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Castellini-Pérez O, Povedano E, Barturen G, Martínez-Bueno M, Iakovliev A, Kerick M, López-Domínguez R, Marañón C, Martín J, Ballestar E, Borghi MO, Qiu W, Zhu C, Shankara S, Spiliopoulou A, de Rinaldis E, Carnero-Montoro E, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Molecular subtypes explain lupus epigenomic heterogeneity unveiling new regulatory genetic risk variants. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 39013887 PMCID: PMC11252280 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be explained by epigenetic alterations that disrupt transcriptional programs mediating environmental and genetic risk. This study evaluated the epigenetic contribution to SLE heterogeneity considering molecular and serological subtypes, genetics and transcriptional status, followed by drug target discovery. We performed a stratified epigenome-wide association studies of whole blood DNA methylation from 213 SLE patients and 221 controls. Methylation quantitative trait loci analyses, cytokine and transcription factor activity - epigenetic associations and methylation-expression correlations were conducted. New drug targets were searched for based on differentially methylated genes. In a stratified approach, a total of 974 differential methylation CpG sites with dependency on molecular subtypes and autoantibody profiles were found. Mediation analyses suggested that SLE-associated SNPs in the HLA region exert their risk through DNA methylation changes. Novel genetic variants regulating DNAm in disease or in specific molecular contexts were identified. The epigenetic landscapes showed strong association with transcription factor activity and cytokine levels, conditioned by the molecular context. Epigenetic signals were enriched in known and novel drug targets for SLE. This study reveals possible genetic drivers and consequences of epigenetic variability on SLE heterogeneity and disentangles the DNAm mediation role on SLE genetic risk and novel disease-specific meQTLs. Finally, novel targets for drug development were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Castellini-Pérez
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Povedano
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute of Economy, Geography and Demography, Madrid (IEGD), Madrid, Spain
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Barturen
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrii Iakovliev
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics. University of Edinburgh Medical School, EH8 9YL, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Martin Kerick
- IBPLN-CSIC, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Raúl López-Domínguez
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepción Marañón
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martín
- IBPLN-CSIC, Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics and Immune Disease Group, Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), 08916, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Weiliang Qiu
- Sanofi, Early Development and Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine & Computational Biology (PMCB), R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Srinivas Shankara
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine & Computational Biology (PMCB), R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Athina Spiliopoulou
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics. University of Edinburgh Medical School, EH8 9YL, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Sanofi, Precision Medicine & Computational Biology (PMCB), R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elena Carnero-Montoro
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Marta E Alarcón-Riquelme
- GENYO. Center for Genomics and Oncological Research Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, 18016, Granada, Spain.
- Institute for Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 67, Solna, Sweden.
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Lyu MA, Tang X, Khoury JD, Raso MG, Huang M, Zeng K, Nishimoto M, Ma H, Sadeghi T, Flowers CR, Parmar S. Allogeneic cord blood regulatory T cells decrease dsDNA antibody and improve albuminuria in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217121. [PMID: 37736101 PMCID: PMC10509479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lupus nephritis (LN) constitutes the most severe organ manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), where pathogenic T cells have been identified to play an essential role in 'helping' B cells to make autoantibodies and produce inflammatory cytokines that drive kidney injury in SLE. