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Ferdous SE, Ferrell JM. Pathophysiological Relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8731. [PMID: 39201418 PMCID: PMC11354927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often featuring hyperglycemia or insulin resistance, is a global health concern that is increasing in prevalence in the United States and worldwide. A common complication is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome that is also rapidly increasing in prevalence. The majority of patients with T2DM will experience MASLD, and likewise, individuals with MASLD are at an increased risk for developing T2DM. These two disorders may act synergistically, in part due to increased lipotoxicity and inflammation within the liver, among other causes. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear, as is how the improvement of one disorder can ameliorate the other. This review aims to discuss the pathogenic interactions between T2D and MASLD, and will highlight novel therapeutic targets and ongoing clinical trials for the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifat-E Ferdous
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Jessica M. Ferrell
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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2
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Villasenor M, Selzer AR. Preoperative Patient Evaluation: Newer Hypoglycemic Agents. Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 42:41-52. [PMID: 38278591 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
New medications in the treatment of diabetes are an active area of research and drug development. Although many hypoglycemic therapies have been in use for decades, new evidence continues to emerge highlighting benefits of these medications for other indications. In this article, the authors review the classes of newer hypoglycemic agents and summarize medications currently in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials. The literature to support specific recommendations for perioperative management is scant, however, where it exists, we have included it. In other instances, the authors have noted a reasonable approach based on pharmacokinetics and principles of perioperative medication management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villasenor
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Roberts Selzer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Wong Chong E, Joncas FH, Douville P, Bachvarov D, Diorio C, Calon F, Bergeron AC, Blais J, Leung SOA, Seidah NG, Gangloff A. Pre-operative levels of angiopoietin protein-like 3 (ANGPTL3) in women diagnosed with high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:59. [PMID: 38414008 PMCID: PMC10898078 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells need constant supplies of lipids to survive and grow. Lipid dependence has been observed in various types of cancer, including high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), which is a lethal form of gynecological malignancy. ANGPTL3, PCSK9, and Apo CIII are pivotal lipid-modulating factors, and therapeutic antibodies have been developed against each one (Evinacumab, Evolocumab and Volanesorsen, respectively). The roles -if any- of ANGPTL3, PCSK9, and Apo CIII in HGSOC are unclear. Moreover, levels of these lipid-modulating factors have never been reported before in HGSOC. In this study, circulating levels of ANGPTL3, PCSK9, and Apo CIII, along with lipid profiles, are examined to verify whether one or many of these lipid-regulating factors are associated with HGSOC. Methods ELISA kits were used to measure ANGPTL3, PCSK9 and Apo CIII levels in plasma samples from 31 women with HGSOC and 40 women with benign ovarian lesions (BOL) before treatment and surgery. A Roche Modular analytical platform measured lipid panels, Apo B and Lp(a) levels.Results ANGPTL3 levels were higher in women with HGSOC (84 ng/mL, SD: 29 ng/mL, n = 31) than in women with BOL (67 ng/mL, SD: 31 ng/mL, n = 40; HGSOC vs. BOL P = 0.019). Associations between the lipid panel and ANGPTL3, and the inverse relationship between HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, were present in women with BOL but not with HGSOC. PCSK9 and Apo CIII were not associated with HGSOC.Conclusions In this cohort of 71 women, ANGPTL3 levels were increased in HGSOC patients. The presence of HGSOC disrupted the classic inverse relationship between HDL and triglycerides, as well as the association between the lipid panel and ANGPTL3. These associations were only maintained in cancer-free women. Given the availability of Evinacumab, a therapeutic antibody against ANGPTL3, the current finding prompts an assessment of whether ANGPTL3 inhibition has therapeutic potential in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Wong Chong
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Réseau de Recherche sur le Cancer, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Oncology Research Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - France-Hélène Joncas
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Oncology Research Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Douville
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Réseau de Recherche sur le Cancer, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Oncology Research Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Dimcho Bachvarov
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Réseau de Recherche sur le Cancer, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Oncology Research Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Réseau de Recherche sur le Cancer, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Oncology Research Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Neuroscience Research Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jonatan Blais
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Lipid Clinic, Room C-00102, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Shuk On Annie Leung
- Réseau de Recherche sur le Cancer, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nabil Georges Seidah
- Laboratory of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Gangloff
- Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer (CRC) de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Réseau de Recherche sur le Cancer, 9 McMahon, Québec, QC, G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Oncology Research Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Lipid Clinic, Room C-00102, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Ai JY, Zhao PC, Zhang W, Rao GW. Research Progress in the Clinical Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1082-1106. [PMID: 36733200 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230202111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant inheritable disease with severe disorders of lipid metabolism. It is mainly marked by increasing levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), xanthoma, corneal arch, and early-onset coronary heart disease (CHD). The prevalence of FH is high, and it is dangerous and clinically underdiagnosed. The clinical treatment for FH includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, of which non-pharmacological treatment mainly includes therapeutic lifestyle change and dietary therapy, LDL apheresis, liver transplantation and gene therapy. In recent years, many novel drugs have been developed to treat FH more effectively. In addition, the continuous maturity of non-pharmacological treatment techniques has also brought more hope for the treatment of FH. This paper analyzes the pathogenic mechanism and the progress in clinical treatment of FH. Furthermore, it also summarizes the mechanism and structure-activity relationship of FH therapeutic drugs that have been marketed. In a word, this article provides a reference value for the research and development of FH therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Ai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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Kurooka N, Eguchi J, Wada J. Role of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 in hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1148-1156. [PMID: 37448184 PMCID: PMC10512915 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In diabetes, the impairment of insulin secretion and insulin resistance contribute to hypertriglyceridemia, as the enzymatic activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) depends on insulin action. The transport of LPL to endothelial cells and its enzymatic activity are maintained by the formation of lipolytic complex depending on the multiple positive (glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 [GPIHBP1], apolipoprotein C-II [APOC2], APOA5, heparan sulfate proteoglycan [HSPG], lipase maturation factor 1 [LFM1] and sel-1 suppressor of lin-12-like [SEL1L]) and negative regulators (APOC1, APOC3, angiopoietin-like proteins [ANGPTL]3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8). Among the regulators, GPIHBP1 is a crucial molecule for the translocation of LPL from parenchymal cells to the luminal surface of capillary endothelial cells, and maintenance of lipolytic activity; that is, hydrolyzation of triglyceride into free fatty acids and monoglyceride, and conversion from chylomicron to chylomicron remnant in the exogenous pathway and from very low-density lipoprotein to low-density lipoprotein in the endogenous pathway. The null mutation of GPIHBP1 causes severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis, and GPIGBP1 autoantibody syndrome also causes severe hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis. In patients with type 2 diabetes, the elevated serum triglyceride levels negatively correlate with circulating LPL levels, and positively with circulating APOC1, APOC3, ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8 levels. In contrast, circulating GPIHBP1 levels are not altered in type 2 diabetes patients with higher serum triglyceride levels, whereas they are elevated in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. The circulating regulators of lipolytic complex might be new biomarkers for lipid and glucose metabolism, and diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Kurooka
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Jun Eguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Jun Wada
- Department of Nephrology, Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
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Dell'Accio F, De Bari C. Towards disease modification in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1154-1155. [PMID: 37196976 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In December 2022, Gerwin et al published in Nature Medicine that the C-terminal portion of angiopoietin-like 3, called LNA043, has chondroprotective and cartilage-regenerative properties. Molecular data from an experimental medicine phase I study suggested potential efficacy in humans. Here, we respond to and complement a commentary from Vincent and Conaghan and discuss unresolved issues and the potential of this molecule as a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, UK.
