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Zhao K, Wang X, Yue X, Lv J, Xu X, Lu H, Zuo J, Xu X, Chen B, Yuan S, Wang Q. A comprehensive physiological and -Omic analysis of trypsin-mediated protection of green pepper fruits from chilling injury. Food Chem 2024; 460:140547. [PMID: 39068792 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Chilling injury (CI) in green pepper fruits during low-temperature storage causes a significant decline in quality. The present study utilized physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to idneitfy the mechanisms by which trypsin mitigates CI in green peppers stored at 4 °C for 8 days, followed by 3 days of shelf life. Results indicated that the trypsin treatment significantly reduced electrolyte leakage and the CI index in peppers, effectively extending their shelf life and preserving postharvest quality. After 4 days of storage, comparative -omic analyses identified 2514 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 397 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) between trypsin-treated and control peppers. The trypsin treatment induced changes in sugar metabolism, modulating the expression of HK, SUS, INV, and GLGC, which affected the abundance of metabolites such as CDP-glucose and α-D-p-glucose. Trypsin also enhanced carotenoid metabolism, altering the abundance of rhodopinal glucoside, 1'-hydroxyl-γ-carotene glucoside, and farnesyl 1-PP, and influencing the expression of PDS, CRTH, CRTB, and LUT5. Notably, the trypsin treatment activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway that plays an integral role in the signal transduction of abiotic stress. Differential expression of FLS2, ELF18, PTO, PR1, PTI5, WPKY, MEKK1, and MPK6 genes in the MAPK pathway was observed, which was correlated with CI mitigation in green peppers during cold storage. In conclusion, trypsin is an effective treatment for reducing CI in green peppers during cold storage. The present study provides valuable insights into its physiological and molecular impact on green pepper fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xuanqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yue
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jieyu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaodi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hongshan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jinhua Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiangbin Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Shuzhi Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Postharvest Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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2
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Chen HJC, Hu SX, Tu CW. Multiple oxidative modifications on hemoglobin are elevated in breast cancer patients as measured by nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 252:116477. [PMID: 39321489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is strongly connected with elevated oxidative stress. Oxidative modifications of hemoglobin can serve as biomarkers for monitoring oxidative stress status in vivo. The structure of hemoglobin modifications derived from malondialdehyde (MDA) in human blood hemoglobin exists as N-propenal and dihydropyridine (DHP). This study reports the simultaneous quantification of eleven modified peptides in hemoglobin derived from MDA and advanced histidine oxidation in 16 breast cancer patients and 16 healthy women using nanoflow liquid chromatography nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The results reveal statistically significant increases in the formation of MDA-derived N-propenal and DHP of lysine and advanced oxidation of histidine in hemoglobin of breast cancer patients with the Mann-Whitney U-test p values < 0.0001 and the AUC of ROC between 0.9277 and 1.0. Furthermore, the elevation in modified peptides is significant in patients with early stages of breast cancer. By measuring these oxidative modifications in hemoglobin from a drop of blood, the role of lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in breast cancer can be assessed using this sensitive assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chiayi 62142, Taiwan.
| | - Shun-Xiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chiayi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Tu
- Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia‑Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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3
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Kojom JJW, Bogning CZ, Lappa EL, Sonfack CS, Kuinze AN, Etamé-Loé G, Dongmo AB. Antioxidant Properties and Vasorelaxant Mechanism of Aqueous Extract of Ricinodendron heudelotii (Euphorbiaceae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:3435974. [PMID: 39314543 PMCID: PMC11419840 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3435974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Ricinodendron heudelotii is a plant of the Euphorbiaceae family, used in traditional medicine to treat numerous diseases, including high blood pressure. The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and vasorelaxant effects of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of R. heudelotii. The pharmacological studies were carried out using the aqueous extract obtained by infusion. The antioxidant capacity of R. heudelotii was assessed by in vitro tests with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), iron-reducing capacity (FRAP), and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) release. In vitro studies, the aortic rings obtained from adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes were used to determine the vasorelaxant effects of the extract of R. heudelotii on the NO and prostacyclin (PGI2) pathways as well as its involvement on various potassium channels were determined on intact or naked fragments of rat aorta precontracted with phenylephrine (10-6 M) or KCl (60 mM). The aqueous extract of R. heudelotii exhibited a remarkable DPPH (EC50: 1.68 μg/mL) and ABTS (EC50: 106.30 μg/mL) and nitric oxide (53.71% inhibition at 1000 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities as well as reducing power (absorbance of 1.56 at 1000 μg/mL). The nitric oxide inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and prostacyclin inhibitor, indomethacin, significantly attenuated the vasodilatory effect of R. heudelotii. Tetraethylammonium could not inhibit the vasodilatory effect of the extract, unlike glibenclamide and barium chloride. Ricinodendron heudelotii extract possesses antioxidant properties and vasorelaxing effect linked to endothelium-related factors, and this relaxation was partially mediated mainly through the inhibition of Kir and KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquy Joyce Wanche Kojom
- Department of Animal Biology and PhysiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Calvin Zangueu Bogning
- Department of Animal Biology and PhysiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Edwige Laure Lappa
- Department of Animal Biology and PhysiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Christelle Stéphanie Sonfack
- Department of Animal Biology and PhysiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Augustine Nkojap Kuinze
- Department of Animal Biology and PhysiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Gisèle Etamé-Loé
- Department of Biological SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical ScienceUniversity of Douala, PO Box 2701, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Alain Bertrand Dongmo
- Department of Animal Biology and PhysiologyFaculty of SciencesUniversity of Douala, PO Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon
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Nagargoje AA, Deshmukh TR, Shaikh MH, Khedkar VM, Shingate BB. Anticancer perspectives of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin: A decade (2014-2024) review. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2400197. [PMID: 38895952 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs) represent structurally modified versions of curcumin. The existing literature indicates that MACs exhibit enhanced anticancer properties compared with curcumin. Numerous research articles in recent years have emphasized the significance of MACs as effective anticancer agents. This review focuses on the latest advances in the anticancer potential of MACs, from 2014 to 2024, including discussions on their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and in silico molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol A Nagargoje
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Khopoli Municipal Council College, Khopoli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tejshri R Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
| | - Mubarak H Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
- Department of Chemistry, Radhabai Kale Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay M Khedkar
- School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bapurao B Shingate
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Maharashtra, India
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5
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Cai Y, Zhu C, Lu S, Kang T, Chen S, Feng Z, Chen S. Arsenic sulfide enhances radiosensitivity in rhabdomyosarcoma via activating NFATc3-RAG1 mediated DNA double strand break (DSB). Chem Biol Interact 2024; 399:111149. [PMID: 39032852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) represents one of the most lethal soft-tissue sarcomas in children. The toxic trace element arsenic has been reported to function as a radiosensitizer in sarcomas. To investigate the role of arsenic sulfide (As4S4) in enhancing radiation sensitization in RMS, this study was conducted to elucidate its underlying mechanism in radiotherapy. The combination of As4S4 and radiotherapy showed significant inhibition in RMS cells, as demonstrated by the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry. Subsequently, we demonstrated for the first time that As4S4, as well as the knockdown of NFATc3 led to double-strand break (DSB) through increased expression of RAG1. In vivo experiment confirmed that co-treatment efficiently inhibited RMS growth. Furthermore, survival analysis of a clinical cohort consisting of 59 patients revealed a correlation between NFATc3 and RAG1 expression and overall survival (OS). Cox regression analysis also confirmed the independent prognostic significance of NFATc3 and RAG1.Taken together, As4S4 enhances radiosensitivity in RMS via activating NFATc3-RAG1 mediated DSB. NFATc3 and RAG1 are potential therapeutic targets. As4S4 will hopefully serve as a prospective radio-sensitizing agent for RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cai
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanying Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Shumin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuxian Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuowei Feng
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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Uzdrowska K, Knap N, Gulczynski J, Kuban-Jankowska A, Struck-Lewicka W, Markuszewski MJ, Bączek T, Izycka-Swieszewska E, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Chasing Graphene-Based Anticancer Drugs: Where are We Now on the Biomedical Graphene Roadmap? Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3973-3989. [PMID: 38711615 PMCID: PMC11073537 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s447397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene and graphene-based materials have attracted growing interest for potential applications in medicine because of their good biocompatibility, cargo capability and possible surface functionalizations. In parallel, prototypic graphene-based devices have been developed to diagnose, imaging and track tumor growth in cancer patients. There is a growing number of reports on the use of graphene and its functionalized derivatives in the design of innovative drugs delivery systems, photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy, and as a platform to combine multiple therapies. The aim of this review is to introduce the latest scientific achievements in the field of innovative composite graphene materials as potentially applied in cancer therapy. The "Technology and Innovation Roadmap" published in the Graphene Flagship indicates, that the first anti-cancer drugs using graphene and graphene-derived materials will have appeared on the market by 2030. However, it is necessary to broaden understanding of graphene-based material interactions with cellular metabolism and signaling at the functional level, as well as toxicity. The main aspects of further research should elucidate how treatment methods (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, combination therapy) and the physicochemical properties of graphene materials influence their ability to modulate autophagy and kill cancer cells. Interestingly, recent scientific reports also prove that graphene nanocomposites modulate cancer cell death by inducing precise autophagy dysfunctions caused by lysosome damage. It turns out as well that developing photothermal oncological treatments, it should be taken into account that near-infrared-II radiation (1000-1500 nm) is a better option than NIR-I (750-1000 nm) because it can penetrate deeper into tissues due to less scattering at longer wavelengths radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Uzdrowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Narcyz Knap