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), responsible for decreasing inflammation, are defective and decreased in SLE and have been associated with disease progression. We hypothesize that treatment with allogeneic, healthy Tregs derived from umbilical cord blood (UCB) may arrest such an inflammatory process and protect against kidney damage. Methods UCB-Tregs function was examined by their ability to suppress CellTrace Violet-labeled SLE peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or healthy donor (HD) conventional T cells (Tcons); and by inhibiting secretion of inflammatory cytokines by SLE PBMCs. Humanized SLE model was established where female Rag2-/-γc-/- mice were transplanted with 3 × 106 human SLE-PBMCs by intravenous injection on day 0, followed by single or multiple injection of UCB-Tregs to understand their impact on disease development. Mice PB was assessed weekly by flow cytometry. Phenotypic analysis of isolated cells from mouse PB, lung, spleen, liver and kidney was performed by flow cytometry. Kidney damage was assessed by quantifying urinary albumin and creatinine secretion. Systemic disease was evaluated by anti-dsDNA IgG Ab analysis as well as immunohistochemistry analysis of organs. Systemic inflammation was determined by measuring cytokine levels. Results In vitro, UCB-Tregs are able to suppress HD Tcons and pathogenic SLE-PBMCs to a similar extent. UCB-Tregs decrease secretion of several inflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ, IP-10, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A, and sCD40L by SLE PBMCs in a time-dependent manner, with a corresponding increase in secretion of suppressor cytokine, IL-10. In vivo, single or multiple doses of UCB-Tregs led to a decrease in CD8+ T effector cells in different organs and a decrease in circulating inflammatory cytokines. Improvement in skin inflammation and loss of hair; and resolution of CD3+, CD8+, CD20+ and Ki67+ SLE-PBMC infiltration was observed in UCB-Treg recipients with a corresponding decrease in plasma anti-double stranded DNA IgG antibody levels and improved albuminuria. Conclusions UCB-Tregs can decrease inflammatory burden in SLE, reduce auto-antibody production and resolve end organ damage especially, improve kidney function. Adoptive therapy with UCB-Tregs should be explored for treatment of lupus nephritis in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ae Lyu
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ximing Tang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Gabriela Raso
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Meixian Huang
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ke Zeng
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mitsutaka Nishimoto
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hongbing Ma
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Christopher R. Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Simrit Parmar
- Department of Lymphoma/Myeloma, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Emerson JS, Gruenewald SM, Gomes L, Lin MW, Swaminathan S. The conundrum of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Current and novel approaches to diagnosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1111769. [PMID: 37025200 PMCID: PMC10070984 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1111769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognising neuropsychiatric involvement by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is of growing importance, however many barriers to this exist at multiple levels of our currently available diagnostic algorithms that may ultimately delay its diagnosis and subsequent treatment. The heterogeneous and non-specific clinical syndromes, serological and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers and neuroimaging findings that often do not mirror disease activity, highlight important research gaps in the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE). Formal neuropsychological assessments or the more accessible screening metrics may also help improve objective recognition of cognitive or mood disorders. Novel serum and CSF markers, including autoantibodies, cytokines and chemokines have also shown increasing utility as part of diagnosis and monitoring, as well as in distinguishing NPSLE from SLE patients without SLE-related neuropsychiatric manifestations. Novel neuroimaging studies also expand upon our existing strategy by quantifying parameters that indicate microarchitectural integrity or provide an assessment of neuronal function. Some of these novel markers have shown associations with specific neuropsychiatric syndromes, suggesting that future research move away from considering NPSLE as a single entity but rather into its individually recognized neuropsychiatric manifestations. Nevertheless, it is likely that a composite panel of these investigations will be needed to better address the gaps impeding recognition of neuropsychiatric involvement by SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Emerson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Immunology and Allergy Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jonathan S. Emerson,
| | - Simon M. Gruenewald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, PET and Ultrasound, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lavier Gomes
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ming-Wei Lin
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Swaminathan
