Stent Graft-in-Stent Graft as a Rescue Technique for Endovascular Treatment of Giant Extracranial Internal Carotid Aneurysm

Surgical repair of pseudoaneurysms and complex arteriovenous fistula between popliteal vessels

An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an abnormal and permanent communication between an artery and a vein caused by penetrating traumas or iatrogenic injuries. A penetrating trauma to the endothelial wall can lead to formation of pseudoaneurysms (PSA) and to formation of an AVF. Here, the authors present the case of a patient with a complex AVF of popliteal vessels, associated with popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm, suggested by clinical features and imaging exams, and treated with conventional surgery due to unavailability of a stent graft with appropriate diameter and because endovascular surgery isn’t provided at the service where this patient was operated.