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczynski
- Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Tomasz Bączek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-416, Poland
| | - Ewa Izycka-Swieszewska
- Faculty of Health Sciences with the Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
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7
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Madrid Mendoza MF, Almeida Mota J, de Cassia Evangelista de Oliveira F, Cavalcanti BC, Fabio Turco J, Reyes Torres Y, Ferreira PMP, Barros-Nepomuceno FWA, Rocha DD, Pessoa C, de Moraes Filho MO. Ethanolic extract from leaves of tithonia diversifolia induces apoptosis in HCT-116 cells through oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:275-293. [PMID: 38285019 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2308256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Tithonia diversifolia is a perennial bushy plant found in South America with significant ethnopharmacological importance as an antimalarial, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to determine the cytotoxicity of the ethanolic extract from leaves of T. diversifolia (TdE) on human cancer cell lines (HCT-116, SNB-19, NCIH-460 and MCF-7), as well as the mechanism of action involved in cell death and cellular modulation of oxidative stress. The TdE exhibited significant activity with IC50 values ranging from 7.12 to 38.41 μg/ml, with HCT-116 being the most sensitive cell line. Subsequent experiments were conducted with HCT-116 cell line. TdE decreased the number of viable cells, followed by induction of apoptotic events, increase in mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, and enhanced G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Pro-oxidative effects including elevated acidic vesicular organelle formation, lipid peroxidation, and nitric oxide by-products, as well as reduced levels of intracellular glutathione and reactive oxygen species production were also observed following incubation with TdE, which may lead to DNA damage followed by apoptotic cell death. These results demonstrate the potential of TdE ethanolic leaf extraction for biological activity and enhance the importance of continuing to study natural sources of plants for the development of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Almeida Mota
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Fabio Turco
- Department of Chemistry, Midwestern State University of Guarapuava, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Yohandra Reyes Torres
- Department of Chemistry, Midwestern State University of Guarapuava, Guarapuava, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancerology (LabCancer), Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Danilo Damasceno Rocha
- Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Geng H, Chen M, Guo C, Wang W, Chen D. Marine polysaccharides: Biological activities and applications in drug delivery systems. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109071. [PMID: 38471432 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The ocean is the common home of a large number of marine organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. Researchers can extract thousands of important bioactive components from the oceans and use them extensively to treat and prevent diseases. In contrast, marine polysaccharide macromolecules such as alginate, carrageenan, Laminarin, fucoidan, chitosan, and hyaluronic acid have excellent physicochemical properties, good biocompatibility, and high bioactivity, which ensures their wide applications and strong therapeutic potentials in drug delivery. Drug delivery systems (DDS) based on marine polysaccharides and modified marine polysaccharide molecules have emerged as an innovative technology for controlling drug distribution on temporal, spatial, and dosage scales. They can detect and respond to external stimuli such as pH, temperature, and electric fields. These properties have led to their wide application in the design of novel drug delivery systems such as hydrogels, polymeric micelles, liposomes, microneedles, microspheres, etc. In addition, marine polysaccharide-based DDS not only have smart response properties but also can combine with the unique biological properties of the marine polysaccharide base to exert synergistic therapeutic effects. The biological activities of marine polysaccharides and the design of marine polysaccharide-based DDS are reviewed. Marine polysaccharide-based responsive DDS are expected to provide new strategies and solutions for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Geng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Meijun Chen
- Yantai Muping District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.505, Government Street, Muping District, Yantai, 264110, PR China.
| | - Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan 10 Road, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Wenxin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, PR China.
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9
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Yuan Y, Lan Y, Cui Y, Hou M, Tang J, Wen H. [The role and the molecular mechanism of abietic acid in the proliferation, invasion and migration of cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells]. LIN CHUANG ER BI YAN HOU TOU JING WAI KE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY, HEAD, AND NECK SURGERY 2024; 38:188-194;199. [PMID: 38433685 PMCID: PMC11233206 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective:To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of abietic acid in the cell proliferation, invasion and migration of cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Methods:①Cisplatin-resistant C666/DDP cell line was constructed by increasing drug concentration method. ②The effects of abietic acid on proliferation, invasion and migration of C666/DDP cells were investigated by CCK-8 method, reactive oxygen species(ROS) and mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP) level assay and subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay in nude mice to detect the effects of abietic acid on proliferation and apoptosis of C666/DDP cells in vitro and in vivo. The effect of abietic acid on the proliferation and apoptosis of C666/DDP cells in vitro and in vivo was measured by Transwell assay. ③Western blot and IHC method to detect the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway related proteins. Results:①The IC50 of cisplatin cytotoxicity to C666-1 was about 25 μmol/L. RI=25 μmol/L /4 μmol/L=6.25, resistance was obtained, and the C666-1-DDP resistant strain was successfully constructed. ②Abietic acid promoted apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of C666/DDP cells, and showed G2/M phase block; transwell showed that abietic acid inhibited C666/DDP cell migration and invasion, increased ROS level of C666/DDP cells and decreased MMP. Transwell showed that abietic acid inhibited the migration and invasion ability of C666/DDP cells, increased the ROS level of C666/DDP cells and decreased MMP. ③Animal experiments showed that abietic acid inhibited the proliferation of cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vivo in a concentration gradient and suppressed the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins. Conclusion:Abietic acid inhibits proliferation, invasion and migration of cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by a mechanism related to inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital,Chenzhou,423000,China
| | - Yuanzao Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital,Chenzhou,423000,China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine,Southern Medical University
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital,Chenzhou,423000,China
| | - Minhua Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital,Chenzhou,423000,China
| | - Jinyong Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital,Chenzhou,423000,China
| | - Haojie Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital,Chenzhou,423000,China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine,Southern Medical University
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10
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Mohamed Azar KAH, Ezhilarasan D, Shree Harini K. Coleus vettiveroides ethanolic root extract induces cytotoxicity by intrinsic apoptosis in HepG2 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:245-259. [PMID: 37661188 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contributes to more than 80% of all primary cancers globally and ranks fourth in cancer-related deaths, due to the lack of an effective, definite therapeutic drug. Coleus vettiveroides (CV) has been used in Indian traditional medicine to treat diabetes, liver ailments, skin diseases, leukoderma, and leprosy. This study investigates the anticancer effect of CV ethanolic root extract in HepG2 cells. HepG2 cells were treated with CV extract, and its cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. AO/EB staining, propidium iodide staining, DCFH-DA assay, phalloidine staining, flow cytometry, and qPCR studies were performed for ROS expression, apoptosis and cell cycle analysis. The phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin and galangin in CV root extract. The results showed that CV inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, with altered cellular and nuclear morphology. CV was also found to increase intracellular ROS levels and oxidative stress markers in HepG2 cells. CV significantly altered the actin microfilament distribution in HepG2 cells and caused cell cycle arrest at the sub G0 -G1 phase. CV also induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by increased expression of p53, Bax, cytochrome C, Apaf-1, PARP, caspase-3 and caspase-9, and downregulated Bcl-2 expression. Therefore, CV exerts its anticancer effect by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cytoskeletal disorganization, cell cycle arrest, and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, and it could be a potent therapeutic option for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadmad Abdul Hameed Mohamed Azar
- Department of Pharmacology, Koppal Institute of Medical Sciences, Koppal, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
| | - Karthik Shree Harini
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India
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Szrok-Jurga S, Czumaj A, Turyn J, Hebanowska A, Swierczynski J, Sledzinski T, Stelmanska E. The Physiological and Pathological Role of Acyl-CoA Oxidation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14857. [PMID: 37834305 PMCID: PMC10573383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism, including β-oxidation (βOX), plays an important role in human physiology and pathology. βOX is an essential process in the energy metabolism of most human cells. Moreover, βOX is also the source of acetyl-CoA, the substrate for (a) ketone bodies synthesis, (b) cholesterol synthesis, (c) phase II detoxication, (d) protein acetylation, and (d) the synthesis of many other compounds, including N-acetylglutamate-an important regulator of urea synthesis. This review describes the current knowledge on the importance of the mitochondrial and peroxisomal βOX in various organs, including the liver, heart, kidney, lung, gastrointestinal tract, peripheral white blood cells, and other cells. In addition, the diseases associated with a disturbance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the liver, heart, kidney, lung, alimentary tract, and other organs or cells are presented. Special attention was paid to abnormalities of FAO in cancer cells and the diseases caused by mutations in gene-encoding enzymes involved in FAO. Finally, issues related to α- and ω- fatty acid oxidation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Szrok-Jurga
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Turyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Areta Hebanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Julian Swierczynski
- Institue of Nursing and Medical Rescue, State University of Applied Sciences in Koszalin, 75-582 Koszalin, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ewa Stelmanska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (S.S.-J.); (J.T.); (A.H.)
