1
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Vu Huynh QT, Ban HT, Vuong NL, Khanh NP. The relationship between bisphenol A and phthalates with precocious puberty in Vietnamese children. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 37:644-651. [PMID: 38829694 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2024-0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is aimed to explore the correlation between bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, including diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) and dibutylphthalate (DBP), and precocious puberty (PP). METHODS A case-control study was conducted in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from November 2021 to April 2022, involving 250 children, with 124 of them diagnosed with PP and 126 serving as controls. We assessed the levels of urinary BPA, DEHP, and DBP in all participants and examined their association with the risk of PP. RESULTS BPA was detected in 11.3 % of PP cases but was not found in any individuals in the control group (p<0.001). Diethylhexylphthalate metabolite (MEHP) was not detected in any of the samples. Positive urinary results for dibutylphthalate metabolite (MBP) were observed in 8.1 % of PP cases and 2.4 % in the control group, with an odds ratio of 3.6 (95 % confidence interval: 0.97-13.4, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS The PP group exhibited a higher prevalence of positive urinary BPA and DBP levels compared to the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh Thi Vu Huynh
- Department of Pediatrics, 249295 University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Nephrology and Endocrinology Department, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ho Tran Ban
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, 249295 University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Lam Vuong
- Department of Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Public Health, 249295 University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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2
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Kabekkodu SP, Gladwell LR, Choudhury M. The mitochondrial link: Phthalate exposure and cardiovascular disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119708. [PMID: 38508420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Phthalates' pervasive presence in everyday life poses concern as they have been revealed to induce perturbing health defects. Utilized as a plasticizer, phthalates are riddled throughout many common consumer products including personal care products, food packaging, home furnishings, and medical supplies. Phthalates permeate into the environment by leaching out of these products which can subsequently be taken up by the human body. It is previously established that a connection exists between phthalate exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) development; however, the specific mitochondrial link in this scenario has not yet been described. Prior studies have indicated that one possible mechanism for how phthalates exert their effects is through mitochondrial dysfunction. By disturbing mitochondrial structure, function, and signaling, phthalates can contribute to the development of the foremost cause of death worldwide, CVD. This review will examine the potential link among phthalates and their effects on the mitochondria, permissive of CVD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lauren Rae Gladwell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA.
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3
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Lemini C, Silveyra P, Segovia-Mendoza M. Cardiovascular disrupting effects of bisphenols, phthalates, and parabens related to endothelial dysfunction: Review of toxicological and pharmacological mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 107:104407. [PMID: 38428705 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. CVDs are promoted by the accumulation of lipids and immune cells in the endothelial space resulting in endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial cells are important components of the vascular endothelium, that regulate the vascular flow. The imbalance in the production of vasoactive substances results in the loss of vascular homeostasis, leading the endothelial dysfunction. Thus, endothelial dysfunction plays an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis and can be triggered by different cardiovascular risk factors. On the other hand, the 17β-estradiol (E2) hormone has been related to the regulation of vascular tone through different mechanisms. Several compounds can elicit estrogenic actions similar to those of E2. For these reasons, they have been called endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs). This review aims to provide up-to-date information about how different EDCs affect endothelial function and their mechanistic roles in the context of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lemini
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Silveyra
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Indiana University Bloomington, School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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4