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Azadi SM, Fadaei R, Omid-Shafaat R, Hosseini J, Moradi N. Elevated angiopoietin-like protein 3 serum levels in diabetic nephropathy patients and its association with renal function and lipid profile. BMC Nephrol 2023; 24:172. [PMID: 37312105 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-023-03214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease that has life-threatening consequences like micro and macrovascular complication. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the common consequences of T2DM which is related to secretory factors like hepatokines. Angiopoietin-Like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a hepatokine that is perturbated in cardiometabolic diseases and experimental studies showed its effect on renal functions and lipid metabolism. For the first time, ANGPTL3 was measured in patients with T2DM and DN in the present study. METHODS Serum levels of ANGPTL3, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured in 60 healthy control, 60 T2DM patients, and 61 DN patients. RESULTS Serum levels of ANGPTL3 increased in T2DM (252.39 ± 66.01) and DN (284.59 ± 69.27) patients compared to controls (160.22 ± 48.96), and DN patients compared with T2DM patients. Urinary albumin excretion (UAE) was higher in the DN group compared to T2DM and control groups. Moreover, serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were elevated in both patient groups compared to controls. Moreover, ANGPTL3 represented a positive correlation with triglycerides, creatinine, and UAE in patients with both T2DM and DN groups and showed an inverse correlation with eGFR in patients with DN. Moreover, this hepatokine had a good potential to differentiate patients from controls, especially, DN patients. CONCLUSIONS these findings provide invivo evidence for the relation of ANGPTL3 with renal dysfunction and hypertriglyceridemia in patients with DN which is in line with experimental findings and suggested a potential role for this hepatokine in DN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Mohassel Azadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ramtin Omid-Shafaat
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jalil Hosseini
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Phillips IR, Veeravalli S, Khadayate S, Shephard EA. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of Fmo5-/- mice reveal roles for flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) in NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, unfolded protein response, lipid homeostasis, and carbohydrate and one-carbon metabolism. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286692. [PMID: 37267233 PMCID: PMC10237457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 5 (FMO5) is a member of the FMO family of proteins, best known for their roles in the detoxification of foreign chemicals and, more recently, in endogenous metabolism. We have previously shown that Fmo5-/- mice display an age-related lean phenotype, with much reduced weight gain from 20 weeks of age. The phenotype is characterized by decreased fat deposition, lower plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and cholesterol, higher glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. In the present study we report the use of metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of livers of Fmo5-/- and wild-type mice to identify factors underlying the lean phenotype of Fmo5-/- mice and gain insights into the function of FMO5. Metabolomics was performed by the Metabolon platform, utilising ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. Transcriptomics was performed by RNA-Seq and results analysed by DESeq2. Disruption of the Fmo5 gene has wide-ranging effects on the abundance of metabolites and expression of genes in the liver. Metabolites whose concentration differed between Fmo5-/- and wild-type mice include several saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, complex lipids, amino acids, one-carbon intermediates and ADP-ribose. Among the genes most significantly and/or highly differentially expressed are Apoa4, Cd36, Fitm1, Hspa5, Hyou1, Ide, Me1 and Mme. The results reveal that FMO5 is involved in upregulating the NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, the unfolded protein response and response to hypoxia and cellular stress, indicating a role for the enzyme in adaptation to oxidative and metabolic stress. FMO5 also plays a role in stimulating a wide range of metabolic pathways and processes, particularly ones involved in lipid homeostasis, the uptake and metabolism of glucose, the generation of cytosolic NADPH, and in one-carbon metabolism. The results predict that FMO5 acts by stimulating the NRF2, XBP1, PPARA and PPARG regulatory pathways, while inhibiting STAT1 and IRF7 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R. Phillips
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil Veeravalli
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sanjay Khadayate
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth A. Shephard
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Bohn B, Lutsey PL, Tang W, Pankow JS, Norby FL, Yu B, Ballantyne CM, Whitsel EA, Matsushita K, Demmer RT. A proteomic approach for investigating the pleiotropic effects of statins in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study. J Proteomics 2023; 272:104788. [PMID: 36470581 PMCID: PMC9819193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins are prescribed to reduce LDL-c and risk of CVD. Statins have pleiotropic effects, affecting pathophysiological functions beyond LDL-c reduction. We compared the proteome of statin users and nonusers (controls). We hypothesized that statin use is associated with proteins unrelated to lipid metabolism. METHODS Among 10,902 participants attending ARIC visit 3 (1993-95), plasma concentrations of 4955 proteins were determined using SOMAlogic's DNA aptamer-based capture array. 379 participants initiated statins within the 2 years prior. Propensity scores (PS) were calculated based on visit 2 (1990-92) LDL-c levels and visit 3 demographic/clinical characteristics. 360 statin users were PS matched to controls. Log2-transformed and standardized protein levels were compared using t-tests, with false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment for multiple comparisons. Analyses were replicated in visit 2. RESULTS Covariates were balanced after PS matching, except for higher visit 3 LDL-c levels among controls (125.70 vs 147.65 mg/dL; p < 0.0001). Statin users had 11 enriched and 11 depleted protein levels after FDR adjustment (q < 0.05). Proteins related and unrelated to lipid metabolism differed between groups. Results were largely replicated in visit 2. CONCLUSION Proteins unrelated to lipid metabolism differed by statin use. Pending external validation, exploring their biological functions could elucidate pleiotropic effects of statins. SIGNIFICANCE Statins are the primary pharmacotherapy for lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. Their primary mechanism of action is through inhibiting the protein 3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) in the mevalonate pathway of LDL cholesterol synthesis. However, statins have pleiotropic effects and may affect other biological processes directly or indirectly, with hypothesized negative and positive effects. The present study contributes to identifying these pathways by comparing the proteome of stain users and nonusers with propensity score matching. Our findings highlight potential biological mechanisms underlying statin pleiotropy, informing future efforts to identify statin users at risk of rare nonatherosclerotic outcomes and identify health benefits of statin use independent of LDL-C reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bohn
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Pamela L Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Weihong Tang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Faye L Norby
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Bing Yu
- Baylor College of Medicine, United States of America
| | | | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina - Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Kunihiro Matsushita
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Ryan T Demmer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, United States of America.