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chen Y, Tian B. IFN-γ promotes the development of systemic lupus erythematosus through the IFNGR1/2-PSTAT1-TBX21 signaling axis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:6874-6888. [PMID: 36398225 PMCID: PMC9641460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease that causes inflammation in cartilage and the lining of blood vessels. Emerging evidence implicates IFN-γ as a major effector molecule in SLE during both active and stable stages. Here, we investigated the effects of IFN-γ on cytokines that play an autoimmune disease-promoting role and Th1-versus-Th2 and B cell dualism in SLE patients and mouse models of SLE. METHODS The levels of pro-inflammatory factors CXCL11, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-4, and immune complexes IgG, anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP were assessed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Flow cytometry was performed to measure Th1, Th2 and B cell counts and IFNGR1, IFNGR2, pSTAT1 and TBX21 expression. The pathology of renal tissue from mouse SLE models was investigated through Hematoxylin eosin (H&E) staining. The levels of IgG, anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP were determined through immunofluorescence (IF) assays. RESULTS Skin damage was observed in SLE patients in both active and stable stages. ELISA analysis showed that SLE patients displayed higher levels of pro-inflammatory factors (CXCL11, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-4) and immune complexes (IgG, anti-dsDNA and anti-RNP). The percentage of Th1 and B cells was increased in blood samples from SLE patients with skin lesions (SL) or lupus nephritis (LN). The percentage of Th2 cells among the groups were comparable. Higher levels of IFNGR1, IFNGR2, pSTAT1 and TBX21 were observed in Th1 but not Th2 cells. In SLE mouse models, H&E staining revealed fewer immune complexes in glomerular endothelial cells and decreased hyaline thrombus in the capillary lumen following treatment with anti-IFN-γ antibodies or following IFNGR1 or STAT1 silencing. CONCLUSION IFN-γ contributes to the pathogenesis of SLE through the IFNGR1/2-pSTAT1-TBX21 axis and regulates inflammation and immune complex formation in SLE mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 100012, Liaoning, China
| | - Bailing Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 100012, Liaoning, China
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Identification of Significant Genes and Pathways for the Chronic and Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus via Bioinformatics Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9891299. [PMID: 36212172 PMCID: PMC9537011 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9891299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) are both common variants of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) that mainly involve the skin and mucous membrane. Oral mucosal involvement is frequently observed in patients of CLE. Despite that they have different clinicopathological features, whether there is a significant difference in pathogenesis between them remains unclear. Herein, we investigated specific genes and pathways of SCLE and CCLE via bioinformatics analysis. Methods Microarray expression datasets of GSE109248 and GSE112943 were both retrieved from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CCLE or SCLE skin tissues and health controls were selected by GEO2R. Common DEGs were picked out via the Venn diagram software. Then, functional enrichment and PPI network analysis were conducted, and the top 10 key genes were identified via Cytohubba. Results Totally, 176 DEGs of SCLE and 287 DEGs of CCLE were identified. The GO enrichment and KEGG analysis of DEGs of SCLE is significantly enriched in the response to virus, defense response to virus, response to IFN-gamma, cellular response to IFN-γ, type I IFN signaling pathway, chemokine activity, chemokine receptor binding, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. The GO enrichment and KEGG analysis of DEGs of CCLE is significantly enriched in the response to virus, regulation of multiorganism process, negative regulation of viral process, regulation of lymphocyte activation, chemokine receptor binding, CCR chemokine receptor binding, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, etc. The top 10 hub genes of SCLE and CCLE, respectively, include STAT1, CXCL10, IRF7, ISG15, and RSAD2 and CXCL10, IRF7, IFIT3, CTLA4, and ISG15. Conclusion Our finding suggests that SCLE and CCLE have the similar potential key genes and pathways and majority of them belong to IFN signatures and IFN signaling pathway. Besides, the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway might also have an essential role in the pathogenesis of SCLE and CCLE. Together, the identified genes and signaling pathways have enhanced our understanding of the mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of both SCLE and CCLE.
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical autoimmune disease with a complex pathogenesis and genetic predisposition. With continued understanding of this disease, it was found that SLE is related to the interferon gene signature. Most studies have emphasized the important role of IFN-α in SLE, but our previous study suggested a nonnegligible role of IFN-γ in SLE. Some scholars previously found that IFN-γ is abnormally elevated as early as before the classification of SLE and before the emergence of autoantibodies and IFN-α. Due to the large overlap between IFN-α and IFN-γ, SLE is mostly characterized by expression of the IFN-α gene after onset. Therefore, the role of IFN-γ in SLE may be underestimated. This article mainly reviews the role of IFN-γ in SLE and focuses on the nonnegligible role of IFN-γ in SLE to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the disease.
