aim of the research was to evaluate Chitosan (CS) potency as an adjuvant and compare its effectiveness depending on the route of drug administration. The experiments were carried out on 3 groups of BALB/c mice. Mice of the first group were injected subcutaneously with 20 µl of a mixture of CS (3.3 mg/kg) and BSA (1.7 mg/kg). The mixture of CS and BSA at the same doses and volume was administered orally to mice of the second experimental group. The third group – control – unvaccinated mice. Anti-BSA antibody levels were measured by ELISA. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activity and cholesterol, creatinine and urea levels were determined in the serum. It was found that both subcutaneous and mucosal immunizations provided a 2-fold increase in anti-BSA antibody titers against the background of maintaining all biochemical blood parameters at the level of the physiological norm. However, AST activity in the serum of oral-immunized mice was elevated as compared to subcutaneous-immunized mice. Serum cholesterol level in the group of subcutaneously immunized mice and creatinine and urea levels in both experimental groups were reduced compared to the control. It is concluded that oral immunization with CS is the optimal route for antigen-specific IgG antibody response induction.
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Alarcon NO, Jaramillo M, Mansour HM, Sun B. Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines—Antigen Discovery and Adjuvant Delivery Platforms. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071448. [PMID: 35890342 PMCID: PMC9325128 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, vaccines have played a significant role in protecting public and personal health against infectious diseases and proved their great potential in battling cancers as well. This review focused on the current progress of therapeutic subunit vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. Antigens and adjuvants are key components of vaccine formulations. We summarized several classes of tumor antigens and bioinformatic approaches of identification of tumor neoantigens. Pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-targeting adjuvants and their targeted delivery platforms have been extensively discussed. In addition, we emphasized the interplay between multiple adjuvants and their combined delivery for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neftali Ortega Alarcon
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Maddy Jaramillo
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
| | - Heidi M. Mansour
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bo Sun
- Skaggs Pharmaceutical Sciences Center, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; (N.O.A.); (M.J.); (H.M.M.)
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-520-621-6420
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Badran G, Angrand L, Masson JD, Crépeaux G, David MO. Physico-chemical properties of aluminum adjuvants in vaccines: Implications for toxicological evaluation. Vaccine 2022; 40:4881-4888. [PMID: 35810062 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum salts have been used as adjuvants in human vaccines since 1932. The most used adjuvants are Al oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) and Al hydroxyphosphate (AlOHPO4). Al adjuvants have different physico-chemical properties. The differences in these properties are not well documented and not considered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), though they can largely influence biological effects of the adjuvants which are particulate components. In this study, different physico-chemical properties including the shape, size and charge of particles have been evaluated under different conditions in three Al adjuvants containing-vaccines and two corresponding commercial adjuvants suspensions. The results showed that the two Al adjuvants have different shapes, sizes and charges but both form aggregates. In addition, a clear effect of dilution on the size of the aggregates was observed. Moreover, different sizes of Al particles were measured for both Al oxyhydroxide adjuvant alone or in the vaccine, at identical concentrations, displaying the impact of adsorbed proteins on the size of aggregates in the case of the vaccine. Taken together, this paper suggests the importance to evaluate, before any biological and especially toxicological impact study, the whole physico-chemical properties of Al particle without restricting to the sole evaluation of the injected concentration. Furthermore, any modification of these mentioned parameters during manipulation, before animal or cell exposure, should be considered. In a more global way, the fixed "safe dose" of Al adjuvants should be specific for each type of Al adjuvant independently or for a mix of the two compounds, due to their different properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghidaa Badran
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Univ Evry, Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, U1204, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Loïc Angrand
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Masson
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Guillemette Crépeaux
- Univ Paris Est Créteil, INSERM, IMRB, F-94010 Créteil, France; EnvA, IMRB, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Marie-Odile David
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Univ Evry, Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, U1204, 91025 Evry, France.