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Yang CL, Wang SB, He WP, Liu JJ. Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:905-913. [PMID: 37434032 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. (EEP) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. METHODS RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0-200 µg/mL EEP or vehicle for 2 h prior to exposure to 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) production were determined by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor Kappa B alpha (Iκ B-α) and p38. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the nuclear expression of nuclear factor-κ B p65 (NF-κ B p65). Additionally, the anti-oxidant potential of EEP was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), superoxide anion (O2-) radical and nitrite scavenging activity were also measured. RESULTS The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of EEP were 23.50±2.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 43.78±3.81 mg rutin equivalent/100 g. With EEP treatment (100 and 150 µg/mL), there was a notable decrease in NO and PGE2 production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells by downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, with EEP treatment (150 µg/mL), there was a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as in the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, P<0.01 or P<0.05), by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κ B p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, EEP (100 and 150 µg/mL) led to an increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes activity of SOD and CAT, with a concomitant decrease in ROS production (P<0.01 or P<0.05). EEP also indicated the DPPH, OH, O2- radical and nitrite scavenging activity. CONCLUSION EEP inhibited inflammatory responses in activated macrophages through blocking MAPK/NF-κ B pathway and protected against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Shi-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Wen-Ping He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Jin-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China.
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Vellur S, Pavadai P, Babkiewicz E, Ram Kumar Pandian S, Maszczyk P, Kunjiappan S. An In Silico Molecular Modelling-Based Prediction of Potential Keap1 Inhibitors from Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br. against Oxidative-Stress-Induced Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:4541. [PMID: 37299017 PMCID: PMC10254626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the antioxidant potential of aqueous methanolic extracts of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R.Br., followed by a pharmacoinformatics-based screening of novel Keap1 protein inhibitors. Initially, the antioxidant potential of this plant extract was assessed via antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and FRAP). Furthermore, 69 phytocompounds in total were derived from this plant using the IMPPAT database, and their three-dimensional structures were obtained from the PubChem database. The chosen 69 phytocompounds were docked against the Kelch-Neh2 complex protein (PDB entry ID: 2flu, resolution 1.50 Å) along with the standard drug (CPUY192018). H. indicus (L.) R.Br. extract (100 µg × mL-1) showed 85 ± 2.917%, 78.783 ± 0.24% of DPPH, ABTS radicals scavenging activity, and 161 ± 4 μg × mol (Fe (II)) g-1 ferric ion reducing power. The three top-scored hits, namely Hemidescine (-11.30 Kcal × mol-1), Beta-Amyrin (-10.00 Kcal × mol-1), and Quercetin (-9.80 Kcal × mol-1), were selected based on their binding affinities. MD simulation studies showed that all the protein-ligand complexes (Keap1-HEM, Keap1-BET, and Keap1-QUE) were highly stable during the entire simulation period, compared with the standard CPUY192018-Keap1 complex. Based on these findings, the three top-scored phytocompounds may be used as significant and safe Keap1 inhibitors, and could potentially be used for the treatment of oxidative-stress-induced health complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Vellur
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India; (S.V.); (S.R.K.P.)
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru 560054, India;
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland;
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India; (S.V.); (S.R.K.P.)
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil 626126, India; (S.V.); (S.R.K.P.)
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Ma S, Ge Y, Xiong Z, Wang Y, Li L, Chao Z, Li B, Zhang J, Ma S, Xiao J, Liu B, Wang Z. A novel gene signature related to oxidative stress predicts the prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14784. [PMID: 36785707 PMCID: PMC9921988 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is considered to be related to the worse prognosis, which might in part be attributed to the early recurrence and metastasis, compared with other type of kidney cancer. Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between production of oxidants and antioxidant defense. Accumulative studies have indicated that oxidative stress genes contribute to the tumor invasion, metastasis and drug sensitivity. However, the biological functions of oxidative stress genes in ccRCC remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified 1,399 oxidative stress genes from GeneCards with a relevance score ≥7. Data for analysis were accessed from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database, and were utilized as training set and validation set respectively. Univariate Cox analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and multivariate Cox were employed to construct a prognostic signature in ccRCC. Finally, a prognostic signature including four different oxidative stress genes was constructed from 1,399 genes, and its predictive performance was verified through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Interestingly, we found that there was significant correlation between the expression of oxidative stress genes and the immune infiltration and the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutics. Moreover, the highest hazard ratio gene urocortin (UCN) was chosen for further study; some necessary vitro experiments proved that the UCN could promote the ability of ccRCC proliferation and migration and contribute to the degree of oxidative stress. In conclusion, it was promising to predict the prognosis of ccRCC through the four oxidative stress genes signature. UCN played oncogenic roles in ccRCC by influencing proliferation and oxidative stress pathway, which was expected to be the novel therapeutic target for ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ma
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Ge
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zezhong Xiong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Chao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Beining Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Junbiao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Siquan Ma
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Badavenkatappa gari S, Nelson VK, Peraman R. Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr alkaloid rich extract induces colon cancer cell death via ROS mediated, mTOR dependent apoptosis pathway: "an in-vitro study". BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:33. [PMID: 36737760 PMCID: PMC9896699 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most mortality rate causing disease after lung cancer. Though there is a significant improvement in the treatment schedule offered to CRC. However, there is no notable decrease in terms of cases as well as death rate. Hence, there is an urgent need to discover novel cancer therapeutics to treat CRC. Since ancient times, the use of phytochemicals has drawn huge attention as chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic agents. Earlier studies on Tinospora sinensis (TS) revealed the cytotoxic effect on human colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116) cells, yet the mechanism is to be uncovered. Therefore, the present study was designed to study the cell death mechanism of TS in HCT-116 cells. METHOD Different extracts such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts from the root part of TS were prepared using a cold maceration process. The extracts were screened against cancer cell lines by methyl thiazoldiphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. From the result, the most active extract was subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses to identify the major constituents. Finally, the mechanism of cytotoxicity to cancer cells for the most active extract was evaluated using various experiments such as cell cycle analysis, Annexin-V assay, and Western blot. RESULTS The results from the MTT assay indicated that the n-hexane extract of TS inhibits the growth of HCT-116 cells more effectively than other cancer cells like Henrietta Lacks cervical cancer cells (Hela), and Michigan cancer foundation-breast cancer (MCF-7). The GC-MS and FT-IR analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids in the n-hexane extract and were responsible for the apoptosis activity in HCT-cells via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ protein Kinase B (Akt)/ mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) down-regulation. CONCLUSION This study concludes that this finding is unique of its kind, and for the first time. The anticancer effect of TS root is specific to colon cancer cells (HCT-116). This distinctive finding helps the researchers to investigate further, and to identify a novel source for anti-colon cancer drug candidates in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi Badavenkatappa gari
- grid.459547.eFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Anantapur (JNTUA), Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515 002 India
| | - Vinod K. Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) –Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515721 India
| | - Ramalingam Peraman
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (RIPER) –Autonomous, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515721 India ,grid.464629.b0000 0004 1775 2698Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, 844102 India
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Beeraka NM, Zhang J, Zhao D, Liu J, A U C, Vikram Pr H, Shivaprakash P, Bannimath N, Manogaran P, Sinelnikov MY, Bannimath G, Fan R. Combinatorial Implications of Nrf2 Inhibitors with FN3K Inhibitor: In vitro Breast Cancer Study. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:2408-2425. [PMID: 37861038 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128261466231011114600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum derivatives are chemotherapeutic agents preferred for the treatment of cancers including breast cancer. Oxaliplatin is an anticancer drug that is in phase II studies to treat metastatic breast cancer. However, its usage is constrained by chemoresistance and dose-related side effects. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to examine the combinatorial efficacy of brusatol, an Nrf2 blocker, with oxaliplatin (a proven FN3K blocker in our study) in mitigating breast cancer growth in vitro. METHODS We performed cytotoxicity assays, combination index (CI) analysis, colony formation assays, apoptosis assays, and Western blotting. RESULTS Results of our study described the chemosensitizing efficacy of brusatol in combination with lowdose oxaliplatin against breast cancer through synergistic effects in both BT-474 and T47D cells. A significant mitigation in the migration rate of these cancer cells was observed with the combination regimen, which is equivalent to the IC-50 dose of oxaliplatin (125 μM). Furthermore, ROS-mediated and apoptotic modes of cell death were observed with a combinatorial regimen. Colony formation of breast cancer cell lines was mitigated with a combinatorial regimen of bursatol and oxaliplatin than the individual treatment regimen. FN3K expression downregulated with oxaliplatin in T47D cells. The mitigation of FN3K protein expression with a combination regimen was not observed but the Nrf2 downstream antioxidant signaling proteins were significantly downregulated with a combination regimen similar to individual drug regimens. CONCLUSION Our study concluded the combination efficacy of phytochemicals like brusatol in combination with low-dose oxaliplatin (FN3K blocker), which could enhance the chemosensitizing effect in breast cancer and minimize the overall dose requirement of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narasimha M Beeraka
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Junqi Liu
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Chinnappa A U
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Hemanth Vikram Pr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Xenone Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, #318, Third Floor, US Complex, Jasola, New Delhi 110076, India
| | - Priyanka Shivaprakash
- Faculty of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Namitha Bannimath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Prasath Manogaran
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Mikhail Y Sinelnikov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia
- Sinelab Biomedical Research Center, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Gurupadayya Bannimath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Str., Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging Studies of Human Digestive Tract Cells and Tissues-Impact of Vitamin C and E Supplementation. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010137. [PMID: 36615330 PMCID: PMC9822473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers of digestive tract such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) are the most commonly detected types of cancer worldwide and their origin can be associated with oxidative stress conditions. Commonly known and followed antioxidants, such as vitamin C and E, are widely considered as potential anti-cancer agents. Raman spectra have great potential in the biochemical characterization of matter based on the fact that each molecule has its own unique vibrational properties. Raman spectroscopy allows to precisely characterize components (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids). The paper presents the application of the Raman spectroscopy technique for the analysis of tissue samples and cells of the human colon and stomach. The main goal of this study is to show the differences between healthy and cancerous tissues from the human digestive tract and human normal and cancer colon and gastric cell lines. The paper presents the spectroscopic characterization of normal colon cells, CCD-18 Co, in physiological and oxidative conditions and effect of oxidative injury of normal colon cells upon supplementation with vitamin C at various concentrations based on Raman spectra. The obtained results were related to the Raman spectra recorded for human colon cancer cells-CaCo-2. In addition, the effect of the antioxidant in the form of vitamin E on gastric cancer cells, HTB-135, is presented and compared with normal gastric cells-CRL-7869. All measured gastric samples were biochemically and structurally characterized by means of Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Statistically assisted analysis has shown that normal, ROS injured and cancerous human gastrointestinal cells can be distinguished based on their unique vibrational properties. ANOVA tests, PCA (Principal Component Analysis) and PLSDA (Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis) have confirmed the main role of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids in differentiation of human colon and stomach normal and cancer tissues and cells. The conducted research based on Raman spectra proved that antioxidants in the form of vitamin C and E exhibit anti-cancer properties. In consequence, conducted studies proved that label-free Raman spectroscopy may play an important role in clinical diagnostic differentiation of human normal and cancerous gastrointestinal tissues and may be a source of intraoperative information supporting histopathological analysis.
