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Gao K, Huang Z, Yu W, Wu Y, Liu W, Sun S, Zhang Y, Chen D. Therapeutic mechanisms of modified Jiawei Juanbi decoction in early knee osteoarthritis: A multimodal analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30828. [PMID: 38770333 PMCID: PMC11103480 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Modified Jiawei Juanbi decoction (MJD) is used for the treatment of early-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Here, modified Jiawei Juanbi decoction (MJD) was employed for the treatment of early-stage knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its mechanisms were assessed via metabonomics and network pharmacology. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into a normal control group, a model group, and an MJD group (n = 8 rats per group). Each rat group was further equally divided into two subgroups for investigation for either 14 or 28 days. A rat model of early-stage KOA was constructed and rats were treated with MJD. Effects were evaluated based on changes in knee circumference, mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency (TWL). We also analyzed histopathological changes in articular cartilage. High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze the chemical profile of MJD, identifying 228 components. Using an LC-Q-TOF-MS metabonomics approach, 33 differential metabolites were identified. The relevant pathways significantly associated with MJD include arginine and proline metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, as well as the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan. The system pharmacology paradigm revealed that MJD contains 1027 components and associates with 1637 genes, of which 862 disease genes are related to osteoarthritis. The construction of the MJD composition-target-KOA network revealed a total of 140 intersection genes. A total of 39 hub genes were identified via integration of betweenness centrality values greater than 100 using CytoHubba. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed several significantly affected signaling pathways including the HIF-1, AGE-RAGE (in diabetic complications), IL-17, rheumatoid arthritis and TNF pathways. Integrated-omics and network pharmacology approaches revealed a necessity for further detailed investigation focusing on two major targets, namely NOS2 and NOS3, along with their essential metabolite (arginine) and associated pathways (HIF-1 signaling and arginine and proline metabolism). Real-time PCR validated significantly greater downregulation of NOS2 and HIF-1ɑ in the MJD as compared to the model group. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed the binding of active MJD with key active components. Our findings elucidate the impact of MJD on relevant pathophysiological and metabolic networks relevant to KOA and assess the drug efficacy of MJD and its underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Gao
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weiji Yu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yihong Wu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Shufen Sun
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Dayu Chen
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
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Li X, Ding S, Zhang P, Yan J, Yu X, Wang X, Zhan H, Wang Z. Revealing the impact of autophagy-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis: Insights from bioinformatics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29849. [PMID: 38699021 PMCID: PMC11064156 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease that severely impacts physical and mental health. Autophagy is a cellular process involving the degradation of cellular components in lysosomes. However, from a bioinformatics perspective, autophagy-related genes have not been comprehensively elucidated in rheumatoid arthritis. Methods In this study, we performed differential analysis of autophagy-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis patients using the GSE93272 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Marker genes were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Based on marker genes, we used unsupervised cluster analysis to elaborate different autophagy clusters, and further identified modules strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. In addition, we constructed four machine learning models, random forest model, support vector machine model, generalized linear model and extreme gradient boosting based on marker genes, and based on the optimal machine learning model, a nomogram model was constructed for distinguishing between normal individuals and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Finally, five external independent rheumatoid arthritis datasets were used for the validation of our results. Results The results showed that autophagy-related genes had significant expression differences between normal individuals and osteoarthritis patients. Through least absolute shrinkage and selection operator screening, we identified 31 marker genes and found that they exhibited significant synergistic or antagonistic effects in rheumatoid arthritis, and immune cell infiltration analysis revealed significant changes in immune cell abundance. Subsequently, we elaborated different autophagy clusters (cluster 1 and cluster 2) using unsupervised cluster analysis. Next, further by weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified a brown module strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we constructed a nomogram model for five marker genes (CDKN2A, TP53, ATG16L2, FKBP1A, and GABARAPL1) based on a generalized linear model (area under the curve = 1.000), and the predictive efficiency and accuracy of this nomogram model were demonstrated in the calibration curves, the decision curves and the five external independent datasets were validated. Conclusion This study identified marker autophagy-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis and analyzed their impact on the disease, providing new perspectives for understanding the role of autophagy-related genes in rheumatoid arthritis and providing new directions for its individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Traumatology Hand Surgery Department, Haicheng Orthopedic Hospital, Haicheng, China
| | - Shuang Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | | | - Jing Yan
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xingxing Yu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | - Zhengyan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Liu Y, Jiang P, Qu Y, Liu C, Zhang D, Xu B, Zhang Q. Exosomes and exosomal miRNAs: A new avenue for the future treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28127. [PMID: 38533025 PMCID: PMC10963384 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that involves mainly synovitis and joint injury and is one of the main causes of disability. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis is complicated, and the treatment cycle is long. The traditional methods of inhibiting inflammation and immunosuppression are no longer sufficient for treatment of the disease, so there is an urgent need to seek new treatments. The exocrine microenvironment is a kind of microvesicle with a lipid bilayer membrane structure that can be secreted by most cells in the body. This structure contains cell-specific proteins, lipids and nucleic acids that can transmit this information from one cell to another. To achieve cell-to-cell communication. Exocrine microRNAs can be contained in exocrine cells and can be selectively transferred to target receptor cells via exocrine signaling, thus regulating the physiological function of target cells. This article focuses on the pathological changes that occur during the development of rheumatoid arthritis and the biological regulation of exocrine and exocrine microRNAs in rheumatoid joints. Research on the roles of exocrine and exocrine microRNAs in regulating the inflammatory response, cell proliferation/apoptosis, autophagy, effects on fibroblast-like synoviocytes and immune regulation in rheumatoid arthritis was reviewed. In addition, the challenges faced by this new treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Science and Technology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Xue H, Guo Y, Wei S, Li F, Gong L, Pan W, Jiang P. Epigenetic Regulation of Autophagy in Bone Metabolism. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae004. [PMID: 38486976 PMCID: PMC10935486 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The skeletal system is crucial for supporting bodily functions, protecting vital organs, facilitating hematopoiesis, and storing essential minerals. Skeletal homeostasis, which includes aspects such as bone density, structural integrity, and regenerative processes, is essential for normal skeletal function. Autophagy, an intricate intracellular mechanism for degrading and recycling cellular components, plays a multifaceted role in bone metabolism. It involves sequestering cellular waste, damaged proteins, and organelles within autophagosomes, which are then degraded and recycled. Autophagy's impact on bone health varies depending on factors such as regulation, cell type, environmental cues, and physiological context. Despite being traditionally considered a cytoplasmic process, autophagy is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation within the nucleus. However, the precise influence of epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA expression, on cellular fate remains incompletely understood. The interplay between autophagy and epigenetic modifications adds complexity to bone cell regulation. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the intricate interplay between these two regulatory paradigms, with a focus on the epigenetic control of autophagy in bone metabolism. Such an understanding enhances our knowledge of bone metabolism-related disorders and offers insights for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Hongjia Xue
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People’s Hospital, Jining 272000, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
- Department of Graduate, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Fengfeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Linqiang Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Weiliang Pan
- Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Tengzhou Central People’s Hospital, Tengzhou 277500, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Translational Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Jining First People’s Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jining 272000, China
- Institute of Translational Pharmacy, Jining Medical Research Academy, Jining 272000, China
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Yan B, Li Z, Su H, Xue H, Qiu D, Xu Z, Tan G. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-related ncRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178310. [PMID: 38146458 PMCID: PMC10749346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic diseases have been tormented and are plaguing people worldwide due to the lack of effective and thorough medical interventions and the poor understanding of their pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that cannot encode the proteins but can affect the expressions of other genes. Autophagy is a fundamental mechanism for keeping cell viability, recycling cellular contents through the lysosomal pathway, and maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, autophagy, and crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy play complex roles in progression of metabolic bone disease. This review investigated the complex mechanisms by which ncRNAs, mainly micro RNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate autophagic pathway to assist in treating bone metabolism disorders. It aimed at identifying the autophagy role in bone metabolism disorders and understanding the role, potential, and challenges of crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy for bone metabolism disorders treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Yan
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Daodi Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Ren M, Ma K, Pang X, Liu Y, Song Z, Zhou R, Tang Z. Anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects of total saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats and rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155021. [PMID: 37603974 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total saponins from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris (RPMTG) showed significant antitumour activity in our previous studies. Rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) with tumour-like characteristics have received attention as a therapeutic target for RA. However, the potential effect and mechanism of action of RPMTG against RA-FLS remain unclear. OBJECTIVE The study investigated the therapeutic effect of RPMTG on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats, and the regulation effect and underlying mechanism on apoptosis, autophagy of RA-FLS. METHODS The therapeutic effect of RPMTG was determined by the symptoms and signs of AIA rats. The production of inflammatory cytokines was detected by ELISA. Histopathological change of the ankle and synovial tissues were detected by HE staining. Flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342/PI staining, MDC staining, and TEM were used to determine the effects of RPMTG on apoptosis and autophagy. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression levels of proteins. RESULTS In AIA rats, RPMTG treatment ameliorated paw swelling, and arthritis score, restored synovial histopathological changes, inhibited the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β, exhibiting its potent anti-arthritis effect. In vitro, RPMTG depressed the proliferation of RA-FLS, arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase, and induced mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, RPMTG significantly inhibited the autophagy in vivo and in vitro, proved by decreasing the expression of autophagy-related indicators (LC3II/LC3I, Beclin-1). Mechanistically, the study demonstrated that the activation of p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways was mainly involved in the therapeutic effects of RPMTG. Interestingly, the effect of RPMTG on apoptosis was reversed after Rapamycin treatment, which preliminarily demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of RPMTG on autophagy was beneficial to the effect on inducing apoptosis. The regulation effect of RPMTG concurrently on apoptosis and autophagy revealed its unique advantages in RA treatment. CONCLUSION RPMTG showed potent therapeutic effects on AIA rats and induced apoptosis, inhibited autophagy mainly through activating the p38 MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in RA-FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ren
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Kang Ma
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Xiayun Pang
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Yanru Liu
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Zhongxing Song
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Co-Construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization by Shaanxi and Education Ministry, State Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712083, PR China.
| | - Zhishu Tang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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