1
|
Muñoz F, Fex M, Moritz T, Mulder H, Cataldo LR. Unique features of β-cell metabolism are lost in type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14148. [PMID: 38656044 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells play an essential role in the control of systemic glucose homeostasis as they sense blood glucose levels and respond by secreting insulin. Upon stimulating glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive tissues post-prandially, this anabolic hormone restores blood glucose levels to pre-prandial levels. Maintaining physiological glucose levels thus relies on proper β-cell function. To fulfill this highly specialized nutrient sensor role, β cells have evolved a unique genetic program that shapes its distinct cellular metabolism. In this review, the unique genetic and metabolic features of β cells will be outlined, including their alterations in type 2 diabetes (T2D). β cells selectively express a set of genes in a cell type-specific manner; for instance, the glucose activating hexokinase IV enzyme or Glucokinase (GCK), whereas other genes are selectively "disallowed", including lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1). This selective gene program equips β cells with a unique metabolic apparatus to ensure that nutrient metabolism is coupled to appropriate insulin secretion, thereby avoiding hyperglycemia, as well as life-threatening hypoglycemia. Unlike most cell types, β cells exhibit specialized bioenergetic features, including supply-driven rather than demand-driven metabolism and a high basal mitochondrial proton leak respiration. The understanding of these unique genetically programmed metabolic features and their alterations that lead to β-cell dysfunction is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of T2D pathophysiology and the development of innovative therapeutic approaches for T2D patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Muñoz
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Fex
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hindrik Mulder
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coppola T, Daziano G, Legroux I, Béraud-Dufour S, Blondeau N, Lebrun P. Unlocking Therapeutic Synergy: Tailoring Drugs for Comorbidities such as Depression and Diabetes through Identical Molecular Targets in Different Cell Types. Cells 2023; 12:2768. [PMID: 38067196 PMCID: PMC10706795 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the field of pharmacology aims to generate new treatments for pathologies. Nowadays, there are an increased number of chronic disorders that severely and durably handicap many patients. Among the most widespread pathologies, obesity, which is often associated with diabetes, is constantly increasing in incidence, and in parallel, neurodegenerative and mood disorders are increasingly affecting many people. For years, these pathologies have been so frequently observed in the population in a concomitant way that they are considered as comorbidities. In fact, common mechanisms are certainly at work in the etiology of these pathologies. The main purpose of this review is to show the value of anticipating the effect of baseline treatment of a condition on its comorbidity in order to obtain concomitant positive actions. One of the implications would be that by understanding and targeting shared molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions, it may be possible to tailor drugs that address both simultaneously. To this end, we firstly remind readers of the close link existing between depression and diabetes and secondly address the potential benefit of the pleiotropic actions of two major active molecules used to treat central and peripheral disorders, first a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Prozac ®) and then GLP-1R agonists. In the second part, by discussing the therapeutic potential of new experimental antidepressant molecules, we will support the concept that a better understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways targeted by pharmacological agents could lead to future synergistic treatments targeting solely positive effects for comorbidities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Coppola
- CNRS, IPMC, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France; (G.D.); (I.L.); (S.B.-D.); (N.B.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Patricia Lebrun
- CNRS, IPMC, Université Côte d’Azur, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560 Valbonne, France; (G.D.); (I.L.); (S.B.-D.); (N.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Roberts FL, Cataldo LR, Fex M. Monoamines' role in islet cell function and type 2 diabetes risk. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:1045-1058. [PMID: 37722934 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The two monoamines serotonin and melatonin have recently been highlighted as potent regulators of islet hormone secretion and overall glucose homeostasis in the body. In fact, dysregulated signaling of both amines are implicated in β-cell dysfunction and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serotonin is a key player in β-cell physiology and plays a role in expansion of β-cell mass. Melatonin regulates circadian rhythm and nutrient metabolism and reduces insulin release in human and rodent islets in vitro. Herein, we focus on the role of serotonin and melatonin in islet physiology and the pathophysiology of T2DM. This includes effects on hormone secretion, receptor expression, genetic variants influencing β-cell function, melatonin treatment, and compounds that alter serotonin availability and signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Louise Roberts