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Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation under low drought stress condition improves Trachyspermum ammi seeds' essential oil bioactivity. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Identification of Phytogenic Compounds with Antioxidant Action That Protect Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide Induced Oxidative Damage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112134. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes to intestinal dysfunction. Plant extracts can have antioxidant action; however, the specific phytogenic active ingredients and their potential mechanisms are not well known. We screened 845 phytogenic compounds using a porcine epithelial cell (IPEC-J2) oxidative stress model to identify oxidative-stress-alleviating compounds. Calycosin and deoxyshikonin were evaluated for their ability to alleviate H2O2-induced oxidative stress by measuring their effects on malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and antioxidant defense. Nrf2 pathway activation and the effect of Nrf2 knockdown on the antioxidative effects of hit compounds were investigated. Calycosin protected IPEC-J2 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage, likely by improving the cellular redox state and upregulating antioxidant defense via the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. Deoxyshikonin alleviated the H2O2-induced decrease in cell viability, ROS production, and MMP reduction, but had no significant effect on MDA accumulation and apoptosis. Nrf2 knockdown did not weaken the effect of deoxyshikonin in improving cell viability, but it weakened its effect in suppressing ROS production. These results indicate that the mechanisms of action of natural compounds differ. The newly identified phytogenic compounds can be developed as novel antioxidant agents to alleviate intestinal oxidative stress in animals.
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Aloe vera-induced apoptotic cell death through ROS generation, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage in human breast cancer cells. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Effects of Annurca Flesh Apple Polyphenols in Human Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6268755. [PMID: 35222800 PMCID: PMC8872649 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6268755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Among natural macromolecules, the polyphenol extract from Annurca flesh (AFPE) apple could play a potential therapeutic role for a large spectrum of human cancer also by exerting antioxidant properties. Thyroid cancer is a common neoplasia in women, and it is in general responsive to treatments although patients may relapse and metastasize or therapy-related side effects could occur. In this study, we explored the effects of AFPE on papillary (TPC-1) and anaplastic (CAL62) thyroid cancer cell line proliferation and viability. We found that AFPE exposure induced a reduction of cell proliferation and cell viability in dose-dependent manner. The effect was associated with the reduction of phosphorylation of Rb protein. To study the mechanisms underlying the biological effects of AFPE treatment in thyroid cancer cells, we investigated the modulation of miRNA (miR) expression. We found that AFPE treatment increased the expression of the miR-141, miR-145, miR-200a-5p, miR-425, and miR-551b-5p. Additionally, since natural polyphenols could exert their beneficial effects through the antioxidant properties, we investigated this aspect, and we found that AFPE treatment reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CAL62 cells. Moreover, AFPE pretreatment protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in thyroid cancer cell lines. Taken together, our findings suggest that AFPE, by acting at micromolar concentration in thyroid cancer cell lines, may be considered a promising adjuvant natural agent for thyroid cancer treatment approach.
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Hsia TC, Peng SF, Chueh FS, Lu KW, Yang JL, Huang AC, Hsu FT, Wu RSC. Bisdemethoxycurcumin Induces Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Human Brain Glioblastoma GBM 8401/ Luc2 Cell Xenograft Tumor in Subcutaneous Nude Mice In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010538. [PMID: 35008959 PMCID: PMC8745075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) has biological activities, including anticancer effects in vitro; however, its anticancer effects in human glioblastoma (GBM) cells have not been examined yet. This study aimed to evaluate the tumor inhibitory effect and molecular mechanism of BDMC on human GBM 8401/luc2 cells in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies have shown that BDMC significantly reduced cell viability and induced cell apoptosis in GBM 8401/luc2 cells. Furthermore, BDMC induced apoptosis via inhibited Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein) and increased Bax (pro-apoptotic proteins) and cytochrome c release in GBM 8401/luc2 cells in vitro. Then, twelve BALB/c-nude mice were xenografted with human glioblastoma GBM 8401/luc2 cancer cells subcutaneously, and the xenograft nude mice were treated without and with BDMC (30 and 60 mg/kg of BDMC treatment) every 3 days. GBM 8401/luc2 cell xenografts experiment showed that the growth of the tumors was significantly suppressed by BDMC administration at both doses based on the reduction of tumor size and weights. BDMC did not change the body weight and the H&E histopathology analysis of liver samples, indicating that BDMC did not induce systemic toxicity. Meanwhile, treatment with BDMC up-regulated the expressions of BAX and cleaved caspase-3, while it down-regulated the protein expressions of Bcl-2 and XIAP in the tumor tissues compared with the control group. This study has demonstrated that BDMC presents potent anticancer activity on the human glioblastoma GBM 8401/luc2 cell xenograft model by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and shows the potential for further development to the anti-GBM cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Chun Hsia
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Peng
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Shin Chueh
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Kung-Wen Lu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Jiun-Long Yang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan; (J.-L.Y.); (A.-C.H.)
| | - An-Cheng Huang
- Department of Nursing, St. Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 266, Taiwan; (J.-L.Y.); (A.-C.H.)
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (R.S.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5242) (R.S.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5237) (R.S.-C.W.)
| | - Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (F.-T.H.); (R.S.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2532) (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5242) (R.S.-C.W.); Fax: +886-4-2205-3764 (F.-T.H.); +886-4-2205-2121 (ext. 5237) (R.S.-C.W.)
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23
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Biba R, Košpić K, Komazec B, Markulin D, Cvjetko P, Pavoković D, Peharec Štefanić P, Tkalec M, Balen B. Surface Coating-Modulated Phytotoxic Responses of Silver Nanoparticles in Plants and Freshwater Green Algae. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 35009971 PMCID: PMC8746378 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been implemented in a wide range of commercial products, resulting in their unregulated release into aquatic as well as terrestrial systems. This raises concerns over their impending environmental effects. Once released into the environment, they are prone to various transformation processes that modify their reactivity. In order to increase AgNP stability, different stabilizing coatings are applied during their synthesis. However, coating agents determine particle size and shape and influence their solubility, reactivity, and overall stability as well as their behavior and transformations in the biological medium. In this review, we attempt to give an overview on how the employment of different stabilizing coatings can modulate AgNP-induced phytotoxicity with respect to growth, physiology, and gene and protein expression in terrestrial and aquatic plants and freshwater algae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Biljana Balen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.B.); (K.K.); (B.K.); (D.M.); (P.C.); (D.P.); (P.P.Š.); (M.T.)