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Jak Inhibitors for Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases: Lessons from Systemic Sclerosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080936. [PMID: 36015084 PMCID: PMC9413112 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus represent two distinct autoimmune diseases belonging to the group of connective tissue disorders. Despite the great progress in the basic science, this progress has not been translated to the development of novel therapeutic approaches that can radically change the face of these diseases. The discovery of JAK kinases, which are tyrosine kinases coupled with cytokine receptors, may open a new chapter in the treatment of so far untreatable diseases. Small synthetic compounds that can block Janus kinases and interact directly with cytokine signalling may provide therapeutic potential in these diseases. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of Jak kinases in light of the cytokine network that JAK kinases are able to interact with. We also provide the theoretical background for the rationale of blocking cytokines with specific JAK inhibitors.
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Li H, Yang P. Identification of biomarkers related to neutrophils and two molecular subtypes of systemic lupus erythematosus. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:162. [PMID: 35858908 PMCID: PMC9297641 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease with complex pathogenesis, poses a considerable threat to women’s health. Increasing evidence indicates that neutrophils play an important role in the development and progression of lupus. Methods Weighted correlation network analysis and single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to analyse SLE expression data from a comprehensive gene expression database and identify modules associated with neutrophils. Thereafter, the biomarkers most closely related to neutrophils were identified. We reclassified SLE into two molecular subtypes based on the aforementioned biomarkers and evaluated cell infiltration, molecular mechanisms, and signature pathways in each subtype. Results The results showed significant differences in immunological characteristics between the two molecular subtypes of SLE. Hub genes were significantly upregulated in the NEUT-H subtype, and they may be associated with lupus activity. The GSEA revealed associations between our biomarkers and key metabolic pathways. Conclusions Our study provides not only a classification for patients with SLE but also new cell and gene targets for immunotherapy, as well as a new experimental paradigm to explore immunotherapy for other autoimmune diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-022-01306-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Pingting Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Navarini L, Vomero M, Di Donato S, Currado D, Berardicurti O, Marino A, Bearzi P, Biaggi A, Ferrito M, Ruscitti P, Fava M, Leuti A, Cipriani P, Maccarrone M, Giacomelli R. 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Reduces the Production of Interferon-Gamma in T Lymphocytes from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071675. [PMID: 35884978 PMCID: PMC9312521 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) plays a pivotal role in immune cells regulation. The plasma levels of 2-AG are increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and correlate with disease activity. Moreover, in plasmacytoid dendritic cells from SLE patients, 2-AG is able to control the production of type 1 interferon (IFN) through CB2 activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential role of 2-AG on T lymphocytes from SLE patients. Methods: peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE participants and age- and sex-matched healthy donors (HD) were isolated by Ficoll–Hypaque density-gradient centrifugation. The PBMCs were treated with increasing concentrations of 2-AG, and AM251 and AM630 were used to antagonize CB1 and CB2, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to assess the expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, IFN-ɣ, IL-4, and IL-17A. Results: 2-AG (1 μM) decreased IFN-ɣ expression (p = 0.0005) in the Th1 lymphocytes of SLE patients. 2-AG did not modulate the cytokine expression of any other T lymphocyte population from either SLE or HD. Treatment with both 2-AG and AM630 increased the IFN-ɣ expression in Th1 lymphocytes of SLE patients (p = 0.03). Discussion: 2-AG is able to modulate type 2 IFN production from CD4+ T lymphocytes from SLE patients through CB2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Navarini
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
- Immunorheumatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Vomero
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Stefano Di Donato
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Damiano Currado
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Onorina Berardicurti
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Annalisa Marino
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Pietro Bearzi
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Alice Biaggi
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
| | - Matteo Ferrito
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Division of Clinical Rheumatology, ASST Istituto Gaetano Pini–CTO, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Ruscitti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, Università Degli Studi Dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Marina Fava
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriani
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Rheumatology Unit, Università Degli Studi Dell’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (P.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research (CERC)/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (A.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Giacomelli
- Rheumatology, Immunology, and Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.V.); (S.D.D.); (D.C.); (O.B.); (A.M.); (P.B.); (A.B.); (M.F.); (R.G.)
- Immunorheumatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Roma, Italy
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A novel lipidic peptide with potential to promote balanced effector-regulatory T cell responses. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11185. [PMID: 35778468 PMCID: PMC9249808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15455-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell-dendritic cell (DC) interactions contribute to reciprocal stimulation leading to DC maturation that results in production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). Both cytokines have been implicated in autoimmune diseases while being necessary for effective immune responses against foreign antigens. We describe a lipidic peptide, designated IK14004, that modifies crosstalk between T cells and DCs resulting in suppression of IL-12p40/IFN-γ production. T cell production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IFN-γ is uncoupled and IL-12p70 production is enhanced. IK14004 induces expression of activating co-receptors in CD8+ T cells and increases the proportion of Foxp3-expressing CD4+ T regulatory cells. The potential for IK14004 to impact on signalling pathways required to achieve a balanced immune response upon stimulation of DCs and T cells is highlighted. This novel compound provides an opportunity to gain further insights into the complexity of T cell-DC interactions relevant to autoimmunity associated with malignancies and may have therapeutic benefit.
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Munroe ME, Young KA, Guthridge JM, Kamen DL, Gilkeson GS, Weisman MH, Ishimori ML, Wallace DJ, Karp DR, Harley JB, Norris JM, James JA. Pre-Clinical Autoimmunity in Lupus Relatives: Self-Reported Questionnaires and Immune Dysregulation Distinguish Relatives Who Develop Incomplete or Classified Lupus From Clinically Unaffected Relatives and Unaffected, Unrelated Individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:866181. [PMID: 35720322 PMCID: PMC9203691 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.866181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is propelled by pathogenic autoantibody (AutoAb) and immune pathway dysregulation. Identifying populations at risk of reaching classified SLE is essential to curtail inflammatory damage. Lupus blood relatives (Rel) have an increased risk of developing SLE. We tested factors to identify Rel at risk of developing incomplete lupus (ILE) or classified SLE vs. clinically unaffected Rel and healthy controls (HC), drawing from two unique, well characterized lupus cohorts, the lupus autoimmunity in relatives (LAUREL) follow-up cohort, consisting of Rel meeting <4 ACR criteria at baseline, and the Lupus Family Registry and Repository (LFRR), made up of SLE patients, lupus Rel, and HC. Medical record review determined ACR SLE classification criteria; study participants completed the SLE portion of the connective tissue disease questionnaire (SLE-CSQ), type 2 symptom questions, and provided samples for assessment of serum SLE-associated AutoAb specificities and 52 plasma immune mediators. Elevated SLE-CSQ scores were associated with type 2 symptoms, ACR scores, and serology in both cohorts. Fatigue at BL was associated with transition to classified SLE in the LAUREL cohort (p≤0.01). Increased levels of BLyS and decreased levels of IL-10 were associated with type 2 symptoms (p<0.05). SLE-CSQ scores, ACR scores, and accumulated AutoAb specificities correlated with levels of multiple inflammatory immune mediators (p<0.05), including BLyS, IL-2Rα, stem cell factor (SCF), soluble TNF receptors, and Th-1 type mediators and chemokines. Transition to SLE was associated with increased levels of SCF (p<0.05). ILE Rel also had increased levels of TNF-α and IFN-γ, offset by increased levels of regulatory IL-10 and TGF-β (p<0.05). Clinically unaffected Rel (vs. HC) had higher SLE-CSQ scores (p<0.001), increased serology (p<0.05), and increased inflammatory mediator levels, offset by increased IL-10 and TGF-β (p<0.01). These findings suggest that Rel at highest risk of transitioning to classified SLE have increased inflammation coupled with decreased regulatory mediators. In contrast, clinically unaffected Rel and Rel with ILE demonstrate increased inflammation offset with increased immune regulation, intimating a window of opportunity for early intervention and enrollment in prevention trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa E. Munroe
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Melissa E. Munroe,
| | - Kendra A. Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Diane L. Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Gary S. Gilkeson
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Michael H. Weisman
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mariko L. Ishimori
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel J. Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David R. Karp
- Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John B. Harley
- US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Judith A. James
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Medicine, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Pathology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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12
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Tissue-Specific Variations in Transcription Factors Elucidate Complex Immune System Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050929. [PMID: 35627314 PMCID: PMC9140347 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression plays a key role in health and disease. Estimating the genetic components underlying gene expression can thus help understand disease etiology. Polygenic models termed “transcriptome imputation” are used to estimate the genetic component of gene expression, but these models typically consider only the cis regions of the gene. However, these cis-based models miss large variability in expression for multiple genes. Transcription factors (TFs) that regulate gene expression are natural candidates for looking for additional sources of the missing variability. We developed a hypothesis-driven approach to identify second-tier regulation by variability in TFs. Our approach tested two models representing possible mechanisms by which variations in TFs can affect gene expression: variability in the expression of the TF and genetic variants within the TF that may affect the binding affinity of the TF to the TF-binding site. We tested our TF models in whole blood and skeletal muscle tissues and identified TF variability that can partially explain missing gene expression for 1035 genes, 76% of which explains more than the cis-based models. While the discovered regulation patterns were tissue-specific, they were both enriched for immune system functionality, elucidating complex regulation patterns. Our hypothesis-driven approach is useful for identifying tissue-specific genetic regulation patterns involving variations in TF expression or binding.
