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Weber VMR, Queiroga MR, Puranda JL, Semeniuk K, Macdonald ML, Dantas DB, da Silva DF, Adamo KB. Role of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Aerobic, Exercise and Sports Participation in Female Cognition: A Scoping Review : Sports, Fitness, and Cognition. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:103. [PMID: 39333320 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on cognition is thought to be mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Aerobic exercise can increase CRF through various activities, including sports participation. The relationship between these factors in females has yet to be elucidated. OBJECTIVE This review aims to map the current literature on the effects of aerobic exercise, sports participation, and CRF in healthy adult females, with sub-topics of pregnancy and menstrual cycle periodicity. METHODS A scoping review of the literature was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and the PCC mnemonic (population, concept, and context). The following five databases were screened: CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Scopus. Eligible articles included healthy adult females, investigated aerobic exercise, sports participation or CRF, and linked outcomes to cognition. Data from included manuscripts was extracted and analyzed. Two sub-population groupings (pregnant individuals and menstrual cycle) were established to further aid the interpretation of the findings. RESULTS Of the 300 titles and abstracts screened, 74 were eligible for full-text screening, and 28 were included in the scoping review. Of the 28 included, 14 did not control for or report on menstrual cycle phase or sex hormones. CONCLUSION This scoping review found an inverse 'U' relationship between aerobic exercise and cognition, demonstrating an optimal dose of aerobic exercise to benefit cognitive functions. As estrogen may impact the relationship between CRF and neural growth factors, more research is needed on this pathway, independent of the menstrual cycle, to determine potential beneficial effects. It is currently unknown whether sports participation can independently impact cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Muller Reis Weber
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physiology to Physical Activity, UNICENTRO, Street Alameda Elio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Vila Carli, Guarapuava, Paraná, 85040-167, Brazil.
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UEM/UEL, Londrina, Brazil.
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Marcos Roberto Queiroga
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physiology to Physical Activity, UNICENTRO, Street Alameda Elio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Vila Carli, Guarapuava, Paraná, 85040-167, Brazil
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UEM/UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jessica L Puranda
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Semeniuk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Diego Bessa Dantas
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physiology to Physical Activity, UNICENTRO, Street Alameda Elio Antonio Dalla Vecchia, 838, Vila Carli, Guarapuava, Paraná, 85040-167, Brazil
- Associated Graduate Program in Physical Education UEM/UEL, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Kristi Bree Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Ibrahim A, Singh DKA, Mat S, Mat Ludin AF, Shahar S. Mediating role of cognitive status on performance in the two-minute step test and its normative data among Malaysian community-dwelling older persons. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:950-955. [PMID: 36207821 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The two-minute step test (2MST) has been used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness and optimum scores are needed for performing activities of daily living with ease among older persons. However, there is limited information on the mediating role of cognitive impairment on 2MST performance and the 2MST normative data. Hence, we aim to identify the mediating role of cognitive status on performance in the 2MST among community-dwelling older adults and to establish the normative values of the 2MST. METHODS Participants aged 60 years and above were recruited through multistage random sampling from four states in Malaysia. The participants performed the 2MST using standard protocols. Mean comparison was done using an independent sample t-test or one-way analysis of variance. The 2MST normative values were then outlined descriptively. RESULTS Older age groups (60-69 years: 65.4 ± 21.9 times; 70-79 years: 61.7 ± 22.9 times; ≥80 years: 51.6 ± 24.5 times) had significantly lower levels of 2MST performance (p < 0.001). Women (56.6 ± 20.9 times) and participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (58.7 ± 21.7 times) also had significantly lower levels of 2MST performance (p < 0.001) compared with men (69.1 ± 20.7 times) and participants with normal cognition (63.7 ± 21.6 times). Cognitive status had a significant mediation effect for age and sex on 2MST performance (p < 0.001). Therefore, the 2MST normative values were stratified according to cognitive status, sex, and age groups. CONCLUSION Validation of these findings in a larger number of older populations with MCI may provide directions for cardiorespiratory fitness training to be emphasised among older persons with MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; ••: ••-••.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azianah Ibrahim
- Physiotherapy Programme & Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Physiotherapy Programme & Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumaiyah Mat