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Unit for Molecular Metabolism, SE-21428 Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Freyberg Z, Gittes GK. Roles of Pancreatic Islet Catecholamine Neurotransmitters in Glycemic Control and in Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Dysglycemia. Diabetes 2023; 72:3-15. [PMID: 36538602 PMCID: PMC9797319 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are essential for a myriad of functions throughout the central nervous system, including metabolic regulation. These molecules are also present in the pancreas, and their study may shed light on the effects of peripheral neurotransmission on glycemic control. Though sympathetic innervation to islets provides NE that signals at local α-cell and β-cell adrenergic receptors to modify hormone secretion, α-cells and β-cells also synthesize catecholamines locally. We propose a model where α-cells and β-cells take up catecholamine precursors in response to postprandial availability, preferentially synthesizing DA. The newly synthesized DA signals in an autocrine/paracrine manner to regulate insulin and glucagon secretion and maintain glycemic control. This enables islets to couple local catecholamine signaling to changes in nutritional state. We also contend that the DA receptors expressed by α-cells and β-cells are targeted by antipsychotic drugs (APDs)-some of the most widely prescribed medications today. Blockade of local DA signaling contributes significantly to APD-induced dysglycemia, a major contributor to treatment discontinuation and development of diabetes. Thus, elucidating the peripheral actions of catecholamines will provide new insights into the regulation of metabolic pathways and may lead to novel, more effective strategies to tune metabolism and treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Freyberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George K. Gittes
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haleem DJ. Nutritional importance of tryptophan for improving treatment in depression and diabetes. Nutr Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The importance of nutrients in our diet is becoming increasingly recognized. From the viewpoint of protein synthesis and other physiologic and metabolic functions, all amino acids are important, but some of these amino acids are not synthesized endogenously. This subset, called essential amino acids, comprise dietarily indispensable nutrients. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is the sole precursor of neuronal as well as peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). Its systemic or oral administration increases serotonin synthesis because tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-hydroxytryptamine biosynthesis, is physiologically unsaturated with its substrate. Central serotonin is implicated in a number of psychiatric illnesses, including depression, and in responses to stress. Acting peripherally, serotonin affects vasoconstriction, intestinal motility, control of T cell–mediated immunity, and liver and pancreatic functions. Depression and diabetes are 2 highly prevalent diseases that often coexist. There is evidence that occurrence of depression is 2–3 times higher in people with diabetes mellitus. A comorbid condition of diabetes and depression worsens the treatment and increases risk for death. Stress, known for its causal role in depression, can also enhance risk for diabetes. Stress-induced decreases in the circulating levels of tryptophan can impair brain and pancreatic serotonin-dependent functions to precipitate these diseases. The importance of tryptophan supplementation for improving therapeutic intervention in depression and diabetes is the focus of this article. A deficiency of this essential amino acid may enhance risk for depression as well as diabetes, and can also weaken treatment efficacy of medicinal compounds for treating these diseases. Guidelines for optimal levels of circulating tryptophan can help if supplements of this amino acid can improve treatment efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- University of Karachi Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, and the Department of Biochemistry, Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, , Karachi, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arige V, Agarwal A, Khan AA, Kalyani A, Natarajan B, Gupta V, Reddy SS, Barthwal MK, Mahapatra NR. Regulation of Monoamine Oxidase B Gene Expression: Key Roles for Transcription Factors Sp1, Egr1 and CREB, and microRNAs miR-300 and miR-1224. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:1127-1147. [PMID: 30738894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), a flavoenzyme located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is involved in the catabolism of monoamines. Altered levels of MAO-B are associated with cardiovascular/neuronal diseases. However, molecular mechanisms of MAO-B gene regulation are partially understood. We undertook a systematic analysis of the MAO-B gene to identify the key transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulatory molecules. Expression of MAO-B promoter-reporter constructs in cultured cells identified the -144/+25-bp domain as the core promoter region. Stringent in silico analysis of this core promoter predicted binding sites for several transcription factors. Over-expression/down-regulation of transcription factors Sp1/Egr1/CREB increased/decreased the MAO-B promoter-reporter activity and endogenous MAO-B protein level. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and ChIP assays provided evidence for interactions of Sp1/Egr1/CREB with the MAO-B promoter. MAOB transcript level also positively correlated with the transcript level of Sp1/Egr1/CREB in various human tissue samples. Computational predictions using multiple algorithms coupled with systematic functional analysis revealed direct interactions of the microRNAs miR-1224 and miR-300 with MAO-B 3'-UTR. Dopamine dose-dependently enhanced MAO-B transcript and protein levels via increased binding of CREB to MAO-B promoter and reduced miR-1224/miR-300 levels. 8-Bromo-cAMP and forskolin augmented MAO-B expression, whereas inhibition of PKA diminished the gene expression suggesting involvement of cAMP-PKA axis. Interestingly, Sp1/Egr1/CREB/miR-1224 levels correlate with MAO-B expression in rodent models of hypertension/MPTP-induced neurodegeneration, indicating their roles in governing MAO-B gene expression in these disease states. Taken together, this study elucidates the previously unknown roles of the transcription factors Sp1/Egr1/CREB and microRNAs miR-1224/miR-300 in regulating MAO-B gene expression under basal/disease states involving dysregulated catecholamine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Arige
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anshu Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Abrar A Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ananthamohan Kalyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Bhargavi Natarajan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vinayak Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Santosh Reddy
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manoj K Barthwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Nitish R Mahapatra
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cataldo LR, Suazo J, Olmos P, Bravo C, Galgani JE, Fex M, Martínez JA, Santos JL. Platelet Serotonin Levels Are Associated with Plasma Soluble Leptin Receptor Concentrations in Normoglycemic Women. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2714049. [PMID: 31192261 PMCID: PMC6525868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2714049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)) is synthetized in the gut with platelets being its main circulating reservoir. 5HT is acting as a hormone in key organs to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. However, the relation between platelet 5HT levels and traits related to glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in humans remains poorly explored. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the association between platelet 5HT levels and plasma concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and some adipokines including leptin and its soluble leptin receptor (sOb-R), (b) to assess the association between platelet 5HT levels and anthropometric traits and indexes of insulin secretion/sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and (c) to evaluate changes in platelet 5HT levels in response to OGTT. In a cross-sectional study, 59 normoglycemic women underwent a standard 2-hour OGTT. Plasma leptin, sOb-R, total and high molecular weight adiponectin, TNFα, and MCP1 were determined by immunoassays. Platelet 5HT levels and NEFAs were measured before and after OGTT. The free leptin index was calculated from leptin and sOb-R measurements. Insulin sensitivity indexes derived from OGTT (HOMA-S and Matsuda ISICOMP) and plasma NEFAs (Adipose-IR, Revised QUICKI) were also calculated. Our data show that among metabolic traits, platelet 5HT levels were associated with plasma sOb-R (r = 0.39, p = 0.003, corrected p = 0.018). Platelet 5HT levels were reduced in response to OGTT (779 ± 237 vs.731 ± 217 ng/109 platelets, p = 0.005). In conclusion, platelet 5HT levels are positively associated with plasma sOb-R concentrations and reduced in response to glucose intake possibly indicating a role of peripheral 5HT in leptin-mediated appetite regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - José Suazo
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bravo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José E. Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Malin Fex
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Navarra's Health Research Institute (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cataldo Bascuñan LR, Lyons C, Bennet H, Artner I, Fex M. Serotonergic regulation of insulin secretion. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13101. [PMID: 29791774 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The exact physiological role for the monoamine serotonin (5-HT) in modulation of insulin secretion is yet to be fully understood. Although the presence of this monoamine in islets of Langerhans is well established, it is only with recent advances that the complex signalling network in islets involving 5-HT is being unravelled. With more than fourteen different 5-HT receptors expressed in human islets and receptor-independent mechanisms in insulin-producing β-cells, our understanding of 5-HT's regulation of insulin secretion is increasing. It is now widely accepted that failure of the pancreatic β-cell to release sufficient amounts of insulin is the main cause of type 2 diabetes (T2D), an ongoing global epidemic. In this context, 5-HT signalling may be of importance. In fact, 5-HT may serve an essential role in regulating the release of insulin and glucagon, the two main hormones that control glucose and lipid homoeostasis. In this review, we will discuss past and current understanding of 5-HT's role in the endocrine pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L. R. Cataldo Bascuñan
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group; Stem Cell Centre; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - C. Lyons
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - H. Bennet
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - I. Artner
- Endocrine Cell Differentiation and Function Group; Stem Cell Centre; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - M. Fex