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Shikida R, Kim M, Futohashi M, Nishihara K, Lee H, Suzuki Y, Baek Y, Masaki T, Ikuta K, Iwamoto E, Uemoto Y, Haga S, Terada F, Roh S. Physiological roles and regulation of hepatic angiopoietin-like protein 3 in Japanese Black cattle (Bos taurus) during the fattening period. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad198. [PMID: 37317898 PMCID: PMC10294557 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is expressed predominantly in the liver and plays a major role in regulating the circulating triglyceride and lipoprotein fraction concentrations by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity. Given these physiological roles, ANGPTL3 may play an important role in metabolic changes related to fat accumulation during the fattening period in Japanese Black. This study aimed to reveal the physiological roles of hepatic ANGPTL3 in Japanese Black steers (Bos taurus) during the fattening period and investigate the regulatory effects of hepatic ANGPTL3. To investigate the gene expression and protein localization of ANGPTL3, 18 tissue samples were collected from tree male Holstein bull calves aged 7 wk. Biopsied liver tissues and blood samples were collected from 21 Japanese Black steers during the early (T1; 13 mo of age), middle (T2; 20 mo), and late fattening phases (T3; 28 mo). Relative mRNA expression, blood metabolite concentrations, hormone concentrations, growth, and carcass traits were analyzed. To identify the regulatory factors of hepatic ANGPTL3, primary bovine hepatocytes collected by two Holstein calves aged 7 wk were incubated with insulin, palmitate, oleate, propionate, acetate, or beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA). The ANGPTL3 gene was most highly expressed in the liver, with minor expression in the renal cortex, lungs, reticulum, and jejunum in Holstein bull calves. In Japanese Black steers, relative ANGPTL3 mRNA expressions were less as fattening progressed, and blood triglyceride, total cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations increased. Relative ANGPTL8 and Liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) mRNA expressions decreased in late and middle fattening phases, respectively. Furthermore, relative ANGTPL3 mRNA expression was positively correlated with ANGPTL8 (r = 0.650; P < 0.01) and ANGPTL4 (r = 0.540; P < 0.05) in T3 and T1, respectively, and LXRα showed no correlation with ANGPTL3. Relative ANGTPL3 mRNA expression was negatively correlated with total cholesterol (r = -0.434; P < 0.05) and triglyceride (r = -0.645; P < 0.01) concentrations in T3 and T1, respectively; There was no significant correlation between ANGTPL3 and carcass traits. Relative ANGTPL3 mRNA expression in cultured bovine hepatocytes was downregulated in oleate treatment. Together, these findings suggest that ANGPTL3 downregulation in late fattening phases is associated with the changes in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Shikida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Minji Kim
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Makoto Futohashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Koki Nishihara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Huseong Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yeolchang Baek
- Animal Nutrition and Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Tatsunori Masaki
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo 679-0198, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ikuta
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo 679-0198, Japan
| | - Eiji Iwamoto
- Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Kasai, Hyogo 679-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Uemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Satoshi Haga
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Fuminori Terada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Sanggun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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DeMarsilis A, Reddy N, Boutari C, Filippaios A, Sternthal E, Katsiki N, Mantzoros C. Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes: An update and future directions. Metabolism 2022; 137:155332. [PMID: 36240884 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widely prevalent disease with substantial economic and social impact for which multiple conventional and novel pharmacotherapies are currently available; however, the landscape of T2D treatment is constantly changing as new therapies emerge and the understanding of currently available agents deepens. This review aims to provide an updated summary of the pharmacotherapeutic approach to T2D. Each class of agents is presented by mechanism of action, details of administration, side effect profile, cost, and use in certain populations including heart failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and older individuals. We also review targets of novel therapeutic T2D agent development. Finally, we outline an up-to-date treatment approach that starts with identification of an individualized goal for glycemic control then selection, initiation, and further intensification of a personalized therapeutic plan for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea DeMarsilis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Niyoti Reddy
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Elliot Sternthal
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bouzoni E, Perakakis N, Connelly MA, Angelidi AM, Pilitsi E, Farr O, Stefanakis K, Mantzoros CS. PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 levels correlate with hyperlipidemia in HIV-lipoatrophy, are regulated by fasting and are not affected by leptin administered in physiologic or pharmacologic doses. Metabolism 2022; 134:155265. [PMID: 35820631 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medications leveraging the leptin, PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and FABP4 pathways are being developed for the treatment of insulin resistance and/or lipid disorders. To evaluate whether these pathways are independent from each other, we assessed the levels of PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and FABP4, in normal subjects and subjects exhibiting HIV and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) induced metabolic syndrome with lipoatrophy and hypoleptinemia. Studies were performed at baseline and during food deprivation for three days with either a placebo or leptin administration at physiological replacement doses to correct fasting induced acute hypoleptinemia and in pharmacological doses. METHODS PCSK9, ANGPTL3, FABP4 levels and their correlations to lipoproteins-metabolites were assessed in randomized placebo controlled cross-over studies: a) in 15 normal-weight individuals undergoing three-day admissions in the fed state, in complete fasting with placebo and in complete fasting with leptin treatment in physiologic replacement doses (study 1), b) in 15 individuals day baseline in a fed and three fasting admissions for three days with leptin administered in physiologic, supraphysiologic and pharmacologic doses (study 2), c) in 7 hypoleptinemic men with HIV and HAART-induced lipoatrophy treated with leptin or placebo for two months in the context of a cross over randomized trial (study 3). RESULTS Circulating ANGPTL3, PCSK9 and FABP4 were markedly elevated in HIV-lipoatrophy and not affected by leptin treatment. PCSK9 levels correlated with lipids and markers of lipid utilization and lipolysis. ANGPTL3 levels correlated with HDL particles and their lipid composition. FABP4 levels were negatively associated with HDL diameter (HDL-D) and composition. PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 levels decreased during food deprivation by ~65 % and 30 % respectively. Leptin administration at physiologic, supraphysiologic and pharmacologic doses did not affect PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and FABP4 levels. CONCLUSIONS PCSK9, ANGPTL3 and FABP4 levels are associated with markers of lipid metabolism and are higher in HIV-lipoatrophy. PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 but not FABP4 decrease in response to food deprivation. PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 regulation is leptin-independent, suggesting independent pathways for lipid regulation. Thus, combining treatments of leptin with PCSK9 and/or ANGPTL3 inhibitors for metabolic diseases should have additive effects and merit further investigation. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT00140231, NCT00140205, NCT00140244.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Bouzoni
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Nikolaos Perakakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Margery A Connelly
- Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings (Labcorp), Morrisville, NC 27560, United States
| | - Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Eleni Pilitsi
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Olivia Farr
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Konstantinos Stefanakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA 02130, United States
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13
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Guarneiri LL, Paton CM, Cooper JA. Angiopoietin-Like Protein Responses to Pecan-Enriched Diets Versus a Nut-Excluded Diet. J Med Food 2022; 25:1066-1072. [PMID: 36036731 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2022.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily pecan consumption improves fasting and postprandial triglycerides, but its effect on angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of daily pecan consumption for 8 weeks on fasting and postprandial ANGPTL3, -8, and -4. This was an 8-week, randomized, controlled trial with three treatments: two pecan groups and a nut-free control group (n = 16). The ADD group (n = 15) consumed pecans (68 g) as part of a free-living diet, and the SUB group (n = 16) substituted the pecans (68 g) for isocaloric foods from their habitual diet. Fifty-six participants were randomized but nine subjects did not begin or finish the 8-week intervention and/or testing visits. At pre- and post-intervention, a high saturated fat meal was consumed with 3.5 h postprandial blood draws to determine changes in ANGPTL3, -8, and -4. There was a significant suppression in postprandial ANGPTL3 from pre- to post-intervention within ADD and SUB (P = .004 and P = .002, respectively) but not control (ns). There were no other changes within or between groups for fasting and postprandial outcomes. Daily pecan consumption improved postprandial ANGPTL3, which may mediate improvements in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana L Guarneiri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Chad M Paton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Serum ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL3 as Predictors of Triglyceride Elevation in Adult Women. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060539. [PMID: 35736472 PMCID: PMC9228451 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 have been shown to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, and thus regulate triglyceride level in the circulation. Whether the regulation of lipid metabolism by ANGPTLs is affected by the menopausal status remains unclear. We aimed to assess the relationships between serum ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 and atherogenic biomarkers in presumably healthy women during ageing. The study group included 94 women of whom 31 were premenopausal (PRE ≤ 40 years) and 37 were postmenopausal (POST ≥ 52 years). Atherogenic lipid and non-lipid biomarkers and ANGPTLs (ANGPTL3, ANGPTL8) were assayed in serum samples. TG/HDL-C index, non-HDL-cholesterol, remnant cholesterol concentrations, and BMI were calculated. Median levels of ANGPTL3 and concentrations of lipid biomarkers were significantly higher in POST comparing to PRE but ANGPTL8 levels were not different. In PRE, ANGPTL8 levels correlated significantly with TG and TG/HDL-C index while there were no correlations between ANGPTL3 and these biomarkers. In POST both ANGPTLs correlated with TG, sdLDL-C, and TG/HDL-C. ANGPTL8 and sd-LDL-C were the most significant predictors of early triglyceride elevation > 100 mg/dL (1.13 mmol/L) in the whole group and POST whereas the prediction power of ANGPTL3 was negligible in the whole group and non-significant in the subgroups. We demonstrated a significant positive correlation of ANGPTL3 with age category which predisposes to postmenopause. Despite the increase in ANGPTL3 level with ageing the ANGPTL3/ANGPL8 ratio was maintained. In conclusion, ANGPTL8 predicts the early triglyceride elevation better than ANGPTL3, especially in postmenopausal women. The association of ANGPTL3 with triglyceride levels is weaker than ANGPTL8 and depends on menopausal status. We suggest that the choice for the best efficient treatment of dyslipidemia with new inhibitors of angiopoietin-like proteins may depend on the menopausal status.