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Antiproliferative effects of levan polysaccharide against colorectal cancer cells mediated through oxidative stress-stimulated HOTAIR/Akt signaling pathway: In vitro. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Khan AQ, Rashid K, AlAmodi AA, Agha MV, Akhtar S, Hakeem I, Raza SS, Uddin S. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer pathogenesis and therapy: An update on the role of ROS in anticancer action of benzophenanthridine alkaloids. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112142. [PMID: 34536761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play crucial role in biological homeostasis and pathogenesis of human diseases including cancer. In this line, now it has become evident that ROS level/concentration is a major factor in the growth, progression and stemness of cancer cells. Moreover, cancer cells maintain a delicate balance between ROS and antioxidants to promote pathogenesis and clinical challenges via targeting a battery of signaling pathways converging to cancer hallmarks. Recent findings also entail the therapeutic importance of ROS for the better clinical outcomes in cancer patients as they induce apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, poor clinical outcomes associated with cancer therapies are the major challenge and use of natural products have been vital in attenuation of these challenges due to their multitargeting potential with less adverse effects. In fact, most available drugs are derived from natural resources, either directly or indirectly and available evidence show the clinical importance of natural products in the management of various diseases, including cancer. ROS play a critical role in the anticancer actions of natural products, particularly phytochemicals. Benzophenanthridine alkaloids of the benzyl isoquinoline family of alkaloids, such as sanguinarine, possess several pharmacological properties and are thus being studied for the treatment of different human diseases, including cancer. In this article, we review recent findings, on how benzophenanthridine alkaloid-induced ROS play a critical role in the attenuation of pathological changes and stemness features associated with human cancers. In addition, we highlight the role of ROS in benzophenanthridine alkaloid-mediated activation of the signaling pathway associated with cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Q Khan
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Khalid Rashid
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Maha Victor Agha
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sabah Akhtar
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishrat Hakeem
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, India
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
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Aliyu-Amoo H, Isa HI, Njoya EM, McGaw LJ. Antiproliferative effect of extracts and fractions of the root of Terminalia avicennioides (Combretaceae) Guill and Perr. on HepG2 and Vero cell lines. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-021-00307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Terminalia avicennioides Guill and Perr (Combretaceae) is an important West African medicinal plant. The plant is used locally against microbes and parasites in both humans and animals and studies have demonstrated its cytotoxicity potential. Thus, this study was carried out to test the cytotoxic effect of the extracts and fractions of the root of the medicinal plant Terminalia avicennioides Guill and Perr (Combretaceae) in two different cell lines.
Methods
Methanol, ethanol, 30 % ethanol, hot water and cold water extracts and ethylacetate, hexane, chloroform, butanol and residual water fractions, were evaluated at 1000, 750, 500, 250, 100 and 50 µg/mL concentrations, with doxorubicin as positive control. The cells were incubated with the extracts for 48 h at 37 °C in a 5 % CO2 humidified incubator. The inhibition of cell viability, determined with the methyl blue thiazole tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, was used to assess the anti-proliferative effect of the extracts, in normal Vero Monkey kidney and human liver cancer (HepG2) cell lines.
Results
There was a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability in both the HepG2 and Vero cell lines. For HepG2 cells, antiproliferative effect was highest for the hexane fraction (viability ranged from 19.63 ± 1.10 % to 70.30 ± 1.78 % for 1000 and 50 µg/mL, respectively. For Vero cells, the highest antiproliferative effect, at 1000 µg/mL, was with hexane fraction (cell viability 21.37 ± 3.50 %), while at 50 µg/mL the chloroform fraction demonstrated the highest effect (viability of 86.10 ± 1.95 %).
Conclusions
The extracts and fractions from the root of Terminalia avicennioides have antiproliferative effect on the Vero and HepG2 cell lines tested. However, the extracts and fractions were not more toxic to the HepG2 than to the Vero cells. The cytotoxic effect of stem-bark and leaf extracts could be evaluated in the future to determine its anticancer potential.
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Aminzadeh Z, Ziamajidi N, Abbasalipourkabir R. Anticancer Effects of Cinnamaldehyde through Inhibition of ErbB2/HSF1/LDHA Pathway in 5637 Cell Line of Bladder Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:1139-1148. [PMID: 34315398 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210726142814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing prevalence of bladder cancer worldwide has become a major concern for the researchers, and the side effects of chemotherapy drugs have always been a major problem in cancer treatment. Cinnamaldehyde, the active ingredient in the Cinnamon plant, has long been considered with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. METHODS Bladder cancer 5637 cell lines were treated with the different concentrations of Cinnamaldehyde. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The concentration of 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 mg/ml of Cinnamaldehyde were selected. Apoptosis was assessed with Annexin V-FITC/PI and Hochest33258 staining. Cell migration was performed by the scratch test. To evaluate Cinnamaldehyde effect on glycolysis, the gene expression of epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ErbB2), heat shock protein transcription factor-1 (HSF1) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), as well as the protein levels of HSF1 and LDHA, LDH activity and finally glucose consumption and lactate production, were measured. RESULTS Cinnamaldehyde significantly increased apoptosis rate in the 5637 cells (p<0.05). Furthermore, it significantly reduced the gene expression of ErbB2, HSF1, and LDHA, protein level of HSF1 and LDHA, LDH activity, as well as cell migration, glucose consumption, and lactate production (p<0.05). These changes were dose-dependent. CONCLUSION Thus, Cinnamaldehyde induced apoptosis and decreased growth in 5637 cells by reducing ErbB2-HSF1-LDHA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Aminzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Ziziphus nummularia Attenuates the Malignant Phenotype of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Role of ROS. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144295. [PMID: 34299570 PMCID: PMC8307183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of all cancer-related deaths. Despite major improvements in treating PC, low survival rate remains a major challenge, indicating the need for alternative approaches, including herbal medicine. Among medicinal plants is Ziziphus nummularia (family Rhamnaceae), which is a thorny shrub rich in bioactive molecules. Leaves of Ziziphus nummularia have been used to treat many pathological conditions, including cancer. However, their effects on human PC are still unknown. Here, we show that the treatment of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (Capan-2) with Ziziphus nummularia ethanolic extract (ZNE) (100–300 μg/mL) attenuated cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the anti-proliferative effect of ZNE. In addition, ZNE significantly decreased the migratory and invasive capacity of Capan-2 with a concomitant downregulation of integrin α2 and increased cell–cell aggregation. In addition, ZNE inhibited in ovo angiogenesis as well as reduced VEGF and nitric oxide levels. Furthermore, ZNE downregulated the ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, which are known to drive tumorigenic and metastatic events. Taken together, our results suggest that ZNE can attenuate the malignant phenotype of Capan-2 by inhibiting hallmarks of PC. Our data also provide evidence for the potential anticancer effect of Ziziphus nummularia, which may represent a new resource of novel anticancer compounds, especially ones that can be utilized for the management of PC.
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Aldawsari MF, Alalaiwe A, Khafagy ES, Al Saqr A, Alshahrani SM, Alsulays BB, Alshehri S, Abu Lila AS, Danish Rizvi SM, Hegazy WAH. Efficacy of SPG-ODN 1826 Nanovehicles in Inducing M1 Phenotype through TLR-9 Activation in Murine Alveolar J774A.1 Cells: Plausible Nano-Immunotherapy for Lung Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136833. [PMID: 34202080 PMCID: PMC8268145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages are the first line of defense against intruding pathogens and play a critical role in cancer immunology. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family mediates an important role in recognizing and mounting an immune response against intruding microbes. TLR-9 is a member of the intracellular TLR family, which recognizes unmethylated CG motifs from the prokaryotic genome. Upon its activation, TLR-9 triggers downstream of the MyD-88-dependent transcriptional activation of NF-κB, and subsequently results in abundant inflammatory cytokines expression that induces a profound inflammatory milieu. The present exploratory investigation aimed at elucidating the potency of schizophyllan for entrapping ODN 1826 (SPG-ODN 1826)-mediated stimulation of TLR-9 in provoking an inflammatory-type response in murine alveolar macrophages. Schizophyllan (SPG), a representative of the β-glucan family, was used in the present study as a nanovehicle for endosomal trafficking of CpG ODN 1826. TEM analysis of SPG-ODN 1826 nanovehicles revealed that the prepared nanovehicles are spherical and have an average size of about 100 nm. Interestingly, SPG-ODN 1826 nanovehicles were competent in delivering their therapeutic payload within endosomes of murine alveolar macrophage (J774A.1) cells. Exposure of these nanovehicles within LPS stimulated J774A.1, resulted in a significant provocation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.01) in comparison to CpG ODN 1826 alone. Moreover, the formulated nanovehicles succeeded in generating a profound Th1-based cytokine profile constituted by enhanced expression of IFN-γ (p < 0.001) and IL-1β (p < 0.001) inflammatory cytokines. These findings clearly indicated the immunostimulatory potential of SPG-ODN 1826 nanovehicles for inducing the Th1-type phenotype, which would certainly assist in skewing M2 phenotype into the much-desired M1 type during lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F. Aldawsari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.)