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö; Unit of Molecular Metabolism; Lund University Diabetes Centre; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Clinical Research Center; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
- Malmö University Hospital; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schommer J, Marwarha G, Nagamoto-Combs K, Ghribi O. Palmitic Acid-Enriched Diet Increases α-Synuclein and Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression Levels in the Mouse Brain. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:552. [PMID: 30127714 PMCID: PMC6087752 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Accumulation of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein and depletion of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra are hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Currently, α-syn is under scrutiny as a potential pathogenic factor that may contribute to dopaminergic neuronal death in PD. However, there is a significant gap in our knowledge on what causes α-syn to accumulate and dopaminergic neurons to die. It is now strongly suggested that the nature of our dietary intake influences both epigenetic changes and disease-related genes and may thus potentially increase or reduce our risk of developing PD. Objective: In this study, we determined the extent to which a 3 month diet enriched in the saturated free fatty acid palmitate (PA) influences levels of α-syn and tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis in mice brains. Methods: We fed the m-Thy1-αSyn (m-Thy1) mouse model for PD and its matched control, the B6D2F1/J (B6D2) mouse a PA-enriched diet or a normal diet for 3 months. Levels of α-syn, tyrosine hydroxylase, and the biogenic amines dopamine and dopamine metabolites, serotonin and noradrenaline were determined. Results: We found that the PA-enriched diet induces an increase in α-syn and TH protein and mRNA expression levels in m-Thy1 transgenic mice. We also show that, while it didn't affect levels of biogenic amine content in the B6D2 mice, the PA-enriched diet significantly reduces dopamine metabolites and increases the level of serotonin in m-Thy1 mice. Conclusion: Altogether, our results demonstrate that a diet rich in the saturated fatty acid palmitate can modulate levels of α-syn, TH, dopamine, and serotonin which all are proteins and neurochemicals that play key roles in increasing or reducing the risk for many neurodegenerative diseases including PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Schommer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Gurdeep Marwarha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Kumi Nagamoto-Combs
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| | - Othman Ghribi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cataldo LR, Mizgier ML, Bravo Sagua R, Jaña F, Cárdenas C, Llanos P, Busso D, Olmos P, Galgani JE, Santos JL, Cortés VA. Prolonged Activation of the Htr2b Serotonin Receptor Impairs Glucose Stimulated Insulin Secretion and Mitochondrial Function in MIN6 Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170213. [PMID: 28129327 PMCID: PMC5271329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Pancreatic β-cells synthesize and release serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine, 5HT); however, the role of 5HT receptors on glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and the mechanisms mediating this function is not fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine the expression profile of 5HT receptors in murine MIN6 β-cells and to examine the effects of pharmacological activation of 5HT receptor Htr2b on GSIS and mitochondrial function. Materials and Methods mRNA levels of 5HT receptors in MIN6 cells were quantified by RT qPCR. GSIS was assessed in MIN6 cells in response to global serotonergic activation with 5HT and pharmacological Htr2b activation or inhibition with BW723C86 or SB204741, respectively. In response to Htr2b activation also was evaluated the mRNA and protein levels of PGC1α and PPARy by RT-qPCR and western blotting and mitochondrial function by oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP cellular content. Results We found that mRNA levels of most 5HT receptors were either very low or undetectable in MIN6 cells. By contrast, Htr2b mRNA was present at moderate levels in these cells. Preincubation (6 h) of MIN6 cells with 5HT or BW723C86 reduced GSIS and the effect of 5HT was prevented by SB204741. Preincubation with BW723C86 increased PGC1α and PPARy mRNA and protein levels and decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP content in MIN6 cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that prolonged Htr2b activation in murine β-cells decreases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and mitochondrial activity by mechanisms likely dependent on enhanced PGC1α/PPARy expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodrigo Cataldo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María L. Mizgier
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Bravo Sagua
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabián Jaña
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Cárdenas
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, School of Odontology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Busso
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José E. Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- UDA-Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetic Program, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L. Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor A. Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|