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Novel Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical-Based Approaches for Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention Targeting Atherogenic Small Dense LDL. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040825. [PMID: 35456658 PMCID: PMC9027611 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence supports the causative link between increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. For that reason, the principal aim of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention is to reach and sustain recommended LDL-C goals. Although there is a considerable body of evidence that shows that lowering LDL-C levels is directly associated with CVD risk reduction, recent data shows that the majority of patients across Europe cannot achieve their LDL-C targets. In attempting to address this matter, a new overarching concept of a lipid-lowering approach, comprising of even more intensive, much earlier and longer intervention to reduce LDL-C level, was recently proposed for high-risk patients. Another important concern is the residual risk for recurrent cardiovascular events despite optimal LDL-C reduction, suggesting that novel lipid biomarkers should also be considered as potential therapeutic targets. Among them, small dense LDL particles (sdLDL) seem to have the most significant potential for therapeutic modulation. This paper discusses the potential of traditional and emerging lipid-lowering approaches for cardiovascular prevention by targeting sdLDL particles.
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16
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Therapeutic RNA-silencing oligonucleotides in metabolic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:417-439. [PMID: 35210608 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen unprecedented activity in the development of RNA-silencing oligonucleotide therapeutics for metabolic diseases. Improved oligonucleotide design and optimization of synthetic nucleic acid chemistry, in combination with the development of highly selective and efficient conjugate delivery technology platforms, have established and validated oligonucleotides as a new class of drugs. To date, there are five marketed oligonucleotide therapies, with many more in clinical studies, for both rare and common liver-driven metabolic diseases. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in the field of oligonucleotide therapeutics in metabolism, review past and current clinical trials, and discuss ongoing challenges and possible future developments.
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Dahlén AD, Dashi G, Maslov I, Attwood MM, Jonsson J, Trukhan V, Schiöth HB. Trends in Antidiabetic Drug Discovery: FDA Approved Drugs, New Drugs in Clinical Trials and Global Sales. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:807548. [PMID: 35126141 PMCID: PMC8807560 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.807548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to be a substantial medical problem due to its increasing global prevalence and because chronic hyperglycemic states are closely linked with obesity, liver disease and several cardiovascular diseases. Since the early discovery of insulin, numerous antihyperglycemic drug therapies to treat diabetes have been approved, and also discontinued, by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To provide an up-to-date account of the current trends of antidiabetic pharmaceuticals, this review offers a comprehensive analysis of the main classes of antihyperglycemic compounds and their mechanisms: insulin types, biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides (glinides), alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs), thiazolidinediones (TZD), incretin-dependent therapies, sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and combinations thereof. The number of therapeutic alternatives to treat T2DM are increasing and now there are nearly 60 drugs approved by the FDA. Beyond this there are nearly 100 additional antidiabetic agents being evaluated in clinical trials. In addition to the standard treatments of insulin therapy and metformin, there are new drug combinations, e.g., containing metformin, SGLT2 inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, that have gained substantial use during the last decade. Furthermore, there are several interesting alternatives, such as lobeglitazone, efpeglenatide and tirzepatide, in ongoing clinical trials. Modern drugs, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, DPP4 inhibitors and SGLT2 inhibitors have gained popularity on the pharmaceutical market, while less expensive over the counter alternatives are increasing in developing economies. The large heterogeneity of T2DM is also creating a push towards more personalized and accessible treatments. We describe several interesting alternatives in ongoing clinical trials, which may help to achieve this in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia D. Dahlén
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Dashi
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ivan Maslov
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Misty M. Attwood
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörgen Jonsson
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Trukhan
- Russia Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Russia Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Hoang Thi M, Dang Thanh C, Huynh Quang T. The Correlation Between Angiopoietin-Like 3 and Metabolic Markers of Some Lipid and Glucose in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the First Diagnosis. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:3329-3337. [PMID: 36341228 PMCID: PMC9628699 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s383234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Angiopoietin-Like3 is a protein that plays an important role in regulating plasma triglyceride concentrations by inhibiting the enzyme lipoprotein lipase. Lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism are closely related and interact with each other. ANGPTL3 may also be a factor involved in blood glucose regulation through an increase in free fatty acids generated from enhanced lipolysis in adipose tissue leading to insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations and their correlation with lipid and glucose metabolic markers in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. SUBJECT AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 98 healthy subjects (control group) and 103 patients with type 2 diabetes at the first diagnosis, without any treatment (patient group). Plasma ANGPTL3 concentration was quantified by the ELISA method. The study determines the correlation of ANGPTL3 concentration with some indicators reflecting lipid and glucose metabolism. RESULTS The concentration of ANGPTL3 in the newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patient group was lower than in the control group, the difference was statistically significant with p < 0.05. In the patient group: there was an inverse correlation between ANGPTL3 concentration and HDL-C concentration (r = -0.37; p<0.001), and a positive correlation with triglyceride concentration (r = 0.275; p < 0.05). There was no correlation between plasma ANGPTL3 levels and anthropometric indices, total cholesterol, HDL-C, glucose, HbA1C, insulin, and HOMA-IR. In the control group: there was no correlation between ANGPTL3 and any of the indicators mentioned above. CONCLUSION ANGPTL3 levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were statistically significantly lower than in healthy subjects. Plasma ANGPTL3 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels and inversely correlated with HDL-C levels in newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hoang Thi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University (VMMU), Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Chung Dang Thanh
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 103 Military Medical Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University (VMMU), Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Huynh Quang
- Biochemistry Department, 103 Military Medical Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University (VMMU), Ha Noi City, Vietnam
- Correspondence: Thuan Huynh Quang, Biochemistry Department, 103 Military Medical Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University (VMMU), No. 160, Phung Hung Street, Phuc La Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi City, Vietnam, Tel +84904175342, Email