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Perez-Diaz C, Uriz-Martínez M, Ortega-Rico C, Leno-Duran E, Barrios-Rodríguez R, Salcedo-Bellido I, Arrebola JP, Requena P. Phthalate exposure and risk of metabolic syndrome components: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122714. [PMID: 37844863 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, i.e. obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels and arterial hypertension. Phthalates are environmental chemicals which might influence the risk of the aforementioned disturbances, although the evidence is still controversial. The objective of this work was to synthesize the evidence on the association between human phthalate exposure and metabolic syndrome or any of its components. In this systematic review, the PRISMA guidelines were followed and the literature was search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were included, the later only if a subclinical marker of disease was evaluated. The methodological quality was assessed with the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and a checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies developed in the Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 58 articles were identified that showed high heterogenicity in the specific phthalates assessed, time-window of exposure and duration of follow-up. The quality of the studies was evaluated as high (n = 46, score >7 points) or medium (n = 12, score 4-6). The most frequently studied phthalates were DEHP-MEHP, MBzP and MEP. The evidence revealed a positive association between prenatal (in utero) exposure to most phthalates and markers of obesity in the offspring, but contradictory results when postnatal exposure and obesity were assessed. Moreover, postnatal phthalate exposure showed positive and very consistent associations with markers of diabetes and, to a lesser extent, with triglyceride levels. However, fewer evidence and contradictory results were found for HDL-c levels and markers of hypertension. The suggested mechanisms for these metabolic effects include transcription factor PPAR activation, antagonism of thyroid hormone function, antiandrogenic effects, oxidative stress and inflammation, and epigenetic changes. Nevertheless, as the inconsistency of some results could be related to differences in the study design, future research should aim to standardise the exposure assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Perez-Diaz
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain
| | - Maialen Uriz-Martínez
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Ortega-Rico
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Ester Leno-Duran
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medicine School. Parque Tecnologico de La Salud, Av. de La Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Rocío Barrios-Rodríguez
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Salcedo-Bellido
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pedro Arrebola
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Requena
- Universidad de Granada. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Pharmacy School. Campus de Cartuja S/n, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA). Avda. de Madrid, 15. Pabellón de Consultas Externas 2, 2(a) Planta, 18012, Granada, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/ Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11. Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Cai A, Remy S, Lenters V, Cox B, Schoeters G, Covaci A, Vermeulen R, Portengen L. Exposure to a Mixture of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Metabolic Outcomes in Belgian Adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19871-19880. [PMID: 37944124 PMCID: PMC10702523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Childhood exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), either alone or in mixtures, may affect metabolic outcomes, yet existing evidence remains inconclusive. In our study of 372 adolescents from the Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS IV, 2017-2018), we measured 40 known and suspected EDCs and assessed metabolic outcomes, including body mass index z-score (zBMI), abdominal obesity (AO), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). We applied Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) and Bayesian penalized horseshoe regression for variable selection and then built multivariate generalized propensity score (mvGPS) models to provide an overview of the effects of selected EDCs on metabolic outcomes. As a result, BKMR and horseshoe together identified five EDCs associated with zBMI, three with AO, three with TC, and five with TG. Through mvGPS analysis, monoiso-butyl phthalate (MIBP), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB-170), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) each showed an inverse association with zBMI, as did PCB-170 with AO. Copper (Cu) was associated with higher TC and TG, except in boys where it was linked to lower TG. Additionally, monoethyl phthalate (MEP) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) were associated with higher TG. To conclude, our findings support the association between certain chemicals (Cu, MEP, and MBzP) and elevated lipid levels, aligning with prior studies. Further investigation is needed for sex-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Cai
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
- VITO
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological
Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Remy
- VITO
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological
Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Virissa Lenters
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment, Department of Environment and
Health, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Cox
- VITO