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Belyaeva IV, Kosova AN, Vasiliev AG. Tuberculosis and Autoimmunity. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2022; 29:298-318. [PMID: 35736650 PMCID: PMC9228380 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology29020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a common and dangerous chronic bacterial infection worldwide. It is long-established that pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases is mainly promoted by inadequate immune responses to bacterial agents, among them Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a multifaceted process having many different outcomes and complications. Autoimmunity is one of the processes characteristic of tuberculosis; the presence of autoantibodies was documented by a large amount of evidence. The role of autoantibodies in pathogenesis of tuberculosis is not quite clear and widely disputed. They are regarded as: (1) a result of imbalanced immune response being reactive in nature, (2) a critical part of TB pathogenicity, (3) a beginning of autoimmune disease, (4) a protective mechanism helping to eliminate microbes and infected cells, and (5) playing dual role, pathogenic and protective. There is no single autoimmunity-mechanism development in tuberculosis; different pathways may be suggested. It may be excessive cell death and insufficient clearance of dead cells, impaired autophagy, enhanced activation of macrophages and dendritic cells, environmental influences such as vitamin D insufficiency, and genetic polymorphism, both of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host.
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Hernandez-Davies JE, Dollinger EP, Pone EJ, Felgner J, Liang L, Strohmeier S, Jan S, Albin TJ, Jain A, Nakajima R, Jasinskas A, Krammer F, Esser-Kahn A, Felgner PL, Nie Q, Davies DH. Magnitude and breadth of antibody cross-reactivity induced by recombinant influenza hemagglutinin trimer vaccine is enhanced by combination adjuvants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9198. [PMID: 35654904 PMCID: PMC9163070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of adjuvants for increasing the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines are well known. However, the effect of adjuvants on increasing the breadth of cross-reactivity is less well understood. In this study we have performed a systematic screen of different toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, with and without a squalene-in-water emulsion on the immunogenicity of a recombinant trimerized hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine in mice after single-dose administration. Antibody (Ab) cross-reactivity for other variants within and outside the immunizing subtype (homosubtypic and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity, respectively) was assessed using a protein microarray approach. Most adjuvants induced broad IgG profiles, although the response to a combination of CpG, MPLA and AddaVax (termed 'IVAX-1') appeared more quickly and reached a greater magnitude than the other formulations tested. Antigen-specific plasma cell labeling experiments show the components of IVAX-1 are synergistic. This adjuvant preferentially stimulates CD4 T cells to produce Th1>Th2 type (IgG2c>IgG1) antibodies and cytokine responses. Moreover, IVAX-1 induces identical homo- and heterosubtypic IgG and IgA cross-reactivity profiles when administered intranasally. Consistent with these observations, a single-cell transcriptomics analysis demonstrated significant increases in expression of IgG1, IgG2b and IgG2c genes of B cells in H5/IVAX-1 immunized mice relative to naïve mice, as well as significant increases in expression of the IFNγ gene of both CD4 and CD8 T cells. These data support the use of adjuvants for enhancing the breath and durability of antibody responses of influenza virus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Hernandez-Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Egest J Pone
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Jiin Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Li Liang
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Shirin Strohmeier
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sharon Jan
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Tyler J Albin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Avidity Biosciences, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Aarti Jain
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rie Nakajima
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Algimantas Jasinskas
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Aaron Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Philip L Felgner
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Qing Nie
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - D Huw Davies
- Vaccine Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
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de Miranda ALS, Lima SDA, Botelho AFM, Gomes Campos MT, Eckstein C, Minozzo JC, Chávez-Olórtegui CD, Soto-Blanco B. Protective Effectiveness of an Immunization Protocol Against the Toxic Effects of Loxosceles intermedia Venom in Rabbits. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852917. [PMID: 35711800 PMCID: PMC9195175 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loxosceles spp. (brown spiders) bites are responsible for the development of a syndrome consisting mainly of dermonecrotic lesions, and also systemic effects. Rabbits are one of the main experimental models used for better understanding the systemic and local effects of Loxosceles venom. The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic and protective effects of rabbits immunized with Loxosceles spp. venom. Male New Zealand rabbits were allocated as a control group (CG; n = 5) that received adjuvant (Montanide) and phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), or as venom group (VG; n = 5) that received 21 μg of Loxosceles venom using Montanide as adjuvant. After five immunization cycles, a trial with 7 μg of Loxosceles intermedia (L. intermedia) venom was performed, and dermonecrotic lesions were measured. The rabbits were then euthanized, and their organs were collected for histopathology analysis. Rabbits that had undergone Loxosceles venom immunization protocol showed minor clinical disturbances during the experimental period. The used immunization protocol protected the rabbits against the toxic effect of the Loxosceles venom because they showed minor clinical disturbances during the experimental period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Soares de Miranda