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Foss-Freitas MC, Akinci B, Neidert A, Bartlett VJ, Hurh E, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Oral EA. Selective targeting of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) with vupanorsen for the treatment of patients with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD): results of a proof-of-concept study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:174. [PMID: 34865644 PMCID: PMC8647384 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare disease characterized by selective loss of peripheral subcutaneous fat, associated with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Reductions in circulating levels of ANGPTL3 are associated with lower triglyceride and other atherogenic lipids, making it an attractive target for treatment of FPLD patients. This proof-of-concept study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of targeting ANGPTL3 with vupanorsen in patients with FPLD. METHODS This was an open-label study. Four patients with FPLD (two with pathogenic variants in LMNA gene, and two with no causative genetic variant), diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7.0 % and ≤ 12 %), hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 500 mg/dL), and hepatic steatosis (hepatic fat fraction, HFF ≥ 6.4 %) were included. Patients received vupanorsen subcutaneously at a dose of 20 mg weekly for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in fasting triglycerides at Week 27. Other endpoints analyzed at the same time point included changes in ANGPTL3, fasting lipids and lipoproteins, insulin secretion/sensitivity, postprandial lipids, and glycemic changes in response to a mixed meal test, HFF measured by MRI, and body composition measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS Baseline mean ± SD fasting triglyceride level was 9.24 ± 4.9 mmol/L (817.8 ± 431.9 mg/dL). Treatment resulted in reduction in fasting levels of triglycerides by 59.9 %, ANGPTL3 by 54.7 %, and in several other lipoproteins/lipids, including very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 53.5 %, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 20.9 %, and free fatty acids (FFA) by 41.7 %. The area under the curve for postprandial triglycerides, FFA, and glucose was reduced by 60 %, 32 %, and 14 %, respectively. Treatment with vupanorsen also resulted in 55 % reduction in adipose tissue insulin resistance index, while other insulin sensitivity indices and HbA1c levels were not changed. Additional investigations into HFF and DEXA parameters suggested dynamic changes in fat partitioning during treatment. Adverse events observed were related to common serious complications associated with diabetes and FPLD. Vupanorsen was well tolerated, and there was no effect on platelet count. CONCLUSIONS Although limited, these results suggest that targeting ANGPTL3 with vupanorsen could address several metabolic abnormalities in patients with FPLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Baris Akinci
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Adam Neidert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Eunju Hurh
- Akcea Therapeutics, Inc, MA, Boston, USA
| | | | - Elif A Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Kaviani S, Polley KR, Dowd MK, Cooper JA, Paton CM. Differential response of fasting and postprandial angiopoietin-like proteins 3, -4, and -8 to cottonseed oil versus olive oil. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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21
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Relationship between Serum Angiopoietin-like Proteins 3 and 8 and Atherogenic Lipid Biomarkers in Non-Diabetic Adults Depends on Gender and Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124339. [PMID: 34959891 PMCID: PMC8709017 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays an essential role in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs). Angiopoietin-like proteins ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 are shown to be important regulators of LPL activity. Increased concentrations of these proteins may reflect cardiovascular risk, and the treatment of patients with dyslipidemia with ANGPTLs inhibitors may decrease this risk. We assessed the gender-specific relationships of serum ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 with atherogenic lipid biomarkers and obesity in non-diabetic adults. The study comprised 238 participants aged 25-74 [122 with triglycerides (TG) <150 mg/dL (<1.7 mmol/L) and 116 with hypertriglyceridemia]. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TG, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycated hemoglobin, apolipoprotein B, small dense LDL-C (sd-LDL-C), ANGPTL3, and ANGPTL8 were measured. Non-HDL-cholesterol, remnant cholesterol (remnant-C) concentrations, and body mass index (BMI) were calculated. Results: Women and men did not differ in terms of age, CRP levels, the percentage of obese subjects, and concentrations of atherogenic lipid biomarkers, except higher TG in males and higher ANGPTL3 concentrations in females. Positive correlations of both ANGPTLs with TG, remnant-C, and sdLDL-C levels were found in females. In males, only ANGPTL3 correlated positively with atherogenic biomarkers, but there were no correlations with ANGPTL8. Concentrations of ANGPTL3 were higher in obese men, whereas ANGPTL8 levels were higher in obese women. In women alone, ANGPTL8 showed very good discrimination power to identify subjects with hypertriglyceridemia (AUC = 0.83). Contrary to this, ANGPTL3 was a better discriminator of hypertriglyceridemia (AUC = 0.78) in male subjects. Regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and BMI showed a weak but significant effect of ANGPTL8 to increase the risk of hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusions: In females, ANGPTL8 is more strongly associated with TRLs metabolism, whereas in males, ANGPTL3 plays a more important role. We suggest sex differences be taken into consideration when applying new therapies with angiopoietin-like proteins inhibitors in the treatment of dyslipidemia.
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22
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El Hini SH, Mahmoud YZ, Saedii AA, Mahmoud SS, Amin MA, Mahmoud SR, Matta RA. Angiopoietin-like proteins 3, 4 and 8 are linked to cardiovascular function in naïve sub-clinical and overt hypothyroid patients receiving levothyroxine therapy. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1570-1583. [PMID: 34739390 PMCID: PMC8679937 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTL) 3, 4 and 8 are upcoming cardiovascular biomarkers. Experimental studies showed that thyroid hormones altered their levels. We assessed ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 as predictors of cardiovascular functions among naïve subclinical and naïve overt hypothyroidism (SCH and OH) and altered ANGPTL levels with levothyroxine replacement (LT4) and their association with improved cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular function. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was a prospective follow-up study that assessed ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 levels, vascular status (flow-mediated dilation% of brachial artery (FMD%), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), aortic stiffness index (ASI)), left ventricle (LV) parameters (ejection fraction (EF), myocardial performance index (MPI), and LV mass), well-known cardiovascular risk factors and homeostatic model for the assessment of insulin resistance, at two time points, that is, among naïve SCH, naïve OH, and healthy subjects groups; and at 6 months after achieving the euthyroid state with LT4 by calculating their increased or decreased delta changes (∆↑ or ∆↓) in longitudinal arm among LT4-hypothyroid groups. RESULTS Significantly elevated levels of ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 among hypothyroid groups than the healthy subjects were reduced with LT4. Multivariate analysis revealed ANGPTLs as independent predictors of cardiovascular functions and the contributors for ANGPTL level included ANGPTL3 and 4 for impaired FMD%, and ANGPTL8 for LV mass among naïve SCH; ANGPTL3 for EF% and ANGPTL8 for CIMT in naïve OH; ∆↓ANGPTL3 for ∆↓ASI meanwhile ∆↑freeT4 for ∆↓ANGPTL3, ∆↓fasting glucose, ∆↓triglyceride, and ∆↓thyroid peroxidase antibody for ∆↓ANGPTL4 among LT4-SCH. ∆↓ANGPTL4 for ∆↓MPI and ∆↓LV mass, meanwhile ∆↓TSH and ∆↓triglyceride for ∆↓ANGPTL3, ∆↑free T3 and ∆↓HOMA-IR for ∆↓ANGPTL4, and systolic blood pressure and waist circumference for ∆↓ANGPTL8 among LT4-OH. CONCLUSION Elevated ANGPTL3, 4 and 8 levels are differentially independent predictors of endothelial and cardiac function and are reduced with LT4 in SCH and OH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hossam El Hini
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Yehia Zakaria Mahmoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Ahmed Amin
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Shereen Riad Mahmoud
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Ragaa Abdelshaheed Matta
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- Correspondence should be addressed to R A Matta:
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Human Angiopoietin-like Protein 3/ANGPTL3 Antibodies: Adding to the Armamentarium in the Management of Dyslipidemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e631-e640. [PMID: 34738550 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States. In addition to lifestyle modifications, current guidelines primarily focus on lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to reduce atherosclerotic CV disease risk. However, despite aggressive management, a degree of residual risk remains, suggesting that focusing on lowering LDL-C alone may be inadequate and that other lipid parameters may need to be targeted. In patients who remain at high risk despite current pharmacologic options either because of inadequate response, elevated levels of other lipoproteins, or those who have genetic variants predisposing them to atherosclerotic CV disease, additional treatment strategies continue to be sought. One such group is the homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia population, especially those patients carrying the null low-density lipoprotein receptor mutation as they often fail to derive the same benefit from traditional LDL-C lower strategies such as statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors that work by upregulating the LDL receptor. Emerging data also suggest that patients with increased levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are also at increased risk as elevated levels are proposed to have a role in various pathways promoting atherogenesis. Angiopoietin-life protein 3 (ANGLTPL3) has recently become a target of interest because of the discovery that inhibiting its action leads to reductions in lipid parameters. Although the mechanism of action of ANGLTPL3 inhibitors is independent of the LDL receptor, their ability to significantly lower triglycerides and LDL-C make them an attractive option particularly in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. The efficacy and safety of 2 ANGLTPL3 inhibitor agents have been evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, the lipid lowering, metabolic effects, and safety are reported. Ongoing trials assessing CV outcomes as well as long-term safety data are still needed to provide a more definitive role for these agents in the overall management in these populations.