Health, Flemish Institute for Technological
Research (VITO), Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp 2000, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological
Centre, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
- Julius Center
for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University
Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Lützen Portengen
- Institute
for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CM, The Netherlands
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6
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Khademi N, Rajabi S, Fararouei M, Rafiee A, Azhdarpoor A, Hoseini M. Environmental exposure to organophosphate pesticides and effects on cognitive functions in elementary school children in a Middle Eastern area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:111076-111091. [PMID: 37798522 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the fundamental reasons for cognitive function disorders have been well documented, little is known about the impact of environmental exposures, such as pesticides, on children's cognitive function development. This study investigated the effect of exposure to organophosphate pesticides on children's cognitive function. In order to determine various factors of exposure, hair samples were collected from 114 elementary school children who lived in Boyer-Ahmad County in the province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, Iran. A detailed questionnaire was utilized to gather demographic information and exposure profile. Pesticides were detected in hair samples using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS); also, cognitive function was assessed using the trail-making test (TMT), which was divided into two parts: TMT-part A and TMT-part B. Participants in the study were 10.12 ± 1.440 years old on average. Children in rural areas had higher mean total pesticide concentrations (13.612 ± 22.01 ng/g) than those who lived in the urban areas (1.801 ± 1.32). The results revealed that boys (46.44 s and 92.37 s) completed the TMT-part A and part B tests in less time than girls (54.95 s and 109.82 s), respectively, and showed better performance (2.14) on the cognitive function exam than girls (2.07). Diazinon and TMT-part B were positively correlated (p < 0.05). With the increase in pesticides, there was no discernible difference in cognitive function. Pesticide use throughout a child's development may affect certain cognitive function indicators. In order to assess causal relationships, group studies and case studies are required because the current research was cross-sectional in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Khademi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ata Rafiee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Abooalfazl Azhdarpoor
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hoseini
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Shahsavaripour M, Abbasi S, Mirzaee M, Amiri H. Human occupational exposure to microplastics: A cross-sectional study in a plastic products manufacturing plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163576. [PMID: 37086995 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics are ubiquitous in the natural environment, and their potential impact on health is a key issue of concern. Investigating exposure routes in humans and other living organisms is among the major challenges of microplastics. This study aims to examine the exposure level of plastic factory staff to microplastic particles before and after work shifts through body receptors (hand and facial skin, saliva and hair) in Sirjan, southeast of Iran. Moreover, the effect of face masks, gloves, cosmetics (e.g: face powder cream, lipstick and eye makeup products) and appearance on the exposure level is investigated. In total, 19 individuals are selected during six working days. Then, the collected samples are transferred to the laboratory for filtration, extraction, identification and counting of microplastic particles. Moreover, 4802 microplastic particles (100-5000 μm in size) in strand, polyhedral and spherical shapes and color spectra of white/transparent, black, blue/green, red and purple are observed. The nature of most of the observed samples is fiber with a size ≥1000 μm. Analyzing the selected samples using micro-Raman spectroscopy indicate polyester and nylon are the main identified fibers. Hair and saliva samples have the highest and lowest number of microplastics, respectively. Using gloves and sunscreen among all the participants, wearing a scarf and hair size among women and having a beard and mustache among men could have an effective role in the exposure level to microplastics. Results of this study could reveal the exposure route to microplastic particles in the human body and highlight the importance of providing higher protection to reduce exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shahsavaripour
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Centre for Environmental Studies and Emerging Pollutants (ZISTANO), Shiraz University, Shiraz 714545, Iran
| | - Moghaddameh Mirzaee
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Amiri
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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8