- Physiotherapy Programme & Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Biomedical Science Programme & Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Dietetics Programme & Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dimkpa U, Akammuo I, Uchefuna C, Umahi-Ottah G, Oparaji C, Nwaefulu E. Cardiometabolic determinants of cardiorespiratory fitness at rest, during exercise and post-exercise periods. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/cep220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the relationship between cardiorepiratory fitness (CRF) and cardiometabolic parameters among young Nigerian adults. 100 young adults (50 males, 50 females) aged 20-30 years, selected from College of Health Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria, participated in the study. Subjects’ demographic data and medical information were obtained through the use of structured pre-exercise health and lifestyle screening questionnaire, physical examination and morphometric measurements. Exercise test was carried out using a mechanically braked magnetic ergometer bicycle at an incremental workload of 30 W every 2 min until the subject reached a volitional exhaustion. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured at rest, during exercise and at post-exercise periods. Data indicated a significantly (Ρ<0.05) lower resting HR and rate pressure product (RPP), but higher targeted HR reserve, %RPP increase, peak oxygen pulse, cardiac output, exercise duration and work rate compared with the intermediate and unfit groups in both sexes. Age and BMI adjusted correlation test also indicated significant associations between peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and resting HR, resting RPP, targeted HR reserve, oxygen pulse, cardiac output, % RPP increase, actual HR reserve, exercise duration, and work rate. In contrast, resting BP, resting pulse pressure, peak systolic blood pressure (SBP), peak HR, percentage maximum HR, SBP recovery and HR recovery did not correlate with peak VO2. The present findings suggest that a multiple approach involving both metabolic and cardiovascular interventions might be appropriate when implementing strategies to enhance CRF and improve general well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- U. Dimkpa
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B. 5025, 420211 Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - I. Akammuo
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B. 5025, 420211 Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - C.R. Uchefuna
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B. 5025, 420211 Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - G. Umahi-Ottah
- Department of Human Physiology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, 231 Ikwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - C. Oparaji
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - E.K. Nwaefulu
- Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, P.M.B. 5025, 420211 Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
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Kundu S, Huang H, Erickson KI, McAuley E, Kramer AF, Rohde GK. Investigating impact of cardiorespiratory fitness in reducing brain tissue loss caused by ageing. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab228. [PMID: 34917939 PMCID: PMC8669566 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitigating the loss of brain tissue due to age is a major problem for an ageing population. Improving cardiorespiratory fitness has been suggested as a possible strategy, but the influenceon brain morphology has not been fully characterized. To investigate the dependent shifts in brain tissue distribution as a function of cardiorespiratory fitness, we used a 3D transport-based morphometry approach. In this study of 172 inactive older adults aged 58-81 (66.5 ± 5.7) years, cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by VO 2 peak (ml/kg/min) during graded exercise and brain morphology was assessed through structural magnetic resonance imaging. After correcting for covariates including age (in the fitness model), gender and level of education, we compared dependent tissue shifts with age to those due to V O 2 peak . We found a significant association between cardiorespiratory fitness and brain tissue distribution (white matter, r = 0.30, P = 0.003; grey matter, r = 0.40, P < 0.001) facilitated by direct visualization of the brain tissue shifts due to cardiorespiratory fitness through inverse transformation-a key capability of 3D transport-based morphometry. A strong statistical correlation was found between brain tissue changes related to ageing and those associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness (white matter, r = 0.62, P < 0.001; grey matter, r = 0.74, P < 0.001). In both cases, frontotemporal regions shifted the most while basal ganglia shifted the least. Our results highlight the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness in maintaining brain health later in life. Furthermore, this work demonstrates 3D transport-based morphometry as a novel neuroinformatic technology that may aid assessment of therapeutic approaches for brain ageing and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjini Kundu
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haiqing Huang
- Brain Aging & Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Brain Aging & Cognitive Health Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Edward McAuley
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gustavo K Rohde
- Biomedical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 29908, USA