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-533-564-286
| | - Ahmed Al Saqr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Saad M. Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Bader B. Alsulays
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (M.F.A.); (A.A.); (A.A.S.); (S.M.A.); (B.B.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Amr S. Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
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Cardona-Mendoza A, Olivares-Niño G, Díaz-Báez D, Lafaurie GI, Perdomo SJ. Chemopreventive and Anti-tumor Potential of Natural Products in Oral Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:779-795. [PMID: 34100309 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1931698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is a multifactorial disease caused by isolated or combined risk factors related to tobacco, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus infection. It is an aggressive pathology with a low five-year survival rate after surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, frequently associated with severe side effects. Drugs with the highest anti-tumor effect are obtained from natural products with diverse biological and molecular activities and potential chemopreventive and anticancer properties. This review summarizes the natural products reported to have the chemopreventive and anti-tumor potential for OC treatment, showing that several of these compounds are promising candidates as chemopreventive agents, and those with the highest anti-tumor potential induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation and metastasis-related processes. For this reason, natural products have the potential to be important preventive and therapeutic options for OC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Cardona-Mendoza
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular y Molecular Universidad El Bosque-INMUBO, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - David Díaz-Báez
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gloria Inés Lafaurie
- Unidad de Investigación Básica Oral-UIBO, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra J Perdomo
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular y Molecular Universidad El Bosque-INMUBO, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.,School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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Yang XY, Wang GB, Le YJ, Liu WT, He QY. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals the Antitumor Effects of Sodium New Houttuyfonate on Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPLORATORY RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 000:000-000. [DOI: 10.14218/jerp.2021.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sharma S, Advani D, Das A, Malhotra N, Khosla A, Arora V, Jha A, Yadav M, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Pharmacological intervention in oxidative stress as a therapeutic target in neurological disorders. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:461-484. [PMID: 34050648 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress is a major cellular burden that triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants that modulate signalling mechanisms. Byproducts generated from this process govern the brain pathology and functions in various neurological diseases. As oxidative stress remains the key therapeutic target in neurological disease, it is necessary to explore the multiple routes that can significantly repair the damage caused due to ROS and consequently, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the critical player of oxidative stress that can also be used as a therapeutic target to combat NDDs. KEY FINDINGS Several antioxidants signalling pathways are found to be associated with oxidative stress and show a protective effect against stressors by increasing the release of various cytoprotective enzymes and also exert anti-inflammatory response against this oxidative damage. These pathways along with antioxidants and reactive species can be the defined targets to eliminate or reduce the harmful effects of neurological diseases. SUMMARY Herein, we discussed the underlying mechanism and crucial role of antioxidants in therapeutics together with natural compounds as a pharmacological tool to combat the cellular deformities cascades caused due to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sharma
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Dia Advani
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Nishtha Malhotra
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Khosla
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Vanshika Arora
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Jha
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Megha Yadav
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi, India
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Wu J, Xi Y, Li G, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Fang C, Sun Z, Hu L, Jiang W, Dai L, Dong J, Qiu P, Zhao M, Yan P. Hydroazulene Diterpenes from a Dictyota Brown Alga and Their Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Effects Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:1306-1315. [PMID: 33724827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Five new diterpenes, including four new hydroazulenes, (8R,11R)-8,11-diacetoxypachydictyol A (1), (8R*,11R*)-6-O-acetyl-8-acetoxy-11-hydroxypachydictyol A (2), (8R*,11S*)-8-acetoxy-11-hydroxypachydictyol A (3), and (8R*,11S*)-6-O-acetyl-8,11-dihydroxypachydictyol A (4), and a secohydroazulene derivative, named 7Z-7,8-seco-7,11-didehydro-8- acetoxypachydictyol A (5), were isolated from a South China Sea collection of a Dictyota sp. nov. brown alga, together with five known analogues (6-10). Structure elucidation was achieved by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with reported data. All compounds showed potent antioxidant effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in neuron-like PC12 cells at a low concentration of 2 μM. The antioxidant property of dictyol C (9) was associated with activation of the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway; it also showed neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. As such, hydroazulene diterpenes could serve as lead structures for the development of novel neuroprotective agents against CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhang Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyuan Xi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuantie Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongle Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyan Fang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongmin Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Linya Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyong Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Peihong Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
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Geetha RG, Krishnankutty Nair Chandrika S, Saraswathy GG, Nair Sivakumari A, Sakuntala M. ROS Dependent Antifungal and Anticancer Modulations of Piper colubrinum Osmotin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082239. [PMID: 33924432 PMCID: PMC8070354 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmotin, a plant defense protein, has functional similarity to adiponectin, an insulin sensitizingsensitising hormone secreted by adipocytes. We speculated that Piper colubrinum Osmotin (PcOSM) could have functional roles in obesity-related cancers, especially breast cancer. Immunofluorescence assays, flow cytometry, cell cycle analysis and a senescence assay were employed to delineate the activity in MDAMB231 breast cancer cell line. PcOSM pre-treated P. nigrum leaves showed significant reduction in disease symptoms correlated with high ROS production. In silico analysis predicted that PcOSM has higher binding efficiency with adiponectin receptor compared to adiponectin. PcOSM was effectively taken up by MDAMB231 cancer cells which resulted in marked increase in intracellular ROS levels leading to senescence and cell cycle arrest in G2/M stage. This study provides evidence on the ROS mediated direct inhibitory activity of the plant derived osmotin protein on the phytopathogen Phytophthora capsici, and the additional functional roles of this plant defense protein on cancer cells through inducing ROS associated senescence. The strong leads produced from this study could be pursued further to obtain more insights into the therapeutic potential of osmotin in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Gopal Geetha
- Plant Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; (R.G.G.); (G.G.S.)
| | | | - Gayathri G. Saraswathy
- Plant Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; (R.G.G.); (G.G.S.)
| | - Asha Nair Sivakumari
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India;
| | - Manjula Sakuntala
- Plant Disease Biology Laboratory, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thycaud P.O., Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India; (R.G.G.); (G.G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Chen S, Ye H, Gong F, Mao S, Li C, Xu B, Ren Y, Yu R. Ginsenoside compound K exerts antitumour effects in renal cell carcinoma via regulation of ROS and lncRNA THOR. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:38. [PMID: 33649829 PMCID: PMC7905530 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common type of kidney cancer that lacks effective therapeutic options. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), an active metabolite of ginsenosides, has been reported to induce apoptosis in various types of cancer cells. However, the effects of CK in RCC remain to be elucidated. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects of CK on RCC cells. The effects of CK on the proliferation, migration, invasion, cell cycle and apoptosis of RCC cell lines (Caki-1 and 768-O) were investigated using MTT, wound healing, Transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. Changes in the expression levels of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and proteins were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, respectively. Transfections with testis associated oncogenic (THOR) small interfering RNA and pcDNA were performed to knock down and overexpress lncRNA THOR, respectively. It was found that CK could effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of RCC cells. CK also induced cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis in RCC cells. Furthermore, the generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of the lncRNA THOR played important roles in the antitumour effects of CK in RCC cells. The present data revealed that CK was a potent antitumour agent against RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haihong Ye
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Fanger Gong
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Suming Mao
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ren
- Department of Urology, Ningbo Urology and Nephrology Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315100, P.R. China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315210, P.R. China
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Thakur RS, Devaraj E. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. triggers oxidative stress mediated apoptosis via intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in HepG2 cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1225-1233. [PMID: 32697429 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Lagerstroemia speciosa Pers. (Lythraceae) commonly known as Banaba has been used in different forms in traditional medicinal systems for treating various diseases which include diabetes and obesity. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic potential of ethanolic Banaba leaf extract (EBLE) in HepG2 cells. The phytochemical analysis of EBLE was performed by HPTLC. HepG2 cells were treated with EBLE at 25, 50, 100, and 150 μg/mL concentrations, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Oxidative stress was assessed by the evaluation of lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione. Apoptosis-related morphology was investigated by acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated by JC-1 staining. Apoptosis-related marker genes were evaluated by qPCR. HPTLC analysis confirmed the presence of corosolic acid (12.87 μg/mg), berberine (3.19 μg/mg), and gallic acid (2.94 μg/mg) in EBLE. EBLE treatments caused significant and concentration-dependent cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in HepG2 cells. Dual staining with AO/EB confirmed membrane distortion and nuclear chromatin condensation upon EBLE treatments. JC-I staining revealed the loss of ΔΨm. Furthermore, at a molecular level, EBLE treatments interfere with Bax/Bcl-2 homeostasis and induced the pro-apoptotic marker genes such as cytochrome c, Apaf-1, and caspases 9 and 3. EBLE treatments caused cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, and this could be due to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis via the intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh Thakur
- Department of Pharmacology, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ezhilarasan Devaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li Y, Zhao M, Chen W, Du H, Xie X, Wang D, Dai Y, Xia Q, Wang G. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals that multiple hormone signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolic pathways are affected by Bacillus cereus in Nicotiana tabacum. Genomics 2020; 112:4254-4267. [PMID: 32679071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is thought to be a beneficial bacterium for plants in several aspects, such as promoting plant growth and inducing plant disease resistance. However, there is no detailed report on the effect of Bacillus cereus acting on Nicotiana tabacum. In the present study, RNA-based sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between B. cereus CGMCC 5977 and N. tabacum. A total of 7345 and 5604 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from leaves inoculated with Bacillus cereus at 6 and 24 hpi, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses revealed that the most DEGs could be significantly enriched in hormone signal transduction, the MAPK signaling pathway, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Furthermore, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was severely affected by inoculation with Bacillus cereus. In the hormone signal pathway, multiple DEGs were involved in plant defense-related major hormones, including activation of jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (Eth). Further analyses showed that other hormone-related genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), auxin (AUX), and cytokinin (CK) also showed changes. Notably, a large number of genes associated with glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, catabolism of starch and oxidative stress were induced. In addition, the majority of DEGs related to nucleic acid sugar metabolism were also significantly upregulated. Biochemical assays showed that the starch content of B. cereus-treated leaves was reduced to 2.51 mg/g and 2.38 mg/g at 6 and 24 hpi, respectively, while that of the control sample was 5.42 mg/g. Overall, our results demonstrated that multiple hormone signal transduction and carbohydrate metabolic pathways are involved in the interaction of tobacco and B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Tobacco Science, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hongyi Du
- Technology Center of China, Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co.,Ltd, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Daibin Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Tobacco Science, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Ya Dai
- Technology Center of China, Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co.,Ltd, Chongqing 400000, China
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Genhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Advances in the Study of the Potential Hepatotoxic Components and Mechanism of Polygonum multiflorum. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6489648. [PMID: 33062019 PMCID: PMC7545463 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6489648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum (PM) (He Shou Wu in Chinese) are one of the most commonly used tonic traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) in China. PM is traditionally valued for its antiaging, liver- and kidney-tonifying, and hair-blackening effects. However, an increasing number of hepatotoxicity cases induced by PM attract the attention of scholars worldwide. Thus far, the potential liver injury compounds and the mechanism are still uncertain. The aim of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the potential hepatotoxic components and mechanism of PM based on the scientific literature. Moreover, perspectives for future investigations of hepatotoxic components are discussed. This study will build a new foundation for further study on the hepatotoxic components and mechanism of PM.