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13
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Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can lead to varying degrees of blood flow obstruction and a common pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease. Inflammatory factors run through the whole process of atherosclerotic lesions. Macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils play important roles in the process of atherosclerotic inflammation. Considering the evolutionary characteristics, atherosclerosis can be divided into different stages as early atherosclerotic plaque, plaque formation stage, and plaque rupture stage. In this paper, the changes in inflammatory cells at different stages of lesions and their related mechanisms are discussed, which can provide new insights from a clinical to bench perspective for atherosclerosis me chanism.
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Chen YW, Hsieh TY, Lin CH, Chen HM, Lin CC, Chen HH. Association Between a History of Dengue Fever and the Risk of Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case-Control Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:738291. [PMID: 34805205 PMCID: PMC8597927 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.738291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the association between a history of clinically diagnosed dengue infection and the risk of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Methods: Using claims data from the 1997-2013 Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we included 74,422 patients who were diagnosed with SARDs and 297,688 patients without SARDs who were matched (in a 1:4 ratio) for age, sex, year of SARDs index date, and city of residence. The associations between the development of SARDs and a history of dengue infection (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 061) were investigated using conditional logistic regression analysis shown as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: We included 17,126 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 15,531 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS), 37,685 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 1,911 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), 1,277 patients with dermatomyositis (DM), and 892 patients with polymyositis (PM). SLE (OR, 4.55; 95% CI, 2.77-7.46; p <0.001) risk was significantly associated with a history of dengue infection. However, no statistically significant association was found between dengue infection and SS (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 0.88-2.26; p = 0.155), RA (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.70-1.50; p = 0.888), SSc (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 0.38-10.29; p = 0.420), DM (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.04-7.27; p = 0.641), or PM (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 0.23-18.79; p = 0.513). Conclusion: This study revealed that a history of dengue infection was significantly associated with the risk of SLE, but not SS, RA, SSc, DM, or PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Yi Hsieh
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program of Business, Feng Chia University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Heng Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Healthcare Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsian-Min Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Center for Quantitative Imaging in Medicine (CQUIM), Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National United University, Miaoli City, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Center for Quantitative Imaging in Medicine (CQUIM), Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Science and Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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15
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Martín-Márquez BT, Satoh M, Hernández-Pando R, Martínez-García EA, Petri MH, Sandoval-García F, Pizano-Martinez O, García-Iglesias T, Corona-Meraz FI, Vázquez-Del Mercado M. The DNA co-vaccination using Sm antigen and IL-10 as prophylactic experimental therapy ameliorates nephritis in a model of lupus induced by pristane. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259114. [PMID: 34705865 PMCID: PMC8550422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies such as anti-Sm. Studies in patients with SLE and murine models of lupus reveal that the most critical anti-Sm autoantibodies are predominantly direct against D1(83–119), D2, and B´/B epitopes. Objectives The present study aimed to analyze the induction of antigen-specific tolerance after prophylactic immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding the epitopes: D183-119, D2, B´/B, and B´/BCOOH in co-vaccination with IFN-γ or IL-10 in a murine model of lupus induced by pristane. Material and methods To obtain endotoxin-free DNA vaccines, direct cloning techniques using pcDNA were performed: D183-119, D2, B´/B, B´/BCOOH, IFN-γ, or IL-10. Lupus was induced by 0.5 mL of pristane via intraperitoneal in BALB/c female mice. Immunoprecipitation with K562 cells was metabolically labeled with 35S and ELISA to detect serum antibodies or mice IgG1, IgG2a isotypes. ELISA determined IL-10 and IFN-γ from splenocytes supernatants. Proteinuria was assessed monthly, and lupus nephritis was evaluated by immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Results The prophylactic co-vaccination with D2/IL-10 reduced the expression of kidney damage observed by electron microscopy, direct immunofluorescence, and H & E, along with reduced level of anti-nRNP/Sm antibodies (P = 0.048). Conclusion The prophylactic co-vaccination of IL-10 with D2 in pristane-induced lupus ameliorates the renal damage maybe by acting as prophylactic DNA tolerizing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Teresita Martín-Márquez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UDG-CA-703, "Inmunología y Reumatología", Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Sección de Patología Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Erika Aurora Martínez-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UDG-CA-703, "Inmunología y Reumatología", Guadalajara, Mexico