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Sabrina de Almeida Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Túlio Gomes Campos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Camila Eckstein
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João Carlos Minozzo
- Department of Health of the State of Paraná, Production and Research Center of Immunobiologicals, Piraquara, Brazil
| | - Carlos Delfin Chávez-Olórtegui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Benito Soto-Blanco
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Khorshidvand Z, Khosravi A, Mahboobian MM, Larki-Harchegani A, Fallah M, Maghsood AH. Novel naltrexone hydrochloride nanovaccine based on chitosan nanoparticles promotes induction of Th1 and Th17 immune responses resulting in protection against Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in a mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:962-972. [PMID: 35346684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to encapsulate and construct the Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen (SAG1) and naltrexone hydrochloride (NLT-HCL) as an adjuvant within chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) to develop efficacious vaccine against T. gondii. Seven groups of BALB/c mice were immunized with SAG1, chitosan (CS), NLT-SAG1, CS-SAG1, CS-SAG1-NLT, CS-NLT and PBS. The efficiency of each approach was detected in vivo mouse immunization. Moreover, the immuno-induction effect of SAG1 recombinant protein and CS-NPs-based NLT-HCL as an adjuvant in a vaccine delivery was evaluated. Experimentally, Th1/Th17 biased cellular and humoral immune responses were activated in the mice immunized with CS-SAG1-NLT nanoparticles that were accompanied by considerable increased production of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-12, IL-4, IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio, IgG, IgG2a. This group of mice also showed significantly increased survival time post-challenging. The successful encapsulated SAG1 recombinant protein and NLT-HCL, as an adjuvant, within CS-NPs can induce immune responses against toxoplasmosis. We could incorporate NLT-HCL adjuvant into the CS-NPs based delivery systems, which makes CS-NPs attractive as a colloidal carrier system for NLT-HCL as secondary adjuvant. This new approach or the simultaneous use of CS and NLT demonstrated that the co-administration of CS-NPs and NLT-HCL induce production of IL-17 cytokine. This approach can be used for vaccination purposes, in which Th17 and Th1 cellular immune are considered the key of the successful immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Khorshidvand
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Afra Khosravi
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Mahboobian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Larki-Harchegani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fallah
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Hossein Maghsood
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Facciolà A, Visalli G, Laganà A, Di Pietro A. An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050819. [PMID: 35632575 PMCID: PMC9147349 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinations are one of the most important preventive tools against infectious diseases. Over time, many different types of vaccines have been developed concerning the antigen component. Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. For many years, few adjuvants have been included in vaccines, with aluminium salts being the most commonly used adjuvant. However, recent research has focused its attention on many different new compounds with effective adjuvant properties and improved safety. Modern technologies such as nanotechnologies and molecular biology have forcefully entered the production processes of both antigen and adjuvant components, thereby improving vaccine efficacy. Microparticles, emulsions, and immune stimulators are currently in the spotlight for their huge potential in vaccine production. Although studies have reported some potential side effects of vaccine adjuvants such as the recently recognised ASIA syndrome, the huge worth of vaccines remains unquestionable. Indeed, the recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of vaccines, especially in regard to managing future potential pandemics. In this field, research into adjuvants could play a leading role in the production of increasingly effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Facciolà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppa Visalli
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
| | - Antonio Laganà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
- Multi-Specialist Clinical Institute for Orthopaedic Trauma Care (COT), 98124 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Di Pietro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (G.V.); (A.L.); (A.D.P.)
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de Miranda ALS, Antunes BC, Minozzo JC, Lima SDA, Botelho AFM, Campos MTG, Chávez-Olórtegui CD, Soto-Blanco B. Clinical Effects of the Immunization Protocol Using Loxosceles Venom in Naïve Horses. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:338. [PMID: 35622586 PMCID: PMC9148105 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14050338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bites of brown spiders (Loxosceles spp.) are responsible for dermonecrotic lesions and potentially systemic envenoming that can lead to death. The only effective therapy is the use of the antivenom, usually produced in horses. However, little is known about the consequences of the systematic use of the Loxosceles venom and adjuvants and of the bleedings on antivenom-producing horses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical changes in horses in their first immunization protocol for Loxosceles antivenom production. Eleven healthy horses, never immunized, were evaluated in three different periods: T0 (before immunization); T1 (after their first venom immunization); and T2 (after their first bleeding). Horses were clinically evaluated, sampled for blood, and underwent electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. Several suppurated subcutaneous abscesses occurred due to the use of Freund's adjuvants and thrombophlebitis due to systematic venipunctures for the bleeding procedures. ECG showed arrhythmias in few horses in T2, such as an increase in T and R waves. In summary, the immunization protocol impacted on horses' health, especially after bleeding for antivenom procurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Soares de Miranda
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.d.M.); (M.T.G.C.)