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Abstract
Triglycerides are critical lipids as they provide an energy source that is both compact and efficient. Due to its hydrophobic nature triglyceride molecules can pack together densely and so be stored in adipose tissue. To be transported in the aqueous medium of plasma, triglycerides have to be incorporated into lipoprotein particles along with other components such as cholesterol, phospholipid and associated structural and regulatory apolipoproteins. Here we discuss the physiology of normal triglyceride metabolism, and how impaired metabolism induces hypertriglyceridemia and its pathogenic consequences including atherosclerosis. We also discuss established and novel therapies to reduce triglyceride-rich lipoproteins.
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25
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Watts GF, Raal FJ, Chan DC. Transcriptomic therapy for dyslipidemias utilizing nucleic acids targeted at ANGPTL3. Future Cardiol 2021; 18:143-153. [PMID: 34651521 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2021-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is a key physiological regulator of plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that involves the control of enzymes, lipoprotein and endothelial lipases. Inhibition of ANGPTL3 offers a new approach for correcting the health risks of dyslipidemia, including familial hypercholesterolemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome and/or severe hypertriglyceridemia. ANGPTL3 inhibition with nucleic acid-based antisense oligonucleotide and siRNA can correct dyslipidemia chiefly by reducing production and increasing catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and LDL particles. Early clinical trials have demonstrated that these agents can safely and effectively lower plasma triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels by up to 70 and 50%, respectively. However, the long-term safety and cost-effectiveness of these agents await to be confirmed in an ongoing and future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald F Watts
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Department of Cardiology & Internal Medicine, Lipid Disorders Clinic, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Frederick J Raal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dick C Chan
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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26
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Harada M, Yamakawa T, Kashiwagi R, Ohira A, Sugiyama M, Sugiura Y, Kondo Y, Terauchi Y. Association between ANGPTL3, 4, and 8 and lipid and glucose metabolism markers in patients with diabetes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255147. [PMID: 34293055 PMCID: PMC8297858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid management, especially with respect to triglyceride (TG) metabolism, in patients with diabetes is not sufficient with current therapeutic agents, and new approaches for improvement are needed. Members of the angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL) family, specifically ANGPTL3, 4, and 8, have been reported as factors that inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and affect TGs. The present study investigated the association between lipid and glucose metabolism markers and the mechanism by which these proteins affect lipid metabolism. A total of 84 patients hospitalized for diabetes treatment were evaluated. Lipid and glucose metabolism markers in blood samples collected before breakfast, on the day after hospitalization, were analyzed. ANGPTL8 showed a significant positive correlation with TG values. HDL-C values displayed a significant positive correlation with ANGPTL3 but a negative correlation with ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8. The results did not indicate a significant correlation among ANGPTL3, 4, and 8 levels. Thus, it is possible that the distribution of these proteins differs among patients. When patients were divided into groups according to the levels of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8, those with high levels of both ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 also had high levels of TG and small dense LDL-C/LDL-C (%). Multiple regression analysis indicated that low LPL, high ApoC2, high ApoC3, high ApoE, and high ANGPTL8 levels were the determinants of fasting hypertriglyceridemia. By contrast, no clear association was observed between any of the ANGPTLs and glucose metabolism markers, but ANGPTL8 levels were positively correlated with the levels of HOMA2-IR and BMI. Patients with high levels of both ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 had the worst lipid profiles. Among ANGPTL3, 4, and 8, ANGPTL8 is more important as a factor determining plasma TG levels. We anticipate that the results of this research will facilitate potential treatments targeting ANGPTL8 in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Harada
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamakawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Rie Kashiwagi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akeo Ohira
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mai Sugiyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sugiura
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Kondo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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ANGPTL8 in cardio-metabolic diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:260-266. [PMID: 34023284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia has been identified as an important factor in obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), grouped as cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Accordingly, dyslipidemia has become a major determinant in health worldwide. Both genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and research studies have focused on the elucidation of potential genetic mechanisms of dyslipidemia and the identification of new gene loci which contribute to the development of cardio-metabolic disorder diseases. Recent results indicate that both the ANGPTL8 gene and ANGPTL8 protein perform vital roles in modulating serum glucose and lipid metabolism. In this review, we examine the modulatory effects of ANGPTL8 and explore the potential mechanisms whereby ANGPTL8 affects serum glucose and lipid metabolism in cardio-metabolic disorder diseases.
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Akoumianakis I, Zvintzou E, Kypreos K, Filippatos TD. ANGPTL3 and Apolipoprotein C-III as Novel Lipid-Lowering Targets. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:20. [PMID: 33694000 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite significant progress in plasma lipid lowering strategies, recent clinical trials highlight the existence of residual cardiovascular risk. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein C-III (Apo C-III) have been identified as novel lipid-lowering targets. RECENT FINDINGS Apo C-III and ANGPTL3 have emerged as novel regulators of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. ANGPTL3 is an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), reducing lipolysis of Apo B-containing lipoproteins. Loss-of-function ANGPLT3 mutations are associated with reduced plasma cholesterol and TG, while novel ANGPLT3 inhibition strategies, including monoclonal antibodies (evinacumab), ANGPLT3 antisense oligonucleotides (IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing techniques (ARO-ANG3), result in increased lipolysis and significant reductions of LDL-C and TG levels in phase I and II clinical trials. Similarly, Apo C-III inhibits LPL while promoting the hepatic secretion of TG-rich lipoproteins and preventing their clearance. Loss-of-function APOC3 mutations have been associated with reduced TG levels. Targeting of Apo C-III with volanesorsen, an APOC3 siRNA, results in significant reduction in plasma TG levels but possibly also increased risk for thrombocytopenia, as recently demonstrated in phase I, II, and III clinical trials. ARO-APOC3 is a novel siRNA-based agent targeting Apo C-III which is currently under investigation with regard to its lipid-lowering efficiency. ANGPTL3 and Apo C-III targeting agents have demonstrated striking lipid-lowering effects in recent clinical trials; however, more thorough safety and efficacy data are required. Here, we evaluate the role of ANGPLT3 and Apo C-III in lipid metabolism, present the latest clinical advances targeting those molecules, and outline the remaining scientific challenges on residual lipid-associated cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Achaias, Rio, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kypreos
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Achaias, Rio, Greece.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Theodosios D Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Internal Medicine Laboratory, School of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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29
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Bini S, D’Erasmo L, Di Costanzo A, Minicocci I, Pecce V, Arca M. The Interplay between Angiopoietin-Like Proteins and Adipose Tissue: Another Piece of the Relationship between Adiposopathy and Cardiometabolic Diseases? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020742. [PMID: 33451033 PMCID: PMC7828552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins, namely ANGPTL3-4-8, are known as regulators of lipid metabolism. However, recent evidence points towards their involvement in the regulation of adipose tissue function. Alteration of adipose tissue functions (also called adiposopathy) is considered the main inducer of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its related complications. In this review, we intended to analyze available evidence derived from experimental and human investigations highlighting the contribution of ANGPTLs in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism, as well as their potential role in common cardiometabolic alterations associated with adiposopathy. We finally propose a model of ANGPTLs-based adipose tissue dysfunction, possibly linking abnormalities in the angiopoietins to the induction of adiposopathy and its related disorders.
