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Alshehri FF, Alshehri ZS. Network pharmacology-based screening of active constituents of Avicennia marina and their clinical biochemistry related mechanism against breast cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4506-4521. [PMID: 37306420 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second major cause of cancer death in women globally. Avicennia marina is a medicinal plant that belongs to the family Acanthaceae and is known as grey or white mangrove. It has antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activity in the treatment of various diseases including cancer. The goal of the study is to use a network pharmacology method to identify the potential phenomena of bioactive compounds of A. marina in the treatment of breast cancer and explore clinical biochemistry related aspects. A total of 74 active compounds of A. marina were retrieved from various databases as well as a literature review and collectively 429 targets of these compounds were identified by STITCH and Swiss Target Prediction databases. Breast cancer related 15606 potential targets were retrieved from the GeneCards database. A Venn diagram was drawn to find common key targets. To check the biological functions, the GO enrichment and KEGG pathways analysis of 171 key targets were performed through the DAVID database. To understand the interactions among key targets, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) studies were completed using the STRING database, and the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, as well as the compound-target-pathway network, was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.0. Finally, molecular docking analysis of 5 hub genes named tumor protein 53 (TP53), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), interleukin 6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and RAC-alpha serine/threonine protein kinases 1 (AKT1) with the active constituent of A. marina against breast cancer were performed. Additionally, a molecular docking study demonstrates that active drugs have a higher affinity for the target that may be used to decrease breast cancer. The molecular dynamic simulation analysis predicted the very stable behavior of docked complexes with no global structure deviations seen. The MMGBSA further supported strong intermolecular interactions with net energy values as; AKT1_Betulinic_acid (-20.97 kcal/mol), AKT1_Stigmasterol (-44.56 kcal/mol), TNF_Betulinic_acid (-28.68 kcal/mol) and TNF_Stigmastero (-29.47 kcal/mol).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Falah Alshehri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafer Saad Alshehri
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, Saudi Arabia
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Panchakul C, Thongdeeying P, Itharat A, Pipatrattanaseree W, Kongkwamcharoen C, Davies NM. Analytical determination, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Bhamrung-Lohit a traditional Thai medicine. Res Pharm Sci 2023; 18:449-467. [PMID: 37614616 PMCID: PMC10443669 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.378091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Bhamrung-Lohit (BRL) remedy is a traditional Thai medicine (TTM). There are few reports of biological activity, the activity of its constituent plants, or quantitative analytical methods for the content of phytochemicals. In this study, we investigated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid content and validated a new analytical method for BRL. Experimental approach Antioxidant activity was evaluated by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging. The cellular antioxidant activity was evaluated by inhibition of the superoxide anion (O2●-) production from HL-60 cells and anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 cells. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, respectively. Validated analytical procedures were conducted according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Findings/Results An ethanolic extract of BRL exerted potent DPPH radical scavenging activity and moderate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Caesalpinia sappan exerted the greatest effect and the highest content of total phenolics and flavonoids. The HPLC method validated parameters that complied with ICH requirements. Each peak showed selectivity with a baseline resolution of 2.0 and precision was less than 2.0% CV. The linearity of all compounds was > 0.999 and the recovery % was within 98.0%-102.0%. The validated results demonstrated specificity/selectivity, linearity, precision, and accuracy with appropriate LOD and LOQ. Conclusion and implication BRL remedy, a TTM demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is the first report on the biological activity and the validation of an HPLC method for BRL remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitralada Panchakul
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakakrong Thongdeeying
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120 Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Weerachai Pipatrattanaseree
- Regional Medical Science Center 12 Songkhla, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, 90100, Thailand
| | - Chonthicha Kongkwamcharoen
- Graduate School of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Neal M. Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G2E1, Canada
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Wu Z, Shang X, Liu G, Xie Y. Comparative analysis of flavonoids, polyphenols and volatiles in roots, stems and leaves of five mangroves. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15529. [PMID: 37366424 PMCID: PMC10290835 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polyphenols, and volatiles, which are important for their survival and adaptation to the coastal environment, as well as for producing bioactive compounds. To reveal differences in these compounds among five mangrove species' leaf, root, and stem, the total contents of flavonoids and polyphenols, types and contents of volatiles were determined, analyzed and compared. The results showed that Avicennia marina leaves contained the highest levels of flavonoids and phenolics. In mangrove parts, flavonoids are usually higher than phenolic compounds. A total of 532 compounds were detected by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method in the leaf, root, and stem parts of five mangrove species. These were grouped into 18 classes, including alcohols, aldehydes, alkaloids, alkanes, etc. The number of volatile compounds in A. ilicifolius (176) and B. gymnorrhiza (172) was lower than in the other three species. The number of volatile compounds and their relative contents differed among all three parts of five mangrove species, where the mangrove species factor had a greater impact than the part factor. A total of 71 common compounds occurring in more than two species or parts were analyzed by a PLS-DA model. One-way ANOVA revealed 18 differential compounds among mangrove species and nine differential compounds among parts. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that both unique and common compounds significantly differed in composition and concentration between species and parts. In general, A. ilicifolius and B. gymnorrhiza differed significantly from the other species in terms of compound content, while the leaves differed significantly from the other parts. VIP screening and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on 17 common compounds closely related to mangrove species or parts. These compounds were mainly involved in terpenoid pathways such as C10 isoprenoids and C15 isoprenoids and fatty alcohols. The correlation analysis showed that the content of flavonoids/phenolics, the number of compounds, and the content of some common compounds in mangroves were correlated with their salt and waterlogging tolerance levels. These findings will help in the development of genetic varieties and medicinal utilization of mangrove plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- School of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuhua Shang
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaojian Xie
- Research Institute of Fast-growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
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Sohaib M, Al-Barakah FN, Migdadi HM, Husain FM. Comparative study among Avicennia marina, Phragmites australis, and Moringa oleifera based ethanolic-extracts for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:111-122. [PMID: 36105270 PMCID: PMC9465519 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial resistance and other emerging health risk problems related to the side effects of synthetic drugs are the major factors that result in the research regarding natural products. Fruits, leaves, seeds, and oils-based phyto-constituents are the most important source of pharmaceutical products. Plant extract chemistry depends largely on species, plant components, solvent utilized, and extraction technique. This study was aimed to compare the ethanolic extracts of a mangrove plant, i.e., Avicennia marina (1E: Lower half of A. marina‘s pneumatophores, 2E: A. marina‘s leaves, 3E: Upper half of A. marina‘s pneumatophores, and 4E: A. marina‘s shoots), with non-mangrove plants, i.e., Phragmites australis (5E: P. australis‘s shoot), and Moringa oleifera (6E: M. oleifera‘s leaves) for their antimicrobial activities, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity potential. The antimicrobial activity assays were performed on gram-positive bacteria (i.e., Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (i.e., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and fungi (i.e., Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Rhizopus spp.). We estimated antioxidant activity by TAC, DPPH, and FRAP assays, and the cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. The results of antimicrobial activities revealed that B. subtilis was the most sensitive to the tested plant extracts compared to S. aureus, while it only showed sensitivity to 6E and Imipenem. 5E and 6E showed statistically similar results against P. aeruginosa as compared to Ceftazidime. E. coli was the most resistant bacteria against tested plant extracts. Among the tested plant extracts, maximum inhibition activity was observed by 6E against A. niger (22 ± 0.57 mm), which was statistically similar to the response of 6E against C. albicans and 3E against Rhizopus spp. 2E did not show any activity against tested fungi. We found that 6E (208.54 ± 1.92 mg g−1) contains maximum phenolic contents followed by 1E (159.42 ± 3.22 mg g−1), 5E (131.08 ± 3.10 mg g−1), 4E (i.e., 72.41 ± 2.96 mg g−1), 3E (67.41 ± 1.68 mg g−1), and 2E (48.72 ± 1.71 mg g−1). The results depict a significant positive correlation between the phenolic contents and the antioxidant activities. As a result, phenolic content may be a natural antioxidant source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib
- Soil Science Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Fahad N.I. Al-Barakah
- Soil Science Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Hussein M. Migdadi
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- National Agricultural Research Center, Baqa 19381, Jordan
| | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Eldohaji LM, Fayed B, Hamoda AM, Ershaid M, Abdin S, Alhamidi TB, Mohammad MG, Omar HA, Soliman SSM. Potential targeting of Hep3B liver cancer cells by lupeol isolated from Avicennia marina. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100120. [PMID: 34085721 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are valuable sources of different active constituents that are known to have important pharmacological activities including anticancer effects. Lupeol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, present in many medicinal plants, has a wide range of biological activities. Although the anticancer activity of lupeol was reported, the published data are inconsistent and the clear mechanism of action has never been assigned. The current study aims at investigating the anticancer specificity and mechanism of lupeol isolated from Avicennia marina, which grows in the desert of the United Arab Emirates. The compound was purified by chromatography and identified by spectroscopy. Compared with a negative control, lupeol caused significant (p < .001) growth inhibitory activity on MCF-7 and Hep3B parental and resistant cells by 45%, 46%, 72%, and 35%, respectively. The mechanism of action of lupeol was further explored by measuring its effect on key players in cancer development and progression, BCL-2 anti-apoptotic and BAX pro-apoptotic proteins. Lupeol significantly (p < .01) downregulated BCL-2 gene expression in parental and resistant Hep3B cells by 33 and 3.5 times, respectively, contributing to the induction of apoptosis in Hep3B cells, whereas it caused no effect on BAX. Furthermore, the immunoblotting analysis revealed that lupeol cleaved the executioner caspase-3 into its active form. Interestingly, lupeol showed no significant effect on the proliferation of monocytes, whereas it caused an increase in the sub-G1 population and a reduction in the apoptosis rates of monocytes at 48 and 72 h, indicative of no immuno-inflammatory responses. Collectively, lupeol can be considered as promising effective and safe anticancer agent, particularly against Hep3B cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen M Eldohaji
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Bahgat Fayed
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Product Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa M Hamoda
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mai Ershaid