| | - Bruno Cesar Antunes
- Department of Health of the State of Paraná, Production and Research Center of Immunobiologicals, Piraquara 80230-140, PR, Brazil; (B.C.A.); (J.C.M.)
| | - João Carlos Minozzo
- Department of Health of the State of Paraná, Production and Research Center of Immunobiologicals, Piraquara 80230-140, PR, Brazil; (B.C.A.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Sabrina de Almeida Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (S.d.A.L.); (C.D.C.-O.)
| | - Ana Flávia Machado Botelho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
| | - Marco Túlio Gomes Campos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.d.M.); (M.T.G.C.)
| | - Carlos Delfin Chávez-Olórtegui
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (S.d.A.L.); (C.D.C.-O.)
| | - Benito Soto-Blanco
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Veterinary College, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30123-970, MG, Brazil; (A.L.S.d.M.); (M.T.G.C.)
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Xie D, Niu Y, Mu R, Campos de Souza S, Yin X, Dong L, Wang C. A Toll-like Receptor-Activating, Self-Adjuvant Glycan Nanocarrier. Front Chem 2022; 10:864206. [PMID: 35592309 PMCID: PMC9110926 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.864206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 highlights the importance of vaccination, which remains the most efficient measure against many diseases. Despite the progress in vaccine design, concerns with suboptimal antigen immunogenicity and delivery efficiency prevail. Self-adjuvant carriers–vehicles that can simultaneously deliver antigens and act as adjuvants–may improve efficacies in these aspects. Here, we developed a self-adjuvant carrier based on an acetyl glucomannan (acGM), which can activate toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and encapsulate the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) via a double-emulsion process. In vitro tests showed that these OVA@acGM-8k nanoparticles (NPs) enhanced cellular uptake and activated TLR2 on the surface of dendritic cells (DCs), with increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g. CD80 and CD86) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α and IL12p70). In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated that OVA@acGM-8k NPs accumulated in the lymph nodes and promoted DCs’ maturation. The immunization also boosted the humoral and cellular immune responses. Our findings suggest that this self-adjuvant polysaccharide carrier could be a promising approach for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daping Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ruoyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Senio Campos de Souza
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Wang, ; Lei Dong,
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Chunming Wang, ; Lei Dong,
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Mazumder S, Swank V, Dvorina N, Johnson JM, Tuohy VK. Formulation of an ovarian cancer vaccine with the squalene-based AddaVax adjuvant inhibits the growth of murine epithelial ovarian carcinomas. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2022; 11:163-172. [PMID: 35799868 PMCID: PMC9200654 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2022.11.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most lethal of all human gynecologic malignancies. We previously reported that vaccination of female mice with the extracellular domain of anti-Müllerian hormone receptor II (AMHR2-ED) in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) generates AMHR2-ED specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) that provides prevention and therapy against murine EOCs. Although CFA is the “gold standard” adjuvant in animal studies, it is not approved for human use because it often induces painful granulomas and abscesses. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify an alternative adjuvant to CFA for use in our ovarian cancer vaccine clinical trials. Materials and Methods Because it has been used successfully without serious adverse effects in numerous human clinical trials, we selected the IgG-inducing squalene-based adjuvant, AddaVax™, for evaluation of its ability to facilitate vaccine-induced prevention and treatment of EOC in mice. To this end, we immunized female C57BL/6 mice with recombinant mouse AMHR2-ED emulsified with either AddaVax or CFA as adjuvant and compared the results. Results We found that formulation of the AMHR2-ED vaccine with AddaVax adjuvant induced high serum titers of IgG and significant inhibition of EOC growth with significantly enhanced overall survival of mice using both prevention and therapeutic protocols. These results were compared favorably with results obtained using CFA as an adjuvant in the AMHR2-ED vaccine. Conclusion Our data indicate that the AMHR2-ED vaccine formulated with AddaVax may be used in human clinical trials and thereby serve as a novel and effective way to control human EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Mazumder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie Swank
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nina Dvorina
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin M Johnson
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincent K Tuohy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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