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30
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Serum angiopoietin-like 3 levels are elevated in obese non diabetic men but are unaffected during an oral glucose tolerance test. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21118. [PMID: 33273510 PMCID: PMC7713064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine ANGPTL3 serum levels in healthy young lean and obese non-diabetic men during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and correlate them with anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters. A case-control study was carried out and 30 young obese non-diabetic (23.90 ± 3.84 years and BMI 37.92 ± 4.85 kg/m2) and 28 age-matched healthy lean (24.56 ± 3.50 years and BMI of 22.10 ± 1.72 kg/m2) men were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were serum basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3-area under the curve (AUC) levels. The percentage of body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical, hormonal and insulin resistance indices were determined. Basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3-AUC levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in young obese subjects compared with lean subjects and were positively and significantly associated with different anthropometric measurements. Fasting ANGPTL3 serum levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin, leptin, Leptin/Adiponectin index and triglyceride-glucose index. Moreover, ANGPTL3-AUC was negatively correlated with Matsuda index. In this regard, chronically high ANGPTL3 levels in young obese subjects might favor triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance to replenish triglyceride stores by white adipose tissue rather than oxidative tissues.
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31
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Vatannejad A, Salimi F, Moradi N, Fouani FZ, Zandieh Z, Ansaripour S, Sadeghi A, Fadaei R. Evaluation of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2020; 263:118595. [PMID: 33075372 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism. However, little is known about its association with insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) setting. The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels of ANGPTL3 and adiponectin in PCOS women compared to healthy controls. MAIN METHOD In this study, a total of 175 premenopausal women (117 PCOS and 58 non-PCOS) were enrolled. Serum concentrations of ANGPTL3, adiponectin, fasting insulin, and other hormonal variables were measured using ELISA technique. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that adiponectin levels were significantly lower in PCOS group than those of non-PCOS group. However, serum levels of ANGPTL3, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) were found to be higher in PCOS patients, when compared to non-PCOS ones. Moreover, serum ANGPTL3 positively correlated with BMI and serum triglyceride, while it inversely correlated with serum HDL-C in PCOS patients. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that increased levels of ANGPTL3 correlated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in PCOS patients, highlighting the need for future studies targeting its role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatima Zahraa Fouani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Ansaripour
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Barchetta I, Cimini FA, Chiappetta C, Bertoccini L, Ceccarelli V, Capoccia D, Gaggini M, Di Cristofano C, Della Rocca C, Silecchia G, Leonetti F, Lenzi A, Gastaldelli A, Cavallo MG. Relationship between hepatic and systemic angiopoietin-like 3, hepatic Vitamin D receptor expression and NAFLD in obesity. Liver Int 2020; 40:2139-2147. [PMID: 32510837 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide and an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) are targets for vitamin D receptor (VDR)-mediated gene transcription and this axis may promote NAFLD. ANGPTL3 is a hepatokine which inhibits lipoprotein lipase and its experimentally induced inactivation reduces hepatosteatosis. Little is known on ANGPTL3 in human NAFLD and no data exist on its relationship with hepatic VDR/VD-related genes. The aim of this research was to investigate hepatic ANGPTLs and VDR/VD-related gene expression in human obesity in relation to NAFLD. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional investigation on forty obese subjects with/without NAFLD. We evaluated hepatic ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL8, LPL, VDR, CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 mRNA expression in liver biopsies by RT-PCR; VDR expression was further investigated by immunohistochemistry; circulating ANGPTL3 was measured by Milliplex assay. RESULTS Compared to non-NAFLD, NAFLD individuals had significantly higher hepatic VDR, ANGPTL3 and LPL expression. ANGPTL3 correlated with steatosis grade, LPL, VDR, CYP27A1 and CYP2R1 expression. Plasma ANGPTL3 concentrations were positively associated with clinical/histological markers of NAFLD/NASH and with hepatic ANGPTL3 expression. Greater hepatic VDR expression was the main determinant of hepatic ANGPTL3 after adjusting for multiple confounders. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic ANGPTL3 expression correlates with greater VDR expression, presence and severity of NAFLD and translates in increased circulating ANGPTL3, likely as a result of its modulation by up-regulated hepatic VDR in NAFLD. This study provides novel insights to potential mechanisms underlying ANGPTLs-mediated ectopic fat accumulation and NAFLD development in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Barchetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia A Cimini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Chiappetta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Bertoccini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Danila Capoccia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Di Cristofano
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Della Rocca
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Frida Leonetti
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Cardiometabolic Risk Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria G Cavallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Gallo A, Béliard S, D'Erasmo L, Bruckert E. Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome (FCS): Recent Data on Diagnosis and Treatment. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:63. [PMID: 32852651 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare recessive genetic disorder often underdiagnosed with potentially severe clinical consequences. In this review, we describe the clinical and biological characteristics of the disease together with its main complication, i.e., acute pancreatitis. We focused the paper on new diagnostic tools, progress in understanding the role of two key proteins (apolipoprotein CIII (apo CIII) and angiopoietin-like3 (ANGPTL-3)), and new therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS Recently, a new diagnostic tool has been proposed by European experts to help identify these patients. This tool with two recently identified parameters (low LDL and low body mass index) can help identify patients who should be genetically tested or who may have the disease when genetic testing is not available. FCS is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of lipoprotein lipase, apolipoprotein C-II, apolipoprotein A-V, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1, and lipase maturation factor. Two proteins have been identified as important player in the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and its regulation. These two proteins are therapeutic target. Antisense oligonucleotide targeting apo CIII has been shown to significantly decrease triglyceride levels even in FCS and is the first available treatment for these patients. Further development might identify new compounds with reduced risk to develop severe thrombocytopenia. ANGPTL-3 inhibitors have not yet been tested in FCS patients but exert significant hypotriglyceridemic effect in the more frequent and less severe polygenic forms. Beyond these two new targets, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) inhibitors could also be part of the armamentarium, if on-going trials confirm their efficacy. New clinical tools and simple criteria can help select patients with possible FCS and identify patients who should have a genetic testing. Identifying patients with FCS is a major issue since these patients have a high risk to suffer severe episodes of acute pancreatitis and may now benefit from new therapeutic options including antisense oligonucleotide targeting apo CIII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gallo
- Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Béliard
- Department of Nutrition, Maladies Métaboliques et Endocrinologie, Hôpital Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Bruckert