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Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Lamonja-Vicente N, Torán-Monserrat P, Pera G, Montero P, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Bermudo-Gallaguet A, Bherer L, Erickson KI, Mataró M. Sex Matters in the Association between Physical Activity and Fitness with Cognition. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1252-1259. [PMID: 33394900 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The benefits from physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) on normal age-related cognitive decline might be sex dependent. Our aim was to explore the relationship between different types of PA, CRF, and cognition and to identify the mediating effects of CRF in the association between PA and cognition in women and men. METHODS We recruited 115 healthy adults 50-70 yr of age. We obtained demographic, cognitive, and PA status data based on the Projecte Moviment protocol. We calculated cognitive domains by grouping z-sample scores. We obtained self-reported total energy expenditure during the last month and grouped it into sportive PA (S-PA) and nonsportive PA (NS-PA). CRF was estimated using the Rockport 1-Mile Walk Test. We applied regression models and mediation analyses in a final sample of 104 individuals (65 women and 39 men). RESULTS In the total sample, CRF was positively associated with executive function, verbal memory, and attention-speed. S-PA was positively related to executive function and attention-speed, whereas NS-PA was unrelated to cognitive domains. Greater amounts of S-PA were associated with executive function and attention-speed for both women and men. Higher CRF was associated with executive function, memory, language, and attention-speed only in men. Mediation analyses showed that CRF was a significant mediator of the positive effects of S-PA on executive function and attention-speed in men but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Both women and men show cognitive benefits from greater S-PA, but not from NS-PA. However, there were sex differences in the mediating effects of CRF in this relationship, showing that CRF was mediating these benefits only in men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN
| | | | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, ICS-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Mataró, SPAIN
| | - Guillem Pera
- Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, ICS-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Mataró, SPAIN
| | - Pilar Montero
- Primary Healthcare Research Support Unit Metropolitana Nord, ICS-IDIAP Jordi Gol, Mataró, SPAIN
| | - Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN
| | - Adrià Bermudo-Gallaguet
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, SPAIN
| | | | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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Gassmann NN, Matthes KL, Eppenberger P, Brabec M, Panczak R, Zwahlen M, Bender N, Wyss T, Rühli FJ, Staub K. Residential Altitude Associates With Endurance but Not Muscle Power in Young Swiss Men. Front Physiol 2020; 11:860. [PMID: 32792981 PMCID: PMC7390881 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical fitness benefits health. However, there is a research gap on how physical fitness, particularly aerobic endurance capacity and muscle power, is influenced by residential altitude, blood parameters, weight, and other cofactors in a population living at low to moderate altitudes (300–2100 masl). Materials and Methods We explored how endurance and muscle power performance changes with residential altitude, Body Mass Index (BMI), hemoglobin and creatinine levels among 108,677 Swiss men aged 18–22 years (covering >90% of Swiss birth cohorts) conscripted to the Swiss Armed Forces between 2007 and 2012. The test battery included a blood test of about 65%, a physical evaluation of about 85%, and the BMI of all conscripts. Results Residential altitude was significantly associated with endurance (p < 0.001) but not with muscle power performance (p = 0.858) after adjusting for all available cofactors. Higher BMI showed the greatest negative association with both endurance and muscle power performance. For muscle power performance, the association with creatinine levels was significant. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin levels were stronger contributors in explaining endurance than muscle power performance. Conclusion We found a significant association between low to moderate residential altitude and aerobic endurance capacity even after adjustment for hemoglobin, creatinine, BMI and sociodemographic factors. Non-assessed factors such as vitamin D levels, air pollution, and lifestyle aspects may explain the presented remaining association partially and could also be associated with residential altitude. Monitoring the health and fitness of young people and their determinants is important and of practical concern for disease prevention and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norina N Gassmann
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katarina L Matthes
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Eppenberger
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marek Brabec
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radoslav Panczak
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - Marcel Zwahlen
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Bender
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wyss
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen SFISM, Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Frank J Rühli
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar Staub
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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