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Shifaa Abdin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Tasneem B Alhamidi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mohammad G Mohammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hany A Omar
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
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Singh V, Reddy R, Sinha A, Marturi V, Panditharadyula SS, Bala A. A Review on Phytopharmaceuticals having Concomitant Experimental Anti-diabetic and Anti-cancer Effects as Potential Sources for Targeted Therapies Against Insulin-mediated Breast Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394716999200831113335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and breast cancer are pathophysiologically similar and clinically established
diseases that co-exist with a wider complex similar molecular signalling and having a similar set of
risk factors. Insulin plays a pivotal role in the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. Several
ethnopharmacological evidences shed light on the concomitant anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity
of medicinal plant and phytochemicals against breast tumors of patients with diabetes. This present
article reviewed the findings on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with concomitant antidiabetic
and anti-cancer effects reported in scientific literature to facilitate the development of dual-
acting therapies against diabetes and breast cancer. The schematic tabular form of published literature
on medicinal plants (63 plants belongs to 45 families) concluded the dynamics of phytochemicals
against diabetes and breast tumors that could be explored further for the discovery of therapies
for controlling of breast cancer cell invasion and migration in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibhavana Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Rakesh Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Antarip Sinha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Venkatesh Marturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Shravani S. Panditharadyula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
| | - Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, (NIPER) Hajipur, Export Promotion Industrial Park (EPIP) Hajipur, Bihar 844102, India
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Abu-Odeh AM, Talib WH. Middle East Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Diabetes: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:742. [PMID: 33572627 PMCID: PMC7867005 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health problem, and the number of diabetic patients is in continuous rise. Conventional antidiabetic therapies are associated with high costs and limited efficiency. The use of traditional medicine and plant extracts to treat diabetes is gaining high popularity in many countries. Countries in the Middle East region have a long history of using herbal medicine to treat different diseases, including diabetes. In this review, we compiled and summarized all the in vivo and in vitro studies conducted for plants with potential antidiabetic activity in the Middle East region. Plants of the Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families are the most investigated. It is hoped that this review will contribute scientifically to evidence the ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants as antidiabetic agents. Work has to be done to define tagetes, mechanism of action and the compound responsible for activity. In addition, safety and pharmacokinetic parameters should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa M. Abu-Odeh
- Department of pharmaceutical sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Wamidh H. Talib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman 11931-166, Jordan
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Okla MK, Alatar AA, Al-amri SS, Soufan WH, Ahmad A, Abdel-Maksoud MA. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of the Extracts of Different Parts of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:252. [PMID: 33525519 PMCID: PMC7911470 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased problems associated with side effects and bacterial resistance of chemical drugs has prompted the research focus on herbal medicines in the past few decades. In the present investigation, the antimicrobial activity of the various parts of Avicennia marina (AM), a mangrove plant, has been evaluated. The plants were collected from the Jazan area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Primary extracts of roots, stem, leaves, fruits, and seeds were made in ethanol and fractioned in ethanol, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, chloroform, and water. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were determined against Bacillussubtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. It has been observed that the chloroform extract of roots of the AM exhibited inhibitory effects against both S. aureus (MIC = 1.5 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and E. coli (MIC = 1.7 ± 0.01 mg/mL). The ethanolic extract of the AM roots has shown antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 10.8 ± 0.78 mg/mL), Bacillussubtilis (MIC = 6.1 ± 0.27 mg/mL), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 2.3 ± 0.08 mg/mL), and Escherichia coli (MIC = 6.3 ± 0.28 mg/mL). The leaf extract of the AM in ethyl acetate showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Antifungal activity of these extracts was also investigated against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Ethanolic extract of roots and seeds of the AM has shown antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus when applied individually. Ethanolic extract of the AM fruits has shown an inhibitory effect on the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. It is suggested that the plant extracts of AM have tremendous antimicrobial activity against a group of microbes, and this effect depends on both the plant part and the solvent used for extraction. Therefore, this plant can be considered to treat various diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K. Okla
- Department of Botany, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.-a.)
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alatar
- Department of Botany, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.-a.)
| | - Saud S. Al-amri
- Department of Botany, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.); (S.S.A.-a.)
| | - Walid H. Soufan
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
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Effects of Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extract of Avicennia marina on Apoptotic, Inflammatory, Oxidative Stress, and Lipid Peroxidation Indices and Liver Histology of Type 1 Diabetic Rats. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.99454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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