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Checkouri E, Reignier F, Robert-Da Silva C, Meilhac O. Evaluation of Polyphenol Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Aqueous Extracts from Eight Medicinal Plants from Reunion Island: Protection against Oxidative Stress in Red Blood Cells and Preadipocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100959. [PMID: 33036442 PMCID: PMC7650546 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background—Medicinal plants are traditionally used as infusions or decoctions for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic and anti-diabetic properties. Purpose—The aim of the study was to define the polyphenol composition and to assess the antioxidant capacity of eight medicinal plants from Reunion Island referred to in the French Pharmacopeia, namely Aphloia theiformis, Ayapana triplinervis, Dodonaea viscosa, Hubertia ambavilla, Hypericum lanceolatum, Pelargonium x graveolens, Psiloxylon mauritianum and Syzygium cumini. Methods—Polyphenol content was assessed by biochemical assay and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Antioxidant capacity was assessed by measuring DPPH reduction and studying the protective effects of herbal preparation on red blood cells or preadipocytes exposed to oxidative stress. Results—Polyphenol content ranged from 25 to 143 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L for infusions and 35 to 205 mg GAE/L for decoctions. Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis showed the presence of major bioactive polyphenols, such as quercetin, chlorogenic acid, procyanidin and mangiferin. Antioxidant capacity assessed by different tests, including DPPH and Human red blood cell (RBC) hemolysis of herbal preparations, demonstrated a dose-dependent effect whatever the extraction procedure. Our data suggest that decoction slightly improved polyphenol extraction as well as antioxidant capacity relative to the infusion mode of extraction (DPPH test). However, infusions displayed a better protective effect against oxidative stress-induced RBC hemolysis. Conclusion—Traditional preparations of medicinal plant aqueous extracts (infusions and decoctions) display antioxidant properties that limit oxidative stress in preadipocytes and red blood cells, supporting their use in the context of metabolic disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloïse Checkouri
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (E.C.); (C.R.-D.S.)
- Habemus Papam, Food Industry, 97470 Saint-Benoit, La Réunion, France;
| | - Franck Reignier
- Habemus Papam, Food Industry, 97470 Saint-Benoit, La Réunion, France;
| | - Christine Robert-Da Silva
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (E.C.); (C.R.-D.S.)
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Université de La Réunion, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (E.C.); (C.R.-D.S.)
- CHU de La Réunion, CIC 1410, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +262-0262-938-811
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Munakarmi S, Chand L, Shin HB, Hussein UK, Yun BS, Park HR, Jeong YJ. Anticancer effects of Poncirus fructus on hepatocellular carcinoma through regulation of apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:2537-2546. [PMID: 33125135 PMCID: PMC7640358 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poncirus fructus (PF) is a phytochemical compound extracted from the dry, immature fruits of Poncirus trifoliate. PF is traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, allergies, and inflammatory disease. In East Asia, PF is also known for its anticancer properties. There are numerous reports on the anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects of PF in a wide range of cancers and gastrointestinal diseases, respectively. However, the role of PF in inducing apoptosis and suppressing the invasiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. This study investigated the ability of PF to induce apoptosis and inhibit the invasiveness and migratory ability of HCC cell lines (Hep3B and Huh7). Wound healing, Transwell migration and invasion, and colony-formation assays, as well as flow cytometry, were used to analyze cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related and apoptotic proteins were assessed by western blotting. The mitochondrial membrane potential of the Hep3B and Huh7 cells was observed with tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. PF treatment significantly decreased the proliferation of Hep3B and Huh7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ROS levels, decreased the protein levels of Bcl-2, and increased the protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and 9, suggesting that PF mediated HCC apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway. Our findings showed that PF prevented HCC cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the EMT process and downregulating MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. The results suggest the potential anticancer effects of PF by inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and reducing the invasion and migration of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvesh Munakarmi
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Lokendra Chand
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Beak Shin
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Usama Khamis Hussein
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Environmental and BioSource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ryong Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungnam University, Masanhappo‑gu, Changwon‑si 631‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jun Jeong
- Laboratory of Liver Regeneration, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Khotimchenko M, Tiasto V, Kalitnik A, Begun M, Khotimchenko R, Leonteva E, Bryukhovetskiy I, Khotimchenko Y. Antitumor potential of carrageenans from marine red algae. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 246:116568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rademacher M, Kuhn H, Borchert A. Systemic deficiency of mouse arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase induces defective erythropoiesis and transgenic expression of the human enzyme rescues this phenotype. FASEB J 2020; 34:14318-14335. [PMID: 32918502 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000408rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenases (ALOX15) are lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which has previously been implicated in the maturational breakdown of intracellular organelles and plasma membrane remodeling during reticulocyte-erythrocyte transition. Conventional Alox15-/- mice are viable, develop normally but do not exhibit a major defective erythropoietic phenotype. To characterize the putative in vivo relevance of Alox15 for red blood cell development, we explored the impact of systemic inactivation of the Alox15 gene on mouse erythropoiesis. We found that Alox15-/- mice exhibited reduced erythrocyte counts, elevated reticulocyte counts and red cell hyperchromia. The structure of the plasma membrane of Alox15-/- erythrocytes is altered and a significant share of the red cells was present as echinocytes and/or acanthocytes. An increased share of the Alox15-/- erythrocytes cells were annexin V positive, which indicates a loss of plasma membrane asymmetry. Erythrocytes of Alox15-/- mice were more susceptible to osmotic hemolysis and exhibited a reduced ex vivo life span. When we transgenically expressed human ALOX15 in Alox15-/- mice under the control of the aP2 promoter the defective erythropoietic system was rescued and the impaired osmotic resistance was normalized. Together these data suggest the involvement Alox15 in the maturational remodeling of the plasma membrane during red cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Rademacher
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Borchert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
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Mohamed L, Chakraborty S, ArulJothi KN, Mabasa L, Sayah K, Costa-Lotufo LV, Jardine A, Prince S. Galenia africana plant extract exhibits cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells by inducing multiple programmed cell death pathways. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1155-1165. [PMID: 33132708 PMCID: PMC7584788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and the second most common cause of cancer-related death among women. There is therefore a need to identify more efficacious therapies for this neoplasm. Galenia africana (Kraalbos) is a perennial shrub found in Southern Africa and is used by the indigenous people to treat various ailments. There has therefore been much interest to establish the scientific basis for the medicinal properties of Kraalbos. This study aimed to investigate and characterise the anti-cancer activity of an ethanolic extract of Kraalbos leaves, KB2, against oestrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and triple negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. LC-MS/MS analyses identified the phytochemicals 7′-hydroxyflavanone, 5′,7'-dihydroxyflavanone, 2′,4′-dihydroxydihydrochalcone and 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone in KB2. KB2 exhibited an IC50 of 114 µg/ml and 130.5 µg/ml in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells respectively, selectively inhibited their long-term survival and reduced their migration which correlated with a decrease in EMT markers. It induced oxidative stress (ROS), DNA damage (increased levels of γ-H2AX), and triggered cell cycle arrests in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Importantly, KB2 activated intrinsic (cleaved caspase 9) and extrinsic (cleaved caspase 8) apoptosis, necroptosis (p-RIP3 and the downstream target of the necrosome, pMLKL) and autophagy (LC3II). Co-treatment of the breast cancer cells with KB2 and the autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 resulted in a significant increase in cell viability which suggests that KB2 induced autophagy is a cell death mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqmaan Mohamed
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Suparna Chakraborty
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - K N ArulJothi
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, Chennai 603203, India
| | | | - Kenza Sayah
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Anwar Jardine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, SP, Brazil
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44
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Hanikoglu A, Ozben H, Hanikoglu F, Ozben T. Hybrid Compounds & Oxidative Stress Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Therapy. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:2118-2132. [PMID: 30027838 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719145819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Elevated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generated by the conventional cancer therapies and the endogenous production of ROS have been observed in various types of cancers. In contrast to the harmful effects of oxidative stress in different pathologies other than cancer, ROS can speed anti-tumorigenic signaling and cause apoptosis of tumor cells via oxidative stress as demonstrated in several studies. The primary actions of antioxidants in cells are to provide a redox balance between reduction-oxidation reactions. Antioxidants in tumor cells can scavenge excess ROS, causing resistance to ROS induced apoptosis. Various chemotherapeutic drugs, in their clinical use, have evoked drug resistance and serious side effects. Consequently, drugs having single-targets are not able to provide an effective cancer therapy. Recently, developed hybrid anticancer drugs promise great therapeutic advantages due to their capacity to overcome the limitations encountered with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Hybrid compounds have advantages in comparison to the single cancer drugs which have usually low solubility, adverse side effects, and drug resistance. This review addresses two important treatments strategies in cancer therapy: oxidative stress induced apoptosis and hybrid anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Hanikoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ozben