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The association of phthalate metabolites with childhood waist circumference and abdominal obesity. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:803-812. [PMID: 36482090 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The association between phthalates exposure and childhood abdominal obesity is still unclear. This study aimed to assess phthalates (PAEs) exposure level and explore the association between PAEs metabolites exposure and the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese students aged 7-10 years. A total of 798 students aged 7-10 years were selected from the baseline survey of the cohort of Childhood Blood Pressure and Environmental Factors (CBPEF), which was established in Xiamen City, Fujian province, East China, from August to November in 2018. Urine samples were collected from these students to analyze the concentrations of seven PAEs metabolites using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Waist circumference was used to define abdominal obesity. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of urinary creatinine-adjusted PAEs metabolites with childhood abdominal obesity risk. The prevalence of childhood abdominal obesity is 12.0% (96/798). Apart from mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (62.5% for boys and 47.0% for girls), the detection rate of the others PAEs metabolites ranged from 82.6 to 100%. Boys had higher concentrations of PAEs metabolites than girls (P < 0.05), except for monoethyl phthalate. Compared with the Q1 group of PAEs metabolites, the risk of childhood abdominal obesity increased to 429% (OR = 5.29; 95% CI: 2.09, 13.39) and 273% (OR = 3.73; 95% CI: 1.57, 8.86) for the Q4 group of monoethyl phthalate and monoisobutyl phthalate, respectively. CONCLUSION The detection rate of PAEs metabolites is common, and the exposure level of PAEs metabolites was associated with the risk of abdominal obesity in Chinese students aged 7-10 years. WHAT IS KNOWN • The prevalence of childhood abdominal obesity had increased sharply from 4.9% in 1993 to 17.5% in 2014 in China. More than 80% of the Chinese children and adolescents have measurable level of several PAEs metabolites in the urine. Previous studies with limited sample had explored the association between DEHP metabolites exposure and childhood abdominal obesity risk, however, the association were inconsistent. WHAT IS NEW • The detection rate of PAEs metabolites is common among Chinese children aged 7-10 years. Boys had higher concentrations of PAEs metabolites than girls (P < 0.05), except for monoethyl phthalate. Compared with the Q1 group of PAEs metabolites, the risk of childhood abdominal obesity increased to 429% and 273% for the Q4 group of monoethyl phthalate and monoisobutyl phthalate, respectively.
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9
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Liu S, Wang Y, Huang F, Wang H, Yang R, Yang Q, He G, Chen B, Dong R. Associations of exposure to melamine, cyanuric acid, phthalates with markers of early kidney impairment, and their interactions in US adults: analyses of NHANES 2003-2004 data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:79516-79528. [PMID: 35715676 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MEL), cyanuric acid (CYA), and phthalates have kidney toxicity, respectively. Still, no study has explored whether there is an interaction of co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and phthalates on early kidney impairment, including cystatin C (CYST), beta 2-microglobulin (β2-MG), albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Urine samples were collected from 333 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004, and urinary MEL, CYA, and ten metabolites of phthalates were quantified. The multiple markers of early kidney impairment were also measured, including serum CYST, β2-MG, urinary ACR, and eGFR. Their associations were explored by multiple linear and multivariate logistic regression models. Meanwhile, the interactions of co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and phthalates on early kidney impairment were analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test combined with the LSD test. In the multiple linear regression model, urinary concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), and mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) were positively associated with urinary ACR, serum β2-MG, and CYST, respectively. Urinary concentrations of MBzP and MCPP were negatively associated with eGFR. In the multivariate logistic regression model, increased urinary CYA concentration was the risk factor of CYST abnormality with an odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval, 95% CI) of 2.38 (1.01, 5.60) (P = 0.047) and increased urinary MBzP concentration was the risk factor of ACR abnormality with an OR of 2.59 (1.41, 4.75) (P = 0.002). The co-exposure to MEL, CYA, and four phthalate metabolites (MEHP, MBzP, MCPP, and MECPP) presented significantly interactive effects on the markers of early kidney impairment, respectively. There were the independent and interactive effects of exposure to MEL, CYA, and specific phthalate metabolites on early kidney impairment. Due to co-exposure to multiple environmental chemicals in our daily life, more attention should be paid to the health damage raised by the synergistic effects of environmental chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Liu
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hangwei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruoru Yang
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Chemical Laboratory, Jing'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruihua Dong