- Department of Endocrinology and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, La Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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Targeting Angiopoietin in Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Literature Review and Summary of Clinical Trials Involving Faricimab. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081869. [PMID: 32785136 PMCID: PMC7464130 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the latest findings in the literature of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (Tie-2) complex, and faricimab along with their involvement for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases in various clinical trials. In ischemic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, Ang-2 is upregulated, deactivating Tie-2, resulting in vascular leakage, pericyte loss, and inflammation. Recombinant Angiopeotin-1 (Ang-1), Ang-2-blocking molecules, and inhibitors of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) decrease inflammation-associated vascular leakage, showing therapeutic effects in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ocular neovascular diseases. In addition, novel studies show that angiopoietin-like proteins may play an important role in cellular metabolism leading to retinal vascular diseases. Current therapeutic focus combines Ang-Tie targeted drugs with other anti-angiogenic or immune therapies. Clinical studies have identified faricimab, a novel bispecific antibody designed for intravitreal use, to simultaneously bind and neutralize Ang-2 and VEGF-A for treatment of diabetic eye disease. By targeting both Ang-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), faricimab displays an improved and sustained efficacy over longer treatment intervals, delivering superior vision outcomes for patients with diabetic macular edema and reducing the treatment burden for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Phase 2 results have produced promising outcomes with regard to efficacy and durability. Faricimab is currently being evaluated in global Phase 3 studies.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Angiopoietin-like protein-3 (ANGPTL3) is emerging as a key player in lipoprotein transport with an expanding role on fatty acid and glucose metabolism. Its deficiency is associated with a favorable metabolic profile. The present review will highlight the recent understanding of metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of ANGPTL3 inactivation by considering both genetic and pharmacological investigations. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental studies have further illustrated the complex interplay between ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL4-8 in orchestrating lipid transport in different nutritional status. Individuals with familial combined hypolipidemia due to homozygous loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL3 gene showed improved metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins during fasting and postprandial state and increased fatty acid oxidation and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, mendelian randomizations studies demonstrated that partial ANGPTL3 deficiency associates with reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events and, eventually, diabetes mellitus. Finally, inactivation of ANGPTL3, using either a specific mAb or antisense oligonucleotide, was reported to reduce plasma levels of atherogenic lipoprotein in humans and improve hepatic fat infiltration in animal models. SUMMARY Human and animal studies have further dissected the complex role of ANGPTL3 in the regulation of energy substrate metabolism. Moreover, genetic and pharmacological investigations have convincingly indicated that the inactivation of ANGPTL3 may be a very promising strategy to treat atherogenic metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Higher circulating levels of ANGPTL8 are associated with body mass index, triglycerides, and endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 469:29-39. [PMID: 32239421 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bac Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and most commonly develops as a result of atherosclerosis. ANGPTL8 is a secreted adipokine that regulates lipid metabolism and is associated with cardiometabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and CAD. However, the association between circulating ANGPTL8 levels and CAD is inconsistent among studies and the mechanism by which ANGPTL8 contributes to CAD development remains poorly understood. Here we sought to evaluate the relationship between ANGPTL8 levels and endothelial dysfunction and adipose tissue inflammation in CAD patients. Concentrations of ANGPTL8, adiponectin, TNF-α, IL6, hsCRP, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 were measured by ELISA in serum samples from 192 CAD patients diagnosed with stenosis > 50% in at least one coronary artery by angiography and 71 individuals with normal heart function. Serum ANGPTL8 levels were significantly higher in CAD patients compared to controls (83.84 ± 23.25 ng/mL vs. 50.45 ± 17.73; p < 0.001), independent of adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking and statin use. ANGPTL8 could also differentiate CAD patients from controls with 82.3% specificity and 81.4% sensitivity (p < 0.001). Adiponectin levels were lower in CAD patients, while ICAM-1, VCAM-1, TNF-α, IL6, and hsCRP levels were higher compared to non-CAD controls (all p < 0.001). ANGPTL8 levels were associated with BMI in controls and with BMI, TG, and ICAM-1 in CAD patients. The presence of elevated ANGPTL8 levels in CAD patients and independent association with TG and ICAM-1 suggest a possible role related to endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Wu J, Dong T, Chen T, Sun J, Luo J, He J, Wei L, Zeng B, Zhang H, Li W, Liu J, Chen X, Su M, Ni Y, Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Xi Q. Hepatic exosome-derived miR-130a-3p attenuates glucose intolerance via suppressing PHLPP2 gene in adipocyte. Metabolism 2020; 103:154006. [PMID: 31715176 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.154006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose and lipid metabolism disorders are a major risk factor for type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Evidence has indicated that the interplay between the liver and adipose tissue is crucial in maintaining energy homeostasis. Recently, the interaction between two distant endocrine organs mainly focuses on the regulation of hormones and receptors. However, as a novel carrier in the inter-tissue communication, exosomes plays a role in liver-fat crosstalk, but its effects on glucose and lipid metabolisms are still unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of hepatic exosome-derived miR-130a-3p in the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism in adipose tissues. MEASURE In vivo, we constructed generalized miR-130a-3p knockout (130KO) and overexpressed (130OE) mice. Wild type (WT), 130KO and 130OE mice (n = 10) were assigned to a randomized controlled trial and were fed diets with either 10% (standard diet, SD) or 60% (high-fat diet, HFD) of total calories from fat (lard). Next, hepatic exosomes were extracted from WT-SD, 130KO-SD and 130OE-SD mice (WT-EXO, KO-EXO, OE-EXO), and 130KO mice were injected with 100 mg hepatic exosomes of different sources via tail-vein (once every 48 h) for 28 days, fed with HFD. In vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were treated with miR-130a-3p mimics, inhibitor and hepatic exosomes. Growth performance and glucose and lipid metabolic profiles were examined. RESULTS After feeding with HFD, the weights of 130KO mice were markedly higher than WT mice. Over-expression of miR-130a-3p in 130OE mice and intravenous injection of 130OE-EXO in 130KO mice contributed to a positive correlation with the recovery of insulin resistance. In addition, miR-130a-3p mimics and 130OE-EXO treatment of 3T3-L1 cells exhibited decreasing generations of lipid droplets and increasing glucose uptake. Conversely, inhibition of miR-130a-3p in vitro and in vivo resulted in opposite phenotype changes. Furthermore, PHLPP2 was identified as a direct target of miR-130a-3p, and the hepatic exosome-derived miR-130a-3p could improve glucose intolerance via suppressing PHLPP2 to activate AKT-AS160-GLUT4 signaling pathway in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that hepatic exosome-derived miR-130a regulated energy metabolism in adipose tissues, and elucidated a new molecular mechanism that hepatic exosome-derived miR-130a-3p is a crucial participant in organismic energy homeostasis through mediating crosstalk between the liver and adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajian He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weite Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xingping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mei Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuechun Ni
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center For Breeding Swine Industry, Guangdong Province Research Center of Woody Forage Engineering and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Huang JW, Chen CJ, Yen CH, Chen YMA, Liu YP. Loss of Glycine N-Methyltransferase Associates with Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8 Expression in High Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174223. [PMID: 31470507 PMCID: PMC6747252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of lipid metabolism is a main cause of metabolic syndrome leading to life-threatening metabolic diseases. Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (Angptl8) was recently identified as a liver and adipose tissue-released hormone that is one of the molecules involved in triglyceride metabolism. However, the regulatory mechanism of Angptl8 is largely unknown. A high fat diet (HFD)-fed mouse model, which showed high cholesterol, high triglyceride, and high insulin in the blood, revealed the upregulation of hepatic and plasma Angptl8 and the downregulation of hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT). The inverse correlation of hepatic Angptl8 and GNMT expression in the livers of HFD-fed mice was also confirmed in a publicly available microarray dataset. The mechanistic study using primary hepatocytes showed that the Angptl8 expression could be induced by insulin treatment in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt pathway by the specific inhibitors or the dominant-negative Akt blocked the insulin-induced Angptl8 expression. Moreover, knockout of GNMT promoted the Akt activation as well as the Angptl8 expression. These results suggested that GNMT might be involved in insulin-induced Angptl8 expression in HFD-mediated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Huang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Ju Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Yen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Arthur Chen
- Master Program of Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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