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hand and Microsurgery Unit, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Hanikoglu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomris Ozben
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
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Koklesova L, Liskova A, Samec M, Qaradakhi T, Zulli A, Smejkal K, Kajo K, Jakubikova J, Behzadi P, Pec M, Zubor P, Biringer K, Kwon TK, Büsselberg D, Sarria GR, Giordano FA, Golubnitschaja O, Kubatka P. Genoprotective activities of plant natural substances in cancer and chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine. EPMA J 2020; 11:261-287. [PMID: 32547652 PMCID: PMC7272522 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Severe durable changes may occur to the DNA structure caused by exogenous and endogenous risk factors initiating the process of carcinogenesis. By evidence, a large portion of malignancies have been demonstrated as being preventable. Moreover, the targeted prevention of cancer onset is possible, due to unique properties of plant bioactive compounds. Although genoprotective effects of phytochemicals have been well documented, there is an evident lack of articles which would systematically present the spectrum of anticancer effects by phytochemicals, plant extracts, and plant-derived diet applicable to stratified patient groups at the level of targeted primary (cancer development) and secondary (cancer progression and metastatic disease) prevention. Consequently, clinical implementation of knowledge accumulated in the area is still highly restricted. To stimulate coherent co-development of the dedicated plant bioactive compound investigation on one hand and comprehensive cancer preventive strategies on the other hand, the current paper highlights and deeply analyses relevant evidence available in the area. Key molecular mechanisms are presented to detail genoprotective and anticancer activities of plants and phytochemicals. Clinical implementation is discussed. Based on the presented evidence, advanced chemopreventive strategies in the context of 3P medicine are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Liskova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Jakubikova
- Biomedical Research Center SAS, Cancer Research Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- OBGY Health & Care, Ltd., 01001 Zilina, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Biringer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology and School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu, 42601 Korea
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gustavo R. Sarria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank A. Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Golubnitschaja
- Predictive, Preventive and Personalised (3P) Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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Products Derived from Buchenavia tetraphylla Leaves Have In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Protect Tenebrio molitor Larvae against Escherichia coli-Induced Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030046. [PMID: 32188166 PMCID: PMC7151707 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of several diseases (including inflammatory disorders) has traditionally led to the search for new sources of antioxidant compounds. In this work, we report the selection of fractions with high antioxidant action from B. tetraphylla (BT) leaf extracts. In vitro methods (DPPH and ABTS assays; determination of phenolic and flavonoid contents) were used to select products derived from B. tetraphylla with high antioxidant action. Then, the samples with the highest potentials were evaluated in a model of injury based on the inoculation of a lethal dose of heat-inactivated Escherichia coli in Tenebrio molitor larvae. Due to its higher antioxidant properties, the methanolic extract (BTME) was chosen to be fractionated using Sephadex LH-20 column-based chromatography. Two fractions from BTME (BTFC and BTFD) were the most active fractions. Pre-treatment with these fractions protected larvae of T. molitor from the stress induced by inoculation of heat-inactivated E. coli. Similarly, BTFC and BTFD increased the lifespan of larvae infected with a lethal dose of enteroaggregative E. coli 042. NMR data indicated the presence of aliphatic compounds (terpenes, fatty acids, carbohydrates) and aromatic compounds (phenolic compounds). These findings suggested that products derived from B. tetraphylla leaves are promising candidates for the development of antioxidant and anti-infective agents able to treat oxidative-related dysfunctions.
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Pandey K, Tripathi SK, Panda M, Biswal BK. Prooxidative activity of plumbagin induces apoptosis in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells via intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104788. [PMID: 32027944 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients remains extremely poor thus, the need for the development of new therapeutic options is crucial. Plumbagin, a naphthoquinone derivative from Plumbago indica has been found to possess various pharmacological properties including anticancer activity. The present study was designed to investigate the inhibitory potential of plumbagin and associated mechanisms in pancreatic cancer cells. Fluorescence and flow cytometric analysis exhibited an increased percentage of apoptotic cells in both monolayer culture and 3D tumor spheroids. Upon plumbagin treatment, reactive oxygen species content of the cancer cells escalated and prompted alleviation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis. Interestingly, N-acetylcysteine inhibited the plumbagin induced apoptosis. We also found that the expression of Bcl-2 protein decreased and the expression of Bax protein increased. Moreover, plumbagin treatment led to upregulation of cleaved caspase-3 and caspase-9. These results support the views that plumbagin induced stress signals by damaging mitochondria and induce ROS mediated apoptosis via intrinsic apoptotic signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. To summarize, our study suggests that plumbagin may be utilized as a future anti-cancer therapy agent against pancreatic cancer, which is a major threat owing to its stubborn intransigence towards current treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Pandey
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Surya Kant Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Munmun Panda
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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Saraiva N, Costa JG, Reis C, Almeida N, Rijo P, Fernandes AS. Anti-Migratory and Pro-Apoptotic Properties of Parvifloron D on Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010158. [PMID: 31963771 PMCID: PMC7023143 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are important sources of new bioactive compounds with potential anticancer activity. Parvifloron D (ParvD) is an abietane diterpenoid, isolated in high amounts from Plectranthus ecklonii Benth. Previous reports have suggested potential therapeutic properties for ParvD. ParvD has shown pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects in leukemia and melanoma cell lines. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are no studies in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. TNBC is a breast cancer subtype characterized by an aggressive behavior with poor clinical outcomes and weak overall therapeutic responses to the current treatment options. This work aimed at evaluating the anticancer effect of ParvD in MDA-MB-231 cells, a model of human TNBC. To obtain sufficient amounts of purified ParvD the efficiency of several extraction methods was compared. ParvD (0.1–10 µM) decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with ParvD (5 µM) significantly increased the percentage of apoptotic nuclei and exposure to 3 µM ParvD increased the sub-G1 population. Since altered cell adherence, migration, and invasion are determinant processes for the formation of metastases, the effect of ParvD on these cellular processes was tested. Although treatment with ParvD (1 µM) had no effect on cell-substrate attachment, ParvD (1 µM) significantly reduced cell chemotaxis and invasion. This is the first report describing the proapoptotic effect of ParvD in TNBC cells. Moreover, for the first time we have shown that ParvD reduces cell motility, unraveling potential anti-metastatic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Saraiva
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.S.); (J.G.C.); (C.R.); (N.A.); (P.R.)
| | - João G. Costa
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.S.); (J.G.C.); (C.R.); (N.A.); (P.R.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Reis
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.S.); (J.G.C.); (C.R.); (N.A.); (P.R.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno Almeida
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.S.); (J.G.C.); (C.R.); (N.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.S.); (J.G.C.); (C.R.); (N.A.); (P.R.)
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Fernandes
- CBIOS, Universidade Lusófona Research Center for Biosciences & Health Technologies, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal; (N.S.); (J.G.C.); (C.R.); (N.A.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Rajamanickam V, Yan T, Wu L, Zhao Y, Xu X, Zhu H, Chen X, Wang M, Liu Z, Liu Z, Liang G, Wang Y. Allylated Curcumin Analog CA6 Inhibits TrxR1 and Leads to ROS-Dependent Apoptotic Cell Death in Gastric Cancer Through Akt-FoxO3a. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:247-263. [PMID: 32021440 PMCID: PMC6968823 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s227415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths. Allylated monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin (MACs) have been reported to selectively inhibit a broad range of human cancers including gastric cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory activities of MACs are not fully known. Methods In this study, we examined the anti-tumor activities of an allylated MAC, CA6, on gastric cancer cells and gastric cancer xenograft mouse model. The potential molecular anti-tumor mechanisms of CA6 were also elucidated. Results Our data show that CA6 exhibited significant cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells, which was seen as an induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. These activities were mediated through an elaboration of ROS levels in gastric cancer cells and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. CA6 increased ROS levels through directly binding to and inhibiting thioredoxin reductase R1 (TrxR1). Also, CA6-generated ROS inhibited Akt and activated forkhead O3A (FoxO3a), causing cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells. Finally, CA6 treatment dose-dependently reduced the growth of gastric cancer xenografts in tumor-bearing mice, which was associated with reduced TrxR1 activity and increased ROS in the tumor. Conclusion In summary, our studies demonstrate that CA6 inhibited gastric cancer growth by inhibiting TrxR1 and increasing ROS, which in turn activated FoxO3a through suppressing Akt. CA6 is a potential candidate for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothkumar Rajamanickam
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yan
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangrong Wu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Zhu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihong Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhoudi Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, People's Republic of China
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50
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Wang J, Deng H, Zhang J, Wu D, Li J, Ma J, Dong W. α‐Hederin induces the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells accompanied by glutathione decrement and reactive oxygen species generation via activating mitochondrial dependent pathway. Phytother Res 2019; 34:601-611. [PMID: 31777126 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing PR China
| | - Huanying Deng
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
| | - Weiguo Dong
- Department of GastroenterologyRenmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan PR China
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