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Hertiš Petek T, Petek T, Močnik M, Marčun Varda N. Systemic Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Health in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:894. [PMID: 35624760 PMCID: PMC9137597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that cerebrovascular diseases and processes of atherosclerosis originate in the childhood era and are largely influenced by chronic inflammation. Some features of vascular dysfunction in adulthood may even be programmed prenatally via genetic influences and an unfavorable intrauterine milieu. Oxidative stress, defined by an imbalance between the production and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the capability of an organism to scavenge these molecules via antioxidant mechanisms, has been linked to adverse cardiovascular health in adults, yet has not been systematically reviewed in the pediatric population. We performed a systematic search as per the PRISMA guidelines in PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Reviews and detected, in total, 1228 potentially eligible pediatric articles on systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, antioxidant use, cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction. The abstracts and full-text manuscripts of these were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a total of 160 articles were included. The results indicate that systemic inflammation and oxidative stress influence cardiovascular health in many chronic pediatric conditions, including hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2, chronic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea. Exercise and diet may diminish ROS formation and enhance the total serum antioxidant capacity. Antioxidant supplementation may, in selected conditions, contribute to the diminution of the oxidative state and improve endothelial function; yet, in many areas, studies provide unsatisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Hertiš Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Petek
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mirjam Močnik
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.H.P.); (M.M.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Yalçin SS, Erdal İ, Oğuz B, Duzova A. Association of urine phthalate metabolites, bisphenol A levels and serum electrolytes with 24-h blood pressure profile in adolescents. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:141. [PMID: 35410150 PMCID: PMC9004182 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the possible causes of hypertension in adolescence, electrolyte imbalances and environmental pollutants are drawing increasing attention. We aimed to examine the relationship between bisphenol A (BPA), phthalate metabolites, and serum electrolytes and blood pressure. METHODS Eighty-six participants aged 12-15 years were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI), office blood pressure and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM), and carotid intima-media thickness were determined. Blood samples were taken for hemogram, renal function tests, and serum electrolytes. Free- and total-BPA and phthalate metabolites were analyzed from urine samples. RESULTS Of the participants, 34 were evaluated as normal blood pressure profile, 33 as white-coat hypertension (WCHT), and 19 as ABPM-hypertension. Adolescents in ABPM- hypertension groups had higher BMI-standard deviation score (SDS), leucocyte, platelet count; but lower serum chloride, compared to the normal blood pressure profile group. The percentage of adolescents with detectable urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) was higher in ABPM-hypertension (42.1%) and WCHT groups (33.3%), compared to the normal blood pressure profile group (5.9%, p = 0.004). Associations between MBzP and ABPM- hypertension and WCHT were remained after confounding factor adjustment. Adolescents with detectable MBzP levels had also higher "albumin-corrected calcium" and lower serum phosphate and "albumin-corrected calcium x phosphate product" compared to others. Adolescents with detectable urinary MBzP levels had higher blood pressure profiles in some 24-h (mean arterial pressure-SDS, systolic blood pressure-SDS), daytime (systolic blood pressure-SDS), and night-time (mean arterial pressure-SDS, systolic blood pressure-SDS, and diastolic blood pressure-SDS) measurements, compared to others. WCHT was found to be associated negatively with monomethyl phthalate and the sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites and ABPM-HT with MCPP. There was no significant association between blood pressure profiles and free- and total-BPA status. CONCLUSION MBzP was associated with adverse blood pressure profiles in adolescence. Additive follow-up studies are necessary for cause-effect relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddika Songül Yalçin
- Unit of Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - İzzet Erdal
- Unit of Social Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Oğuz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Duzova
- Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Nasab H, Rajabi S, Mirzaee M, Hashemi M. Association of urinary triclosan, methyl triclosan, triclocarban, and 2,4-dichlorophenol levels with anthropometric and demographic parameters in children and adolescents in 2020 (case study: Kerman, Iran). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30754-30763. [PMID: 34993832 PMCID: PMC8739350 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18466-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can be a major risk factor for noncommunicable illnesses, especially when children are exposed to them. The purpose of this study was to assess the urine concentrations of triclosan (TCS), methyl triclosan (MTCS), triclocarban (TCC), and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and its association with anthropometric and demographic parameters in children and adolescents aged 6-18 living in Kerman, Iran, in 2020. A GC/MS instrument was used to measure the concentrations of the analytes. TCS, MTCS, TCC, and 2,4-DCP geometric mean concentrations (µg/L) were 4.32 ± 2.08, 1.73 ± 0.88, 4.66 ± 10.25, and 0.19 ± 0.14, respectively. TCS, MTCS, TCC, and 2,4-DCP were shown to have a positive and significant association with BMI z-score and BMI (p-value < 0.01). TCS and MTCS have a positive, strong, and substantial association (p-value < 0.01, r = 0.74). There was no significant association between the waist circumference (WC) and the analytes studied. In addition, there was a close association between analyte concentration and demographic parameters (smoking, education, income, etc.) overall. In Kerman, Iran, the current study was the first to look into the association between TCS, MTCS, TCC, and 2,4-DCP analytes and anthropometric and demographic data. The levels of urinary TCS, MTCS, TCC, 2,4-DCP, and anthropometric parameters in children and adolescents are shown to have a significant association in this study. However, because the current study is cross-sectional and it is uncertain if a single experiment accurately reflects long-term exposure to these analytes, more research is needed to determine the impact of these analyses on the health of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Nasab
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Saeed Rajabi
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Moghaddameh Mirzaee
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Hashemi
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Phthalate Exposure and Biomarkers of Oxidation of Nucleic Acids: Results on Couples Attending a Fertility Center. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020061. [PMID: 35202248 PMCID: PMC8876283 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are substances used as plasticizing agents and solvents that can increase the risk of infertility and that appear to induce oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to show the possible relationship between urinary concentrations of phthalates metabolites, namely MEP, MBzP, MnBP, MEHP, MEHHP, and MnOP and biomarkers of nucleic acids oxidation, methylation, or protein nitroxidation. The oxidative stress biomarkers measured in human urine were 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 5-methylcytidine. Two hundred and seventy-four couples were enrolled, undergoing an assisted reproduction technology (ART) treatment, urine samples were analyzed in HPLC/MS-MS, and then two sub-groups with urinary concentration > 90th or <10th percentile were identified, reducing the sample size to 112 subjects. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in both groups, reduced to 52 men and 60 women. A statistically significantly difference for 8-oxoGuo and 3-NO2Tyr between men and women, with higher levels in men, was found. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers were directly correlated with some phthalate concentrations in both sexes.
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Measurement of Urinary Triclocarban and 2,4-Dichlorophenol Concentration and Their Relationship with Obesity and Predictors of Cardiovascular Diseases among Children and Adolescents in Kerman, Iran. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2022:2939022. [PMID: 35096073 PMCID: PMC8794682 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2939022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) at an early age can lead to chronic diseases. 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and Triclocarban (TCC) are among EDCs that disrupt the endocrine system and alter the body's metabolism. In the present study, the hypothesis that exposure to 2,4-DCP and TCC affects obesity and predictors of cardiovascular diseases was investigated. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL (tests were performed on 79 children and adolescents. Also, blood pressure, Body Mass Index (BMI), and BMI z-score were measured to examine the hypothesis. Urinary concentrations of TCC and 2,4-DCP were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Mean concentrations of TCC and 2,4-DCP (µg/L) were higher in obese individuals (5.50 ± 2.35, 0.29 ± 0.13, respectively). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, the results showed an increase in TCC concentration among girls and a decrease in 2,4-DCP among boys with increasing age. The 2,4-DCP concentration among girls increased by 0.007 and 0.01 units with a one-unit increase in Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) and FBS, respectively. There was a significant relationship between TCC and TG (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.02,
-value = 0.007), LDL (OR = 1.05,
-value = 0.003), and HDL (OR = 0.88,
-value = 0.002). There was also a significant relationship between 2,4-DCP and TG (OR = 1.02,
-value = 0.002), LDL (OR = 1.12,
-value = 0.007), and HDL (OR = 0.92,
-value = 0.02). Exposure to TCC and 2,4-DCP can increase some heart risk factors and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and obesity. However, to confirm the results of the present study, it is necessary to conduct further studies, such as cohort and case-control studies, with a larger sample size to examine the causal relationships.
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