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Marcelo Heron Petri
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Flavio Sandoval-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UDG-CA-701, "Envejecimiento, Inmunometabolismo y estrés oxidativo", Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
| | - Oscar Pizano-Martinez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UDG-CA-703, "Inmunología y Reumatología", Guadalajara, Mexico
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Trinidad García-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Fernanda Isadora Corona-Meraz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UDG-CA-701, "Envejecimiento, Inmunometabolismo y estrés oxidativo", Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, México
| | - Monica Vázquez-Del Mercado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Reumatología y del Sistema Músculo Esquelético (IIRSME), Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UDG-CA-703, "Inmunología y Reumatología", Guadalajara, Mexico
- División de Medicina Interna, Hospital Civil "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Servicio de Reumatología PNPC 004086 CONACyT, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
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16
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Abstract
Skewing of type I interferon (IFN) production and responses is a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Genetic and environmental contributions to IFN production lead to aberrant innate and adaptive immune activation even before clinical development of disease. Basic and translational research in this arena continues to identify contributions of IFNs to disease pathogenesis, and several promising therapeutic options for targeting of type I IFNs and their signaling pathways are in development for treatment of SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Sirobhushanam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, 5568 MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA
| | - Stephanie Lazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, 5568 MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, 5570A MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, 5570A MSRB 2, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 49109, USA.
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17
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Kotyla PJ, Engelmann M, Giemza-Stokłosa J, Wnuk B, Islam MA. Thromboembolic Adverse Drug Reactions in Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors: Does the Inhibitor Specificity Play a Role? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2449. [PMID: 33671049 PMCID: PMC7957632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in immunology enabled the characterization of several signal transmitting pathways responsible for proper cytokine and chemokine signaling. Among them, Janus kinases (JAKs) are essential components of receptor activation systems. The discovery of JAK kinases enabled the synthesis of JAK kinase inhibitors (JAKi or Jakinibs), which have proven to be efficacious in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and several rheumatological disorders and continue to be investigated in many clinical indications. Blocking multiple cytokines belonging to several cytokine families with a single small molecule may, however, create a potential risk for the patients. Recently, a higher risk of thromboembolic complications, namely, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has been recognized as the main concern during treatment with Jakinibs. At present, it is not entirely clear whether this increased risk is related to direct cytokine blockade, the presence of concomitant diseases in treated patients or other unknown circumstances that work together to increase the risk of this side effect. In this review, we discuss data on the risk of thromboembolic side effects, with special emphasis on the mechanism that may be responsible for this increased risk. Many indirect data indicate that higher thromboembolic risk may be related to the specificity of JAK inhibitor action, such that preferentially blocking one signaling pathway upsets the balance between pro and anti-thrombotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław J. Kotyla
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Engelmann
- Department of Physiotherapy in Internal Medicine, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
| | | | - Bartosz Wnuk
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Md Asiful Islam
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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